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B0,4 x H0,4
Clear width
Clear height
Height of fillet
m
m
m
0,40
0,40
0,15
cm
cm
cm
20,0
20,0
20,0
Cover of reinforcement bar (between concrete surface and center of reinforcement bar)
Side wall
Outside
cm
6,0
Inside
cm
6,0
Top slab
Upper
cm
6,0
Lower
cm
6,0
Bottom slab Lower
cm
6,0
Upper
cm
6,0
Bar arrangement
Side wall
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
12@150
12@250
12@250
12@250
12@150
12@250
Top slab
Upper edge
mm
mm
mm
mm
12@150
12@250
12@150
12@250
Tensile bar
Distribution bar
Upper middle Tensile bar
Distribution bar
mm
mm
mm
mm
12@150
12@250
12@150
12@250
Upper edge
Lower edge
mm
mm
12@250
12@250
Fillet
Tensile bar
Distribution bar
Lower middle Tensile bar
Distribution bar
Fillet bar
Fillet bar
2 Design Parameters
Unit Weight
Reinforced Concrete
Backfill soil
(wet)
(submerged)
c=
s=
s'=
Live Load
Class of road
Truck load at rear wheel
Impact coefficient(for Class I to IV road)
P=
Ci=
Pedestrian load
3
2,4 tf/m
3
1,8 tf/m
3
1,0 tf/m
Class I
10,0
0,3
0,0
0
(BM100)
tf
(D<4.0m)
(D>4.0m)
tf/m2
Concrete
(K175)
Design Strength
Allowable Compressive Stress
Allowable Shearing Stress
ck=
ca=
a=
2
175 kgf/cm
2
70 kgf/cm
2
5,5 kgf/cm
Reinforcement Bar
(U24, deformed bar)
sa=
sy=
2
2.100 kgf/cm
2
kgf/cm
3.000
1/1
n=
24
Ka=
0,5
U-Ditch 400x400.xls/Summary
Gwd
D
t2
H
Hf
HT
Hf
t3
t1
t1
B
B
Cover of R-bar
Top Slab d2
Side Wall d1
Bottom Slab d3
0,06 m
0,06 m
0,06 m
Basic Parameters
Ka:
Coefficient of static earth pressure
w:
Unit weight of water (t/m3)
d:
Unit weight of soil (dry) (t/m3)
s:
Unit weight of soil (saturated) (t/m3)
c:
Unit weight of reinforced concrete (t/m3)
ck:
Concrete Design Strength
ca
Allowable Stress of Concrete
sa:
Allowable Stress of Reinforcement Bar
a:
Allowable Stress of Shearing (Concrete)
sy:
Yielding Point of Reinforcement Bar
n:
Young's Modulus Ratio
Fa:
Safety factor against uplift
0,5
1,00
1,80
2,00
2,40
175
70
2100
5,5
3000
24
1,2
Basic Dimensions
H:
Internal Height of Box Culvert
B:
Internal Width of Box Culvert
Hf:
Fillet Height
t1:
Thickness of Side Wall
t2:
Thickness of Top Slab
t3:
Thickness of Invert (Bottom Slab)
BT:
Gross Width of Box Culvert
HT:
Gross Height of Box Culvert
D:
Covering Depth
Gwd:
Underground Water Depth
for Case 1, 2
hiw:
Internal Water Depth
for Case 1, 2
for Case 3, 4
0,40
0,40
0,15
0,20
0,20
0,20
0,80
0,80
0,41
0,41
0,00
0,40
Basic Conditions
Classification of Live load by truck
Class
PTM:
