Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Cuprins
Clasa Pyrrophyta (Dinophyta)
Alexandrium monilatum (Howel) F.J.R.Taylor 1979
Gymnodinium uberrimum (Allman) (Kofoid et Swezy 1921)
Clasa Prasynophcea
Mantoniella squamata (Manton et Parke 1960) Desikachary
Clasa Prymnesiophyceae
Phaeocystis pouchetii (Hariot) Langerheim, 1893
Clasa Centrophyceae
Rhizosolenia calcar-avis M. Schultze, 1858
Clasa Phaeophyta
Desmarestia viridis (O.F.Mller) Lamouroux
Pterydophyta Clasa Polypodiopsida
Azolla mexicana C. Presl (Azolla caroliniana Wild. Auct.)
Azolla filiculoides Lamarck
Ciliophora - Peritrichida
Trichodina reticulata Hirschmann et Partsch, 1955
Cestoda
Bothriocephalus acheilognathii Yamaguti, 1934
Nematoda
Baylisascaris procyonis
Porifera, Clasa Demospongiae
Microciona cleistochela (Topsent, 1925)
Coelenterata, Clasa Hydrozoa
Garveia franciscana (Torrey, 1902)
Rathkea octopunctata (Sars, 1835)
Blackfordia virginica (Mayer, 1910)
Eudoxoides spiralis (Bigelow, 1911)
Coelenterata, Clasa Anthozoa
Haliplanella (Diadumene) lineata (Verrill, 1869)
Ctenophora
Mnemiopsis leidyi (Agassiz 1900)
Leucothea multicornis (Escholtz)
Beroe ovata (Bruguiere 1789)
Cirripedia
Lepas anatifera L.
Verruca spengleri Darwin, 1854
Chthamallus stellatus Poli 1795
Chthamalus montagui Southward, 1976
Balanus improvisus Darwin 1854
Balanus eburneus Gould 1841
Balanus amphitrite Darwin 1854
Balanus trigonus Darwin 1854
Balanus perforatus Bruguire, 1789
Balanus crenatus Bruguire, 1789.
Megabalanus tintinnabulum (Linnaeus, 1758)
Megabalanus coccopoma (Darwin, 1854)
Elminius modestus (Darwin, 1854)
Isopoda
Sphaeroma walkeri (Stebbing 1905)
Decapoda
Palaemon macrodactylus (Rathbun, 1902)
Marsupenaeus japonicus (Bate, 1888)
Pandalus latirostris (Rathbun 1902)
Pandalus kessleri (Quinitio et al. 1989)
Penaeus semisulcatus (de Haan 1844 )
Rhithropanopeus harrisii tridentatus (Maitland, 1874)
Eriocheir sinensis (Milne Edwards 1854)
Callinectes sapidus (Rathbun 1896)
Hemigrapsus sanguineus (de Haan, 1835)
Dyspanopeus sayi (Smith, 1869)
Orconectes limosus (Rafinesque, 1817)
Pacifastacus leniusculus (Dana 1852)
Areal nativ: coastele atlantice ale Americii de Nord, din Golful Mexic i Marea Caraibilor dar si coastele
pacifice ale Americii de Sud (Ecuador)
Areal invaziv: Marea Mediterana, Marea Neagra; citata la litoralul bulgar (Golful Varna) unde a produs
cteva fenomene de nflorire n anii 1991 1999. Densitile nregistrate - de la 1 x 106 celule/m2 la 2,67 x
106 celule/m2. Specie potenial invaziv pentru Romnia.
Cai de patrundere: Apa de balast a navelor
Impact: Specie toxic
Cai de combatere: controlul apelor de santina pentru prevenirea ptrunderii; dupa ptrundere nu exista
metode de compbatere.
Bibliografie:
Areal nativ: n toate bazinele dulcicole europene, est-asiatice, ca i apele dulci nord-americane i unele
zone temperate ale Americii de sud.
Areal invaziv: In Marea Neagr a fost semnalat pentru prima dat n dreptul litoralului bulgar n 1994,
unde a dezvoltat populaii de nflorire; n 1999 este citat din golful Odesa. Specie potenial invaziv pentru
Romnia.
Cai de patrundere: apa de balast
Impact: produce infloriri algale; modifica structura comunitilor pelagice i bentale
Cai de combatere: respectarea prevederilor privind apa de balast a navelor.
Bibliografie:
Moncheva S., Doncheva V., Kamburska L., 2000 On the long-term response of harmful algal blooms to the evolution
of eutrophication of the Bulgarian Black Sea coast: are the recent changes a sign of recovery of the ecosystem the
uncertainities, Repp. on IX International Conference Harmful Algal blooms, Hobart, Tasmania, 5-11 feb. 2002.
Moncheva S., Gotsis-Skretas O., Pagou K., Krastev A., 1999 Phytoplancton blooms in Black Sea and Mediterranean
coastal ecosystems: similarities and differences; Conf. Interat. Oceanography of the Eastern Mediterranean and Black
sea. Similarities and differences of two interconnected basins Athens, 23-26 Februarie 1999.
Moncheva S., Krastev A., 1997 Some aspect of phytoplankton long-term alteration of the Bulgarian Black Sea shelf, in
Sensitivity to change: Black Sea, Baltic Sea and Northern Sea, Oszoy E., Mikhaelian A. (editors) NATO ASI Series 2,
Environment, Kluwer Acad. Publ. Vol. 27: 79-94.
Moncheva S., Petrova-Karadjova V., Palasov A., 1995 Harmful marine algae blooms along the Bulgarian Black Sea
Coast and possible patterns of fish and zoobenthic mortalities, in Harmful marine algae blooms: Lassus P., Arzul G.,
Denn E., Gentien P. (editors), Lavoisier Publ. Inc.: 193-198.
.Queimalinos Claudia, Perez G., Modenutti Beatriz, 2002 Summer population development diurnal vertical
distribution of dinoflagellates in an ultraoligotrophic Andean Lake (Patagonia, Argentina), Algological Studies 107 Arch. Hydrobiol. Suppl. 145: 117 129, Stuttgart.
Mantoniela
squamata
1 aspect general;
2 detaliu; (redesenat dup
Mihnea, Drago, 1997)
Areal nativ: Mantoniella squamata este ntlnit pe coastele pacifice ale Americii de Nord, coastele
atlantice ale Europei, Marea Mediterana, fr a se putea stabili deocamdat cu certitudine originea sa
geografic.
Areal invaziv: In Marea Neagr a fost semnalat doar n dreptul coastelor romneti la nceputul anilor
1980. Densitile populaiilor acestei specii au crescut treptat n anii 1992, 1994 i 1996, mai ales n
incintele portuare seminchise, atingnd populaii de invazie n 1996.
Cai de patrundere: apa de balast a navelor. Totui, innd cont de faptul c identificarea acestei specii este
foarte dificil n lipsa studiilor de microscopie electronice ce permit o identificare sigur, este posibil ca
statutul acestei specii s fie altul, iar prezena sa a fost observat abia n momentul cnd condiiile de
mediu au fost propice pentru ca ea s dezvolte populaii de nflorire.
Impact: produce infloriri; schimba structura comunitatilor planctonice;
Cai de combatere: controlul apelor de santina
Bibliografie: (Mihnea, Drago, 1997)
Petrova-Karadjova V., 1990 - Monitoring the blooms along the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast, Rapp. Com. Int. Mer. Medit.
Tom 31, vol 1: 209.
Verlaque M., 1981 - Contribution la flore des algues marines de Mditerrane: espce nouvelle pour la
Mditerrane occidentale. Botanica Marina, 14: 559-568.
Verlaque M., 1994 Inventaire des plantes introduites en Mediterranee: origines et repercussions sur
lenvironment et les activites humaines. Oceanologica Acta 17(1):1 17.
Gravez V., Boudouresque C.-F., 1990 - Une espce protger: l'algue Desmarestia viridis (O. F. Mller)
Lamouroux; Livre Rouge "Grard Vuignier" des vgtaux, peuplements et paysages marins menacs de
Mditerrane. 250p. Par Boudouresque C.F., Ballesteros E., Ben Maiz N., Boisset F., Bouladier E., Cinelli F.,
Cirik S., Cormaci M., Jeudy De Grissac A., Laborel J., Lanfranco E., Lundberg B., Mayhoub H., Meinesz A.,
Panayotidis P., Semroud R., Sinnassamy J.M., Span A., Vuignier G., 1990. MAP Technical Reports Series N43,
UNEP, Athens, Programme des Nations Unies pour l'Environnement et l'IUCN par les GIS Posidonie.
Areal nativ: Specie de origine american, este prezent n apele stagnante ale Americii din Brazilia i pn
n Canada
Areal invaziv: Exemplare ale acestei specii au fost introduse pentru prima dat n Europa n anul 1872 n
cteva grdini botanice i ulterior s-a rspndit pe tot continentul. In prezent este rspndit n Delta
Dunrii, unde n unii ani formeaz asociaii dense de pn la 4 cm grosime la suprafaa apei, n lunile de
var (dup Flora Romniei, Vol. I)
Cai de patrundere: grdini botanice, prin intermediul psrilor acvatice.
Impact:
Cai de combatere:
Bibliografie:
Ciocrlan V., 2000 Flora ilustrat a Romniei Pteridophyta i Spermatophyta, Ed. Ceres, Bucuresti.
Lom, J., Dykova, I.., 1992 - Protozoan Parasites of Fishes. Developments in Aquaculture and Fisheries
Science, 26. Elsevier: Amsterdam. 315pp.
Ecologie: Specie parazit in intestin la diferite specii de peti din familia Ciprinidae (n primele stadii ale
vieii). n arealul invaziv s-a constat c paraziteaz o gam mai larg de peti. Cauzeaz mari pierderi
economice n cresctorii i ferme piscicole n toat lumea.
Harta de distribuie: toat Europa, America de Nord i de Sud, Australia i Noua Zeeland.
Fotografie: www.werc.usgs.gov/sandiego/pdfs/warburton3623.pdf
Areal nativ: originar din China, Orientul ndeprtat i Fosta Republic Sovietic.
Areal invaziv: introdus cu diferitele specii de Ciprinidae fitofage n Europa, Asia, America de Nord, America
de Sud, Noua Zeeland i Australia.
Ci de ptrundere: pe cale artificial din cresctorii
Impact: produce pagube nsemnate n fermele acvatice, mai mult n rndul puieilor, adulii fiind mai
rezisteni.
Ci de combatere: respectarea regulilor de carantin sanitar i popularea bazinelor acvatice prin
intermediul icrelor, nu a puieilor.
Bibliografie: www.werc.usgs.gov/sandiego/
Kaestner A., 1993 Lehrbuch der Speziellen Zoologie, Band I, Wirbellose Tiere, 1. Teil, Gustav Fischer Verlag
Jena Stuttgart New York.
10
Fotografie: www.whyfiles.org/086urban_critter/images/worms.jpg
Areal nativ: America de Nord
Areal invaziv: Europa Central i de Vest, Georgia, Turcia, Japonia; specie potential invaziva in Romania
Cai de patrundere: cu gazde infestate
Impact: Dei ratonii nu sunt afectai semnificativ de acest parazit, larvele lui pot cauza la gazdele
intermediare diferite afeciuni ale sistemului nervos, mduvei spinrii, ficatului, ochilor.
Cai de combatere: Evitatea contactului cu ratonii sau expunerea la fecalele lor; utilizarea unor mnui i a
unor mti atunci cnd sunt curate cutile care au fost ocupate de ratoni; dezinfectarea cutilor; arderea
sau ngroparea fecalelor.
Bibliografie:
www.zoologix.com;
www.libertonline.com;
www.accesmylibrary.com
www.wikipedia.org;
11
Konsulov A (1998) Black Sea Biological Diversity Bulgaria. GEF/BSEP, Black Sea Environmental Series, 5, UN
Publications, New York: 131 pp.
Konsulov A, Konsulova T (1998) Biological Diversity of the Black Sea. Zoobenthos and Zooplankton, in
Bulgaria's Biological Diversity: Conservation Status and Needs Assessment Biodiversity Support Program,
Meine Curt, March 1998; http://www.worldwildlife.org/bsp/publications/europe/bulgaria
12
Specia: Garveia franciscana (Torrey, 1902) (sin. Bougainvillia megas (Kinne, 1956; sin. Perigonimus megas)
Increngtura Coelenterata, Clasa Hydrozoa
Ordinul Hydroida
Subordinul Athecata
Familia Bougainvillidae
Descriere: Polipii coloniali, colonia de tip monopodial, simplu ramificat, de 5 - 6 cm. Perisarcul cu inelaie
neregulat; polipii cu 6-8 tentacule peribucale pe un singur cerc. Pe lng autozoizi, ramificaiile conin
gonozoizi grupai n ciorchini. Meduzele sub 1 mm nlime, n form de clopot adnc, cu tentaculele
situate circular pe margine; adesea captive, cte 5 - 15 pe pedunculul polipilor, n diferite stadii de
dezvoltare.
Ecologie: specie comun n apele litorale cu substrat dur, moderat poluate, chiar i pe cheiurile bazinelor
portuare, mai ales primvara i toamna pn la 5 - 6 m adncime. Situaia actual a acestei specii n Marea
Neagr este puin cunoscut. Nu a mai fost semnalat n
Bougainvillia
lucrrile recente, statutul speciei necesitand o reconfirmare.
megas
Harta de distributie:
aspectul coloniei
Fotografie:
i al meduzei
Areal nativ: Atlanticul de Nord
(dup MorduhaiAreal invaziv: Marea Neagra, Marea de Azov, Marea Caspica
Boltovskoy)
Cai de patrundere: fouling
Impact: modifica asociatiile bentale autohtone.
Cai de combatere: controlul foulingului
Bibliografie:
Morduhai-Boltovskoy, 1968
http://www.zin.ru/projects/caspdiv/caspian_nonindigenous_list.html
13
Porumb Florica, 1959b Rathkea octopunctata (M.Sars) a new medusa for the Romanian Black Sea waters. (Rathkea
octopunctata (M.Sars) o noua meduza pentru apele romanesti ale Marii Negre). Comunicarile Academiei R.P.R.,
Bucuresti, 9, 10: 1037 1040. (in Romanian)
Marinov T. 1990. The Zoobenthos from the Bulgarian Sector of the Black Sea. Sofia: Bulgarian
Academy of Sciences Publishing House. [in Bulgarian, abs. English.].
Konsulov A, Konsulova Tsenka, 1998 - Biological Diversity of the Black Sea. Zoobenthos and Zooplankton, in
Bulgaria's Biological Diversity: Conservation Status and Needs Assessment Biodiversity Support Program,
Meine Curt, March 1998; http://www.worldwildlife.org/bsp/publications/europe/bulgaria
14
1 cm
15
16
Konsulov A (1998) Black Sea Biological Diversity Bulgaria. GEF/BSEP, Black Sea Environmental Series, 5, UN
Publications, New York: 131 pp.
Konsulov A, Konsulova Tsenka, 1998 - Biological Diversity of the Black Sea. Zoobenthos and Zooplankton, in
Bulgaria's Biological Diversity: Conservation Status and Needs Assessment Biodiversity Support Program,
Meine Curt, March 1998; http://www.worldwildlife.org/bsp/publications/europe/bulgaria
17
18
Eldredge L.G., C.M. Smith. 2001. A guidebook of introduced marine species in Hawaii. Bihosp
Museum Technical Report 21.
Gollasch, S., K. Riemann-Zurneck. 1996. Transoceanic dispersal of benthic macrofauna: Haliplanella
lineata (Verrill, 1898) (Anthozoa, Actinaria) found on a ship's hull in a ship yard dock in Hamburg
Harbour, Germany. Helgolander Meeresuntersuchungen, 50:253-258.
Shick J.M. and A.N. Lamb. 1977. Asexual Reproduction and Genetic Population Structure in the
Colonizing Sea Anemone Haliplanella luciae. Biological Bulletin 153:604-617.
Sassaman, Magnum 1970. Patterns of temperature adaptation in North American coastal actinians.
Marine Biology 7:123-130.
Slick J.M. 1991. A functional biology of sea anemones. Chapman and Hall, London.
19
Areal nativ: coastelor atlantice ale continentului nord-american din Labrador pn n Golful Mexic, unde
populeaz att ape salmastre ct i lagune suprasrate.
Areal invaziv: Marea Neagr, Marea de Azov, Marea Caspic, Marea Marmara, Marea Mediterana.
Semnalat pentru prima dat n Marea Neagr n zona portului Novorosiisk (Nord-Estul Mrii Negre),
Mnemiopsis a devenit extrem de rapid o specie dominant n macrozooplancton, dezvoltnd populatii
estimate la sute de milioane de tone n ntregul bazin pontic. Ptrunderea sa n Marea Neagr s-a efectuat
n apa de balast a navelor care transportau grne
20
Avsar D (1996-1997) Possible reasons for the abundance of Black Sea sprat (Sprattus sprattus phalericus Risso,
1826) in relation to anchovy (Engraulis encrasicholus L. 1758) and lobate ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi (Agassiz
1865), Recherches Marines, IRCM Constanta, 29-30: 275-285.
Alexandrov B, Zaitsev YP (2000) Chronicle of exotic species introduction into the Black Sea. The Black Sea
Ecological Problems, Odessa, SCSEIO: 14-19.
Abolmasova GI, Finenko GA, Romanova SA (2002) Energy requirments of Mnemiosis leidyi and Beroe ovata
population in relation to nutrient conditions in Sevastopol Bay. II International Conference Oceanography of the
eastern Mediterranean and the Black Sea simillarities and differences of two interconnected basins, 14 18 Oct.
2002, Ankara Turkey, p. 146.
