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I. I NTRODUCTION
A. History
The rapid development of microstrip antenna technology
began in the late 1970s. By the early 1980s basic microstrip
antenna elements and arrays were fairly well established in
terms of design and modeling. One of these applications
involved the use of microstrip antennas for integrated phased
array systems, as the printed technology of microstrip antenna
seemed perfectly suited to low-cost and high-density. The
straightforward approach of building an integrated millimeter
wave array (or subarray) using a single GaAs substrate layer
had several drawbacks. First, there is generally not enough
space on a single layer to hold antenna elements, active phase
shifter and amplifier circuitry, bias lines, and RF feed lines.
Second, the high permittivity of a semiconductor substrate
such as GaAs was a poor choice for antenna bandwidth, since
the bandwidth of a microstrip antenna is best for low dielectric
constant substrates. And if substrate thickness is increased in
an attempt to improve bandwidth.[xx]
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B. Theoretical framework
Radiation from an opening in a ground plane can be analyzed by the equivalence theorem from electrical and magnetic
currents.
~ M
~ s = nx
~
E
J~s = n
xH
A slot is an opening in a plane in one of the two dimensions
compared to the wavelength (fig 1).
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growing most rapidly in the comercial sector. While specifications for defense and space application antennas typically
emphasize maximum performance with little constraint on
cost, commercial applications demand low cost components,
often at the expense of reduced electrical performance. Thus,
microstrip antennas for commercial systems require low-cost
materials, and simple and inexpensive fabrication techniques.
IV. PARAMETRIC STUDY AND OPTIMIZATION
In this section discuss the influence of various parameters
on the response of ACMPA. The antenna structure is analyzed
and optimized using transmission-line matrix (TLM). As the
aperture length is reduced the input resistance of the antenna is
decreases. This might be thought of as decreasing the coupling
factor between the feed line and the antenna. This analysis
shows that slot length mostly affects the return loss, but it
slightly affects the resonant frequency of antenna as well.
The open stub length can be adjusted to obtain the desired
reactants and the aperture length can be adjusted to obtain the
desired resistive part of the impedance. It is also of interest to
analyze the influence of feed substrate dielectric constant and
the thickness on the return loss and resonant frequency. As
dielectric constant and thickness are varied in these analysis
the feed line width and stub length are modified to maintain
a characteristic impedance of 50 and a stub length of g/4.
V. BANDWIDTH ENHANCEMENT OF ANTENNA
Aperture coupled micro strip patch discussed above has a
number of useful properties, but one of the serious limitation
of this antenna is its narrow bandwidth characteristic. But
it is possible to increase the bandwidth by using impedance
matching networks or some other feeding techniques(fig 8).
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Fig. 8: Stup in the antenna scheme
VI. F INAL MODEL OF FABRICATION
Initial values of slot length, stub length, patch length and
width, and feed line width for given resonant frequency,
dielectric constant and substrate The low cost antenna is
of compact size and easy to fabricate using conventional
photolithography technique.
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Fig. 9: Graphic design of the antenna completed
The fields in the patch extend beyond the physical dimensions
of the patch. Based on the transmission - line model analysis,
a design procedure is outlined which leads to practical design
of microstrip antennas.
VII. C ONCLUSION
R EFERENCES
[1] Constantine A. Balanis: ANTENNA THEORY Analysis and Design
Editorial John Wiley Sons, Inc.
[2] Pozar, D.M. Microwave Engineering, 4th edition, John Wiley Sons
[Online]
Available:
http://www.electron.frba.utn.edu.ar/jcecconi/
Bibliografia/Ocultos/Libros/Microwave Engineering David M Pozar
4ed Wiley 2012.pdf/
[3] A Review of Aperture Coupled Microstrip Antennas: History, Operation,
Development, and Applications, by Professor David M. Pozar [Online]
Available: http://www.ecs.umass.edu/ece/pozar/aperture.pdf/
[4] D. M. Pozar, A Microstrip Antenna Aperture Coupled to a
Microstrip Line, Electronics Letters, Vol. 21, pp. 49-50, January
17, 1985 [Online] Available:http://https://www.google.com.ec/url?
sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=8&cad=rja&uact=8&
ved=0ahUKEwjXg zjzLDMAhUK1B4KHY2wCUAQFghTMAc&
url=http%3A%2F%2Fresearch.sabanciuniv.edu%
2F16415%2F1%2FPIERS2010 optimization.pdf&usg=
AFQjCNHHFC5e0B7MhLJ2Zt34Tymiq9hqRA&bvm=bv.120853415,d.
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