Truck load of Middle Tire
Ii:
Impact coefficient (D4.0m:0, D<4.0m:0.3)
am:
Ground contact length of Middle Tire
bm:
Ground contact width of Middle Tire
PTR:
Truck load of Rear Tire
ar:
Ground contact length of Rear Tire
br:
Ground contact width of Rear Tire
PTF:
Truck load of Front wheel
af:
Ground contact length of Front Tire
bf:
Ground contact width of Front Tire
qp:
Pedestrian load
1
10,00
0,3
0,20
0,50
10,00
0,20
0,50
2,50
0,20
0,50
0,00
t/m3
t/m3
t/m3
t/m3
kgf/m2
kgf/m2
kgf/m2
kgf/m2
kgf/m2
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
(> 0.25m)
(> 0.25m)
(> 0.25m)
(= D)
t
m
m
t
m
m
t
m
m
t/m2
Dimension of frame
t1
t1
D1
t2
H0:
B0:
D1:
Height of frame
Width of frame
Covering depth at middle of top slab
t2/2 + H + t3/2
B + t1
D + t2/2
0,600 m
0,600 m
0,510 m
H0
t3
B0
1/6
U-Ditch 400x400.xls/Load
2PTM(1+Ii)/(am'bm') =
2D+1.75+bm =
2D+am =
8,3030 tf/m2,
3,070 m
1,020 m
B=
0,600 m
0,0000 tf/m2,
3,070 m
1,020 m
B=
0,000 m
0,0000 tf/m2,
3,070 m
1,020 m
B=
0,000 m
2PTM(1+Ii)/(am'bm') =
2D+1.75+bm =
2D+am =
8,3030 tf/m2,
3,070 m
1,020 m
B=
0,600 m
0,0000 tf/m2,
3,070 m
1,020 m
B=
0,000 m
0,0000 tf/m2,
3,070 m
1,020 m
B=
0,000 m
2PTR(1+Ii)/(ar'br') =
2D+1.75+br =
2D+ar =
8,3030 tf/m2,
3,070 m
1,020 m
B=
0,600 m
0,0000 tf/m2,
3,070 m
1,020 m
B=
0,000 m
0,0000 tf/m2,
3,070 m
1,020 m
B=
0,000 m
Pvt1 =
Pvt2 =
Pvt1 =
Pvt2 =
8,3030
0,0000
8,3030
0,0000
tf/m2,
tf/m2,
tf/m2,
tf/m2,
B=
B=
B=
B=
0,600
0,000
0,600
0,000
m
m
m
m
(2)
a) + b)
8,3030
(2)
(3)
a) + c) a) + b)
Distributed load total
8,3030 8,3030
Select the combination case of
8,3030 tf/m2,
for Case.L2, which is the largest load to the top slab.
(3)
a) + c)
8,3030
In case of covering depth (D) is over 3.0m, uniform load of 1.0 tf/m2 is applied on the top slab of culvert instead of live load calculated above.
0,000 tf/m2
Ws =
Wc =
Fa=
ok
0,640 tf/m
BT*{(D-Gwd)*(sw)+Gwd*d}
(HT*BT-H*B+2*Hf^2)*c
1,2
2/6
=
=
0,590 tf/m
1,260 tf/m
U-Ditch 400x400.xls/Load
3 Load calculation
Case 1: Box Culvert Inside is Empty, Underground Water up to Top slab, Track load Case. L1
1) vertical load against top slab
Acting Load
Wtop= (t2*BT+Hf^2)*c/B0
Pvd=Gwd*gd+(D-Gwd)*gs
Pvt1
Pvt2
5) ground reaction
Acting Load
Wbot=(t3*BT+Hf^2)*c/B0
Wtop
Ws=Wsw*2/B0
Pvd
Pvt1
Pvt2
Wiw=(hiw*B-2Hf^2)*w/B0
Up=-U/B0
soil pressure
top slab
side wall (left)
side wall (right)
invert
Pvd
Pvt1
Pvt2
side wall (left)
side wall (right)
internal water
uplift
total
Wtop=
Pvd=
Pvt1=
Pvt2=
Pv1=
(tf/m2)
0,7300
0,7380