Bcescu M, Mller GI, Gomoiu MT (1971) Marine Ecologi IV. Research of benthic ecology in Black Sea/Ecologie
marina Vol. 4 Cercetri de ecologie bental n Marea Neagr. Editura Academiei Romne, 357 pp.
Harbison GR, Volovik SP, (1993) The ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi, in the Black Sea: a holoplanktonic organism
transported in the ballast water of ships. Proceedings of the Conference and Workshop Nonindigenous Estuarine
and Marine Organisms (MEMO) Seattle, Washington: 25-36.
Huwer B, Storr-PaulsenM, Riisgard HU, Haslob H (2008) Abundance, horizontal and vertical distribution of the
invasive ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi in the central Baltic Sea, November 2007 Aquatic Invasions,Volume 3, Issue
2: 113-124 DOI 10.3391/ai.2008.3.2.1
Kideys AE (1994) Recent dramatic changes n the Black Sea ecosystem: the reason for the sharp decline in the
Turkish anchovy fisheries. J. Marine Systems, 5: 178 181.
Kideys AE (2002) Fall and rise of the Black Sea ecosystem, Science, 297:1482- 483
Lebedeva LP, Shushkina EA (1994) The model investigation of the Black Sea plankton community changes caused
by Mnemiopsis. Okeanologiya, Moskva: 79-87. (in Russian; Engl. Abstr.)
Malyshev VI, Arkhipov AG (1992) The ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi in the western Black Sea. Gidrobiolicesky
Zjurnal/ Hidrobiology Journal Vol.28 (1): 34-39.
Mutlu E, Bingel F, Gc AC, Melnikov VV, Nierman U, Ostr NA, Zaika VE (1994) Distribution of the new invader
Mnemiopsis sp. and the resident Aurelia aurita and Pleurobrachia pileus populations n the Black Se n the years
1991-1993. Journal of Marine Science, London: 407-421.
Nadolinski VP (2004) The effect of ctenophore on the ichthyoplankton in the north-eastern part of the Black Sea,
69 74; Estimation of the change in the Azov Sea Ichthyioplankton under the influence of ctenophore, 208 217,
in Ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi (A.Agassiz) in the Azov and Black Seas: its biology and consequences of its
intrusion, Volovik S.P. (Ed.). Turkish Marine Research Foundation, Istambul Turkey, No. 17: 498 pp
Niermann U, Bingel F, Gorban A, Gordina AD, Gc A, Kideys AE, Konsulov A, Radu G, Subbotin AA, Zaika VE (1993)
Distribution of anchovy eggs and larvae (Engraulis encrassicholus Cuv.) in the Black Sea in 1991 and 1992 in
comparison to former surveys. ICES CM 1993/H : 1-13.
Niermann U, Bingel F, Gorban A, Gordina AD, Gc AC, Kideys AE, Konsulov A, Radu G, Subbotin AA, Zaika VE
(1994) Distribution of anchovy eggs and larvae (Engraulis encrasicolus Cuv.) in the Black Sea in 1991 1992. Journal
of Marine Science 51: 395-406.
Onciu TM, Skolka M, Gomoiu MT, (2007) Ecology of zooplankton communities of the Black Sea/Ecologia
comunitatilor zooplanctonice din Marea Neagr, Ovidius University Press, 120 pp.
Petran A, Moldoveanu M (1994-1995) Post-invasion ecological impact of the Atlantic ctenophore Mnemiopsis
leidyi Agassiz, 1865 on the zooplankton from the romanian Black Sea waters. Recherches marines /Cercetri
marine IRCM Constanta (27-28): 135-157.
Shiganova TA, Bulgakova YV (2000). Effect of gelatinous plankton on the Black and Azov Sea fish and their food
resources. ICES Journal of marine Science 57: 641-648.
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Shushkina EA, Nikolaeva GG, Lukasheva TA (1990) Variation n the Black Sea plankton community structure caused
by mass development of ctenophore Mnemiopsis leydii (Agassiz) Journal of General Biology 51, 1: 54 - 60.
Shushkina EA, Vinogradov ME (1991) Long-term changes of planktonic biomass n open areas of the Black Sea.
Okeanologiya/Oceanology, Moscow, 31, 6: 973 980.
Shushkina EA, Musaeva EI, Anokhina LL, Lukaseva TA (2000) The Role of Gelatinous Macroplankton jellyfish Aurelia
and ctenophores Mnemiopsis and Beroe in the planktonic communities of the Black Sea. Oceanology 40 (6): 809816.
Vinogradov ME, Shuskina EA, Musaeva EI., Sorokin PY (1989) The comb-jelly Mnemiopsis leidyi (A.Aggasiz)
(Ctenophora: Lobata) a newly-introduced species in the Black Sea. Okeanologiya/Oceanology, Moskva 29 (2): 293299.
22
23
Finenko GA, Romanova ZA, Abolmasova GL (2000) The ctenophore Beroe ovata a recent invader to the
Black Sea, Zoologhia Moria 50: 21-25 (in Russian).
Gomoiu MT, Skolka M (1996) Changements recents dans la biodiversite de la Mer Noire dus aux immigrants,
GeoEcoMarina, 1/1996: 49-66
Kideys AE (2002) Fall and rise of the Black Sea ecosystem, Science, 297:1482- 483
Konsulov A (1998) Black Sea Biological Diversity Bulgaria. GEF/BSEP, Black Sea Environmental Series, 5, UN
Publications, New York: 131 pp.
24
Konsulov A, Konsulova Tsenka, 1998 - Biological Diversity of the Black Sea. Zoobenthos and Zooplankton, in
Bulgaria's Biological Diversity: Conservation Status and Needs Assessment Biodiversity Support Program,
Meine Curt, March 1998; http://www.worldwildlife.org/bsp/publications/europe/bulgaria
Shiganova TA Bulgakova JV, Sorokin PY, Lukashev YF (2000) Investigation of a new invader, Beroe ovata in
the Black Sea. Biology Bulletin 27: 247-255.
Shiganova TA, Bulgakova YV, Volovik SP, Mirzoyan ZA, Dudkin AI (2001) The new invader Beroe ovata Mayer
1912 and its effects on ecosystem on the ecosystem in the northeastern Black Sea, Hydrobiologia 451: 187197.
Shiganova TA, Bulgakova SP, Volovik ZA, Mirzoyan ZA, Dudkin SI (2004) A new invader Beroe ovata and its
effects of the Azov and Black Sea Basin in August September of 1999, 429 446, in Ctenophore Mnemiopsis
leidyi (A.Agassiz) in The Azov and Black Seas: its biology and consequences of its intrusion, Volovik S.P. (Ed.).
Turkish Marine Research Foundation, Istambul Turkey, No. 17, 498 pp.
Shushkina EA, Nikolaeva GG, Lukasheva TA (1990) Variation n the Black Sea plankton community structure
caused by mass development of ctenophore Mnemiopsis leydii (Agassiz) Journal of General Biology 51, 1: 54
- 60.
Shushkina EA, Vinogradov ME (1991) Long-term changes of planktonic biomass n open areas of the Black
Sea. Okeanologiya/Oceanology, Moscow, 31, 6: 973 980.
Shushkina EA, Musaeva EI, Anokhina LL, Lukaseva TA (2000) The Role of Gelatinous Macroplankton jellyfish
Aurelia and ctenophores Mnemiopsis and Beroe in the planktonic communities of the Black Sea. Oceanology
40 (6): 809-816.
Skolka M (1998) Increase of biodiversity by immigration new species n the Romanian fauna Beroe ovata,
Corbicula fluminea, Doridella obscura, Eriocheir sinensis, Callinectes sapidus. Univ. Bacau, Biology Studies
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Areal nativ: Mrile Extremului Orient (Marea Japoniei, Marea Chinei de Sud)
Areal invaziv: Marea Neagr, Marea Mediterana. Originar din Rapana a fost introdus n bazinul pontic n
anii 30 -40. Este semnalat, pentru prima dat n zona portului Novorosiisk, n 1947, Rapana se
rspndete rapid att spre est, pe coastele Caucazului i ulterior spre sus i vest - pe cele anatoliene ct i
spre vest, decimnd bancurile de stridii. In 1949 este semnalat la Gudautsk, n 1954 la Yalta i Sevastopol,
pe coastele Crimeii pentru ca n 1963 s apar i n dreptul litoralului romnesc. Dup aclimatizarea n
bazinul pontic, Rapana depseste strmtoarea Bosfor i se rspndeste i n Marea Mediteran.
Cai de patrundere: fouling
Impact: modificarea drastic a satructurii asociaiilor bentale
Cai de combatere: colectare manual
Bibliografie:
Bcescu M, Mller GI, Gomoiu MT (1971) Marine Ecologi IV. Research of benthic ecology in Black
Sea/Ecologie marina Vol. 4 Cercetri de ecologie bental n Marea Neagr. Editura Academiei Romne, 357
pp.
28
Chukhchin VD (1984) Ecology of the gastropods of the Black Sea. Kiev, Naukova Dumka,176 pp (in Russ, Eng.
Abstract).
CIESM (2009) The Mediterranean Science Comision (CIESM). http://www.ciesm.org/online/atlas/index.htm,
Accessed 12 August 2009
DAISIE (2009) Delivering Alien Invasive Species Inventories for Europe (DAISIE). http://www.europealiens.org/, Accessed 17 August 2009
Gomoiu MT (1972) Some ecologic data on the gastropod Rapana thomasiana Crosse along the Romanian
Black Sea shore. Recherches marines /Cercetri marine, IRCM, Constana, 4: 169 180.
Grossu Al. V., 1986 - Gastropoda Romaniae, Vol I, Ed. Litera Bucuresti
Morduhai-Boltovskoy FL (1972) Opredeliteli fauna Cernogo i Azovskogo morei Vol. III, Naukova Dumka, Kiev,
340 p (in Russian)
Skolka M, Fgra M, Paraschiv G (2006) Biodiversity of Dobroudja, Ovidius University Press, 396 pp. (in
Romanian).
Skolka M, Gomoiu MT (2004) Invasive species in Black Sea. Ecological impact of invasiuve species in aquatic
ecosystems, Ovidius University Press, 180 pp. (in Romanian)
29
Areal nativ: Oceanul Atlantic de Nord n tot lungul litoralului Statelor Unite pn n Florida, Texas, Golful
Mexic i Marea Caraibilor
Areal invaziv: Marea Neagr. In 1986, aceast specie este citat n zona de self continental din nord-vestul
Mrii Negre, pentru ca ulterior s fie descoperit i n sudul coastelor Crimeii, pe midii de cultur. Se
rspndete relativ rapid, fiind citat i de pe coastele de vest ale Mrii Negre i ptrunznd i n Marea de
Azov.
In dreptul litoralului romnesc, primele exemplare au fost colectate n anul 1996 n golful Mamaia. In
prezent este raspandit pe toata lungimea litoralului, in asociatia midiilor de piatra, alaturi de Conopeum
seurati, specia cu care se hraneste.
30
Gomoiu MT, Skolka M (1997) A new gastropod opisthobranch at the Romanian Black Sea Coast. Geo-EcoMarina 2: 201-204 Malita M, Gomoiu MT, Panin N (eds) Bucuresti Constanta.
Roginskaya IS, Grintsov VA, (1990) Nudibranch gastropod Doridella obscura Verrill first record for the Black
Sea. Oceanology Okeanologyia 30 (5): 855-857, Moscova (in Russian).
Skolka M, Fgra M, Paraschiv G (2006) Biodiversity of Dobroudja, Ovidius University Press, 396 pp. (in
Romanian).
Skolka M, Gomoiu MT (2004) Invasive species in Black Sea. Ecological impact of invasiuve species in aquatic
ecosystems, Ovidius University Press, 180 pp. (in Romanian)
Skolka M (1998) Increase of biodiversity by immigration new species n the Romanian fauna Beroe ovata,
Corbicula fluminea, Doridella obscura, Eriocheir sinensis, Callinectes sapidus. Univ. Bacau, Biology Studies
and Researches/Studii i Cerc. de Biol, 4: 235-240.
31
32
Fotografie: http://www.ento.csiro.au/aicn/name_s/b_1335.htm
Areal nativ: Specie de origine mediteraneana, din partea de SW a
Europei.
Areal invaziv: Marea Britanie, Spania, Europa Centrala, Scandinavia,
America de Nord, Africa de Sud, Australia.
Cai de patrundere:
Impac: Daunator al culturilor agricole
Cai de combatere:
Bibliografie:
www.animalbase.uni-goettingen.de/zooweb/servlet/AnimalBase/home/species,
www.npsumava.cz/storage/vyzkum/panormSK.pdf ,
33
The category "Not reported as alien" covers that the species is either native,
absent or that data are not available. If you have comments pertaining to
information shown on this map you are welcome to contact the focal point
for the country in question.
34
Fotografie: http://www.invasive.org/browse/detail.cfm?imgnum=1265091
Areal nativ: prile sudice ale Europei, n special Peninsula Iberic i sudul Franei
Areal invaziv: pri extinse ale Europei centrale i sudul Europei nordice (Polonia, Germania, Danemarca,
Suedia, Norvegia, Finlanda, Insulele Faroe, Islanda), USA; posibila pscie invaziva pentru Romania.
Cai de patrundere: accidental; mpreun cu sol, compost, plante comercializate
Impact: foarte competitiv prin densitile mari atinse i dimensiuni, poate hibridiza cu specii native, gazd
intermediar pentru unele nematode parazite, reduce recoltele prin consumul plantelor cultivate;
Cai de combatere: capcane, garduri speciale, colectare manual, utilizarea nematodelor ca metod de
biocontrol (Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita)
Bibliografie:
Weidema, I. (2006): NOBANIS Invasive Alien Species Fact Sheet Arion lusitanicus. From: Online
Database of the North European and Baltic Network on Invasive Alien Species NOBANIS www.nobanis.org,
Date of access 15/12/2008.
http://www.europe-aliens.org/pdf/Arion_vulgaris.pdf
http://www.invasive.org/browse/detail.cfm?imgnum=1265091
http://www.nobanis.org/speciesInfo.asp?taxaID=231
35
(Adeseori P. bridgesi dar incorect vezi http://www.applesnail.net/). Exista 2 subspecii: Pomacea bridgesii bridgesii
Reeve, 1856 si Pomacea bridgesii diffusa Blume, 1957, aceasta din urm fiind ntlnit deseori in Pet-shop-uri.
Descriere: Cochilia acestui melc prezint 5-6 spire. Prin creterea lor una peste alta, spirele, formeaz un
unghi de aproximativ 90, aceasta fiind caracteristica cea mai evident a acestei specii. Apertura este larg,
ovoidal, ombilicul fiind de asemenea larg i adnc. nlimea cochiliei este cuprins ntre 4,5 i 6,5 cm.
Culoarea cochiliei poate varia de la galben la verzui pn la maroniu, cu sau fr benzi mai ntunecate.
Datorit mutaiilor ce apar in culturi artificiale au fost obinute morfe albe i albastre ale acestei specii.
Prezint respiraie branhial, branhiile situndu-se n partea dreapt a corpului, dar i pulmonar,
plmnul aflndu-se n partea stng a corpului. i protejeaz oule depunndu-le la interfaa ap aer.
Pentru a se nmuli e nevoie de un mascul i o femel, aceast specie nefiind hermafrodit, ca majoritatea
celorlalte specii de melci.
Ecologie: trieste ntr-o gam larg de habitate, de la mlatini, iazuri i lacuri pn la ruri. Prefer ape
lentice, i de obicei limpezi. Datorit sistemului respirator pot prsi apa dar n general rmn sub ap; tot
acest sistem respirator le permite supravieuirea n medii hipoxice. Operculul i plmnul i permit s
treac peste perioadele de secet ngropndu-se n substrat, ncetinidu-i activitatea metabolic i intrnd
ntr-o perioad de estivare. Prefer zonele tropicale i subtropicale cu temperaturi mai ridicate; toate
speciile acestei familii triesc doar n zone unde temperatura nu scade sub 10 C n timpul iernii. n privina
hranei nu este selectiv. Se hrnete cu vegetaie moale (alge i plante moarte n general), rzuindu-le cu
radula; poate fi i necrofag, i mnnc ponta sau se poate chiar manifesta canibalismul, n condiii
extreme. Tot n condiii extreme poate iei din ap s i caute de mncare, dar poate cdea foarte uor
prad psrilor ce se hrnesc cu melci.
Harta de distribuie:
36
http://www.applesnail.net/
http://www.wirbellose.de/applesnail/arten.htm
http://nis.gsmfc.org/nis_factsheet.php?toc_id=153
http://www.companie.go.ro/Melci/Melci.html
37
38
Areal invaziv: Marea Mediterana, Marea Neagra. In Marea Mediterana apare pentru prima data in nordul
Marii Adriatice, in zona Rabean, in 1969, de unde se raspandeste ulterior spre sud, dezvoltand populatii de
masa. In prezent, este raspantita pe litoralul adriatic al Italiei, in sudul Siciliei si este de asemenea
mentionata de pe litoralul vestic italian.
In Marea Neagr a fost semnalat pentru prima dat n zona litoral situat la nord de Mamaia (Gomoiu,
1984), n exemplare destul de numeroase. In prezent, este rspndit pe aproape tot litoralul pontic.
Patrunderea in Marea Neagra s-a facut in urma traficului naval dintre porturile pontice (Constanta) si cele
din Marea Adriatica, colonizarea fiind una ulterioara celei din Mediterana si un una directa, cu larve
provenite direct din arealul nativ al speciei.
Cai de patrundere: apa de balast a navelor.
Impact: modificare drastica a comunitatilor bentale autohtone.
Cai de combatere: nu exista.
