Assignment 1 Report

Banners
A banner ad, or a web banner, is an advertisement displayed into a web page. The
advertisement consists of an image (.jpg, .png, .gif) or of a multimedia object (usually
created using Flash). Physical banners have been used for many years in offline situations to
promote stores, restaurants and services. Online banners are placed on websites in the
same niche as the advertiser but are not competitive, and they contain a link to the
advertiser's website. Whether offline or online, the purposes of advertising banners are
similar. Website banners can be presented in many ways; it could be viewed horizontal or
vertical depending on the website it is being viewed.
Banner ads are intended to generate traffic to a website by linking to it. Also, web banners
can function as regular, print advertisements: inform, notify about a new product, increase
brand awareness and so on. However, most of banners are clickable and their main function
is to get clicked on.

Animates interface elements

When part of your web page or design is not static, but can move or interact with the user,
it is an animated interface element. For example, having a button that changes colour when
the user mouse over it, or a web banner that plays a video.
When creating an animation product there is a few software programs which allow you to
create these animations. The most popular animation program is Adobe Flash. Also the
program Adobe Photoshop also allows you to create animations rather than just creating
graphics. If you do not have these programs, there is free websites out there that provide
simple animations for example gifs and other animations like that for free to download.

Linear and interactive animations

Linear animations are used in TV and film for videos. Interactivity will be taken place when
the user is interacting with the media by either controlling the media. There are significant
differences between the art of animating for linear media such as film and video and the art
of animating for interactive media such as computer and video games. In particular, these
differences arise from the shift from linear characters to autonomous interactive characters.
This article describes differences between linear animation and interactive animation in

several areas of character design -- character intelligence, emotional expressiveness,

navigation, transitions among animations, and multi-character interaction

Promotion
There are many ways to promote brands and products because of the internet. To promote
a brand in the most common way is to create an advert which will be shown on the TV to
the public. To create this the advert must catch the viewers attention and leave the viewer
remembering the name of the product you are selling. The way you can do this is by adding
a strap line which is used in the advert for example the slogan for Nike is Just Do It.
Another way to create a successful advert is to make the advert short because if the advert
is too long the viewer will lose interest and get bored of the advert. One of the most popular
adverts have a good storyline for example the John Lewis Christmas advert which cost
around 3million to create went viral and every knew about the advert.
Digital media which includes Internet, social networking and social media sites, is a modern
way for brands to interact with consumers as it releases news, information and advertising
from the technological of even promoting their brand. Digital media is currently the most
effective way for brands to reach their consumers on a daily basis. Over 2.7 billion people
are online globally, which is about 40% of the world's population. ]67% of all Internet users
globally use social media so this is why social media can play a big part in promoting a
product

Instruction
Instructions on the web can be beneficial to the user and the company. For example,
instructions like Click here for more information is a form of instruction and will be used
as Hyperlinks on websites then when clicked it will be directed to another page. Web
banners are very common for doing this because when an advertisement banner is on a
website the purpose it to make the user click on the banner and this is why they have
buttons that say Click here.
Implementing instructions on my banner will be a benefit to me and the user because if
there is a button the user will be able to click it and it will be redirected to another website.
This is why advertising is a good way to promote my band on websites using a banner.

Information
Information on my web banner will be a vital asset to have. Information can be text material
and graphics, my graphics will contain information such as the dates of the tour and the
location. The graphics will be created in Photoshop. Some information may contain offers
and discounts off a product. I also have information of the web site where to buy the bands
tickets using the web address and making sure that the link has been hyperlinked. Any
information I add to my web banner I need to make sure that I get all my assets from a noncopyright source and any text doesnt strike ethical. The text on my banner will be limited
because I dont want too much information on the banner because it could reveal too much
information about the band so Ive kept the information limited text wise. However, for my
graphics I will make sure that I add plenty of graphics. The fewer words, the better. By
leaving some blank space, the few words that i include will have more of an impact and will
catch the eye of the reader faster and easier. By adding pictures to my ad, it will break up
the words and sometimes a picture will catch a person's eye more than words will. There is
less work and concentration needed for viewing a photo than there is for reading.

Entertainment
The best way to advertise a product is to make it entertaining for the viewer and this
becomes the most effective way because the viewer will remember the advert if they found
it entertaining. On websites such as YouTube there is plenty of entertaining adverts before
the video is played. This depends on the video you are watching because YouTube has
certain adverts for certain videos. To create an entertaining web banner I could include
videos which will engage the viewer more and add animations which will interact with the
user. Both these ways will create more entertainment for my website banner. By making
sure that my banner is entertaining I will need to consider the colour scheme of my banner.
Using colours to make certain things stand out whether it's a single word or a phrase.
Someone is quickly passing and can catch only one thing, it's the most important. This could
be my tour dates or the bands name.