8,3030
0,0000
9,7710
P1=
P2=
P3=
P4=
P5=
Ph1=
(tf/m2)
4,1515
0,0000
0,3690
0,1000
0,1000
4,7205
P1=
P2=
P3=
P4=
P5=
Ph2=
(tf/m2)
4,1515
0,0000
0,3690
0,7000
0,7000
5,9205
Wsw=
(tf/m)
0,1920
Wbot=
Wtop=
Ws=
Pvd=
Pvt1=
Pvt2=
Wiw=
U=
Q=
(tf/m2)
0,7300
0,7300
0,6400
0,7380
8,3030
0,0000
0,0000
-1,0667
10,0743
V
(tf/m)
0,4380
0,1920
0,1920
0,4380
0,4428
4,9818
0,0000
0,0000
-0,6400
6,0446
H
(tf/m)
3,1923
-3,1923
-
x
(m)
0,3000
0,0000
0,6000
0,3000
0,3000
0,3000
0,3000
0,3000
0,3000
y
(m)
0,2887
0,2887
-
M
(tf.m/m)
0,1314
0,0000
0,1152
0,1314
0,1328
1,4945
0,0000
0,9217
-0,9217
0,0000
-0,1920
1,8134
0,00 m
3/6
U-Ditch 400x400.xls/Load
Case 2: Box Culvert Inside is Empty, Underground Water up to Top slab, Track load Case. L2
1) vertical load against top slab
Acting Load
Wtop= (t2*BT+Hf^2)*c/B0
Pvd=Gwd*gd+(D-Gwd)*gs
Pvt1
Pvt2
5) ground reaction
Acting Load
Wbot=(t3*BT+Hf^2)*c/B0
Wtop
Ws=Wsw*2/B0
Pvd
Pvt1
Pvt2
Wiw=(hiw*B-2Hf^2)*w/B0
Up=-U/B0
soil pressure
top slab
side wall (left)
side wall (right)
invert
Pvd
Pvt1
Pvt2
side wall (left)
side wall (right)
internal water
uplift
total
Wtop=
Pvd=
Pvt1=
Pvt2=
Pv1=
(tf/m2)
0,7300
0,7380
8,3030
0,0000
9,7710
P1=
P2=
P3=
P4=
P5=
Ph1=
(tf/m2)
4,1515
0,0000
0,3690
0,1000
0,1000
4,7205
P1=
P2=
P3=
P4=
P5=
Ph2=
(tf/m2)
4,1515
0,0000
0,3690
0,7000
0,7000
5,9205
Wsw=
(tf/m)
0,1920
Wbot=
Wtop=
Ws=
Pvd=
Pvt1=
Pvt2=
Wiw=
U=
Q=
(tf/m2)
0,7300
0,7300
0,6400
0,7380
8,3030
0,0000
0,0000
-1,0667
10,0743
V
(tf/m)
0,4380
0,1920
0,1920
0,4380
0,4428
4,9818
0,0000
0,0000
-0,6400
6,0446
H
(tf/m)
3,1923
-3,1923
-
x
(m)
0,3000
0,0000
0,6000
0,3000
0,3000
0,3000
0,3000
0,3000
0,3000
y
(m)
0,2887
0,2887
-
M
(tf.m/m)
0,1314
0,0000
0,1152
0,1314
0,1328
1,4945
0,0000
0,9217
-0,9217
0,0000
-0,1920
1,8134
0,00 m
4/6
U-Ditch 400x400.xls/Load
Case 3: Box Culvert Inside is Full, Underground Water up to invert, Track load Case. L1
1) vertical load against top slab
Acting Load
Wtop= (t2*BT+Hf^2)*c/B0
Pvd=D*d
Pvt1
Pvt2
5) ground reaction
Acting Load
Wbot=(t3*BT+Hf^2)*c/B0
Wtop
Ws=Wsw*2/B0
Pvd
Pvt1
Pvt2
Wiw=(hiw*B-2Hf^2)*w/B0
Up=0
soil pressure
top slab
side wall (left)
side wall (right)
invert
Pvd
Pvt1
Pvt2
side wall (left)
side wall (right)
internal water
uplift
total
Wtop=
Pvd=
Pvt1=
Pvt2=
Pv1=
(tf/m2)
0,7300
0,7380
8,3030
0,0000
9,7710
P1=
P2=
P3=
P4=
Ph1=
(tf/m2)
4,1515
0,0000
0,4590
0,0000
4,6105
P1=
P2=
P3=
P4=
Ph2=
(tf/m2)
4,1515
0,0000
0,9990
-0,4000
4,7505
Wsw=
(tf/m)
0,1920
Wbot=
Wtop=
Ws=
Pvd=
Pvt1=