Bibliografie:
Gomoiu MT (1984) Scapharca inequivalvis (Bruguire) a new species in the Black Sea. Recherches Marines
/Cercetari Marine, IRCM 17: 131 141
Gomoiu MT, Skolka M (1996) Changements recents dans la biodiversite de la Mer Noire dus aux immigrants,
GeoEcoMarina, 1/1996: 49-66
Ghisotti F., 1973. Scapharca cfr. cornea (Reeve), ospite nuova del Mediterraneo. Conchiglie, 9(3-4): 68.
Lazzari G. and Rinaldi E., 1994. Alcune considerazioni sulla presenza di specie extra Mediterranee nelle lagune
salmastre di Ravenna. Bollettino Malacologico, 30(5-9): 195-202.
Rinaldi E., 1985b. Alcuni dati significativi sulla proliferazione di Scapharca inaequivalvis (Bruguire, 1789) in
Adriatico lungo la costa Romagnola. Bollettino Malacologico, 21(1-4): 41-42.
Rinaldi E., 1994b. Molluschi di origine extra Mediterranea entrati a far parte della malacofauna della costa
Romagnola. Pagine de Museo Ornitologico e di Scienze Naturali di Ravenna, 19(1-2): 104-108
Skolka M, Fgra M, Paraschiv G (2006) Biodiversity of Dobroudja, Ovidius University Press, 396 pp. (in
Romanian).
Skolka M, Gomoiu MT (2004) Invasive species in Black Sea. Ecological impact of invasiuve species in aquatic
ecosystems, Ovidius University Press, 180 pp. (in Romanian)
Zaitsev YP, Mamaev V, (1997) Marine Biological Diversity in the Black Sea. A study of change and decline. Black Sea
Enviromnental Series, U.N. Publications, New York, 208 pp
Zaitsev YP (2001) Invasive species in the Black Sea, 1St Black Sea Conference on ballast water control and
management, Odessa, Ukraine 10 12 oct. 2001, Conference Report, Bashtanyy R., Webster L., Raaymakers S. (eds),
Global Mondograph Series No.3, Annex 4, 1-5.
39
Skolka M, Fgra M, Paraschiv G (2006) Biodiversity of Dobroudja, Ovidius University Press, 396 pp. (in
Romanian).
Skolka M, Gomoiu MT (2004) Invasive species in Black Sea. Ecological impact of invasiuve species in aquatic
ecosystems, Ovidius University Press, 180 pp. (in Romanian)
40
41
Areal nativ: Extremul Orient (Rusia, China, Thailanda, Filipine, Corea, Japonia) si Africa. In pliocen
raspandita pe scara larga din Europa de vest pana in Extremul Orient. Dispare ulterior, arealul ei ramanand
limitat la Extremul Orient, pana in zona fluviului Amur (Grossa, 1962). In Romnia este prezent sub form
fosil din plionen.
Areal invaziv: Introdus in SUA dupa toate probabilitatile de imigranti chinezi; exista doua variante
introducerea prin California in timpul goanei dup aur (1848 1859) sau introdusa cel tarziu in 1924. Se
rspndete ulterior n toat zona central a Amercii de Nord, n anii 80 i 90 fiind semnalat de pe coasta
de est. In anii 1960 apare i n America de Sud (Argentina), iar la mijlocul anilor 80 apare n Europa
Central, devenind rapid specie dominant n unele bazine cum este cel al Rinului. In prezent, arealul
42
acestei specii include zone ntinse n Asia de Sud-Est, America de Nord i de Sud, nordul Africii i Europa
Central. In Europa, specia este cunoscut ns ca fosil din perioada cuaternar. In 1997, exemplare
aparinnd acestei specii au fost identificate n Dunre n amonte de localitatea Berzasca i n dreptul
oraului Moldova Nou. Ulterior devine o specie comun, pe tot cursul Dunrii, n Delt, canalul DunreMarea Neagr, chiar i din unele lacuri din sudul litoralului.
Cai de patrundere: ptrundere activ prin intermediului canalului Rin Dunre.
Impact: schimbarea structurii asociaiilor bentale
Cai de combatere: nu exist.
Bibliografie:
Grossu Al., 1962 Bivalvia, in Fauna RPR, Vol. III, fasc 3, Ed. Academiei, 426 pp.
http://www.europe-aliens.org/speciesFactsheet.do?speciesId=53281#
Korniushin, A.V. 2004. A revision of some Asian and African freshwater clams assigned to Corbicula fluminalis
(Mller, 1774) (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Corbiculidae), with a review of anatomical characters and reproductive features
based on museum collections. Hydrobiologia, 529: 251-270.
Lori, E., M. Bodon, S. Cianfanelli. 2005. Molluschi continentali alieni in Italia: presenza e distribuzione.
NotiziarioS.I.M. 23, 71. Available at http://www.sim-online.it/. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. 2005.
Ecosystem and human well-being: biodiversity synthesis. World Resources Institute, Washington, DC
Mouthon, J., T. Parghentanian. 2004. Comparison of the life cycle and population dynamics of two Corbicula
species, two French canals. Arch. Hydrobiol., 2: 267-287.
Nardi, G. & A. Braccia. 2004. Prima segnalazione di Corbicula fluminea (O.F. Mller, 1774) per il Lago di Garda
(Provincia di Brescia) (Mollusca Bivalvia, Corbiculidae). Bollettino Malacologico, 39: 181-184.
Paunovi, M., B. Csnyi, S. Kneevi, V. Simi, D. Nenadi, D. Jakovev-Todorovi, B. Stojanovi, P. Caki. 2007.
Distribution of Asian clams Corbicula fluminea (Mller, 1774) and C. fluminalis (Mller, 1774) in Serbia. Aquatic
Invasions, 2: 99-106.
Skolka M, Fgra M, Paraschiv G (2006) Biodiversity of Dobroudja, Ovidius University Press, 396 pp. (in
Romanian).
Skolka M, Gomoiu MT (2004) Invasive species in Black Sea. Ecological impact of invasiuve species in aquatic
ecosystems, Ovidius University Press, 180 pp. (in Romanian).
http://www.pserie.psu.edu/seagrant/ais/watershed/clam.htm
http://www.iisgcp.org/exoticsp/asianclam.htm
Counts, C. L., III. 1986. The zoogeography and history of the invasion of the United States by Corbicula
fluminea (Bivalvia: Corbiculidae). American Malacological Bulletin, Special Edition No. 2:7-39
http://www.fcsc.usgs.gov/corbicula3.pdf
http://nas.er.usgs.gov/mollusks/docs/co_flumi.html
http://www.lander.edu/rsfox/corbicula.html
http://es.treknature.com/gallery/Europe/Italy/photo228183.htm
USGS 2001 - Nonindigenous species information bulletin: Asian clam, Corbicula fluminea (Mller, 1774) (Mollusca:
Corbiculidae). PDF fulltext
Jueg, U., Zettler, M.L. (2004): Die Molluskenfauna der Elbe in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern mit Erstnachweis der
Grobgerippten Krbchenmuschel Corbicula fluminea (O. F. Mller 1756). Mitteilungen der NGM 4(1): 85-89. [in
German] PDF fulltext
Beran L. (2000). First record of Corbicula fluminea (Mollusca: Bivalvia) in the Czech Republic. Acta Soc. Zool.
Bohem., 64: 1-2.
Beran L. (2006). Spreading expansion of Corbicula fluminea (Mollusca: Bivalvia) in the Czech Republic. Heldia 6
5/6: 187-192.
Vzquez A. A. & Perera S. (2010). "Endemic Freshwater molluscs of Cuba and their conservation status". Tropical
Conservation Science 3(2): 190-199. HTM, PDF.
Weitere, M. et al. (2009) Linking environmental warming to the fitness of the invasive clam Corbicula fluminea,
Global Change Biology, Volume 15 Issue 12, Pages 2838 - 2851
43
In ce privaste raportul intre lungime si latime, acesta este 1:1 in cazul lui C. fluminea si 0,97 in cazul lui C.
fluminalis. Numarul de struri concentrice este de 13 28 striuri/cm la C. fluminalis si de 7 14 la C.
fluminea. Acest carcter este insa evident doar la exemplarele mici, de pana la 5 mm. Exemplarele mici de
C. fluminalis sunt aproape sferice in vreme ce cele de C. fluminea sunt palatzate.
Ecologie : Identica cu cea a specie Corbicula fluminea.
Harta de distributie:
http://www.europe-aliens.org/speciesFactsheet.do?speciesId=53280#
44
Fotografie:
Areal nativ: Datorita statutului neclar dintre cele doua specii de Corbicula fluminea i fluminalis exista
specte neclare. Este mentionata din Asia de SW, Egipt, Basarabia, lacurile din zona de NW a Mrii Negre, la
nord de Delta, ca si in jumatatea inferioara a Nistrului (Grossa, 1962). In perioada pliocena ocupa insa un
areal mult mai vast, care se extindea din Marea Britanie, Franta si Europa de vEst si sud pana in
Transcaucazia si Grecia. In Romania este mentionata ca forma fosil din pliocen, ca si C. fluminea.
Areal invaziv: sudul si central Europei, America de Nord; specie posibil invaziva in Romania, nesemnalata
pana in prezent.
Cai de patrundere: navigatie, canale navigabile.
Impact: schimbarea structurii asociaiilor bentale
Cai de combatere: managementul adecvat si respectarea reglementarilor privind speciile invazive
Bibliografie:
http://www.europe-aliens.org/speciesFactsheet.do?speciesId=53280#
Ciutti Francesca, Cappelletti Cristina, 2009 - First record of Corbicula fluminalis (Mller, 1774) in Lake Garda (Italy),
living in sympatry with Corbicula fluminea (Mller, 1774), J. Limnol., 68(1): 162-165, 2009
Grossu Al., 1962 Bivalvia, in Fauna RPR, Vol. III, fasc 3, Ed. Academiei, 426 pp.
Korniushin, A.V. 2004. A revision of some Asian and African freshwater clams assigned to Corbicula fluminalis
(Mller, 1774) (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Corbiculidae), with a review of anatomical characters and reproductive features
based on museum collections. Hydrobiologia, 529: 251-270.
Lori, E., M. Bodon, S. Cianfanelli. 2005. Molluschi continentali alieni in Italia: presenza e distribuzione.
NotiziarioS.I.M. 23, 71. Available at http://www.sim-online.it/. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. 2005.
Ecosystem and human well-being: biodiversity synthesis. World Resources Institute, Washington, DC
Mouthon, J., T. Parghentanian. 2004. Comparison of the life cycle and population dynamics of two Corbicula
species, two French canals. Arch. Hydrobiol., 2: 267-287.
Nardi, G. & A. Braccia. 2004. Prima segnalazione di Corbicula fluminea (O.F. Mller, 1774) per il Lago di Garda
(Provincia di Brescia) (Mollusca Bivalvia, Corbiculidae). Bollettino Malacologico, 39: 181-184.
Paunovi, M., B. Csnyi, S. Kneevi, V. Simi, D. Nenadi, D. Jakovev-Todorovi, B. Stojanovi, P. Caki. 2007.
Distribution of Asian clams Corbicula fluminea (Mller, 1774) and C. fluminalis (Mller, 1774) in Serbia. Aquatic
Invasions, 2: 99-106.
http://es.treknature.com/gallery/Europe/Italy/photo228183.htm
Tesch, P., 1943. Corbicula fluminalis als gidsfossiel. -- Jaarverslag Geologische Stichting 1941: 31-33.
(http://web.inter.nl.net/users/Meijer.T/tm/paginas/ae-wtxt-Tesch_Milank.htm)
45
46
Harta de distributie:
Fotografie:
Areal nativ: zona ponto-caspic, nordul Mrii Negre, Marea de Azov, Marea Caspic. Genul Dreissena este
un gen endemic pentru zona mrii Paratethys diferentiat in perioada miocena si ulterior in pliocen.
Raspandite pe o larga arie intre Europa centrala, lacul Aral si Eufrat, speciile de Dreissena sufera in
pleistocen un regres puternic, ramanand strict localizate in Marea Caspic si Marea Aral (care aveau ape
47
salmastre) in marile dulce din acea perioada Neagra si Azov si in cateva lacuri din zona peninsulei
Balcanice. Ulterior, in holocen, dup incheirea ultimei perioade glaciare, dreissenidele raman localizate in
Marea Caspic si nordul Mrii Negre.
Areal invaziv: Europa, Asia, America de Nord. Dreissena polymorpha ncepe s se rspndeasc rapid dup
1700, cnd se intensifica comerul in estul Europei si sunt construite o serie de canale care leag ntre ele
raurile si fluviile din nordul Mrii Negre. Daca in 1769 era semnalata pentru prima data din raul Ural iar in
1771 din Volga si Marea Caspica (Ludyanski et al, 1993),, pn n 1870 deja invadase Ucraina, Rusia de
vest, nordul Europei, Marea Britanie si Europa de vest, pana la Alpi si Pirinei.
In Romnia este citata din perioada anilor 1950 1960 de la Snagov si Buftea (Grossa, 1962) facandu-se
mentiunea ca este foarte comuna in Delta si lunca inundabil a Dunrii ca si in lacurile litorale. In in 1794
este semnalata pentru prima data din Ungaria (Ludyanski et al, 1993), pentru ca in 1932 sa fie semnalata
din lacul Balaton (Soos, 1942). In perioada anilor 1980 invadeaza Marile Lacuri, pentru ca apoi sa se
raspandeasca rapad in sudul Canadei, nord-estul central si vestal SUA.
Cai de patrundere: canale navigabile, apa de balast, fouling.
Impact: modificarea drastica a asociatiilor de organisme autohtone; pierderi economice datorita
dezvoltarii in conducte, bazine de racire, instalatii portuare, pe coca navelor.
Cai de combatere:
Bibliografie:
Grossu Al., 1962 Bivalvia, in Fauna RPR, Vol. III, fasc 3, Ed. Academiei, 426 pp.
Van der Velde G., Rajagopal S., bij de Vaate A., 2010 Zebra Mussel in Europe, Backhuys Pblsh., Leiden,
Margraf Pblsh., Weikersheim, 490 pp.
http://nas.er.usgs.gov/taxgroup/mollusks/zebramussel/maps/zm_quag_yr2007.jpg
48
49
Fotografie:
Areal nativ: zona ponto-caspica. Arealul originar al speciei este considrat a fi nord-vestul Mrii Negre, din
limanurile Nistrului si Bugului.
Areal invaziv: Europa, America de Nord din zona Marilor Lacuri pana in California. Interesant ca in SUA s-a
dovedit mai eficeinta ca specie invaziva comparativ cu D. polymorpha, reusind sa ajunga pana pe coasta
Pacificului.
Se extinde in mod similar cu D. polymorpha in Ucraina, Rusia, Europa Centrala si de Vest, SUA si Canada,
unde e semnalata in 1987. In Romania este citata in 2004 de la Cernavoda (Micu, Telembici, 2004) si in
50
2006 de la Probeta Turnu Severin (Popa et Popa 2006). In 2006 este mentionata din Olanda iar in 2007 din
Germania.
Cai de patrundere: patrundere: canale navigabile
Impact: modificarea drastica a asociatiilor de organisme autohtone
Cai de combatere: managementul apei de balast si al foulingului.
Bibliografie:
Grossu Al., 1962 Bivalvia, in Fauna RPR, Vol. III, fasc 3, Ed. Academiei, 426 pp.
Van der Velde G., Rajagopal S., bij de Vaate A., 2010 Zebra Mussel in Europe, Backhuys Pblsh., Leiden, Margraf
Pblsh., Weikersheim, 490 pp.
http://nyis.info/animals/ZebraAndQuaggaMussel.aspx
fl.biology.usgs.gov/.../dreissena_faqs.html
nas.er.usgs.gov/taxgroup/mollusks/zebramussel/
http://nas.er.usgs.gov/taxgroup/mollusks/zebramussel/maps/zm_quag_yr2007.jpg
Micu D., Telembici A., 2004 First record of Dreissena bugensis (Andrussov, 1897) from the Romanian stretch of
River Danube. In: Abstracts of the International Symposium of Malacology, August 19-22, Sibiu, Romania.
Popa Oana Paula, Popa L.O., 2006 The most westward European occurence point for Dreissena bugensis
(Andrussov, 1879). Malacologica Bohemoslavica, 5: 3-5.
51
52
Fotografie:
http://www.eol.org/pages/2215
Areal nativ: litoralul nord-american, din Golful Mexic (Tampico) pana in Golful Hudson. In preglaciar, era
raspandita in Eurasia, ulterior, in Eocen se extinde in America de Nord, disparand ulterior din zona
eurasiatica in timpul perioadelor glaciare.
Areal invaziv: Europa de vest, Marea Neagra. In 1835 este semnalata pentru prima data in Belgia
(Antwerpen), ulterior in Franta si Olanda (1849, 1858) In 1928 este descoperita la Kiel in Germania, in 1931
la Dunkerque si Caen (Franta), in 1961 la Niewport (Belgia), in 1969 in Rin si Olanda. In 2003 o populatie
importante este descoperita in raul Guadalquivir (Spania Escot et al, 2003) iar in 2004 este semnalata in
Marea Neagra la gurile Nistrului (limanul Nistrului Thierriault et al, 2004). Specie potencial invaziva
pentru Romnia.
Cai de patrundere: patrundere: stadii larvare in apa de balast, eventual fouling pe coca navelor.
Impact: modificarea drastica a asociatiilor de organisme autohtone; pierderi economice datorita
dezvoltarii in conducte, bazine de racire, instalatii portuare, pe coca navelor.