History of animation
The first animated projection (screening) was created in France, by Charles-mile Reynaud,
who was a French science teacher. The early 20th century marks the beginning of theatrical
showings of cartoons, especially in the United States and France. Many animators form
studios, with Bray Studios in New York proving the most successful of this era. Bray helped
launch the careers of the cartoonists that created Mighty Mouse, Betty Boop, and Woody
Woodpecker. In 1906 marks the first entirely animated film, using stop-motion
photography to create action which was Historically and technically, the first animated film
in other words, the earliest animated film ever made on standard motion-picture film was
Humorous Phases of Funny Faces (1906) by newspaper cartoonist J. Stuart Blackton, one of
the co-founders of the Vitagraph Company.

The most famous animation movies is Wallace and Gromit which is made from Claymation
which is another animation used for films. Wallace and Gromit is a British clay animation
comedy series created by Nick Park of Aardman Animations
Traditional animation also known as Hand drawn is an animation technique where each
frame is drawn by hand. The technique was the dominant form of animation in cinema until
the advent of computer animation. In the traditional animation process, animators will
begin by drawing sequences of animation on sheets of transparent paper perforated to fit
the peg bars in their desks, often using colored pencils, one picture or "frame" at a time. The
key animator draws enough of the frames to get across the major points of the action; in a
sequence of a character jumping across a gap, the key animator may draw a frame of the
character as he is about to leap, two or more frames as the character is flying through the
air, and the frame for the character landing on the other side of the gap.

Flick books
A flip book or flick book is a book with a series of pictures that vary gradually from one page
to the next, so that when the pages are turned rapidly, the pictures appear to animate by
simulating motion or some other change. Flip books are often illustrated books for children,
but may also be geared towards adults and employ a series of photographs rather than
drawings. The motion picture industry came into being in the 1890s, and the technology of
making movies has changed dramatically since then. Flick books take a long time because
every page has to be drawn exactly the same as the other page to create this animated
effect.

Animated cartoons
An animated cartoon is a film for the cinema, television or computer screen, which is made
using sequential drawings, as opposed to animations in general, which include films made
using clay, puppet and other means. Walt Disney's 1928 cartoon Steamboat Willie starring

Mickey Mouse was the first to use a click track during the recording session, which produced
better synchronism. A classic animator in the early days of cinema was Walt Disney,
originally an advertising cartoonist at the Kansas City Film Ad Company, who initially
experimented with combining animated and live-action films. The very first films he made
himself at his own animation studio in Kansas City were short cartoons called Newman
Laugh-O-Grams, such as Little Red Riding Hood (1922)
Nowadays animated films are generated from computers because the technology has
evolved in the last 10 years. Computers can create animation using different programs and
softwares much quicker and efficient. Normally for cartoons artists are hired to actually
draw the cartoon then it is generated onto a computer and turned into an animation.

Animation Process
On animations for films and websites there is always a target audience which will be
decided before they create the animation. The process of animation is long and complex. A
typical Pixar animation takes four to five years to complete. Pixar's process is based on a few
simple approaches. Films are visually developed, meaning their process is one that
celebrates visual presentation rather than narrative. They use traditional skills, like drawing,
painting, sculpture and storytelling in their planning process.
Storyboards are like a hand-drawn version of the movie and serve as the blueprint for the
action and dialogue. Each storyboard artist receives script pages, a map of the characters'
emotional changes that need to be seen through actions. Using these as guidelines, the
artists assign sequences, draw them out and then "pitch" their work to the director.
Pixar's proprietary animation software, is used to create three-dimensional computer
models of characters, props and sets. These computer models describe the shape of the
object as well as the motion controls that the animators use to create movement and
expressions.

