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kJ
Hi := 44120
kg
l
C h := 20.25 100km
ce :=
Ch 0.755 1000
Pe
consumul orar
g
= 118.517 kWh
Lb :=
1
3.63069
rm
= 127.8 mm
lungimea bielei
mm
gpl := 5
mm
p max := 5 Mpa
ic :=
1.5 p max D
2 gcil
= 49.933 MPa
:= D 0.08 = 7.2
mm
Lp := D 1.07777777778 = 97
mm
mm
Hc := 0.7 D = 63
Lm := D 0.6 = 54
mm
d u := 0.35 D = 31.5
mm
mm
B := D 0.35 = 31.5
s := 0.07 D = 6.3
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
h := 0.05 mm
Hp := h + h = 2.55 mm
H2 := D 0.04 = 3.6 mm
d := 0.25 D = 22.5 mm
:= 0.69
d i := d = 15.525
mm
lp := 0.78 D = 70.2mm
L' := Lp Hc = 34 mm
L'
= 0.351
Lp
rg := 0.05 D = 4.5
Alegerea si date ale materialului ales:
Aliaj eutectic Mahle 124 matritat
kg
p := 2.7
3
dm
6
p := 21 10
densitatea
1
coeficient de dilatare
p := 153.5
mK
r := 350
MPa
c := 310 MPa
As := 2
%
obp := 125 MPa
conductivitate termica
rezistenta la rupere la tractiune la 20 grade Celsius
rezistenta la curgere la 20 grade Celsius
alungirea specifica la 20 grade Celsius
rezistenta la oboseala pentru ciclu alternant simetri de incovoiere la 20
grade Celsius
Ep := 7.9 10
p := 0.34
presiunea in carter
diferenta de presiune
3 p Di
''r.mar :=
16 Di
= 0.919 MPa
Mpa
''rc :=
3 1 + p p Di
= 57.191 MPa
32
''tc := ''rc
MPa
jp :=
D 10
2
n P.max
30
6
p jp := p jp 10
+ 10
m
= 12.106 2 acceleratia maxima a pistonului
s
= 2.353 10
MPa
'''r.mar :=
3 p jp Di
2
2
3
= 4.1 10
MPa
16
MPa
'''r.c :=
3 1 + p p jp Di
2
= 2.747 10
32
MPa
)(
u.max :=
(D 2asegcompr 2acompr) H2
u.max :=
= 18.296 MPa
)(
(D 2asegcompr 2acompr) H2
efortul unitar maxim de forfecare
maxB :=
D
4
p
Aps
= 43.418
MPa
FNmax :=
= 5.368
D p 0.09
4
= 2.806 10 N
FNmax
Pm_max :=
= 0.577 MPa
Lm D
Jocul la rece
c := 0.007 D = 0.63 mm
ma := 0.001 D = 0.09 mm
Jocuri la cald
'c := 0.0025 D = 0.225
'ma := 0.0015 D = 0.135
mm
mm
mps := 0.4 kg
D
4
Fub := p
mps jp = 3.117 10 N forta ce actioneaza asupra umerilor boltului
4
(Di B)
lB :=
lp B
ll :=
= 19.35 mm
lB
M :=
Fub
1000
10
4 ll 10
i :=
M 10
du d
32
du
p u.max :=
Fub
2 ll d
= 63.709 MPa
= 35.794 MPa
cc := 0.002 d = 0.045 mm
Tup := 170 K cresterea temperaturii umerilor pistonului in raport cu umerii
exteriori
cresterea temperaturii boltului in raport cu mediul exterior
Tb := 135 K
6 1
p := 21 10
b := 10 10
K
1
r :=
c + d p Tup b Tb
1 + p Tup
Tm.E := 100
Tc := 180
6 1
c := 20 10
Dcp.min :=
Dcp.max :=
D 1 + c Tc Cp
= 89.621 mm
(
)
D ( 1 + c Tc) Cp
1 + p ( Tcp.A Tcp.A Tm.D)
1 + p Tcp.A
= 90.301 mm
Dm.min := 50 = 50 mm
Dm.max := 80 = 80 mm
Dcp := D Dcp.min = 0.379
mm
acsu := asegung
Dcp
2
Dcp
2
+ acompr = 3.901 mm
+ aung = 4.611
mm
Hsu := 5 mm
du d
2
= 4.5
d = 22.5
lp = 70.2
lp + 8 = 78.2
90 2 acsc 2 s
2
= 34.799
D acsc 2 = 82.199
D acsu 2 = 80.779
Verificarea segmentilor:
Materiale folosite:
Pentru toti segmentii se utilizeaza oteluri de arcuri:
Durseg := 500 HV5 duritatea materialului segmentilor
r.seg := 1700 MPa
rezistenta la rupere
Eseg := 2.1 10
MPa
MPa
iseg := 1 .. 11
j := 1 .. 7
f
:=
j
iseg
0.205
0.571
0.472
0.322
0.279
0.267
0.256
0.214
0.187
0.177
0.094
0
30
60
90
120
150
180
iseg
:=
j )
11
:= p E.seg 1 +
,j
i =1
iseg
cos i
0
0
0.911
-1.479
1.734
-0.712
1.139
-0.542
6
= 7
iseg , j
8
1.068
-0.379
-0.265
10
0.57
11
0.227
12
0.427
0.856
13
0.159
14
0.363
15
...