Cai de combatere: managemenul apei de balast
Bibliografie:
Laine A.O. / FIMR First record of Conrads false mussel, Mytilopsis leucophaeata in the northern Baltic Sea,
www.itameriportaali.fi/.../en_GB/mytilopsis_leu/
Van der Velde G., Rajagopal S., bij de Vaate A., 2010 Zebra Mussel in Europe, Backhuys Pblsh., Leiden, Margraf
Pblsh., Weikersheim, 490 pp.
http://www.eol.org/pages/2215
53
Areal nativ: bazinul fluviului Amur, lacul Hanka, zona Primorie din Extremul Orient, China, Taiwan, Hong
Kong, Cambogia, Thailanda, Japonia.
Areal invaziv: In Europa este mentionata pentru prima data n Romnia, introdus involuntar (1962) odat
cu speciile de ciprinide originare din Asia de sud-est aclimatizate n zon. Prezent n Romnia i Ungaria n bazinele Someurilor, Mureului, Turului, Criurilor, Tisa i Dunre. In anul 1989 este semnalat n Frana
i se apreciaz c aceast specie de bivalv se afl n plin expansiune n toate rurile putin atinse de
poluare din Europa. Este prezent n Delta Dunrii i n tot lungul cursului inferior al Dunrii.
Cai de patrundere: introducere involuntar
Impact: modificarea structurii asociaiilor autohtone.
Cai de combatere: nu exist.
Bibliografie:
Skolka M, Fgra M, Paraschiv G (2006) Biodiversity of Dobroudja, Ovidius University Press, 396 pp. (in
Romanian).
Skolka M, Gomoiu MT (2004) Invasive species in Black Sea. Ecological impact of invasiuve species in aquatic
ecosystems, Ovidius University Press, 180 pp. (in Romanian)
54
55
Beshevly LE, Kolyagyn VA (1967) The finding of molluscs Mya arenaria in the northwestern part of the Black Sea.
Vestn.Zool.Kiev, 3: 32-34 (in Russian)
Gomoiu MT, Porumb I (1969) Mya arenaria L. bivalve recently penetrated into the Black Sea. Revue Roumaine de
Zoologie Editura Academiei Romnne 14, 3: 199-202
Gomoiu MT, Petran A (1973) Dynamics of the settlement of the bivalve Mya arenaria L. on the Romanian shore of
the Black Sea. Recherches marines /Cercetri marine. IRCM, Constana, 5-6: 263-289.
Gomoiu MT (1976) Changes in the benthic biocenosis structure at the Romanian littoral, Recherches marines,
IRCM Constanta, 9: 119-142.
Gomoiu MT (1981a) Distribution of Mya arenaria L. populations in the Western part of the Black Sea. Recherches
marines/Cercetari marine, IRCM, 14: 145-158
Gomoiu MT (1981b) Quelques donnes sur les populations du bivalve Mya arenaria L. du littoral roumain de la
mer Noire. Rapport de la Comission Internationale de la Mer Mediterranee 27, 2: 143-144
Gomoiu MT, Skolka M (1996) Changements recents dans la biodiversite de la Mer Noire dus aux immigrants,
GeoEcoMarina, 1/1996: 49-66
Kideys AE (2002) Fall and rise of the Black Sea ecosystem, Science, 297:1482- 483
Konsulov A (1998) Black Sea Biological Diversity Bulgaria. GEF/BSEP, Black Sea Environmental Series, 5, UN
Publications, New York: 131 pp.
Konsulov A, Konsulova T (1998) Biological Diversity of the Black Sea. Zoobenthos and Zooplankton, in Bulgaria's
Biological Diversity: Conservation Status and Needs Assessment Biodiversity Support Program, Meine Curt, March
1998; http://www.worldwildlife.org/bsp/publications/europe/bulgaria
56
Clasa: Bivalvia
Ordinul: Mytiloida (Filibranchia), Familia: Mytilidae
Descriere: Dimensiunea maxima a valvelor este de 35 mm. Valvele alungite, inechilaterale, netede si
stralucitoare, cu msarginea inferior uor concava, au culoare brun-verzui, cu striuri radiare purpurii palid
pornind de la umbone spre marginea valvelor. De asemenea, unele exemplare pot prezenta pete brune cu
aspect zigzagat care urmeaza striurile de crestere. Fata interna a valvelor este gri-purpuriu stralucitor,
adesea cu striuri vizibile prin transparen.
Ecologie: Este prezent att pe substrat dur ct i pe funduri sedimentare, in zona litorala, pana la
adancimi de 20 m. Dovedete toleran la hipoxie i variaii de salinitate. (17 37 ppt) ca si fata de
temperatura (17 27oC). Triete circa 2 ani, maturitatea sexual fiind atins dup 9 luni. Larvele pot fi ntlnite n plancton de la 14 la 55 de zile. Pe substrat sedimentar se grupeaz n aglomeraii dense, adesea
ngropndu-se in substra cu zona umbonelui, unde se ataseaza cu bissus de particule sedimentare mai
mari. Poate forma aglomerari de peste 2500 ex/m2 (exceptional au fost atinse densitati de 2800 ex/m2 in
Japonia, 3300 ex/m2 n Noua Zeeland, 8600 ex/m2 n Golful san Francisco, 12400 ex/m2 n golful San
Diego, 16000 ex/m2 in zona portului Auckland Noua Zeeland; n golful San Francisco au fost inregistrate
cazuri in care juvenilii au atins densiti de peste 28650 ex/m2 iar uneori au fost inregistrate chiar densiti
de 150 000 ex/m2). Studii efectuate asupra acestor asociaii arat c bivalvele autohtone sufer un declin
datorita densitatilor mari atinse de aceasta specie, dar populaiile de amfipode, tanaidacee, gasteropode
sau polichete devin mai numeroase. De asemenea, aglomerarile de Musculista determina inhibarea
dezvoltrii asociaiei cu Zostera in vreme ce populaii de iarba de mare sau de alge viguroase inhiba
dezvoltarea unor aglomeraii mari ale bivalvei.
Harta de distributie:
http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20m?btxt=microscope&burl=htpp://microscope.mbl.edu&act=make_map;
http://www.ciesm.org/atlas/Musculistasenhousia.html
57
Fotografie: http://www.exoticsguide.org/species_pages/m_senhousia.html
Areal nativ: Pacificul de vest si de nord din Singapore pn n zona Insulelor Kurile.
Areal invaziv: Coastele americane, din Canada pn n Baja California unde a fost introdusa in 1924,
Australia - 1983, Tasmania, Noua Zeeland, Tanzania, Madagascar; Semnalata in zona Canalului de Suez
(Hoenselaar and Dekker, 1998). In Mediterana este semnalata din Israel (Barash, Danin, 1971), laguna
Bardawil - Egipt (Barash and Danin, 1971a), Franta, Etang de Thau (Hoenselaar and Hoenselaar, 1989);
laguna Ravenna (Italia) (Lazzari, Rinaldi, 1994); Slovenia (De Min, Vio, 1997).
In Marea Neagra (semnalata in zona portului Constanta, la sud de digul care marginaste portul Agigea D.
Micu, in 2004). Exemplare izolate au fost identificate in foulingul navelor oceanice din portul Constanta
Cai de patrundere: fouling sau apa de balast in stadii larvare sau prin intermediul mariculturii.
Impact: modificarea structurii asociaiilor bentale autohtone
Cai de combatere: respectarea regulilor cu privire la fouling si apa de balast. Dup instalare nu exista
mijloace de combatere.
Bibliografie:
Allen, B. J. Williams S.L.. 2003. Native eelgrass Zostera marina controls growth and reproduction of an
invasive mussel through food limitation. Marine Ecology Progress Series 254: 57-67.
Carlton, J.T. 1979. History, Biogeography, and Ecology of the Introduced Marine and Estuarine Invertebrates
of the Pacific Coast of North America. Ph.D. thesis, University of California, Davis, CA (pp. 449-453).
Coan, E.V., Valentich-Scott P., Bernard F.R., Sadeghian P.S.. 2000. Bivalve Seashells of Western North
America. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History Monographs, Santa Barbara, CA.
Cohen, A.N., Carlton J.T.. 1995. Nonindigenous Aquatic Species in a United States Estuary: A Case Study of
the Biological Invasions of the San Francisco Bay and Delta. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, DC (p.
64-65).
Crooks, J.A. 1998. Habitat alteration and community-level effects of an exotic mussel, Musculista senhousia.
Marine Ecology Progress Series 162: 137-152.
Crooks, J.A. 2001. Assessing invader roles within changing ecosystems: historical and experimental
perspectives on an exotic mussel in an urbanized lagoon. Biological Invasions 3: 23-36.
Crooks, J.A. 2002. Predators of the invasive mussel Musculista senhousia (Mollusca: Mytilidae). Pacific
Science 56(1): 49-56.
Morton, B. 1974. Some aspects of the biology, population dynamics and functional morphology of
Musculista senhousia Benson (Bivalvia, Mytilidae). Pacific Science 28: 19-33.
Reusch, T.B.H. Williams S.L.. 1998. Variable responses of a native eelgrass Zostera marina to a nonindigenous bivalve Musculista senhousia. Oecologia 113: 428-441.
Willan, R.C. 1987. The mussel Musculista senhousia in Australasia: another aggressive alien highlights the
need for quarantine at ports. Bulletin of Marine Science 41(2): 475-489.
58
59
http://www.guiamarina.com/balticsea/03%20Animals/05%20Mollusca/Bivalvia/Teredo%20navalis/Teredo%20navalis%2002.ht
m
http://www.marine.csiro.au/crimp/nimpis/spSummary.asp?txa=10036
Hayward, P.J., Ryland, J.S. (1996). Handbook of the Marine Fauna of North-West Europe. Oxford University
Press, Oxford.
60
Kristensen, E.S. (1979). Observations on growth and life cycle of the shipworm Teredo navalis L. (Bivalvia,
Mollusca) in the Isefjord, Denmark. Ophelia 18(2):235-242.
Norman, E. (1977). The geographical distribution and the growth of the wood-boring molluscs Teredo
navalis L., Psiloteredo megotara (Hanley) and Xylophaga dorsalis (Turton) on the Swedish west
coast. Ophelia 16(2):233-250.
61
Jaeckel S., 1954 Zur Kenntnis der Meeres - und Brachewasser-Mollusken von Varna (Bulgarien). Acta hydrobiologica,
Hydrographica et Limnologica. Hydrobiologia. Den Haag, Vol. VI Nr. 1-2.
62
Jaeckel S., 1954 Zur Kenntnis der Meeres - und Brachewasser-Mollusken von Varna (Bulgarien). Acta hydrobiologica,
Hydrographica et Limnologica. Hydrobiologia. Den Haag, Vol. VI Nr. 1-2.
63
64
[Sinonime:] Corbula amplexa (P. ustuala) Adams, 1862, Corbula frequens (P. ustulata) Yokoyama, 1922, Corbula
labiata (P. ustulata) Reeve, 1844, Corbula pustulosa (P. ustulata) Yokoyama, 1922, Corbula ustulata (P.
ustulata) Reeve, 1844, Corbula vladivostokensis (P. ustulata) Bartsch, 1929, Potamocorbula amurensis
Reeve (1861), Potamocorubala ustulata separate spp by Carlton, 1999., 1844
Clasa: Bivalvia
Ordinul: Heterodonta (Myoida)
Suprafamilia: Myoidea
Familia: Corbulidae
Descriere: Specie sedimentofila de talie mic 1 3 cm lungime, cu valve uor inechilaterale, netede, de
culoare alb-murdar, galbuie sau portocalie. Sifoanele scurte, de culoare brunie.
Ecologie: Prefer fundurile sedimentare (de la diferite tipuri de ml pn la funduri nisipoase; cele mai
mari aglomeraii le prezint pe funduri cu amestec de ml i nisip), exemplarele stnd pe jumtate sau cu
2/3 din corp ngropat n sediment, unde se ancoreaz cu fire de bissus. Se gseste att n zona subtidala
ct i n zone care pot fi expuse la aer o perioada de cteva ore. Rezist foarte bine la salinitate sczut.
Este prezent att n ape tropicale ct i n ape temperat reci. De asemenea, dovedeste rezistanta la
poluare. Reproducerea are loc tot timpul anului n zonele mai calde, iar maturitatea sexuala seatinge n
cteva luni. In golful San Francisco se reproduce de doua ori, odata primavara i odat toamna iar n Korea
in mai iunie si septembrie octombrie. O femela poate produce intre 45 000 si 220 000 oocite (Nicolini &
Penry (2000).
In Golful San Francisco s-a stabilit dup marile inundaii din 1986 care au eliminat concurena speciilor
autohtone. Se hrnete att cu fito ct i cu zooplancton (in special diatomee si copeode). In timpul
filtrarii, aspira si omoara stadiile larvare ale altor bivalve. S-a dovedit mai competitiv ca Mya arenaria, pe
care a nlocuit-o n anumite zone dinGolful San Francisco. A produs modificri radicale ale asociaiilor de
organisme bentale autohtone.
Harta de distributie:
Fotografie:
http://research.calacademy.org/research/izg/SFBay2K/Potamocorbula%20amurensis.htm
www.manandmollusc.net/Odessa/corbula.gif
65
Bibliografie:
http://research.calacademy.org/research/izg/SFBay2K/animalthumbnailimages.htm
http://www.oar.noaa.gov/spotlite/archive/spot_ucsd.html
http://toxics.usgs.gov/pubs/cos-procee/sec.h-sfbay/luoma.final/luoma.final.html
www.manandmollusc.net/Odessa/corbula.gif
http://www.biodiversity.govt.nz/seas/biosecurity/pests/clam.html
ITIS Report: the Integrated Taxonomic Information System
The Global Invasive Species Database
http://www.issg.org/database/species/search.asp?st=100ss&fr=1&sts=#SpeciesList
Luoma Samuel N., Nichols Frederic H, 1993 .- Challenges in Detecting Contaminant Effects on an
Estuarine Ecosystem Affected by Many Different Disturbances: San Francisco Bay U.S. Geological Survey
Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado,
September 20-24, 1993, Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015
66
Bcescu M, Mller GI, Gomoiu MT (1971) Marine Ecologi IV. Research of benthic ecology in Black
Sea/Ecologie marina Vol. 4 Cercetri de ecologie bental n Marea Neagr. Editura Academiei Romne, 357
pp.
Gomoiu MT, Skolka M (1996) Changements recents dans la biodiversite de la Mer Noire dus aux immigrants,
67
Konsulov A (1998) Black Sea Biological Diversity Bulgaria. GEF/BSEP, Black Sea Environmental Series, 5, UN
Publications, New York: 131 pp.
Konsulov A, Konsulova T (1998) Biological Diversity of the Black Sea. Zoobenthos and Zooplankton, in
Bulgaria's Biological Diversity: Conservation Status and Needs Assessment Biodiversity Support Program,
Meine Curt, March 1998; http://www.worldwildlife.org/bsp/publications/europe/bulgaria
Piti I, Lctuu V (1971) Pollution biologique de leau du port de Constantza (Mer Noire) avec Mercierella
enigmatica, Rapports de la Commission Internationale de la Mer Mediterranee 20 (3): 287-288
Micu D, Micu S (2004) A new type of zoobenthos community from the rocky bottoms of the Black Sea.
International Workshop of the Black Sea benthos, 18 23 April 2004, Istambul, Turkey, 75 87.
Zaitsev YP, Mamaev V, (1997) Marine Biological Diversity in the Black Sea. A study of change and decline.
Black Sea Enviromnental Series, U.N. Publications, New York, 208 pp
Zaitsev YP (2001) Invasive species in the Black Sea, 1St Black Sea Conference on ballast water control and
management, Odessa, Ukraine 10 12 oct. 2001, Conference Report, Bashtanyy R., Webster L., Raaymakers S.
(eds), Global Mondograph Series No.3, Annex 4, 1-5.
68
Fotografie: www.iop.krakow.pl/gatunkiobce/zdjecia/27.jpg
http://www.europe-aliens.org/speciesFactsheet.do?speciesId=53375
69
Impact: Studii au dovedit c Marenzelleria neglecta influeneaz negativ speciile native de polichete (Nereis
diversicolor) i amfipode, afectnd compoziia comunitilor bentonice locale. Produce modificri n dieta
petilor bentonci.
Cai de combatere:
Bibliografie:
www.nobanis.org/files/factsheets/Marenzelleria_neglecta.pdf
www.iop.krakow.pl/gatunkiobce/zdjecia/27.jpg.
http://www.corpi.ku.lt/nemo/directory_details.php?sp_name=Marenzelleria+neglecta
http://www.europe-aliens.org/speciesFactsheet.do?speciesId=53375
Bastrop R., Roehner M., Sturmbauer C., Juerss K. 1997. Where did Marenzelleria spp. (Polychaeta:
Spionidae) in Europe come from? Aquat. Ecol., 31(2): 137-148.
Bick A., Burckhardt R. 1989. Erstnachweis von Marenzelleria viridis (Polychaeta, Spionidae) fur den
Ostseeraum, mit einem Bestimmungsschlussel der Spioniden der Ostsee. Mitteilungen des Zoologischen
Museums Berlin, 65: 237-247.
Bochert R. 1997. Marenzelleria viridis (Polychaeta: Spionidae): a review of its reproduction. Aquatic Ecology
31: 163-175.
Dauer D.M., Maybury C.M., Ewing R.M. 1981. Feeding behavior and general ecology of several spionid
polychaetes from the Chesapeake Bay. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 54: 21-38
Daunys D., Olenin S., Schiedek D. 2001. The species strategy near its boundary: the Marenzelleria cf. viridis
(Polychaeta, Annelida) case in the brackish Baltic Sea. International Review of Hydrobiology, 85 (5-6): 639652.
Daunys D., Oleninas S. 1999. Bottom macrofauna communities in the northern part of the Curonian Lagoon,
south-eastern Baltic Sea. Ekologija, 2: 19-27 [in Lithuanian with English summary].
