9/20/2015

DesignofSanitarySewerNetworks
CIVL5995ProjectI

AhmadSana
DepartmentofCivilandArchitecturalEngineering
SultanQaboosUniversity,Oman

SeparateSanitaryandstormwatersewer
systems

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Sanitarysewersystem

Typical
manholes

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DesignofSewerNetwork
Asewersystemisanetworkofpipesusedtoconvey
stormrunoffand/orwastewaterinanarea.
Thedesignofsewersysteminvolvesthe
determinationof
diameters,
slopes,and
crownorinvertelevationsforeachpipeinthesystem

Constraints and assumptions

Free surface flow exits for the design discharges; that

is, the sewer system is designed for gravity flow; pumping
stations and pressurized sewers should be avoided as much
as possible

The sewers are of commercially available circular sizes

The design diameter is the smallest commercially

available pipe having flow capacity equal to or greater
than the design discharge and satisfying all the
appropriate constraints

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Constraints and assumptions

Sewers must be placed at a depth such that they

will not be susceptible to frost,
will be able to drain basements, and
will have sufficient cushioning to prevent breakage
due to ground surface loading.

To these ends, minimum cover depths must be

specified.
The sewers are joined at junctions such that the crown
elevation of the upstream sewer is not lower than that
of the downstream sewer

Constraints and assumptions

To prevent or reduce excessive deposition of solid

material in the sewers, a minimum permissible flow
velocity at design discharge or at barely fullpipe
gravity flow is specified
To prevent scour and other undesirable effects of high
velocity flow, a maximum permissible flow velocity is
also specified
At any junction or manhole, the downstream sewer
cannot be smaller than any of the upstream sewers at
that junction
The sewer system is a dendritic, or branching, network
converging in the downstream direction without
closed loops

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Sewerhydraulics
h

D

1 cos

2
2

2 sin

AD

D
2

A A
Q
n P

2/3

S 01/ 2

sin 5 / 3 20.16nQ 0
2/3

D 8 / 3 S 01/ 2

MainSpecifications
Minimumvelocity(selfcleansingvelocity)=0.6m/s
Maximumvelocity=3.5m/s
Minimumpipediameter=150mm.
Sanitarysewersupto375mmdiametershouldbedesignedto
runhalffull.
Largerpipesmayrunthreefourthsfull.

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Sulfidegeneration
Z 0.308

EBOD P

S 00.5 Q 0.33 B

EBOD BOD 1.07T 20

B Top width of flow

BOD 5 - day BOD

Q Discharge

S 0 Slope of the sewer

Zvalues
Z<5,000
5,000<Z<10,000
Z>10,000

P Wetted perimeter
SulfideCondition
Sulfide rarely generated
Marginal condition for sulfide
generation
Sulfide generation common

DesignSteps
Step1 Topographicalmap
Obtainordevelopamapofthecontributingarea
Addlocationandlevelofexistingorproposeddetailssuchas:
Contours
Physicalfeatures(e.g.wadis)
Roadlayout
Buildings
Sewersandotherservices
Outfallpoint(e.g.nearlowestpoint,nexttoreceivingwater
body)

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DesignSteps
Step2 Preliminaryhorizontallayout
Sketchpreliminarysystemlayout(horizontalalignment):
locatepipessothatallpotentialuserscanreadilyconnect
intothesystem
trytolocatepipesperpendiculartocontours
trytofollownaturaldrainagepatterns
locatemanholesinreadilyaccessiblepositions

Step3 Preliminarysewersizing
Establishpreliminarypipesizesandgradients

DesignSteps
Step4 Preliminaryverticallayout
Drawpreliminarylongitudinalprofiles(verticalalignment):
Ensurepipesaredeepenoughsoalluserscanconnectinto
thesystem
trytolocatepipesparalleltothegroundsurface
ensurepipesarriveaboveoutfalllevel
avoidpumpingifpossible

Step5 Reviselayout
Revisethehorizontaland/orverticalalignmenttominimizesystem
costbyreducingpipe:
Lengths
Sizes
depths