Pvt2=
Wiw=
U=
Q=
(tf/m2)
0,7300
0,7300
0,6400
0,7380
8,3030
0,0000
0,1917
0,0000
11,3327
V
(tf/m)
0,4380
0,1920
0,1920
0,4380
0,4428
4,9818
0,0000
0,1150
0,0000
6,7996
H
(tf/m)
2,8083
-2,8083
-
x
(m)
0,3000
0,0000
0,6000
0,3000
0,3000
0,3000
0,3000
0,3000
0,3000
y
(m)
0,2985
0,2985
-
M
(tf.m/m)
0,1314
0,0000
0,1152
0,1314
0,1328
1,4945
0,0000
0,8383
-0,8383
0,0345
0,0000
2,0399
0,400 m
5/6
U-Ditch 400x400.xls/Load
Case 4: Box Culvert Inside is Full, Underground Water up to invert, Track load Case. L2
1) vertical load against top slab
Acting Load
Wtop= (t2*BT+Hf^2)*c/B0
Pvd=D*d
Pvt1
Pvt2
5) ground reaction
Acting Load
Wbot=(t3*BT+Hf^2)*c/B0
Wtop
Ws=Wsw*2/B0
Pvd
Pvt1
Pvt2
Wiw=(hiw*B-2Hf^2)*w/B0
Up=0
soil pressure
top slab
side wall (left)
side wall (right)
invert
Pvd
Pvt1
Pvt2
side wall (left)
side wall (right)
internal water
uplift
total
Wtop=
Pvd=
Pvt1=
Pvt2=
Pv1=
(tf/m2)
0,7300
0,7380
8,3030
0,0000
9,7710
P1=
P2=
P3=
P4=
Ph1=
(tf/m2)
4,1515
0,0000
0,4590
0,0000
4,6105
P1=
P2=
P3=
P4=
Ph2=
(tf/m2)
4,1515
0,0000
0,9990
-0,4000
4,7505
Wsw=
(tf/m)
0,1920
Wbot=
Wtop=
Ws=
Pvd=
Pvt1=
Pvt2=
Wiw=
U=
Q=
(tf/m2)
0,7300
0,7300
0,6400
0,7380
8,3030
0,0000
0,1917
0,0000
11,3327
V
(tf/m)
0,4380
0,1920
0,1920
0,4380
0,4428
4,9818
0,0000
0,1150
0,0000
6,7996
H
(tf/m)
2,8083
-2,8083
-
x
(m)
0,3000
0,0000
0,6000
0,3000
0,3000
0,3000
0,3000
0,3000
0,3000
y
0,2985
0,2985
-
Ph2
(tf/m2)
5,9205
5,9205
4,7505
4,7505
Pq
(tf/m2)
10,4110
10,4110
10,4110
10,4110
Wsw
(tf/m)
0,1920
0,1920
0,1920
0,1920
q1
(tf/m2)
10,0743
10,0743
11,3327
11,3327
(m)
M
(tf.m/m)
0,1314
0,0000
0,1152
0,1314
0,1328
1,4945
0,0000
0,8383
-0,8383
0,0345
0,0000
2,0399
0,400 m
Pv1
(tf/m2)
9,7710
9,7710
9,7710
9,7710
Ph1
(tf/m2)
4,7205
4,7205
4,6105
4,6105
6/6
U-Ditch 400x400.xls/Load
4,720
5,920
9,771
0,000
10,411
0,600
0,000
0,600
0,600
0,200
0,200
0,200
tf/m
2
tf/m
tf/m2
tf/m2
tf/m2
m
B
m
m
H0 (t1)
m
m
A
m
m
(t2)
C
(t1)
(t3)
B0
CAB = CDC = (2Ph1+3Ph2)H02/60
0,15601 tfm
0,29313 tfm
0,31233 tfm
0,16321 tfm
1,0
1,0000
k3 = H0t33/(B0t13) =
1,0000
2(k1+k3)
k1
k3
-3k1
k1
2(k1+k2)
k2
-3k1
CBC - CBA
k2
2(k1+k2)
k1
-3k1
= CCD - CCB
k3
k1
2(k1+k3)
-3k1
CDA - CDC
k1
k1
k1
k1
-4k1
CAB - CAD
A = -D
2k1+k3
k1
k1
2k1+k2
3,0000
1,0
1,0
3,0000
A
B
R =0
=
CAB - CAD
CBC - CBA
-0,14911493
0,13711493
= -0,07306
= 0,07006
C
D
1 / 16
=
=
-0,07006
0,07306
U-Ditch 400x400.xls/MSN
MBA = k1(2B+A)+CBA
0,2231 tfm
-0,2231 tfm
MCB = k2(2C+B)+CCB
0,2231 tfm
-0,2231 tfm
0,2393 tfm
-0,2393 tfm