Daunys D., Zettler M., Gollasch S. 1999. Marenzelleria cf. viridis (Verill, 1873). In: Case histories on
introduced species: their general biology, distribution, range expansion and impact. Gollasch S., Minchin D.,
Rosental H., Voigt M. (Eds.). University of Kiel, Germany: 61-67.
Eno N.C., Clark R.A., Sanderson W.G. 1997. Non-native marine species in British waters: a review and
directory. Published by JNCC, Peterborough: 152pp.
Ezhova E. E., Peretertova O. 1999. Ecosystem effect of the successful invader Marenzelleria viridis. In: 16th
Baltic Marine Biologists Symposium. Klaipeda University, Coastal Research and Planning Institute: 52p.
Ezhova E., Spirido O. 2005. Patterns of spatial and temporal distribution of the Marenzelleria cf. viridis
population in the lagoon and marine environment in the Southeastern Baltic Sea. Oceanological and
Hydrobiological Studies, 34(1): 209-226.
Ezhova E., Zmudzinski L. and Maciejewska K. 2005. Long-term trends in the macrozoobenthos of the Vistula
Lagoon, southeastern Baltic Sea. Species composition and biomass distribution. Bulletin of the Sea Fisheries
and biomass distribution. Bulletin of the Sea Fisheries Institute, 1(164): 55-73.
Gollasch S., Leppakoski E. 1999. Initial Risk Assessment of Alien Species in Nordic Coastal Waters. Nord, 8: 7124
Gruszka 1999. The river Odra estuary as a gateway for alien species immigration to the Baltic Sea Basin. Acta
hydrochimica et hydrobiologica, 27(5): 374-382.
Kotta J., Kotta I., Simm M., Lankov A., Lauringson V., Pollumae A., Ojaveer H. 2006. Ecological consequences
of biological invasions: three invertebrate case studies in the north-eastern Baltic Sea. Helgol. Mar. Res., 60:
106-112.
Neideman R., Wenngren J., Olafsson E. 2003. Competition between the introduced polychaete Marenzelleria
sp. and the native amphipoda Monoporeia affinis in Baltic soft bottoms. Mar. Ecol. Progr. Ser. 264: 49?55.
Olenin S., Leppakoski E., Gollasch S., Gruszka P., Skora K., Hoppe K., Ojaveer H., Orlova M. 2002. Recently
introduced non-indigenous species. Environment of the Baltic Sea area, 1994-1998. HELCOM. Baltic Sea
Environment Proceedings, 82B: 173-175.
Rudinskaya L. 1999. Introduction of Marenzelleria viridis into Vistula Lagoon of the Baltic Sea. 16th Baltic
Marine Biologists Symposium. Klaipeda University, Coastal Research and Planning Institute: 85 p.
70
Sikorski A.V., Bick A. 2004. Revision of Marenzelleria Mesnil, 1896 (Spionidae, Polychaeta). Sarsia, Vol. 89, Nr
4: 253-275.
WGITMO. Report. 2001. International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. Barcelona, Spain:100pp.
Winkler H.M., Debus L. 1997. Is the polychaete Marenzelleria viridis an important food item for fish? Proc.
13th BMB Symposium in 1993, Riga (Latvia): 147-151.
Zettler M.L. 1996. Oekologische Untersuchungen am Neozoon Marenzelleria viridis (Verrill, 1873)
(Polychaeta: Spionidae) in einem Kuestengewaeser der suedlichen Ostsee. Ph.D. Thesis, Rostock University,
pp. 149.
Zettler M.L. 1996. Successful establishment of the spionid polychaete, Marenzelleria viridis (Verrill, 1873), in
the Darss-Zingst estuary (southern Baltic) and its influence on the indigenous macrozoobenthos. Arch. Fish.
Mar. Res., 43 (3): 273-284.
Zettler M.L., Bochert R., Bick A. 1994. Roehrenbau und Vertikalverteilung von Marenzelleria viridis
(Polychaeta: Spionidae) in einem Kuestengewaeser der suedlichen Ostsee. Rostocker Meeresbiologische
Beitraege, 2: 215-225.
71
72
73
Mascul + femela
Femela
Areal nativ: specie pelagica cosmopolita, lipsind doar in apele polare nordice.
Areal invaziv: posibil Marea Neagra
Cai de patrundere: apa de balast a navelor
Impact: schimbarea structurii comunitatilor planctonice autohtone
Cai de combatere: respectarea masurilor privind apele de balast.
Bibliografie:
Razouls C., de Bove F., Kouwenberg J. et Desreumaux N., 2005-2008. - Diversity and Geographic
Distribution of Marine Planktonic Copepods. Available at http://copepodes.obs-banyuls.fr/en
74
Mascul
Femela
Areal nativ: Specie cosmopolita pelagica, lipsind doar n mrile polare nordice (www.itis.gov)
Areal invaziv: In Marea Neagr prezena sa este nesigur.
Cai de patrundere: apa de balast a navelor
Impact: schimbarea structurii comunitilor planctonice autohtone.
Cai de combatere: respectarea regulilor de tratare a apei de balast.
75
Bibliografie:
Razouls C., de Bove F., Kouwenberg J. et Desreumaux N., 2005-2008. - Diversity and Geographic
Distribution of Marine Planktonic Copepods. Available at http://copepodes.obs-banyuls.fr/en [Accessed
December 16, 2008
Apostolopoulou M., 1971 - Marine Biology 9: Vertical distribution, diurnal and seasonal migration of
copepods in Saronic Bay, Greece, 92---98
76
77
Razouls C., de Bove F., Kouwenberg J. et Desreumaux N., 2005-2008. - Diversity and Geographic
Distribution of Marine Planktonic Copepods. Available at http://copepodes.obs-banyuls.fr/en
Apostolopoulou M., 1971 - Marine Biology 9: Vertical distribution, diurnal and seasonal migration of
copepods in Saronic Bay, Greece, 92---98
78
http://www.obsvlfr.fr/~gaspari/copepods_guide/clauso
_arcui_fem.htm
Areal nativ: Specie subtropicala cosmopolit, prezent n susul estul si vestul Africii australe, Oceanul
Indian, Oceanul Pacific, intre paralele de 50 grade latitudine nordica si sudica. Prezent de asemenea n
Marea Mediterana. In Marea Neagra nu a fost mentionat.
Areal invaziv: posibil Marea Neagra
Cai de patrundere: posibil apa de balast a navelor
Impact: modificarea structurii comunitatilor zooplanctonice autohtone.
Cai de combatere: respectarea regulilor de debalastare.
Bibliografie:
Boxshall, G. (2001). Copepoda (excl. Harpacticoida), in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine
species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection
Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 252-268
http://copepodes.obs-banyuls.fr/en/fichesp.php?sp=592
79
http://copepodes.obsbanyuls.fr/en/images/image.php?c=s&i=592&view=/copepodes_cartes_grandes/354.jpg&t=Clausocalanus%20arcuicor
nis%20-%20Distribution%20map%203
http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=85353
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=104502
http://www.obs-vlfr.fr/~gaspari/copepods_guide/clauso_arcui_fem.htm
Okemwa, E.N. (1988). The composition and structure of the plankton community in the Tudor Creek, Mombasa, Kenya
Razouls C., de Bove F., Kouwenberg J. et Desreumaux N., 2005-2008. - Diversity and Geographic Distribution of Marine
Planktonic Copepods. Available at http://copepodes.obs-banyuls.fr/en
Smith, S.L. (1982). The northwestern Indian Ocean during the monsoons of 1979: distribution, abundance, and feeding
of zooplankton. Deep Sea Research, Vol. 29. No. 11A 1331 - 1353.
80
Femela
Mascul
Chen & S.-z. Zhang in Studia Marina Sinica, 1974, 9.
81
Areal nativ: Specie cosmopolita, din zona arctica pana in zona antarctica, atat in zonele temperate cat si in
zonele tropicale. In Marea Mediterana lipseste in unele zone din dreptul coastelor nord-africane. In Marea
Neagr lipseste.
Areal invaziv: Specie potential invaziva in Marea Neagra
Cai de patrundere: Apa de balast a anavelor
Impact: schimbarea compozitiei comunitatilor planctonice autohtone.
Cai de combatere: respectarea regulilor de debalastare.
Bibliografie:
Razouls C., de Bove F., Kouwenberg J. et Desreumaux N., 2005-2008. - Diversity and Geographic Distribution of Marine
Planktonic Copepods. Available at http://copepodes.obs-banyuls.fr/en
Cornils B. Niehoff C. Richter T. Al-Najjar, and S. B. Schnack-Schiel, 2007 - Seasonal abundance and reproduction of
clausocalanid copepods in the northern Gulf of Aqaba (Red Sea) , Journal of Plankton Research Volume 29, Number
1: January 2007, (http://plankt.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract)
Razouls Claude1994 - Manuel d'identification des principales espces de coppodes plagiques antarctiques et
subantarctiques Annales de L'Institut Ocanographiques, tome 70, fascicule 1 3-204
http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=85363
82
http://www.sahfos.ac.uk/taxonmanual/detail.php?sp=Cymbasoma%20rigidum
Boxshall G, Halsey S., 2004 - An Introduction to copepod diversity London: The Ray Society, 966 pp.
Rose M., 1933 - Coppodes plagiques. Faune de France. 26. Paris: Paul le Chevalier. 374 pp.
Wilson C.B.,1932 - The copepods of the Woods Hole Region, Massachusetts. Bulletin United States National
Museum,158:1-635
Isaac M.L., 1975 - Copepoda: Monstrilloida. Conseil International pour lExploration de la Mer. Zooplankton
Sheets,144-145:1-10
Sars G.O. 1921 - An account of the Crustacea of Norway. Vol.VIII. Copepoda Monstrilloida and Notodelphyoida.
Bergen: Bergen Museum,:90 pages, 37 plates
Suarez-Morales E. 2000 - The male of Cymbasoma quintanarooense (Suarez-Morales) (Copepoda, Monstrilloida)
from the Caribbean, with an identification key for the known males of Cymbasoma. Sarsia, 85:203-210
Suarez-Morales E. 2006 - Validation and redescription of Cymbasoma germanicum (Timm) (Crustacea: Copepoda:
Monstrilloida) from Helgoland with comments on Cymbasoma rigidum Thompson. Helgoland Marine
Research,60:171-179
83
Razouls C., de Bove F., Kouwenberg J. et Desreumaux N., 2005-2008. - Diversity and Geographic
Distribution of Marine Planktonic Copepods. Available at http://copepodes.obs-banyuls.fr/en
http://www.sahfos.ac.uk/taxonmanual/detail.php?sp=Cymbasoma%20thompsoni#General%20Description
Rose M., 1933 - Coppodes plagiques. Faune de France. 26. Paris: Paul le Chevalier. 374 pp.
Isaac M.L., 1975 - Copepoda: Monstrilloida. Conseil International pour lExploration de la Mer. Zooplankton
Sheets,144-145:1-10
84
Mascul
Femela
Razouls C., de Bove F., Kouwenberg J. et Desreumaux N., 2005-2008. - Diversity and Geographic
Distribution of Marine Planktonic Copepods. Available at http://copepodes.obs-banyuls.fr/en
85
Walter, T. Chad. (2008). Lichomolgus insignis (Aurivillius, 1882). In: Walter, T.C., Boxshall, G. (Eds) (2008). World
Copepoda database. Accessed through the World Register of Marine Species at
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=359182 on 2008-12-21.
86
87
Fotografie:
http://copepodes.obsbanyuls.fr/en/images/image.php?c=s&i=1920&view=/copepodes_images_grandes/6562.jpg&t=Monstrilla%20grandis%20%20Plate%205%20of%20morphological%20figures
http://copepodes.obsbanyuls.fr/en/images/image.php?c=s&i=1920&view=/copepodes_images_grandes/6561.jpg&t=Monstrilla%20grandis%20%20Plate%204%20of%20morphological%20figures
Mascul
Femela
Areal nativ: prezenta in Atlanticul de Est (coastele Marii Britanii pana in peninsula Iberica, Atlanticul
central din estul SUA pana in vestul Africii, Marea Caraibilor, coastele Braziliei si Argentinei, Mediterana
Occidentala, Marea Rosie, Marea Chinei de Sud, Marea Japoniei, coastele pacifice ale Americii de Sud
(Chile).
Areal invaziv: Marea Neagra
Cai de patrundere: probabil apa de balast a navelor
Impact: modificarea structurii comunitatilor autohtone.
Cai de combatere: Bibliografie:
http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=206187
Razouls C., de Bove F., Kouwenberg J. et Desreumaux N., 2005-2008. - Diversity and Geographic Distribution of Marine
Planktonic Copepods. Available at http://copepodes.obs-banyuls.fr/en
http://www.answers.com/topic/monstrilla-grandis
88
Monstrilla
http://copepodes.obsbanyuls.fr/en/images/image.php?c=s&i=1923&view=/copepodes_images_grandes/6577.jpg&t=Monstrilla%20helgolan
dica%20-%20Plate%202%20of%20morphological%20figures
http://copepodes.obsbanyuls.fr/en/images/image.php?c=s&i=1923&view=/copepodes_images_grandes/4155.jpg&t=Monstrilla%20helgolan
dica%20-%20Plate%201%20of%20morphological%20figures
Mascul
Femela
Areal nativ: specie cosmopolita, prezenta in Atlantic de pe coastele Groenlandei pn n Brazilia, Oceanul
Indian, Oceanul Pacific din Alaska si arhipelagul nipon pn n Pacificul de sud. Lipseste din apele polare.
Areal invaziv: Marea Neagra
Material realizat de:
Conf. dr. Marius Skolka, asist. cercetare drd. Cristina Preda, stud. master Ctlin Stanciu, stud. master Raluca Fabian
89
http://copepodes.obs-banyuls.fr/en/fichesp.php?sp=1923
http://copepodes.obs-banyuls.fr/en/fichesp_subzones.php?sp=1923&nloc=14
Razouls C., de Bove F., Kouwenberg J. et Desreumaux N., 2005-2008. - Diversity and Geographic
Distribution of Marine Planktonic Copepods. Available at http://copepodes.obs-banyuls.fr/en
De Oliveira Dias Cristina, Costa Bonecker Srgio Luiz, 2007 - Study Of Monstrilloida Distribution (Crustacea,
Copepoda) in the Southwest Atlantic, Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences (2007) 2 (3): 270-278
90
http://copepodes.obs-banyuls.fr/en/fichesp.php?sp=1929
http://copepodes.obs-banyuls.fr/en/fichesp_subzones.php?sp=1929&nloc=14
Fotografie:
http://copepodes.obs-banyuls.fr/en/fichesp.php?sp=1929
91
http://copepodes.obs-banyuls.fr/en/fichesp.php?sp=1929
Mark, Andres Hans-Georg, 2000 - Survival of tropical ballast water organisms during a cruise from the Indian
Ocean to the North Sea, Journal of Plankton Research Vol.22 no.5 pp.923937, 2000
92
Fotografie:
http://copepodes.obs-banyuls.fr/en/fichesp.php?sp=1079
Femela 1
Masculul - 5
93
Bibliografie:
http://copepodes.obs-banyuls.fr/en/fichesp.php?sp=1079
Razouls C., de Bove F., Kouwenberg J. et Desreumaux N., 2005-2008. - Diversity and Geographic
Distribution of Marine Planktonic Copepods. Available at http://copepodes.obs-banyuls.fr/en
Shields, J.D. 1994. The parasitic dinoflagellates of marine crustaceans. Ann. Rev. Fish Diseases 4: 241-271
http://www.obs-vlfr.fr/~gaspari/copepods_guide/para_parvus_fem.htm
94
95
Cai de patrundere: ?
Impact:
Cai de combatere: Bibliografie:
http://copepodes.obs-banyuls.fr/en/fichesp.php?sp=1085
Razouls C., de Bove F., Kouwenberg J. et Desreumaux N., 2005-2008. - Diversity and Geographic
Distribution of Marine Planktonic Copepods. Available at http://copepodes.obs-banyuls.fr/en
96
97
- Verruca stroemia
Areal nativ: Marea Mediterana, de la Gibraltar pna in Mediterana orientala, arhipelagurile Madeira si
Azore.
Areal invaziv: Marea Neagr; nauplii ale acestei specii sunt citate din golful Sevastopol. In dreptul
litoralului romnesc a fost citat de la Agigea. In ultimele decenii nu se cunoate nimic despre populaiile
acestei specii.
Cai de patrundere: fouling si apa de balast (ca larve)
Impact: modificarea structurii asociaiilor bentale.
Cai de combatere: respectarea prevederilor cu privire la fouling si apa de balast.
Bibliografie:
Zernov1913;
Dolgopolskaia1954;
Porumb, 1959
Young Paulo S., Zibrowius Helmut , Bitar Ghazi , 2003 - Verruca stroemia and Verruca spengleri (Crustacea:
Cirripedia): distribution in the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea Journal of the Marine
Biological Association of the UK (2003), 83 : 89-93 Cambridge University Press
98
Chthamallus sp.
99
Areal nativ: Specie cosnopolit, rpndit pe coastele atlantice ale Europei, Africii pana in zona Insulelor
Capului Verde, Americii de Nord i de Sud, Extremul Orient, coastele pacifice americane
Areal invaziv: Marea Neagr
Cai de patrundere: fouling, apa de balast.
Impact: modificarea structurii asociaiilor marine bentale.
Cai de combatere: nu exist
Bibliografie:
http://www.marlin.ac.uk/species/adult_distrib_Chthamalusstellatus.htm
Burrows, M.T., Hawkins, S.J. & Southward, A.J., 1992. A comparison of reproduction in co-occurring
chthamalid barnacles, Chthamalus stellatus (Poli) and Chthamalus montagui Southward. Journal of
Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 160, 229-249.
