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The American Academy of Neurology and Child Neurology Society have also produced
red flags for ASD.If any of these are present, they recommend further evaluation:
No babbling or pointing or other gesture by 12 months
No single words by 16 months
No 2-word spontaneous (not echolalic) phrases by 24 months
Loss of language or social skills at any age.
Malaysia- Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT)
DIAGNOSIS
Diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder should be made clinically based on comprehensive
history and observation. Diagnostic tools may be used to assist in the clinical diagnosis such
as:
PHARMACOLOGICAL INTERVENTION
Potential therapies for symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity in children with ASD
include stimulant medications (eg,methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine)
alpha-2 adrenergic agonists (eg, guanfacine), atomoxetine,
atypical antipsychotics (eg, risperidone)
anticonvulsant mood stabilizers (eg, valproic acid)
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) may be helpful if anxiety is contributing to
symptoms. SSRI also may be used for repetitive behaviors, and depression.
BEHAVIORAL AND EDUCATIONAL INTERVENTIONS
target the core symptoms ASD with an objective of improving overall function
primary component of treatment programs for ASD
The interventions typically are carried out by special education personnel or trained
therapists.
Although treatment programs for children with ASD vary, they generally focus on
similar objectives. The overarching goals of treatment are to:
Maximize functioning
Move the child toward independence
Improve the quality of life for the child and family
INTERVENTIONAL MODELS
However, the types of interventions provided within these programs often overlap.
OTHER INTERVENTIONS
Communication interventions
Deficits in social function are one of the core deficits of ASD, and social skills
instruction is an important component of management.
The 2009 National Autism Center's National Standards Report identified four
therapies that directly target social skills for which there is evidence of benefit
from several well-controlled studies. These include:
Peer training package (including, but not limited to peer networks, peer
initiation training, and peer-mediated social interventions)
Occupational therapy
o
Traditional OT
In older children the focus of occupational therapy may include social and
behavioral performance and transition to work and independence in the
community.