MAD = k3(2A+D)+CAD
0,2393 tfm
-0,2393 tfm
MBA
w2
5,920 tf/m2
4,720 tf/m2
-0,2393 tfm
w1
w2
MAB
Load at end A
Load at end B
Bending moment at end A
MBA
L
ch
t
d
0,2231
0,600
0,060
0,200
0,140
tfm
m
m
m
m
L
x
A
w1
MAB
c) Bending Moment
MA = MAB
MB = -MBA
0,280
0,104
0,320
-0,109
m
tf
m
tf
-0,239 tfm
-0,223 tfm
The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SAB - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
=
1,6831
-5,9205 x
+
1,0000 x2 ,
x =
Bending moment at x = 0,2994
5,621
0,299
m is;
2 / 16
0,008 tfm
U-Ditch 400x400.xls/MSN
Uniform load
9,771 tf/m2
Uniform load
0,000 tf/m2
Distance from end B to near end of w2 0,000 m
Length of uniform load w2
0,600 m
Bending moment at end B
-0,2231 tfm
Bending moment at end C
0,2231 tfm
Length of member (=Bo)
0,600 m
Protective covering height
0,060 m
Thickness of member (height)
0,200 m
Effective height of member
0,140 m
w2
w1
C
B
MBC
SBC = (w1L+w2b)/2-(MBC+MCB)/L
2,931 tf
-2,931 tf
MCB
L
=
=
in case of
0,280
0,195
0,320
-0,195
0,600 m
m
tf
m
tf
-0,223 tfm
-0,223 tfm
The maximum bending moment occurs at the center of member due to symmetry loading distribution.
Bending moment at x = 0,300 m is;
=
0,217 tfm
Mmax = SBCx - w1x2/2 - w2(x-a)2/2 + MBC
Load at end C
Load at end D
Bending moment at end C
Bending moment at end D
Length of member (=H0)
Protective covering height
Thickness of member (height)
Effective height of member
4,720
5,920
-0,2231
0,2393
0,600
0,060
0,200
0,140
tf/m
tf/m2
tfm
tfm
m
m
m
m
MCD
C
L
w1
x
D
w2
MDC
3 / 16
U-Ditch 400x400.xls/MSN
0,280
0,109
0,320
-0,104
m
tf
m
tf
-0,223 tfm
-0,239 tfm
The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SCD - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
=
1,5091
-4,7205 x
-1,0000 x2 ,
x =
-5,021
0,301
= 0,00825 tfm
Reaction at end D
Reaction at end A
Bending moment at end B
MAD
L
ch
t
d
10,411 tf/m2
10,411 tf/m2
-0,23927 tfm
0,23927
0,600
0,060
0,200
0,140
tfm
m
m
m
m
L
MAD
MDA
w2
w1
0,300
4 / 16
0,229 tfm
U-Ditch 400x400.xls/MSN
Case 2: Box Culvert Inside is Empty, Underground Water up to Top slab, Track load Case. L2
1) Calculation of Load Term
Ph1
Horizontal Pressure at top of side wall
Ph2
Horizontal Pressure at bottom of side wall
Pv1
Vertical Pressure(1) on top slab
Pv2
Vertical Pressure(2) on top slab
Pq
Reaction to bottom slab
a
Distance from joint B to far end of Pv2
b
Distance from joint B to near end of Pv2
H0
Height of plane frame
B0
Width of plane frame
t1
Thickness of side wall
t2