Crisp, D.J., Southward, A.J. & Southward, E.C., 1981. On the distribution of the intertidal barnacles
Chthamalus stellatus, Chthamalus montagui and Euraphia depressa. Journal of the Marine Biological
Association of the United Kingdom, 61, 359-380.
Hayward, P.J. & Ryland, J.S. (ed.), 1995b. Handbook of the marine fauna of North-West Europe. Oxford:
Oxford University Press.
Hayward, P., Nelson-Smith, T. & Shields, C., 1996. Collins pocket guide. Sea shore of Britain and northern
Europe. London: HarperCollins.
Moore, H.B. & Kitching, J.A., 1939. The biology of Chthamalus stellatus (Poli). Journal of the Marine
Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 23, 521-541.
Pannacciulli, F.G. & Relini, G., 2000. The vertical distribution of Chthamalus montagui and Chthamalus
stellatus (Crustacea, Cirripedia) in two areas of the NW Mediterranean Sea. Hydrobiologia, 426, 105-112.
Southward, A.J., 1955. On the behaviour of barnacles. I. The relation of cirral and other activities to
temperature. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 34, 403-432.
Southward, A.J., 1967. Recent changes in abundance of intertidal barnacle in south-west England: a possible
effect of climatic deterioration. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 47, 8185.
Southward, A.J., 1976. On the taxonomic status and distribution of Chthamalus stellatus (Cirripedia) in the
north-eastern Atlantic region: with a key to the common intertidal barnacles of Britain. Journal of the
Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 56, 1007-1028.
Southward, A.J., 1991. Forty years of changes in species composition and population density of barnacles on
a rocky shore near Plymouth. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 71, 495513.
100
101
Bcescu M, Mller GI, Gomoiu MT (1971) Marine Ecologi IV. Research of benthic ecology in Black Sea/Ecologie
marina Vol. 4 Cercetri de ecologie bental n Marea Neagr. Editura Academiei Romne, 357 pp.
Gomoiu MT, Skolka M (1996) Changements recents dans la biodiversite de la Mer Noire dus aux immigrants,
GeoEcoMarina, 1/1996: 49-66
Zaitsev YP, Mamaev V, (1997) Marine Biological Diversity in the Black Sea. A study of change and decline. Black Sea
Enviromnental Series, U.N. Publications, New York, 208 pp
Zaitsev YP (2001) Invasive species in the Black Sea, 1St Black Sea Conference on ballast water control and
102
management, Odessa, Ukraine 10 12 oct. 2001, Conference Report, Bashtanyy R., Webster L., Raaymakers S.
(eds), Global Mondograph Series No.3, Annex 4, 1-5.Skolka M, Fgra M, Paraschiv G (2006) Biodiversity of
Dobroudja, Ovidius University Press, 396 pp. (in Romanian).
Skolka M, Gomoiu MT (2004) Invasive species in Black Sea. Ecological impact of invasiuve species in aquatic
ecosystems, Ovidius University Press, 180 pp. (in Romanian)
103
Areal nativ: Originar din apele americane coasta atlantic a Statelor Unite, Marea Caraibilor, coastele
Americii de Sud
Areal invaziv: coastele vestice ale Europei; Marea Neagr, fiind citat n 1933, n dreptul coastelor bulgare.
Spre deosebire de Balanus improvisus, nu s-a extins spre nord, fiind o specie relativ rar n Marea Neagr.
Cai de patrundere: fouling, apa de balast
Impact: modificarea structurii asociatiilor marine bentale.
Cai de combatere: nu exist
Bibliografie:
http://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.asp?speciesID=79
http://www2.bishopmuseum.org/HBS/invertguide/species/balanus_eburneus.htm
104
http://www.exoticsguide.org/species_pages/b_amphitrite.html;
http://www2.bishopmuseum.org/HBS/invertguide/species/balanus_amphitrite.htm
; http://www.elkhornslough.org/research/aquaticinvaders/aquatic6.htm
http://www.sms.si.edu/irlspec/Balanus_amphitrite.htm
Wiegemann M (2008) Wild cyprids metamorphosing in vitro reveal the presence of Balanus amphitrite Darwin,
1854 in the German Bight basin Aquatic Invasions Volume 3, Issue 2: 235-238 DOI 10.3391/ai.2008.3.2.14
CIESM (2009) The Mediterranean Science Comision (CIESM). http://www.ciesm.org/online/atlas/index.htm,
Accessed 12 August 2009
DAISIE (2009) Delivering Alien Invasive Species Inventories for Europe (DAISIE). http://www.europe-aliens.org/,
Accessed 17 August 2009
105
Areal nativ: Oceanul Indian, Oceanul Pacific din ins. Java pana in Peru si coastele vestice ale Americii de
Nord, Australia, Noua Zeelanda, Japonia, Malaesia.
106
Areal invaziv: Brazilia, Guineea, Ins. Madeira, Marea Rosie, Atlanticul de Sud, si de nord, coastele de est
ale SUA. Posibila invaziva pentru Marea Neagra.
Cai de patrundere: fouling sau in apa de balast (ca larve)
Impact: modificarea structurii asociatiilor bentale autohtone
Cai de combatere: respectarea prevederilor privind foulingul si apa de balast.
Bibliografie:
www.museum.wa.gov.au/DAMPIER/images/explore/c...
http://nis.gsmfc.org/nis_factsheet.php?toc_id=121
Ayling, A. M. 1976. The Strategy Of Orientation In The Barnacle Balanus Trigonus. Marine Biology 36: 335342.
Brewer, J. P. 1957. Ecological Survey Of Baffin And Alazan Bays, Texas. Publications Of The Institute Of
Marine Science, University Of Texas 4(2): 134-155.
Darwin, C. 1854. A Monograph Of The Sub-class Cirripedia With Figures Of All The Species. The Balanidae (or
Sessile Cirripedes); The Verrucidae, Etc. London. Ray Soc., 1-684.
Garcia, C. B. , and Moreno, I. 1998. Recruitment, Growth, Mortality And Orientation Patterns Of Balanus
Trigonus (Crustacea: Cirripedia) During Succession On Fouling Plates. Scientia Marina 62(1-2): 59-64.
Moore, H. B.; And B. F. McPherson. 1963. Colonization Of The Miami Area By The Barnacle Balanus Trigonus
Darwin And A Note On Its Occurence On The Test Of An Echinoid. Bulletin Of Marine Science Of The Gulf
And Caribbean 13(3): 418-421.
Starostin, I. V. (Ed.). 1968. Marine Fouling And Borers. Washington D.C.: Israel Program For Scientific
Translations.
Weltner, W. 1897. Verzeichnis Der Bisher Beschriebenen Recenten Cirripedienarten. Arch. Naturg., Jahr.
1897, Bd. 1: 227-280.
Werner, W. E. , Jr. 1967. The Distribution And Ecology Of The Barnacle Balanus Trigonus. Bulletin Of Marine
Science 17(1): 64-84.
Williams, A. H., Sutherland, J. P., and M. R. Hooper. 1984. Population Biology Of Balanus Trigonus On A
Subtidal Rocky Outcrop Near Beaufort, North Carolina. The Journal Of The Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society
100(1): 1-11.
Zullo, V. A. 1992. Balanus Trigonus Darwin (Cirripeida, Balaninae) In The Atlantic Basin: An Introduced
Species? Bulletin Of Marine Science 50(1): 66-74.
107
http://www.unige.ch/sciences/biologie/biani/msg/teaching/photos%20liste/Balanus%20perforatus.JPG
http://www.naturamediterraneo.com/forum/showpic.asp?pic=http://www.naturamediterraneo.com/Public
/data1/istrice/200582165751_balanus%20perforatus.jpg
http://www.marlin.ac.uk/species/Balanusperforatus.htm
Skewes, M., 2008. Balanus perforatus. An acorn barnacle. Marine Life Information Network: Biology and
Sensitivity Key Information Sub-programme [on-line]. Plymouth: Marine Biological Association of the United
Kingdom.
108
Areal nativ: Oceanul Atlantic de Nord, Oceanul Arctic, Pacificul de Nord pana la coastele Japoniei si
Californiei
Areal invaziv: Marea Mediterana, Jamaica. Posibila specie invaziva in Marea Neagra.
Cai de patrundere: fouling sau apa de balast (ca larve)
Impact: modificarea structurii asociatiilor bentale
Cai de combatere: respectarea reglementarilor cu privire la fouling.si apa de balast.
Bibliografie:
http://www.marlin.ac.uk/species/Balanuscrenatus.htm
http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=89606&search_kingdom
=every&search_span=exactly_for&categories=All&source=html&search_credRating=All
http://www.marinespeciespugetsound.com/Balanus%20crenatus.htm
http://www.marlin.ac.uk/species/larval_senexp_Balanuscrenatus.htm
109
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=106122
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megabalanus
http://www.marbef.org/data/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=106225
Southward, A.J. (2001). Cirripedia - non-parasitic Thoracica, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register
of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification.
Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 280-283
Mller, Y. (2004). Faune et flore du littoral du Nord, du Pas-de-Calais et de la Belgique: inventaire. [Coastal fauna
and flora of the Nord, Pas-de-Calais and Belgium: inventory]. Commission Rgionale de Biologie Rgion Nord Pasde-Calais: France. 307 pp.
110
Fotografie:http://www.jaxshells.org/tsxx1.htm;
http://www.dnr.sc.gov/news/Yr2006/dec18/dec18_barnacle_pic.html
111
Areal nativ: zona Pacificului Oriental, coastele Americii Centrale si de Sud, California pn n Ecuador
Areal invaziv: coastele estice ale SUA, din Carolina de Nord pn n Florida si unele zone din Golful Mexic
(Lousiana). In aceste zone a devenit foarte comun dupa 2004, cand primele exemplare au fosat identificate
in Florida. Deaesemenea, este citat din Brazilia, unde a patruns in 1980 si din Belgia (1987, 2002) In Marea
Neagra, prezent in foulingul navelor. In mai multe randuri exemplare ale acestei specii au ajuns pe plaje la
Constanta in urma actiunilor de curatare a nevelor. Specie posibil invaziva in Marea Neagra
Cai de patrundere: fouling.
Impact: schimbarea structurii asociatiilor bentale
Cai de combatere: respectarea regulilor cu privire la foulingul marin.
Bibliografie:
http://www.sms.si.edu/irlspec/Megabalanus_coccopoma.htm
http://www.jaxshells.org/tsxx1.htm
http://www.dnr.sc.gov/news/Yr2006/dec18/dec18_barnacle_pic.html
http://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.asp?speciesID=2621
www.jaxshells.org/coco.jpg
Crisp D.J. and E. Bourget. 1985. Growth In barnacles. Advances In Marine Biology 22:199-244.
Florida Wildlife. 2007. New, bigger barnacle discovered on Florida's East Coast. Florida Wildlife 2007:13.
Kerckhof, F. 2002. Barnacles (Cirripedia, Balanomorpha) in Belgian waters: an overview of the species and recent
evolutions, with emphasis on exotic species. Bulletin van het Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor
Natuurwetenschappen. Biologie 72(Suppl.):93-104.
Newman, W.A., and R.R. McConnaughey. 1987. A tropical eastern Pacific barnacle, Megabalanus coccopoma
(Darwin), in southern California, following El Nio 1982-83. Pacific Science 41:31-36.
Powers A., Mitchell M., Walker R., Posey M., Alphin T., and C. Belcher. 2006. Baseline Port Surveys for
Introduced Marine Molluskan, Crustacean and Polychaete Species in the South Atlantic Bight . NOAA's National
Sea Grant Aquatic Nuisance Species Program. Project Number R/HAB-15; Grant number NA06RG0029. 310 pgs.
Tibbetts J.H. 2007. Knocking Back Biological Invaders. Coastal Heritage, South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium
21:3-11. Available online.
112
http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=all&search_value=Elminius+modestus&searc
h_kingdom=every&search_span=exactly_for&categories=All&source=html&search_credRating=All
www.glaucus.org.uk/Bblb.jpg
Barnes, H.; Stone, R.L., 1972 - New Record for Elminius Modestus Darwin, 1854, in Western
Scotland (Cirripedia, Thoracica) Crustaceana, Volume 23, Number 3, 1972 , pp. 309-310(2)
Crisp, D.J., 1958 - The spread of Elminius modestus Darwin in north-west Europe, Journal of the Marine
Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 37 (2). pp. 483-520.
Barnes H., Barnes, M. 1960. Recent spread and present distribution of the barnacle Elminius modestus
Darwin in north-west Europe. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 135: 137-145.
Barnes, H., & Barnes, M. 1966. Ecological and zoogeographical observations on some of the common
intertidal cirripedes of the coasts of the western European mainland in June-September, 1963. In: Some
contemporary studies in Marine Science, ed. by H. Barnes, 83-105,
Bishop, M.W.H. 1947. Establishment of an immigrant barnacle in British coastal waters. Nature, 159: 501.
113
Collins, J. 1959. Elminius modestus in the Stour Estuary. Transactions of the Suffolk Naturalists' Society, 11:
240-241.
Farnham, W.F. 1980. Studies on aliens in the marine flora of southern England. In: The shore environment,
volume 2: ecosystems, ed. by J.H. Price, D.E.G. Irvine & W.F. Farnham, 875-914. London, Academic Press.
(Systematics Association Special Volume, No. 17B.)
Hayward, P.J., & Ryland, J.S., eds. 1990. The marine fauna of the British Isles and north-west Europe. 2 vols.
Oxford, Clarendon Press.
Hiscock, K., Hiscock, S., & Baker, J.M. 1978. The occurrence of the barnacle Elminius modestus in Shetland.
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 58: 627-629.
Howson, C.M., Connor, D.W., & Holt, R.H.F. 1994. The Scottish sealochs - an account of surveys undertaken
for the Marine Nature Conservation Review. (Contractor: University Marine Biological Station, Millport).
JNCC Report No. 164. (Marine Nature Conservation Review Report MNCR/SR/27.)
114
115
Fotografie: http://www.univ-ovidius.ro/faculties/Nat_Science/main/Cercetare%20biodiversitate.htm
www.marine.csiro.au/crimp/images/NIMPIS/Sphae..
Foto. M. Skolka, 2006
Areal nativ: nordul Oceanului Indian
Areal invaziv: Marea Mediterane, coastele Braziliei, Marea Caraibilor, Brazilia, coastele atlantice i pacifice
ale Statelor Unite, Hawaii, Asia de Sus-Est, Australia, Marea Neagr.
Cai de patrundere: fouling
Impact: schimbarea structurii asociaiilor bentale.
Cai de combatere: nu exist
Bibliografie:
www.marine.csiro.au/crimp/images/NIMPIS/Sphae..
http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=92341
http://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/CollectionInfo.asp?SpeciesID=1084
Baker, W.H. (1928). Australian species of the Isopod Family Sphaeromidae (continued). Transactions and
Proceedings of the Royal Society of South Australia 52:49-61, plates1-6.
Carlton, J.T., Iverson, E.W. (1981). Biogeography and natural history of Sphaeroma walkeri Stebbing (Crustacea:
Isopoda) and its introduction to San Francisco Bay, California. Journal of Natural History 15:31-48.
Harrison, K., Holdich, D.M. (1984). Hemibranchiate sphaeromatids (Crustacea: Isopoda) from Queensland,
Australia, with a world-wide review of the genera discussed. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 81:275-387.
Jacobs, B.J.M. (1987). A taxonomic revision of the European Mediterranean and northwestern African species
generally placed in Sphaeroma Bosc 1802 (Isopoda, Flabellifera, Sphaeromatidae). Zoologische
Verhandelingen 238:3-71.
Material realizat de:
Conf. dr. Marius Skolka, asist. cercetare drd. Cristina Preda, stud. master Ctlin Stanciu, stud. master Raluca Fabian
116
Mak, P.M.S., Huang, Z.G. and Morton, B.S. (1985). Sphaeroma walkeri Stebbing (Isopoda, Sphaeromatidae)
introduced into and established in Hong Kong. Crustaceana 49(1):75-82.
Morton, B. (1987). Recent marine introductions into Hong Kong. IN: Second international symposium on indo
Pacific marine biology, Western Society of Naturalists, 41 503-513.
Scaico, M.A. (1982). Combined effect of temperature and salinity on survival of Sphaeroma walkeri Stebbing, 1905
(Crustacea, Isopoda). Revista Nordestina de Biologia 5:167-184.
Brusca, R. C., V. Coelho and S. Taiti. 2001. A Guide to the Coastal Isopods of California. Internet address:
http://tolweb.org/notes/?note_id=3004
117
118
www.diverosa.com/categories/Shrimp.htm
119
2010. In 1992 este semnalat din sudul Mrii Nordului, de pe coastele britanice (2001 2008), Belgia,
Olanda (2004), Germania (2004 2007), estyarul Senei (2006), golful Biscaya (1998 2006), Cadiz, estuarul
Guadalquivirului, san Pedro, Salado, Guadiana (1999 2009). In Marea Neagr este semnalat din dreptul
litoralului romnesc (de la Vama Veche pana in dreptul Gurii Portia) Constanta, in populaii numeroase
Micu, Nita, 2009) si din zona lacului Varna de la lit. Bulgariei (Ryakov et al, 2010). In zona litoralului
romnesc se apreciaz c ptrunderea s-a efectuat in perioada 2000 - 2002
Cai de patrundere: apa de balast a navelor
Impact: modificarea structurii comunitatilor bentale, competitie cu specii autohtone ca Astacus
leptocadtylus sau Palaemon adspersus si P. elegans sau specii invazive ca R. harrisii.
