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Cap2 Introducere Antreprenoriat
Cap2 Introducere Antreprenoriat
Cuprins
1.Definirea i funciile antreprenoriatului
2.Fundamentele preocuprilor privind antreprenoriatul
Rolul ntreprinztorilor i al IMM
(Ocupare, inovare, concuren, democraie)
Conceptul de antreprenor
Ocupare
Se apreciaz c activitatea ntreprinztorilor i a
ntreprinderilor mici contribuie prin crearea de locuri
de munc la creterea ocuprii. Studiile empirice au
evideniat, ns, c legtura dintre crearea de noi
ntreprinderi i rata ocuprii nu este att de evident
Dintr-o alt perspectiv, locurile de munc din
ntreprinderile mai mici par s fie mai rezistente la
situaii de criz, datorit flexibilitii mai mari a acestor
ntreprinderi.
5.2. The importance of fostering innovation and an entrepreneurial mindset among students and staff by country
Considering the total agree ratio, for the four statements, the smallest variation between countries was seen in regard to the
question concerning the importance of HEIs fostering innovation and an entrepreneurial mindset among students and staff: a 23
percentage point difference between countries with the highest and the lowest level of agreement (the highest: 97% in Poland
and Romania vs. the lowest: 74% in Croatia). As well as respondents in Poland and Romania, students in Slovenia (96%), Iceland
(95%), Portugal and Bulgaria (both 93%) gave high levels of support to the need to foster innovation and entrepreneurial
mindsets. An examination of the proportions of those who were very much in favour of an entrepreneurial education showed a
different hierarchy of countries. For example, those students least likely to strongly agree that it was important for HEIs to foster
innovation and an entrepreneurial mindset were found in the Netherlands (32%), Denmark (33%), Germany and Estonia (both
34%). In contrast, Iceland (73%), Bulgaria (71%), Slovenia and Romania (both 69%) and Malta (67%) had the highest levels of
strong agreement in favour of fostering innovation and an entrepreneurial mindset.
3.Demografia ntreprinderilor
ntreprinderile se nasc, parcurg o anumit evoluie n cursul
existenei lor i apoi mor. Prin analogie cu indicatorii demografici
ai populaiei se studiaz i dinamica fenomenelor care influeneaz
numrul ntreprinderilor: ratele natalitii i mortalitii, sporul
natural, mortalitatea infantil, sperana de via etc.
De regul, se constat tendina ca o rat ridicat a natalitii s fie
nsoit de o rata a mortalitii infantile relativ ridicat, iar o rat a
natalitii mai sczut s fie nsoit cu o speran de via mai
mare.
Orientarea n prezent a politicilor este de a se diminua barierele la
intrarea i ieirea de pe pia, cu preul c multe dintre
ntreprinderile nou create nu vor supravieui timp de 1-3 ani
Recomandare: Citii GEM (Global Entrepreneurship Monitor) Report
2013 (http://www.gemconsortium.org/docs/download/3106)
Profilul ntreprinztorilor
Studiul deosebirilor ntre ntreprinztori i ceilali oameni s-a
ndreptat ctre caracteristicile psihologice, comportamentale i
relaionale ale ntreprinztorilor; cercetrile empirice au ncercat,
de asemenea, s identifice anumite cauzaliti legate de parcursul
vieii personale i profesionale a ntreprinztorului, cu rezultate mai
puin concludente.
Dou dintre cele mai rspndite teorii sunt:
Teoria psihologic: ntreprinztorul este un om de explorare, un om de
putere i un deplasat (nu foarte bine integrat n societate)
Teoria psiho-sociologic: pe lng factorii psihologici enunai mai sus
intervin i factori care in de pregtirea profesional (este mai probabil
s nceap o afacere n domeniul pentru care s-a pregtit), precum i
relaiile (rude, prieteni, colegi) pe care le are potenialul ntreprinztor,
care l pot stimula, ncuraja sau ajuta.