Graphic information

Gif format supports up to 8 bits per pixel for each image, allowing a single image to
reference its own palette of up to 256 different colors chosen from the 24-bit RGB color
space. It also supports animations and allows a separate palette of up to 256 colors for each
frame. These palette limitations make the GIF format less suitable for reproducing color
photographs and other images with continuous color, but it is well-suited for simpler images
such as graphics or logos with solid areas of color.
Unlike JPG files, GIF files support transparent backgrounds. This allows GIF files to blend
with website background colours. However, since pixels can only be 100% transparent or
100% opaque, you cannot use them for partial transparency, drop shadows, and similar
effects. To achieve that, PNG files are best.
Gif format are mainly compatible with every software because they are really common for
web browsers to contain gif files.
My banner will be a gif format because it can easily be uploaded to websites and will be
supported.
GIF is the only widely used image format to support animation, unless you want to use
FLASH or other vector-based animation formats. GIF provides an effective way of
distributing small animations. A GIF file can contain more than one image. With certain
software packages (most web browsers and image viewers), multiple-image GIFs can be
played back as animations.

Animation

Persistence of vision refers to the optical illusion whereby multiple discrete images blend
into a single image in the human mind and believed to be the explanation for motion
perception in cinema and animated films. Like other illusions of visual perception.
Animation is the art of creating the optical illusion of moving pictures. When a set of related
images are shown rapidly one after another, people sense them as one continuous motion
picture. This is the principle behind all motion images such as video, graphics and film.
It is when our eye has the ability to persist for 1/16 of a second after the image has been
removed. It is used in animation to show fluent movement, normally every two frames one
picture would be shown, so for every 24frames/s 12
There are many types of animation which rely on persistence of vision. Some of these include:
Praxinoscope
Zoetrope
Thaumatrope

Claymation
Whether you realize it or not, you've probably seen clay animation many times. Some of the
most famous clay animation characters include Gumby and Pokey, Wallace and Gromit and
the California Raisins. Clay animation got its start way back in 1897 when modeling clay was
invented. Artists began to sculpt characters out of clay. They would then take multiple still
pictures of the character, moving the character slightly in between each picture. When
those pictures were displayed quickly in succession, they created the illusion of movement.
The first clay animation film The Sculptor's Welsh Rarebit Dream was produced in 1908
by Edison Manufacturing.
The most popular Claymation films are the likes of Wallace and Gromit. These films take a
long time because the amount of time it takes to film each frame.

Stop Motion
Stop motion is an animation technique that physically manipulates an object that appears to
move on its own. The object is moved in small increments between individually

photographed frames, creating the illusion of movement when the series of frames is played
as a continuous sequence.
In animation stop motion animation is a cinematic process, or technique used to makes static
objects appear as if they were moving. This technique is commonly used in Claymation and puppetbased animation. The objects are brought to life by breaking up the figure's motion into increments
and filming one frame of film per increment.

Stop motion animation can be thought of as just a series of still photographs. Objects or
puppets are moved and filmed frame by frame to simulate movement. Films like the original
King Kong and Star Wars made heavy use of stop motion animation using miniatures and
puppets. This was the only way to bring objects that cannot move by themselves to life on
screen.

Computer generated
Computer-generated imagery (CGI for short) is the application of computer graphics to
create or contribute to images in art, printed media, video games, films, television
programs, shorts, commercials, videos, and simulators.
Is a subset of both computer graphics and animation technologies. It is the creation of
moving images (animation) using computer technology. Computer animation is broken
down into two categories. Computer-generated animation where the animation is designed
solely on the computer system using animation and 3D graphics software, and computerassisted animation where traditional animations are computerized.
Computer graphics software is used to make computer-generated imagery for films, etc.
Availability of CGI software and increased computer speeds have allowed individual artists
and small companies to produce professional-grade films, games, and fine art from their
home computers.

Frame Rate

Frame rate, also known as frame frequency, is the frequency rate at which an
imaging device displays consecutive images called frames. The term applies equally
to film and video cameras, computer graphics, and motion capture systems. Frame
rate is expressed in frames per second (FPS).

Since 1927 the standard frame rate for films has been 24fps. For TV the standard is
30fps and it is for many countries. Videos on websites such as YouTube can go up to
120fps but most devices cannot play this because it is not supported over 60fps.
60fps is the most common for mobile phones and computers.

When viewing a video in 60 fps rather than 30 fps you can see the different because
the video is a lot smoother and is a more enjoyable experience. 60 fps video clips are
easier to edit as well because when slowing down a video In 30 fps it is shutters
instead of looking smooth like the 60fps version. When editing videos there is always
options in professional programs such as Adobe Premiere. They have options on
what resolution you want to render and what frame rate you want to render.