Cai de combatere: un exista
Bibliografie:
Lavesque N., Bachelet G., Bguer Mlanie, Girardin M., Lepage M., Blanchet H., Sorbe J.-C., Modran J.,
Sauriau P.-G., Auby Isabelle, 2010 - Recent expansion of the oriental shrimp Palaemon macrodactylus
(Crustacea: Decapoda) on the western coasts of France. Aquatic Invasions (2010) Volume 5, Supplement 1:
1: S103-S108; doi: 10.3391/ai.2010.5.S1.001 2010 pp S103-S108.
Ashelby C.W., Worsfold T.M., Fransen C.H.J.M., 2004 - First records of the oriental prawn Palaemon
macrodactylus (Decapoda: Caridea), an alien species in European waters, with a revised key to British
Palaemonidae. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 84: 10411050,
doi:10.1017/S0025315404010392h
Elder N., Fuller P., 2010 -Palaemon macrodactylus. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database,
Gainesville, FL. http://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.aspx?Species ID=1206
Micu D., Ni N., 2009 - First record of the Asian prawn Palaemon macrodactylus Rathbun, 1902 (Caridea:
Palaemonoidea: Palaemonidae) from the Black Sea. Aquatic Invasions 4: 597604 doi10.339/ai2009.4.4.5
Newman WA (1963) On the introduction of an edible oriental shrimp (Caridea, Palaemonidae) to San
Francisco Bay. Crustaceana 5: 119132, doi:10.1163/156854063X00390
Raykov VS, Lepage M, Prez-Domnguez R (2010) First record of oriental shrimp, Palaemon macrodactylus
Rathbun, 1902 in Varna Lake, Bulgaria. Aquatic Invasions 5: S91S95, doi:103391/ai.2010.5.S1.019
Spivak ED, Boschi EE, Martorelli SR (2006) Presence of Palaemon macrodactylus Rathbun 1902 (Crustacea:
Decapoda: Caridea: Palaemonidae) in Mar del Plata harbor, Argentina: first record from southwestern
Atlantic waters. Biological Invasions 8: 673676
Omori M, Chida Y (1988) Life history of a caridean shrimp Palaemon macrodactylus with special reference to
the difference in reproductive features among ages. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 54: 365375
120
Fotografie: http://www.ciesm.org/atlas/Marsupenaeusjaponicus.php
Areal nativ: Marea Japoniei
Areal invaziv: A fost introdus n sistemele de
acvacultur din multe state, fiind semnalat din
aproape toate regiunile globului, din zona Africii
Orientale pn n Pacificul central (Fiji). De
asemenea este semnalat din mai multe zone ale
Mediteranei (Egipt - 1924, Siria - 1928, Turcia 1930, Israel 1953, Cipru - 1969, Liban 1976,
Grecia 1996, Italia 1986 scapata din
acvacultura, Frana 1996, Spania) chiar i din
marea Marmara (2001). In bazinul mediteranean
a ptruns pe dou ci prin Canalul Suez i din
exemplare scpate din cresctorii (mai ales n
121
http://www.ciesm.org/atlas/Marsupenaeusjaponicus.php
Balss H., 1927. Bericht uber die Crustacea Decapoda (Natantia und Anomura). Zoological Results of the
Cambridge Expedition to the Suez Canal 1924. XIV. Transactions of the Linnean society of London, 22: 221227.
Holthuis L.B., 1987a. Crevettes. In: Fischer W., L. Bauchot and M. Schneider (eds.), 1987. Fiches FAO
d'identification des espces pour les besoins de la pche. Mditerrane et mer Noire. Zone de pche 37.
Vol. 1. Vgtaux et Invertbrs, Rome, pp. 189-192
Perez-Farfante I. and B. Kensley, 1997. Penaeoid and sergestoid shrimps and prawns of the world. Keys and
diagnoses for the families and genera. Mmoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 175: 1-233.
Wadie W.F. and F.A. Abdel-Razek, 1985. The effect of damming on the shrimp population in the southeastern part of the Mediterranean Sea. Fisheries Research, 3(4): 323-335
122
123
Bcescu M (1967) Crustacea Decapoda Fauna R.S.R. IV (9), Ed. Acad. Bucureti, 351 pp.
124
Fotografie: http://www.khalsan.com/Foodstuff/ShrimpLibrary/Penaeus_Semisulcatus.htm
Areal nativ: specie larg rspndit n zona indo-pacific, din estul Africii, Marea Roie si Golful Persic pn
n nordul Australiei, Malaezia, Fijiaponia.
Areal invaziv: ptruns prin Canalul de Suez n Mediterana, unde devine comun n zona oriental Siria,
Egipt, Israel, Liban, Turcia; in Marea Neagr este semnalat din 2006 din zona portului Soci.
Material realizat de:
Conf. dr. Marius Skolka, asist. cercetare drd. Cristina Preda, stud. master Ctlin Stanciu, stud. master Raluca Fabian
125
http://www.khalsan.com/Foodstuff/ShrimpLibrary/Penaeus_Semisulcatus.htm
Khvorov A., Boltachov A. R., Reshetnikov S. I., Pashkov A. N., 2006 - First record of the Green Tiger prawn Penaeus
semisulcatus (Penaeidae, Decapoda) In The Black Sea, Ecologya moryia, 72:65-68.
http://www.ciesm.org/atlas/Penaeussemisulcatus.php
Gruvel A., 1928. Rpartition gographique de quelques crustacs comestibles sur les ctes d'Egypte et de Syrie.
Comptes rendus de la socit de biogographie, 5: 45-46.
Holthuis L.B., 1987a. Crevettes. In: Fischer W., L. Bauchot and M. Schneider (eds.), 1987. Fiches FAO d'identification des
espces pour les besoins de la pche. Mditerrane et mer Noire. Zone de pche 37. Vol. 1. Vgtaux et Invertbrs,
Rome, pp. 189-292.
Perez-Farfante I. and B. Kensley, 1997. Penaeoid and sergestoid shrimps and prawns of the world. Keys and diagnoses
for the families and genera. Mmoires du Musum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 175: 1-233.
126
Fotografie: http://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/factsheet;
http://www.fisheries.vims.edu/ctils/prey2/WFmudcrab.jpg
127
1951 s fie ntlnit n apele complexului lagunar Razelm - Sinoe. Dup ptrunderea n Marea Neagr,
ptrunde i n Marea de Azov i n Marea Caspic.
Cai de patrundere: transporturile navale (fouling).
Impact: modificarea structurii biocenozelor bentale.
Cai de combatere: nu exist.
Bibliografie:
Bcescu M (1952) Rhithropanopeus harrisii tridentatus an American crab recently introduced and acclimatised in
the brackish water lagoons of the Razelm. Acad. R.P.R., Buletinul Sectiunii Stiintifice, Stiinte Biologice, 4, 3: 571578.
Bcescu M (1967) Crustacea Decapoda Fauna R.S.R. IV (9), Ed. Acad. Bucureti, 351 pp.
Bcescu M, Mller GI, Gomoiu MT (1971) Marine Ecologi IV. Research of benthic ecology in Black Sea/Ecologie
marina Vol. 4 Cercetri de ecologie bental n Marea Neagr. Editura Academiei Romne, 357 pp.
Bacescu M., Muller G.I., Gomoiu M.T., 1972 Ecologie Marina, Vol. 4, Ed. Academiei, Bucuresti.
Buitendijk A.M., Holthuis L.B., 1949. Note on the Zuiderzee crab Rhithropanopeus harrisii (Gould) subspecies
tridentatus (Maitland). Zoologische Mededelingen, 30(7): 95-106.
Eno N.C., Clark R.A. Sanderson W.G., 1997. Non-native marine species in British waters: a review and directory.
Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough. 152 p.
Gomoiu MT, Skolka M (1996) Changements recents dans la biodiversite de la Mer Noire dus aux immigrants,
GeoEcoMarina, 1/1996: 49-66
http://www.ciesm.org/atlas/Rhithropanopeusharrisii.php
Mizzan L. Zanella L., 1996. First record of Rhithropanopeus harrisii (Gould, 1841) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Xanthidae)
in the Italian waters. Bolletino del Museo civico di Storia naturale di Venezia, 46: 109-120.
Skolka M, Fgra M, Paraschiv G (2006) Biodiversity of Dobroudja, Ovidius University Press, 396 pp. (in
Romanian).
Skolka M, Gomoiu MT (2004) Invasive species in Black Sea. Ecological impact of invasiuve species in aquatic
ecosystems, Ovidius University Press, 180 pp. (in Romanian)
Williams A.B., 1984. Shrimps, lobsters and crabs of the Atlantic coast of the Eastern United States, Maine to
Florida. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 550p
Zaitsev YP (2001) Invasive species in the Black Sea, 1St Black Sea Conference on ballast water control and
management, Odessa, Ukraine 10 12 oct. 2001, Conference Report, Bashtanyy R., Webster L., Raaymakers S. (eds),
Global Mondograph Series No.3, Annex 4, 1-5.
Zaitsev YP, Mamaev V, (1997) Marine Biological Diversity in the Black Sea. A study of change and decline. Black Sea
Enviromnental Series, U.N. Publications, New York, 208 pp
128
t/Research.htm
http://www.univ-ovidius.ro/faculties/Nat_Science/main/Cercetare%20biodiversitate.htm\
Fotog
rafie:
http:/
/zim
mer.c
sufre
sno.e
du/~
brian
129
Areal invaziv: Marea Nordului, Marea Baltcic, principalle fluvii europene (Rin, Elba, Vistula); zona marilor
lacuri - partea estic a Statelor Unite; Marea Mediterana. Etang de Sigean, Franta (Petit, 1960 [1959]). Un
ex a fost colectata din laguna Venetiei, mai 2005 (Mizzan, 2005). A fost mentionat in cateva populatii din
zona lagunelor litorale din Narbonne (Petit, 1960), insa aceastea au disaput ulterior (Petit, Mizoule, 1973).
In zona Mrii Negre este citat in 2004 de la gurile de varsare ale Dunarii (golful Musura); Crabul este
raspandit la ora actuala in cea mai mare parte a Deltei Dunarii (V.Otel in litt.), fara sa fie raportat din alte
zone.
Cai de patrundere: transporturi navale.
Impact: schimbarea structurii comunitilor bentale.
Cai de combatere: nu exist.
Bibliografie:
http://www.ciesm.org/atlas/Eriocheirsinensis.php
Christiansen M.E., 1969. Crustacea Decapoda Brachyura. Marine Invertebrates of Scandinavia (Oslo), 2: 1143.
Ingle R., 1980. British Crabs. Oxford University Press. 222 pp.
Mizzan L., 2005. Rhitropanopeus harrisii (Gould, 1841) (Crustacea, Decapoda Panopeidae) e Eriocheir
sinensis H. Milne Edwards, 1854 (Crustacea, Decapoda Grapsidae) : due nuovi granchi esotici in laguna di
Venezia. Bollettiono del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Venezia, 56: 89-96.
Bcescu M (1967) Crustacea Decapoda Fauna R.S.R. IV (9), Ed. Acad. Bucureti, 351 pp.
Petit G., 1960. Le crabe chinois est parvenu en Mditerrane. Vie et Milieu, 11: 133-136.
Petit G. and Mizoule R., 1973. En douze ans le "Crabe chinois" n'a pu russir son implantation dans les
lagunes du Languedoc. Vie et Milieu, srie C, biologie terrestre, 23(1) [1972]: 181-186
Gomoiu MT, Skolka M (1996) Changements recents dans la biodiversite de la Mer Noire dus aux immigrants,
GeoEcoMarina, 1/1996: 49-66
Skolka M, Gomoiu MT (2004) Invasive species in Black Sea. Ecological impact of invasiuve species in aquatic
ecosystems, Ovidius University Press, 180 pp. (in Romanian)
Vasiliu 1934;
Oel, in litteris;
130
Fotografie:
http://www.univ-ovidius.ro/faculties/Nat_Science/main/Cercetare%20biodiversitate.htm
Areal nativ: coastele atlantice ale Americii de Nord i de Sud, din zona Nova Scotia pana in Uruguay.
131
Areal invaziv: este mentionat de pe coastele atlantice ale Europei din 1900, din Marea Baltica pana in
Olanda si Franta. Semnalat pentru prima data in Marea Neagra in 1967 si in Japonia in 1974. In bazinul
mediteranean este semnalat pentru prima data in 1951 de la Venetia (Giordani Soika, 1951 [1949]), Israel
(Holthuis and Gottlieb, 1955); Greece, northern Aegean (Serbetis, 1959); southern Turkey (Holthuis, 1961),
Etang de Berre, France (Zibrowius, pers. comm., 1962); Egipt (Banoub, 1963), Liban (George and
Athanassiou, 1965); Italia, Marea Liguriei (Tortonese, 1965), zona centrala a Marii Adraitice (Froglia, 1972);
Malta (Schembri and Lanfranco, 1984); Cipru (Lewinsohn and Holthuis, 1986); Marea Ioniei, Italia (Argano,
pers. comm., 1999), Lattakia, Siria (Saker and Farah, 1994), Croatia, laguna Ston si estuarul raului Neretva
(Onofri et al., 2008 [2004]).
Cai de patrundere: transporturi navale, in apa de balast.
Impact: modificarea structurii asociaiilor bentale
Cai de combatere: nu exist
Bibliografie:
Fisher et al, 1987;
http://www.ciesm.org/atlas/Callinectessapidus.php
Banoub M.W., 1963. Survey of the Blue Crab Callinectes sapidus (Rath.) in lake Edku in 1960.
Hydrobiology Department, Alexandria Institute of Hydrobiology, Notes and Memoirs, 69: 1-18.
Bulgurkov K.I., 1968. Callinectes sapidus Rathbun in the Black Sea. Izvest. NIORS, 9: 97-99.
Gennaio R., G. Scordella and M. Pastore, 2006. Occurrence of blue crab Callinectes sapidus
(Rathbun, 1896) Crustacea, Brachyura), in the Ugento ponds area (Lecce, Italy ). Thalassia
salentina, 29: 29-39.
Giordani Soika A., 1951. Il Neptunus pelagicus (L.) nell' alto Adriatico. Natura, Milano, 42: 18-20.
Holthuis L.B., 1961. Report on a collection of Crustacea Decapoda and Stomatopoda from Turkey
and the Balkans. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden, 47: 1-67
132
Fotografie:
http://www.clarku.edu/departments/biology/biol201/2004/bwhitman/hemigrapsus.htm
http://www.ciesm.org/atlas/Hemigrapsussanguineus.php
Areal nativ: Extremul Orient, din zona Insulei Sahalin pn n zona Hong Kong.
Areal invaziv: Atlanticul de vest (din 1988 s-a rspndit din Massachusetts pn n Carolina de Nord),
coastele Franei (Le Havre), Olanda, Marea Adriatic (un singur exemplar (Schubart, 2002 [2001]) si lacul
133
Tunis portul Rades (Tunisia) (Ben Souissi et al., 2004b). Semnalat in Marea Neagra, in Portul turistic Tomis,
2009, D. Micu.
Cai de patrundere: apa de balast, ca stadii larvare, sau ca juvenili, in fouling.
Impact: modificarea structurii asociaiilor bentale autohtone.
Cai de combatere: respectarea regulilor cu privire la debalastare si la tratarea foulingului
Bibliografie:
http://www.ciesm.org/atlas/Hemigrapsussanguineus.php
http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=621740
http://fl.biology.usgs.gov/.../asian_shore_crab.html
Ben Souissi J., J. Zaouali, M. Rezig, M.N. Brada, J.P. Quignard. B. Rudman, 2004 - Contribution l'tude de
quelques rcentes migrations d'espces exotiques dans les eaux tunisiennes. Rapp. Comm. Int. Mer Mdit., 37:
302.
Breton G., M. Faasse, P. Nol and T. Vincent, 2002. A new alien crab in Europe: Hemigrapsus sanguineus
(Decapoda: Brachyura: Grapsidae). Journal of Crustacean Biology, 22(1): 184-189.
McDermott J.J., 1998 - The western Pacific brachyuran Hemigrapsus sanguineus (Grapsidae) in its new habitat
along the Atlantic coast of the United States: geographic distribution and ecology. ICES journal of Marine
Science, 55(2): 289-298.
Sakai T., 1976. Crabs of Japan and the adjacent Seas. 3 Vols. Kodansha Ltd. Tokyo, 1-773, pls 1-251.
Schubart Ch. D., 2003 - The East Asian shore crab Hemigrapsus sanguineus (Brachyura: Varunidae) in the
Mediterranean Sea: an independent human-mediated introduction. Scientia Marina, 67(2): 195-200.
Micu D, Ni V., Todorova Valentina, 2010 - First record of the Japanese shore crab Hemigrapsus sanguineus
(Brachyura: Grapsoidea: Varunidae) from the Black Sea. Aquatic Invasions (2010) Volume 5, Supplement 1: S1S4; doi: 10.3391/ai.2010.5.S1.001 2010
134
135
Fotografie:
Foto D. Micu
Areal nativ: Coastele atlantice ale SUA, din zona Noua Scotie pn n Florida.
Areal invaziv: Coastele atlantice ale Europei, Marea Mediterana, Marea Neagr.
Prima data specia este citata inafara arealului nativ american in 1960, in Swansea, Wales (Naylor, 1960),
dup care se rspndete relativ ncet, ajungnd s fie menionat de pe litoralul francez i olandez (Vaz et
al., 2007). In perioada 19781979 (Mizzan, 1995) ptrunde n laguna Veneiei de unde se rspndete spre
sud, pe coasta italian a Adriaticii, pn in zona gurii de varsare a raului Po (ICES, 2005) si laguna Varano
din Apulia (Florio et al., 2008).
