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SPE 37001
Tubing Size Optimization
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This paper was FC3PWedfor presentation at the 1996 SPE Asia PacfIc 011and Gas Conference
held In Adelalde, Austlalla, 28-31 October 19S6
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Tfw abstract should contain cnnspmous acknowledgment of where and by whom the paper IS
wsenled Mite Lix+nan, SPE, P O Box 833WS Rd?ardson, TX 7Soe3-3+33S U S A, fax 01214.952.9436
Abstract
Theoretical
Background
Refer to the result of the study, the tubing in 7 (seven) gas wells
were changed tlom 2 3/8 to 3 I/2. This project resulted in 50
MMCFD gas deliverability increase. The actual results agreed
closely with the predictions and demonstrated the accuracy of
the methods used.
Introduction
367
2
3,06
9= =
where
Vg
generally accepted as the best correlation for wet gas wells. The
Gray correlation was developed from data on 108 wet gas cases,
mostly medium to high rate gas wells. The minimum wellhead
flowing pressure used to develop the correlation was 224 psig.
This correlation describes the pressure drop accurately over a
wide range of tubing sizes and water cuts in high-pressure
wells4). However, in wells with low well head flowing pressure
and low rates, the Gray correlation presents a problem. Field
results show that the Gray correlation under predicts the actual
flowing bottom hole pressure4~.
(1)
Tz
= 5.62
(67
-0.0031
(0,0031
P)
(2)
P)*
Determination
of Reservoir Abandonment
Pressure. Reservoir abandonment pressure can be estimated from Nodal
Analysis as the reservoir pressure where the inflow and tubing
performance curves will no longer intersect. At this point, Nodal
Analysis shows that the wellbore will load-up and the well will
die.
klr (P
~.
T p z [In (0.472
Determination
+ S + Dq]
Tubing
Size
(3)
Tubing Performance.
A tubing performance curve is a
prediction of the flowing bottomhole pressure at various gas
rates at a constant flowing wellhead pressure. A tubing performance curve is a function of fluid propefiies, tubing size, depth
and temperature. The tubing performance curves can be
developed using vertical single or two-phase flow correlations.
The Gray correlation
of the Optimum
The Turner Model shows that for wells producing less than i 30
Bbl/MMSCF of liquid, load up does not depend on how much
liquid the well makes but is a function of the production rate. In
other words a well that makes 50 Bbl/MMscf is not any more
likely to load up than a well that makes 5 Bbl/MMscf provided
both wells produce above the Turner critical flowrate.
2Pw f*)
rc/rw)
SPE 37001
Model
Development,
As shown in Eq.3, reservoir inflow
performance is strongly affected by permeability thickness (kb)
and skin factor, Our analysis shows that for gas rates below 25
368
SPE 37001
.
Application
of the Model,
A database of340
VICO
wells was
A
D
h
k
P
P,
Pwf
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
~
%
rW
r,
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
n
z
P
Acknowledgments
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10
11
12.
13.
370
SPE 37001
SPE 3700!
TABLE
Completion
Condensate
Condensate
1 -AVERAGE
Depth
Yield
Gravity
Gas Specific
Gravity
(ft)
( BbllMMscf
9166
8.2
dimensionless
45
dimensionless
Water
Yield
( Bbl/MMscf
0.7
3.6
Water
Gravity
dimensionless
1.01
dimensionless
=
=
0.51
2000
0.05
Skin
Factor
Wellbore
Drainage
Radius
Radiua
Non Darcy
Fig.
1-
(ft)
Coefficient
East
(ft)
( d/MMscf
Kalimantan
371
Oil and
Gas
18.5
Fields
<.-
A
.-
.. .-
..,*
.
,.
%
,
.
.,-.
---/
..*
m
.
SPE 37001
.:
..
0,1
Calculated Mlnimu;
Fig. 2- Critical
10
Flowrate [MMacfd)
Rate Database
..
Iu
Gas
gravity
= 0.7
a
7
6
5
4
3
1
1
250
Soo
750
1000
FTHP
Fig. 3- Critical
Flowrate
372
12s0
1S00
17S0
2000
2250
2S00
(psig)
for different
tubing sizes
SPE 37oO1
500
L
Turners
critical
rate
<
original
interpretation
1.. . ~.,
1501
0.0
200
400
x.,
.
600
. ........
1000
800
Fig. 4-
I&x
Determination
of Reservoir
Abandonment
Pressure
.0
a
4C0
2C0 .
lax
Zom
4CJ20
woo
6JXQ
7000
Eml
k h ( md-ft)
Fig. 5-
Effect
Case
373
Pressure
System
(150
psig)
9m
SPE 37001
%00
...........EEEEl
.-..............
1400
lzoo
~
woo
2
n
no
800
600
400
200
Oi
moo
2000
3000
4000
6000
5000
7000
8000
9000
k h ( md-ft)
Fig. 6-
Effect
Case
Pressure
System
(150
psig)
600
!400
g
w
n
1300
--.
----
W@w YIe1d=lWBBUMM8d
800
n
CL
600
--------
. . --------
--------
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -----
400
200
0
0
woo
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
k h (md-ft)
Fig. 7-
Effect
Case
374
Pressure
System
(150
psig)
9000
SPE 37oo1
2-3/8
u
Zm
(199S ID)
312
-..
(2.992 ID)
- 4-K? (3.9W
Iq
a
!03,
-------
k h ( md-ft)
Fig. 8-
Abandonment
Pressure
2m
for different
tubing
sizes
2-?W(l
SQYID)
&
V2(29WlD}
------
4- VZ(39WID)
El
txo.
tire.
o
0
a-n)
Uml
am
k h ( md-ft)
Fig. 9- Abandonment
Pressure for different tubing sizes
Case : Medium Pressure Gas System (375 psig)
375
L?mJ
10
SPE 37001
4000
2-3/8
I
I
I
3%)0
3000
\:
(1.99S ID)
-
2.7/8 (244~
3.
----
K? (2.992
.--4
ID)
ID)
-W(3958ID)
2530
2000
ao
2000
4000
6000
8000
Qooo
moo
k h ( md-ft)
Fig.
10-
Abandonment
Case : High
MP Gas System
Pressure
for different
tubing sizes
Pressure
Gas System
(950 psig)
(375
pslg FTHP)
P-
c9ia3v2,
&
ActW4Daa3-v2
Mualc91a2-38
msl
mm
4(J3I
em
12col
KoM
k h ( md-ft)
Fig. 11 -Abandonment
Theoretical
Pressure
vs Actual
376
for2-3/8
Field Data
and
3-112
tbg
SPE 37001
11
..-
Boo
9000
4 Eao
8000
4000
moo
3520
6000
5000
4000
\
\-
two
3000
-%
2000
moo
XIO
moo .
0,
3
Yea r
R,te@cur
Fig. 12-
(m!
tb, ng
Well
Rale
L43
Deliverability
l/~Tub,
ng
Forecast
377
Aclu,lf
late,
2 3/8
--
. --
WHPd,
vs 3 1/2
urren!tbo
tubing
flHPrJf3
(Well
1{2 TLw
A)