Onion skinning
Onion skinning is a 2D computer graphics term for a technique used in creating animated
cartoons and editing movies to see several frames at once. This way, the animator or editor
can make decisions on how to create or change an image based on the previous image in
the sequence. Onion Skins are an editing option that lets you view many Frames at once. In
the Timeline you ordinarily only see the contents of the current Frame. Onion Skins enables
you to see the progression of an animation.

Tweening
Tweening is the process of generating intermediate frames between two images to give the
appearance that the first image evolves smoothly into the second image. Tweening is a key
process in all types of animation, including computer animation. Sophisticated animation
software enables you to identify specific objects in an image and define how they should
move and change during the tweening process.
For example, you can place a symbol left of the Stage in frame 1, and move it to the right of
the Stage in frame 20. When you create a tween, Animate calculates all the positions of the
movie clip in between. The result is an animation of the symbol moving from left to right,
from frame 1 to frame 20. In each frame in between, Animate moves the movie clip one
20th of the distance across the Stage.
Classic tweens use key frames. Key frames are frames in which a new instance of an object
appears. Motion tweens can only have one object instance associated with them and use
property key frames instead of key frames.
A motion tween consists of one target object over the entire tween span. Classic tween
allows tweening between two key frames, containing instances of the same or different
symbols.

Digital Animation

Raster images
Raster graphics are digital images created or captured (for example, by scanning in a photo)
as a set of samples of a given space. A raster image file identifies which of these coordinates
to illuminate in monochrome or color values. The raster file is sometimes referred to as a
bitmap because it contains information that is directly mapped to the display grid.
A raster file is usually larger than a vector graphics image file. A raster file is usually difficult
to modify without loss of information, although there are software tools that can convert a
raster file into a vector file for refinement and changes. Examples of raster image file types
are: BMP, TIFF, GIF, and JPEG files.
Fortunately, there are several image compression algorithms that have been developed to
help reduce these file sizes. JPEG and GIF are the most common compressed image formats
on the Web, but several other types of image compression are available.
Raster graphics can typically be scaled down with no loss of quality, but enlarging a bitmap
image causes it to look blocky and "pixelated." For this reason, vector graphics are often
used for certain images, such as company logos, which need to be scaled to different sizes.

File formats

A file format is a standard way that information is encoded for storage in a computer
file. It specifies how bits are used to encode information in a digital storage medium.
File formats may be either proprietary or free and may be either unpublished or
open.

Images can be saved in a variety of file formats. Different file formats exist because
some are better at certain tasks than others.

Graphics packages allow the user to save their work in compatible file formats that
can be used in a variety of software programs - eg .jpg, .gif, .tiff. Most digital cameras
automatically save photographs as .jpg.

There are as many different file formats as there are different programs to process
the files. A few of the more common file formats are:

Word documents (.doc)

Web text pages (.htm or .html)

Web page images (.gif and .jpg)

Adobe Acrobat files (.pdf)

Executable programs (.exe)

Multimedia files (.mp3 and others)

SWF

SWF is a file extension for a Shockwave Flash file format created by Macromedia and
now owned by Adobe. SWF stands for Small Web Format.

SWF files can contain video and vector based animations and sound and are
designed for efficient delivery over the web. SWF files can be viewed in a web
browser using the Flash plug in. SWF files can be viewed in a web browser using the
Flash plugin. Winzip and other Windows utilities can be used to open them.

SWF is actually not a video format. It is used for animations mainly used in the
program flash.S WF files are commonly used to bring animated graphics, video, and
sound to the web. They are also a popular means of delivering browser-based
games. Because SWF files contain compiled ActionScript and compressed media,
they are not meant to be edited. To modify a Flash animation, it is recommended to
edit the original .FLA file instead.

SWF (pronounced "Swiff") was originally an acronym for "Shockwave Flash" since the
SWF format was designed for Shockwave Player.

Compression
Lossy

Refers to data compression techniques in which some amount of data is lost. Lossy
compression technologies attempt to eliminate redundant or unnecessary
information. Most video compression technologies, such as MPEG, use a lossy
technique. We use compression to make files smaller, allowing them to download
faster and take up less storage space.

If were just uploading these files to a social network or placing them on a website,
we dont want these image files to take up so much space. A raw video could take up
hundreds of megabytes of space. RAW formats may be used by professional video
editors to keep image quality high during the editing process, but theyre not
intended for the average person.

After compressing the video as lossy you cant get the original file back so youre
stuck with the lossy compression so this means you cannot compress programs and
software's because it could damage the program and you cant redo the method.