In Marea Neagr a fost citat de D. Micu (sept. - oct. 2009) din zona de sud a portului Constanta Sud
Agigea, in zona de deschidere a canalului Dunre Marea Neagr n mare ca i la sud de digul sudic al
portului.
Cai de patrundere:
Impact: modificarea structurii asociatiilor de organismo bentale, competitia cu specii autohtone Astacus
leptodactylus, Xanto poressa, Pilumnus hirtellus sau invazive R. harrisii carora le poate consuma
juvenilii; juvenilii de D. sayi sunt de asemenea consumati de speciile menionate iar adulii pot fi consumai
de Eriocheir sinensis.
Cai de combatere: managementul adecvat al apei de balast; dupa ptrundere si aclimatizare, nu exista
modalitati de combatere.
136
Bibliografie:
http://www.ciesm.org/atlas/Dyspanopeussayi.php
Micu D., Ni V., Todorova Valentina, 2010 - First record of Says mud crab Dyspanopeus sayi (Brachyura:
Xanthoidea: Panopeidae) from the Black Sea, Marine Biodiversity Records, Vol. 3; e36: 1-6.
doi:10.1017/S1755267210000308; 2010 Published online
Froglia C., Speranza S., 1993 - First record of Dyspanopeus sayi (Smith, 1869) in the Mediterranean Sea
(Crustacea, Decapoda, Xanthidae). Quaderni Istituto Ricerca Pesca Marittima 5, 163166.
Galil B., Froglia C., Noel P., 2002 - CIESM atlas of exotic species in the Mediterranean. Volume 2
Crustaceans: decapods and stomatopods. Monaco: CIESM Publishers, 192 pp.
Mizzan L., 1995 - Notes on the presence and diffusion of Dyspanopeus sayi (Smith, 1869) (Crustacea,
Decapoda, Xanthidae) in the Venetian Lagoon. Bollettino del Museo Civico Storia Naturale di Venezia 44,
121130.
Mizzan L., 1998 - Caratteristiche ecologiche e popolazionali di alcuni biotopi particolari (pozze di
sifonamento) a Lido di Venezia. Bollettino del Museo Civico Storia Naturale di Venezia 48, 183192.
Mizzan L., 1999 - Le specie alloctone del macrozoobenthos della Laguna di Venezia: il punto della situazione.
Bollettino del Museo Civico Storia Naturale di Venezia 49, 145177.
Mizzan L., Trabucco R., Tagliapietra G., 2005 - Nuovi dati sulla presenza e distribuzione di specie alloctone
del macrozoobenthos della laguna di Venezia. Bollettino del Museo Civico Storia Naturale di Venezia 56, 69
88.
137
138
Areal invaziv: introdus in Europa n 1890 in raul Oder, ulterior raspandindu-se treptat. Specia prezenta in
Ungaria si Serbia. Semnalata in zona Portile de Fier in 2009 (L. Prvulescu), isi extinde arealul pe cursul
Dunrii.
Cai de patrundere: introducere accidentala di acvarii sau introducere voluntara pentru cresterea
productivitatii unor zone piscicole.
Impact: Schimbarea structurii asociatiilor bentale autohtone; competitie cu racii europeni. Ca si alte specii
de raci americani, O. limosus este purtatorul unei specii de fungi - Aphanomyces astaci - care produce
colapsul populaiilor de raci autohtoni (A. astacus), dupa cum s-a intamplat in Germania.
Cai de combatere:
Bibliografie:
http://www.shrimpcrabsandcrayfish.co.uk/Shrimp.htm?crayfishamerica.html~mainFrame
Holdich, D and J Black (2007) The spiny-cheek crayfish, Orconectes limosus (Rafinesque, 1817) [Crustacea:
Decapoda: Cambaridae], digs into the UK. Aquatic Invasions 2, pp. 116.
139
Specia: Pacifastacus leniusculus Dana 1852 (Californian crayfish, Pacific crayfish, signal crayfish)
[Sinonime:Astacus leniusculus Dana, 1852, Pacifastacus leniusculus Bott, 1950, Potamobius leniusculus Ortmann, 1902]
Increngtura Arthropoda
Clasa: Crustacea Brnnich, 1772
Subclasa Eumalacostraca Grobben, 1892
Ordinul Decapoda Latreille, 1802
Subordinul Pleocyemata Burkenroad, 1963
Familia
Descriere: Specie de talie mare (masculii ating 16 cm, femelele 12, iar greutatea exemplarelor este intre 60
si 100g), cu carapacea robust. Cefalotoracele meted, cu doua perechi de creste post-orbitale, prima
pereche prezentand un spin apical. Marginile rosrumului sunt netede, aproape paralele pana la apehx.
Partea terminala a rostrului ascutita, cu margini proeminente si o carina mediana pe toata lungimea.
Chelele sunt robuste, netede pe ambele parti. Prelungirea propoditului este rosie pe partea ventral, cu un
singur tubercul pe fata intern. Zona articulatiei cu dactilopoditul chelei de culoare alb-turquoise. Culoarea
este de la brun-albastrui la brun-rocat, uneori brun deschis sau brun nchis.
Ecologie: Specie eurioica, euriterma, triete n ape dulci, atat in paraie mici si lacuri (inclusiv in lacuri
alpine) cat si in rauri mari sau fluvii. Se hraneste cu hrana variata, preferand hrana de origine animala.
Consuma o gama larga de nevertebrate acvatice dar si alge (a fost folosit pentru a curata de vegetatie
submersa iazuri piscicole). Juvenilii consuma mai ales hrana animala iar adultii mai ales vegetala; de
asemenea, s-a semnalat canibalism. Tolereaza chiar si ape salmastre, dar un un pH de sub 6. Specie activa,
executa migratii, dar are o rata de raspandire redusa, de circa 1 km/an (In unele zone din Anglia i-au
trebuit 17 ani c asa se raspandeasca cu 12 km in aval - Stanton, 2004). Sapa adaposturi in substrat, uneori
adaposturile putand fi foarte dense (14 adaposturi/mp). Pot produce din aceasta cauza prabusirea
malurilor nefixate (Guan, 1994; Sibley, 2000).. Biologia asemanatoare cu cea a racilor europeni. Mai
agresiv decat Astacus astacus.
Reproducerea are loc toamna, in octombrie. Femelele elimina un feromon specific care determina
intensificarea activitatii de curtare a masculilor. Traieste pana la 16 ani. Produce pana la 200 - 400 de oua a
caror maturare dureaza 160 280 zile. Eclozarea are loc in martie iulie. Juvenilii raman in apropierea
femelei pe parcursul urmatoarelor trei stadii. In primal an, juvenilii naparlesc de 11 ori, de la varsta a treia
naparlesc doar de doua pri pe an iar incepand cu varsta a PATRA doar odata pe an (Lewis, 2002).
140
Fotografie:
http://www.neozoen-bodensee.de/neozoen/pacifastacus-l
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Pacifastacus_leniusculus_01_by-dpc.jpg
Areal nativ: Specie endemica pentru coastele pacifice ale SUA zona de nord-vest, din central Californiei si
Utah pana in sud-vestul Canadei.
Areal invaziv: A fost introdus in multe state din SUA, Japonia (Hokkaido). In Europa - Austria, Belgia, Cehia,
Danemarca, Finlanda, Marea Britanie, Franta, Germania, Ungaria, Italia, zona Kaliningrad (Rusia), Letonia,
Lituania, Luxemburg, Olanda, Polonia, Portugalia, Spania (Holdich, 2002; Machino & Holdich, 2005).
Cai de patrundere: prin acvacultura (este mult mai eficient din punct de vedere economic comparativ cu
racii europeni); posibil si prin pet-shop-uri.. Introdus pentru prima data in Suedia dup 1925; in 1969, 60
000 de exemplare aduse din SUA au fost eliberate in 69 de lacuri din Suedia. In vara anului 1970, 2000 de
exemplare aduse din California au fost introduse in cateva zone din Austria iar ulterior specia s-a rspndit
n toat ara. Specie potential invaziva pentru Romnia.
Impact: specie agresiva in competitia cu speciile autohtone, le elimina. Deasemenea, este purtatorul
ciupercii Aphanomyces astaci, care provoaca colapsul racilor indigeni. In SUA a produs dupa introducere
extinctia speciei native Pacifastacus nigrescens sau restrangerea arealului speciei Pacifastacus fortis
(Taylor, 2002).
Cai de combatere: respectarea masurilor cu privire la speciile invazive. In Marea Britanie s-a constata ca
tratarea cu piretru natural in lacuri inchise este o metoda eficiente de eradicare. De asemenea, s-au testat
metode de atragere a masculilor cu feromona.
Bibliografie:
http://www.neozoen-bodensee.de/neozoen/pacifastacus-l
PECKNY R , PCKL M (2000) : Flukrebse und Swassergarnelen (Decapoda, Mysidacea) 1. Fassung 1999.
in: Listen ausgewhlter Tiergruppen Niedersterreichs.- Amt der N Landesregierung, St. Plten 80 S.: S. 5658
http://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?si=725&fr=1&sts=sss
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Specia: Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852) (rac de Louisiana, rac rou de mlatin)
[Sinonime:]
Increngtura Arthropoda
Clasa: Crustacea Brnnich, 1772
Subclasa Eumalacostraca Grobben, 1892
Ordinul Decapoda Latreille, 1802
Subordinul Pleocyemata Burkenroad, 1963
Familia Cambaridae Hobbs 1942
Descriere: Adulii au de la 5,5 la 12 cm lungime si sunt colorai n rou nchis. Rostrul este acuminat, cu
spinii cervicali prezeni. Clestii prezint pe propodit un ir caracteristic de tuberculi, iar dactilopoditul este
alungit. Pereiopodele 3 si 4 de la masculi prezinta spini recurbai pe ischiopodite.
Ecologie: Specie iubitoare de ape calde, prezenta arealul natural in mlatini, paraie, rauri, lacuri, orezarii,
canale de irigatii, dar si in mlatini temporare, cursuri de pa subterane. Sapa canale in maluri. Este capabil
sa reziste unor perioade lungi de seceta, putand tri pn la 4 luni afara din apa. De asemenea, rezist la o
concentraie sczut de oxigen in ap i are capacitatea de a rezista i n ape salmastre. Specie agresiv,
este un competitor extrem de eficient pentru specii autohtone de raci, devenind adesea specia dominanta.
Pe de alta parte, in Europa, s-a dovedic ca nu rezista la pestii pradatori din apele deschise, de aceea
prefera apele puin adnci (Troschel and Dehus, 1993; Roqueplo et al., 1995; Demastro, Laurent, 1997,
Henttonen and Huner, 1999). In ce priveste reproducerea, dezvolta o strategie de tip r, cu ciclu scurt de
via (poate castiga 50 de g in greutate in 3 5 luni; Henttonen and Huner, 1999) i fecunditate ridicat,
ceea ce ii aduce un cert avantaj fata de speciile europene care au o strategie de tip k, cu ciclu de via lung
si fecunditate sczut. In acest fel, P. clarckii este extrem de competitiv in ecosisteme perturbate de
interventia omului.
Harta de distributie:
Fotografie: http://www.geocities.jp/ideryusei/clarkii.htm;
Areal nativ: nord-estul Mexicului, sudul i centrul SUA (Henttonen and Huner, 1999).
Areal invaziv: a fost introdus pentru acvacultur n peste 15 state inafara arealului sau din SUA, in America
de Sud, Asia, Africa si Europa. In Europa este o specie invaziva de succes in Franta, Spania, Portugalia, Italia
(unde se rspndete activ dup ce a scpat de sub control) (Oliveira, Fabio, 1998). Populaii ale acestei
specii s-au aclimatizat i n Elveia, Olanda, Germania. Specie potenial invaziv pentru Romnia.
Cai de patrundere: introducere pentru acvacultura
Impact: Eliminarea speciilor autohtone prin competitie directa (Schleifstein, 2003). Consumator destul de
neselectiv (se hraneste atat cu nevertebrate cat si cu alge sau macr) produce modificari profunde in
structura asociatiilor bentale. Poate produce modificari ale structurii malurilor prin canalele pe care le sapa
Material realizat de:
Conf. dr. Marius Skolka, asist. cercetare drd. Cristina Preda, stud. master Ctlin Stanciu, stud. master Raluca Fabian
142
in maluri (Holdich, 1999). Este vector de transmitre a ciupercii parazite la raci Aphanomyces astaci, ca si a
virusului vibriosis, putnd cauza astfel pagube economice in crescatorii. De asemenea, este gazda
intermediara pentru numeroi helmini (Thune et al., 1991; Hobbs III et al., 1989, in Holdich, 1999).
Cai de combatere: evitarea introducerii in acvacultura, respectarea regulilor cu privire la speciile invazive.
Bibliografie:
http://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?si=608
Holdich, D.M., Gydemo, R. and Rogers, W.D. 1999. A review of possible methods for controlling
nuisance populations of alien crayfish. In Gherardi, F. and Holdich, D.M. (eds.) Crustacean Issues 11:
Crayfish in Europe as Alien Species (How to make the best of a bad situation?) A.A. Balkema,
Rotterdam, Netherlands: 245-270.
Gutierrez-Yurrita P. and Montes C. 1999. Bioenergetics and phenology of reproduction of the
introduced red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, in Doana National Park, Spain, and
implications for species management. Freshwater Biology, 42(3):561-574.
Oliveira J. and Fabio A. 1998. Growth responses of juvenile red swamp crayfish, Procambarus
clarkii Girard, to several diets under controlled conditions. Aquaculture research, 29:123-129.
143
b
a
Areal nativ: estul SUA, fiind semnalat din apele interioare ale unor state de pe coasta de est, din zona
marilor lacuri, dar i din Texas, Ohio, Indiana.
Areal invaziv: Dobrogea. In Europa, a fost citat din rurile din Frana la sfritul anilor 30 unde a fost
introdus dup toate probabilitaile pe calea transporturilor navale. Ulterior, specia s-a rspndit destul de
mult n Europa de Vest, de Sud i Sud-Est, fiind citat i de pe teritoriul Romniei. In bazinul Mrii Negre
este citat, att din Dunre ct i de pe coasta de nord a Mrii Negre (Taganrog). Specia a fost semnalat
de asemenea din cursul inferior al Nistrului i de pe teritoriul Ungariei - din Tisa i Dunre.
144
145
Fotografie:
http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/512777305/;
http://research.calacademy.org/research/izg/SFBay2K/Molgula%20manhattensis.htm;
http://www.serc.si.edu/labs/marine_invasions/images/organisms/molgula_manhattensis.jpg;
www.chesapeakebay.net; www.mdsg.umd.edu/CQ/V06N2/side2/index.htm
http://nlbif.eti.uva.nl/bis/tunicata.php?selected=beschrijving&menuentry=soorten&id=34
146
Areal nativ: Coastele atlantice ale Americii de Nord, California, Golful Mexic
Areal invaziv: Coastele pacifice ale Americii de nord, pn n California; Panama, Vestul Europei de la Capul
Nord pn n Portugalia; Marea Neagra semnalat din Portul Constana (D.Micu).
Cai de patrundere: fouling
Impact: modificarea structurii asociatiilor autohtone
Cai de combatere: respectarea reglementarilor cu privire la fouling.
Bibliografie:
http://www.marlin.ac.uk/species/Molgulamanhattensis.htm
http://nlbif.eti.uva.nl/bis/tunicata.php?selected=beschrijving&menuentry=soorten&id=34
Bcescu M, Mller GI, Gomoiu MT (1971) Marine Ecologi IV. Research of benthic ecology in Black
Sea/Ecologie marina Vol. 4 Cercetri de ecologie bental n Marea Neagr. Editura Academiei Romne, 357
pp.
Micu, D., Micu. S., 2004 - A new type of zoobenthos community from the rocky bottoms of the Black Sea.
International Workshop of the Black Sea benthos, 18 23 April 2004, Istanbul, Turkey, 75 87.
147
148
Areal nativ: America de Nord, zona Marilor lacuri pana in Qubec, Colorado, Maine.
Areal invaziv: SUA a fost introduse in mai multe state din nord-est - Massachusetts, Maine, New
Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont. In Europa, a fost semnalat in bazinul Rinului si Franta. Introdus prin
acvaristica (acvarii si lacuri artificiale), s-a raspandit in Germania in bazinul Rinului, primal exemplar fiind
semnalat in 1997, dupa care populatii stabile s-au descoperit in zona Karlruhe si in Baden-Wurtzenberg.
Ulterior se raspandeste si in alte zone ale Germaniei (zona Renania-Palatinat) si din Franta.
Cai de patrundere: acvaristica, acvacultura
Impact: modificarea structurii comunitatilor autohtone, competitie cu specii native si invazive (O. limosus).
Cai de combatere: respectarea regimului speciilor invazive.
Bibliografie:
Holdich D. M., Reynolds J. D., Souty-Grosset C., Sibley P. J. (2009). "A review of the ever increasing threat to
European crayfish from non-indigenous crayfish species". Knowledge and Management of Aquatic Ecosystems
394395 (11): 146. doi:10.1051/kmae/2009025.
Chucholl C., Bernd Stich H., Maier G., 2008 - Aggressive interactions and competition for shelter between a
recently introduced and an established invasive crayfish: Orconectes immunis vs. O. limosus" (PDF abstract). Archiv
fr Hydrobiologie 172 (1): 2736. doi:10.1127/1863-9135/2008/0172-0027.
http://www.schweizerbart.de/resources/downloads/paper_previews/56928.pdf.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orconectes_immunis"
Crandall K.A., Fetzner J.W., Jr., Hobbs H.H., Jr. 2001. Orconectes (Gremicambarus) immunis Hagen 1870. Version 01
149