a ad
a.seg :=
r.seg
= 850
Kseg := 1.771
C seg := 0.209
D
aseg :=
1 2 a.seg
1+
+ 1
3 p E.seg Kseg
mm
h com := 2.5
h ung := 4.95
R m :=
= 2.586
D aseg
2
s0.com := 0.1
mm
s0.ung := 0.2
mm
d.max.seg.comp :=
2 Eseg
= 365.807 MPa
(3 Cseg) aseg
s0.com
2
D 1
a
seg
2 Eseg
s0.ung
d.max.seg.ung :=
1
= 364.186 MPa
2
3 Cseg) aseg
(
a 1
seg
s := 11.5 10
cil := 23 10
1
K
coeficientii de dilatare ai materialelor segmentului si cilindrului
1
K
usmax :=
usmax :=
)(
D 2asegcompr 2 acompr H2
)(
rezsmax :=
(D 2asegcompr 2 acompr) H2
2
= 18.296MPa
= 5.368 MPa
Tc := 500 K
T0 := 293 K
temperatura initiala
ss.reg :=
s' + D s Ts T0 c Tc T0
1 + s Ts T0
= 0.07
Proiectarea boltului:
di
b :=
= 0.69
d
jpb := 1.1
mm
MPa
Eb := 2.1 10
MPa
p 10
ib.max :=
F'max 1 + 0.5 B + 4 jp
4
1.2 d 1 b
= 192.173MPa
cb :=
b ib.max
Verificarea la forfecare:
Tb.max :=
b.max :=
F'max
2
0.85 Tb.max 1 + b + b
d 1 b
E mai mica decat valoarea minima din intervalul valorilor admisibile de 120 MPa.
F'max FIpmax
2 ll d
F'max FIpmax
ll d
= 35.798MPa
= 71.596MPa
Verificarea la ovalizare:
k := 1.5 15 b 0.4
b1 := 0
b
b
1
1 := 0.19
= 8.375
1 2
1 b
b))
((
F'max 1 k
eb0 :=
lp d
2 := 0.19
ib0 :=
F'max 2 k
lp d
= 271.649 MPa
b2 := 90
( b + 2 ) ( 1 + b )
3 := 0.174
eb90 :=
(1 b)
F'max 3 k
lp d
= 8.588
1 b
= 192.204 MPa
( 2 b + 1) ( 1 + b)
4 := 0.174
0.636
b 1 b
0.636
= 10.198
1 b
ib90 :=
F'max 4 k
lp d
= 228.222 MPa
dmax :=
0.09 F'max
l p Eb
1 + b
Proiectarea bielei:
HB
HBma := 27
HB
-suruburile:41CrNi12: capul se obtine prin strunjire, filetul prin rulare. Surubul se rectifica
Dimensionarea piciorului bielei:
d e.pb := 1.5 d = 33.75
d i.pb := 25 mm
h pb :=
de.pb di.pb
2
= 4.375
mm
S
2
mm
degajarea nominala
Tolerante 0 si -3 mm
mcuz := 0.015 .. 0.03 mm
n cuz := 0.4 mm
Dimensionarea cuzinetilor
B cuz := 23.8 mm
mm
MPa
Eb.pb := 11.5 10
Epb := 2.1 10
MPa
1
b.pb := 1.8 10
p.pb := 10
Tpb := 400 K
T0.pb := 290 K
fe.pb 100 .. 150
MPa
c.pb := 3.75
d e.pb
d i.pb
= 1.35
min
nmax
Fi.pb := 10 mps rm
( 1 + ) = 1.049 104N
30
3
Fc.pb :=
p
10
4 max
R pb := 3
mm
forta de intindere
n max
forta de
mps rm
( 1 + ) = 2.131 104 N compresiune
30
p f.pb :=
S0.pb + ST.pb
di.pb
+ pb
pb
2
2
2
2
d e.pb di.pb
d e.pb d
Epb
Eb.pb
d e.pb + d i.pb
b := 0.0001 d = 2.25 10
d e.pb + d
mm
= 7.102
MPa
presiunea de
fretare
jocul boltului
d 2 d 2
i.pb
e.pb
mP.cb := 1.5 7.85 10 b pbi
= 0.247 kg
2
6
Fi.p.cb := 10
n max
4
( mps + mP.cb) rm
( 1 + ) = 1.698 10 N forta de intindere
30
p.min :=
= 66.428 MPa
b. la compresiune:
2
n max
4
p max 10 ( mps + mP.cb) rm
( 1 + ) = 1.483 10 N
4
30
2
Fc.p.cb :=
forta de compresiune
p.max :=
Fc.p.cb
p
= 58.008 MPa
c. la oboseala:
p.max p.min
a.cbm :=
= 62.218
2
m.cbm :=
p.max + p.min
2
= 4.21
MPa
MPa
amplitudinea tensiunilor
tensiunea medie
obo.cb
c.cb :=
= 13.29
.cb b
m.cb :=
Li.bi
6
d i.pb
2
dfm
7.85 10
2 = 87.3 mm
+ p +
p = 0.097 kg
n max
Fi..cb := 10 ( mps + mP.cb + m.cb ) rm
( 1 + ) = 1.952 104 N forta de intindere
30
3
.min :=
Fi..cb
= 63.064
MPa
b. la compresiune:
2
nmax
pmax 10 ( mps + mP.cb + m.cb ) rm
( 1 + ) = 1.229 104MPa
4
30
2
Fc..cb :=
forta de
compresiune
in planul z-z:
Iz.cb := B bi Hbi
3
5
= 5.384 10 mm
pr.b := 1049MPa
2
L
1 + pr.b bi F
2
I
c..cb
Epb z.cb
.max.z :=
= 41.606 MPa
tensiunea maxima in
planul de miscare z-z
in planul y-y:
2 H B 3 + H B 3
bi2 1.bi
3
4
1.bi bi
Iy.cb :=
= 8.785 10 mm
12
2
1 + pr.b i.bi F
2
4 Iy.cb c..cb
Epb
.max.y :=
= 53.212 MPa
tensiunea maxima in
planul de miscare y-y
a.cbcy :=
m.cbcy :=
c.cby :=
.max.y + .min
2
= 58.138
.cb b
tensiunea medie
= 4.926 MPa
obo.cb
b
amplitudinea tensiunilor
MPa
= 14.321
in planul z:
a.cbcz :=
m.cbcz :=
c.cbz :=
.max.z .min
2
.max.z + .min
2
= 52.335
= 10.729 MPa
obo.cb
b
.cb b
MPa
= 16.722
amplitudinea tensiunilor
tensiunea medie
ac := 180
4
i
Dimensionare:
lm.ac := 24 mm lungimea unui fus maneton
d fm = 52
d p.ac := 57 mm
lpe.ac := 27 mm
lpi.ac := 19 mm
h ac := 6.9
grosimea bratelor
mm
mm
mm
Fi.pg.ac :=
Fi.pg.ac lac
M i.pg.ac :=
= 4.517 10
i.pg.ac := M i.pg.ac
Nmm
32 d fm
4
4
d fm dmi.ac
= 50.081 MPa
MPa
lpi.ac
i.ac :=
h ac
Fi.pg.ac
2
= 12.95mm
aac
b ac h ac
= 277.308
MPa
M i.inc.ac :=
Fi.pg.ac lpi.ac
4
i.inc.ac := M i.inc.ac
= 1.511 10
Nmm
32 d p.ac
dp.ac d pi.ac
= 10.116 MPa
Fg :=
D
4
pmax p0 = 3.117 10
La =15 grade:
:= 15
Frez
4
Fb :=
= 4.102 10 N forta ce actioneaza asupra bielei
cos( )
4
N forta tangentiala
Ft := Fb sin( + ) = 3.491 10
Fm := Fb cos( + ) = 2.155 10 N
forta normala
32 d fm
4
4
d fm d mi.ac
= 64.59
MPa
b. tensiunea de rasucire:
Ft
t.mr.ac :=
r
2 m
16 d fm
d fm d mi.ac
= 34.059
MPa
tensiunea
rezultanta
b. tensiunea de incovoiere:
i1.bm :=
Fm aac
2
h 2 b
ac ac
= 187.88 MPa
i2.bm := Ft rm
d p.ac
2
= 23.214 MPa
h b 2
ac ac
compresiunea maxima
intinderea maxima
b ac
h ac
rezulta ac := 0.953
= 13.565
ac
Ft
t.ac :=
a
2 ac
h ac b ac
2
= 48.337 MPa
tensiunea de torsiune
tensiunea rezultanta
h ac b ac
Ft
i2.mbm :=
r
2 m
hac b ac
2
= 187.88 MPa
= 827.194
MPa
Fm
c.mbm :=
= 16.684
2hac b ac
MPa
= 0.288 MPa
2 aac
2
h ac b ac
2
2
32 dp.ac
4
4
d p.ac d pi.ac
= 13.047
MPa
t.fp.ac := Ft rm
32 d p.ac
dp.ac d pi.ac
= 82.268
MPa
tensiunea rezultanta
MPa
m.fp := 780
MPa
zs.fp := 8
As.fp :=
4
d 4 d
pi.ac obo.fp
16 d p.ac p.ac
zs.fp fp m.fp 50
= 15.319
mm
uperioara a mantalei
forta de intindere