Famous lossy codecs include MPEG1, MPEG2, MPEG4 (AKA DivX3.11, DivX4/5, XviD,
Quicktime MPEG4), DV (and its variants DVCAM, DVCPRO, DVCPRO50, Digital-S, etc),
Windows Media Video, RealVideo, Sorenson, Indeo, and the classic Cinepak.

If a video has been compressed in lossy it will change the video quality and could
make it less quality as the original version.

Lossless

Few lossless video formats are in common consumer use, as they would result in
video files taking up a huge amount of space. Common formats like H.264, MKV, and
WMV are all lossy. H.264 can provide smaller files with higher qualities than previous
generations of video codecs because it has a smarter algorithm thats better at
choosing the data to throw out.

Lossless compression is a class of data compression algorithms that allows the

original data to be perfectly reconstructed from the compressed data. By contrast,
lossy compression permits reconstruction only of an approximation of the original
data, though this usually improves compression rates (and therefore reduces file
sizes).

Lossless data compression is used in many applications. For example, it is used in the
ZIP file format. It is also often used as a component within lossy data compression
technologies.

Depending on what compression method you use if it is lossless this means you will
not lose the quality of the video you had prefer, all it does it compress the video file
to a smaller size and wont effect the quality.

Downloading

Downloading is the transmission of a file from one computer system to another,

usually smaller computer system. From the Internet user's point-of-view, to
download a file is to request it from another computer (or from a Web page on
another computer) and to receive it.

If downloading in large files it could take a while depending on your internet

connection and the website you are downloading information. If you want to
download videos from websites such as YouTube there is various of different

websites you can download videos from. However when downloading videos you
need to consider copyright and make sure you arent breaking any laws.

Downloading movies is only one of two ways to get video content from the net. You
can download it (save it to your computer) or you can stream it (watch it online) via
a catch-up or on-demand service. Lots of sites and providers offer video for
streaming and downloading.

A lot of the film downloading websites are illegal such as Torrent sites. These sites
allow you to download movies and other media to your computer without paying.
This is illegal and you could be fined for doing this.

Web animation software

QuickTime

QuickTime is Apples multiplatform, multimedia technology for handling video,

sound, animation, graphics, text, interactivity, and music. As a cross-platform
technology, QuickTime can deliver content on Mac OS and Windows computers.
Many applications, including Final Cut Pro, use the powerful architecture of
QuickTime to view, create, import, and export media.

QuickTime supports most major video, audio, and graphics file formats. It works
with local disk-based media, media accessed over a network, and streams of realtime data. QuickTime supports a wide variety of video and audio codecs and can be
extended with third-party codecs. Quicktime files can be recognized by their file
name extensions: qt, mov, and moov

most Mac applications that include video or animation. PCs can also run files in
QuickTime format, but they require a special QuickTime driver. QuickTime supports
most encoding formats, including Cinepak, JPEG, and MPEG. QuickTime is competing
with a number of other standards, including AVI and ActiveMovie.

Flash Player

Adobe Flash Player is freeware software for using content created on the Adobe
Flash platform, including viewing multimedia Internet applications, and streaming
video and audio. Flash Player can run from a web browser as a browser plug-in or on
supported mobile devices. Flash Player was created by Macromedia and has been
developed and distributed by Adobe Systems since Adobe acquired Macromedia.
Flash player is required for websites such as YouTube which contain a video.

Flash Player runs SWF files, an Adobe Flash file format for displaying "animated"
vector graphics on the Web. SWF file formats allow audio, video and several other
possible forms of interaction with the end user. Once files are created, they can be
played by the Adobe Flash Player, working either as a browser plugin or as a
standalone player.

There are a number of mobile operating systems that support Flash Player usage as a
standalone application or within an Internet browser. Apple iOS, Android and
BlackBerry Tablet OS are among devices that support Flash Player as a standalone
application

Players

Windows Media Player (abbreviated WMP) is a media player and media library
application developed by Microsoft that is used for playing audio, video and viewing
images on personal computers running the Microsoft Windows operating system

WMP uses the WMV , WMA and ASF file formats to encode audio and video
downloaded from the Internet or ripped from compact discs or other storage media.

Recent versions of WMP also include the ability to synchronize digital media with a
portable media player

Windows Media Player is offered as a free download from Microsoft's Web site, with
the exception of the mobile version of the software, which only ships with Windows
Mobile devices.

Windows Media Player also enables you to view vidoes and audio files such as music.
Most applications used are supported by windows media player and is highly used in
the windows operating system because it is already pre installed on the operating
system.