Thickness of top slab
t3
Thickness of invert (bottom slab)
4,720
5,920
9,771
0,000
10,411
0,600
0,000
0,600
0,600
0,200
0,200
0,200
tf/m2
tf/m2
2
tf/m
2
tf/m
2
tf/m
m
B
m
m
H0 (t1)
m
m
A
m
m
(t2)
C
(t1)
(t3)
B0
CAB = CDC = (2Ph1+3Ph2)H02/60
0,15601 tfm
0,29313 tfm
0,31233 tfm
0,16321 tfm
1,0
1,00000
k3 = H0t33/(B0t13) =
1,00000
2(k1+k3)
k1
k3
-3k1
k1
2(k1+k2)
k2
-3k1
CBC - CBA
k2
2(k1+k2)
k1
-3k1
k3
k1
0
k1
k1
k1
2(k1+k3)
k1
-3k1
-4k1
D
R
= CCD - CCB
CDA - CDC
0
CAB - CAD
R =0
B = -C
2k1+k3
k1
k1
2k1+k2
3,0000
1,0
1,0
3,0000
A
B
CAB - CAD
CBC - CBA
-0,14911493
0,13711493
= -0,07306
-0,07006
0,07306
0,07006
5 / 16
U-Ditch 400x400.xls/MSN
MBA = k1(2B+A)+CBA
0,2231 tfm
-0,2231 tfm
MCB = k2(2C+B)+CCB
0,2231 tfm
-0,2231 tfm
0,2393 tfm
-0,2393 tfm
MAD = k3(2A+D)+CAD
0,2393 tfm
-0,2393 tfm
MBA
w2
w1
w2
MAB
Load at end A
Load at end B
Bending moment at end A
5,920 tf/m
4,720 tf/m2
-0,2393 tfm
MBA
L
ch
t
d
0,2231
0,600
0,060
0,200
0,140
tfm
m
m
m
m
L
x
A
w1
MAB
c) Bending Moment
MA = MAB
MB = -MBA
0,280
0,104
0,32
-0,109
m
tf
m
tf
-0,239 tfm
-0,223 tfm
The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SAB - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
=
1,6831
-5,9205 x
+
1,0000 x2 ,
x =
Bending moment at x = 0,2994
5,621
0,299
m is;
6 / 16
0,008 tfm
U-Ditch 400x400.xls/MSN
Uniform load
9,771
Uniform load
0,000
Distance from end B to near end of w2 0,000
Length of uniform load w2
0,600
Bending moment at end B
-0,2231
tf/m2
2
tf/m
m
m
tfm
MCB
L
ch
t
d
tfm
m
m
m
m
0,2231
0,600
0,060
0,200
0,140
SBC = (w1L+w2b)/2-(MBC+MCB)/L
2,931 tf
-2,931 tf
w2
w1
C
B
MBC
MCB
L
in case of
0,280
0,195
0,320
-0,195
0,600 m
m
tf
m
tf
-0,223 tfm
-0,223 tfm
The maximum bending moment occurs at the center of member due to symmetry loading distribution.
Bending moment at x = 0,300 m is;
=
0,217 tfm
Mmax = SBCx - w1x2/2 - w2(x-a)2/2 + MBC
Load at end C
Load at end D
Bending moment at end C
MDC
L
ch
t
d
4,720 tf/m2
5,920 tf/m2
-0,2231 tfm
0,2393
0,600
0,060
0,200
0,140
tfm
m
m
m
m
MCD
C
L
w1
x
D
w2
MDC
7 / 16
U-Ditch 400x400.xls/MSN
-0,223 tfm
-0,239 tfm
The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SCD - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
=
1,5091
-4,7205 x
-1,0000 x2 ,
x =
-5,0211
0,3006
0,0083 tfm
Reaction at end D
Reaction at end A
Bending moment at end B
MAD
L
ch
t
d
10,411 tf/m2
10,411 tf/m2
-0,2393 tfm
0,2393
0,600
0,060
0,200
0,140
tfm
m
m
m
m
L
MAD
MDA
w2
w1
=
-0,239 tfm
MA = -MAD
=
-0,239 tfm
The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SDA - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
=
3,1233
-10,4110 x
,
x =
0,3000
8 / 16
0,229 tfm
U-Ditch 400x400.xls/MSN
Case 3: Box Culvert Inside is Full, Underground Water up to invert, Track load Case. L1
1) Calculation of Load Term
Ph1
Horizontal Pressure at top of side wall
Ph2
Horizontal Pressure at bottom of side wall
Pv1
Vertical Pressure(1) on top slab
Pv2
Vertical Pressure(2) on top slab
Pq
Reaction to bottom slab
a
Distance from joint B to far end of Pv2
b
Distance from joint B to near end of Pv2
H0
Height of plane frame
B0
Width of plane frame
t1
Thickness of side wall
t2
Thickness of top slab
t3
Thickness of invert (bottom slab)
4,610
4,750
9,771
0,000
10,411
0,600
0,000
0,600
0,600
0,200
0,200
0,200
tf/m2
tf/m2
2
tf/m
2
tf/m
2
tf/m
m
B
m
m
H0 (t1)
m
m
A
m
m
(t2)
C
(t1)
(t3)
B0
CAB = CDC = (2Ph1+3Ph2)H02/60
0,13999 tfm
0,29313 tfm
0,31233 tfm
0,14083 tfm
1,0
1,00000
k3 = H0t33/(B0t13) =
1,00000
2(k1+k3)
k1
k3
-3k1
k1
2(k1+k2)
k2
-3k1
CBC - CBA
k2
2(k1+k2)
k1
-3k1
k3
k1
0
k1
k1
k1
2(k1+k3)
k1
-3k1
-4k1
D
R
= CCD - CCB
CDA - CDC
0
CAB - CAD
B = -C
2k1+k3
k1
k1
2k1+k2
3,0000
1,0
1,0
3,0000
A
B
R =0
=
CAB - CAD
CBC - CBA
-0,17149493
0,15313493
= -0,08345
= 0,07886
C
D
9 / 16
=
=
-0,07886
0,08345
U-Ditch 400x400.xls/MSN
= -0,22888 tfm
MBA = k1(2B+A)+CBA
= 0,21427 tfm
= -0,21427 tfm
MCB = k2(2C+B)+CCB
= 0,21427 tfm
= -0,21427 tfm
= 0,22888 tfm
= -0,22888 tfm
MAD = k3(2A+D)+CAD
= 0,22888 tfm
MBA
w2
w1
w2
MAB
Load at end A
Load at end B
Bending moment at end A
4,750 tf/m
4,610 tf/m2
-0,2289 tfm
MBA
L
ch
t
d
0,2143
0,600
0,060
0,200
0,140
tfm
m
m
m
m
L
x
A
w1
MAB
c) Bending Moment
MA = MAB
MB = -MBA
0,280
0,115
0,320
-0,073
m
tf
m
tf
-0,229 tfm
-0,214 tfm
The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SAB - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
=
1,4355
-4,7505 x
+
0,1167 x2 ,
x =
Bending moment at x = 0,3045
40,414
0,304
m is;
10 / 16
-0,011 tfm
U-Ditch 400x400.xls/MSN
Uniform load
Uniform load
Distance from end B to near end of w2
Length of uniform load w2
Bending moment at end B
MCB
L
ch
t
d
9,771
0,000
0,000
0,600
-0,214
tf/m2
2
tf/m
m
m
tfm
0,214
0,600
0,060
0,200
0,140
tfm
m
m
m
m
SBC = (w1L+w2b)/2-(MBC+MCB)/L
2,931 tf
-2,931 tf
w2
w1
C
B
MBC
MCB
L
in case of
0,280
0,195
0,320
-0,195
0,600 m
m
tf
m
tf
-0,214 tfm
-0,214 tfm
The maximum bending moment occurs at the center of member due to symmetry loading distribution.
Bending moment at x = 0,300 m is;
=
0,225 tfm
Mmax = SBCx - w1x2/2 - w2(x-a)2/2 + MBC
Load at end C
Load at end D
Bending moment at end C
MDC
L
ch
t
d
4,610 tf/m2
4,750 tf/m2
-0,214 tfm
0,229
0,600
0,060
0,200
0,140
tfm
m
m
m
m
MCD
C
L
w1
x
D
w2
MDC
11 / 16
U-Ditch 400x400.xls/MSN
-0,214 tfm
-0,229 tfm
The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SCD - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
=
1,3728
-4,6105 x
-0,1167 x2 ,
x =
-39,81
0,296
-0,011 tfm
Reaction at end D
Reaction at end A
Bending moment at end B
MAD
L
ch
t
d
10,411 tf/m2
10,411 tf/m2
-0,229 tfm
0,229
0,600
0,060
0,200
0,140
tfm
m
m
m
m
L
MAD
MDA
w2
w1
=
-0,229 tfm
MA = -MAD
=
-0,229 tfm
The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SDA - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
=
3,1233
-10,4110 x
,
x =
0,300
12 / 16
0,240 tfm
U-Ditch 400x400.xls/MSN
Case 4: Box Culvert Inside is Full, Underground Water up to invert, Track load Case. L2
1) Calculation of Load Term
Ph1
Horizontal Pressure at top of side wall
Ph2
Pv1
Pv2
Pq
a
b
H0
B0
t1
t2
t3
4,610 tf/m2
4,750 tf/m2
9,771 tf/m2
0,000 tf/m2
10,411 tf/m2
0,600 m
B
0,000 m
0,600 m
H0 (t1)
0,600 m
0,200 m
A
0,200 m
0,200 m
(t2)
C
(t1)
(t3)
B0
CAB = CDC = (2Ph1+3Ph2)H02/60
0,13999 tfm
0,29313 tfm
0,31233 tfm
0,14083 tfm
1,0
1,00000
1,00000
2(k1+k3)
k1
k3
-3k1
k1
2(k1+k2)
k2
-3k1
CBC - CBA
k2
2(k1+k2)
k1
-3k1
= CCD - CCB
k3
k1
0
k1
k1
k1
2(k1+k3)
k1
-3k1
-4k1
D
R
CDA - CDC
0
CAB - CAD
R =0
B = -C
2k1+k3
k1
k1
2k1+k2
A
B
CAB - CAD
CBC - CBA
3,0000
1,0
A
B
-0,17149493
0,15313493
1,0
3,0000
= -0,08345
= 0,07886
C
D
13 / 16
=
=
-0,07886
0,08345
U-Ditch 400x400.xls/MSN
= -0,22888 tfm
MBA = k1(2B+A)+CBA
= 0,21427 tfm
= -0,21427 tfm
MCB = k2(2C+B)+CCB
= 0,21427 tfm
= -0,21427 tfm
= 0,22888 tfm
= -0,22888 tfm
MAD = k3(2A+D)+CAD
= 0,22888 tfm
MBA
w2
w1
w2
MAB
Load at end A
Load at end B
Bending moment at end A
4,750 tf/m
4,610 tf/m2
-0,229 tfm
MBA
L
ch
t
d
0,214
0,600
0,060
0,200
0,140
tfm
m
m
m
m
L
x
A
w1
MAB
c) Bending Moment
MA = MAB
MB = -MBA
0,280
0,115
0,32
-0,073
m
tf
m
tf
-0,229 tfm
-0,214 tfm
The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SAB - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
=
1,4355
-4,7505 x
+
0,1167 x2 ,
x =
Bending moment at x = 0,3045
40,414
0,304
m is;
2
3
Mmax = SABx - w1x /2 - (w2-w1)x /(6L) + MAB
14 / 16
-0,011 tfm
U-Ditch 400x400.xls/MSN
Uniform load
Uniform load
Distance from end B to near end of w2
Length of uniform load w2
Bending moment at end B
MCB
L
ch
t
d
9,771
0,000
0,000
0,600
-0,214
tf/m2
2
tf/m
m
m
tfm
0,214
0,600
0,060
0,200
0,140
tfm
m
m
m
m
SBC = (w1L+w2b)/2-(MBC+MCB)/L
2,931 tf
-2,931 tf
w2
w1
C
B
MBC
MCB
L
in case of
0,280
0,195
0,320
-0,195
0,600 m
m
tf
m
tf
-0,214 tfm
-0,214 tfm
The maximum bending moment occurs at the center of member due to symmetry loading distribution.
Bending moment at x = 0,300 m is;
=
0,225 tfm
Mmax = SBCx - w1x2/2 - w2(x-a)2/2 + MBC
Load at end C
Load at end D
Bending moment at end C
MDC
L
ch
t
d
4,610 tf/m2
4,750 tf/m2
-0,214 tfm
0,229
0,600
0,060
0,200
0,140
tfm
m
m
m
m
MCD
C
L
w1
x
D
w2
MDC
15 / 16
U-Ditch 400x400.xls/MSN
-0,214 tfm
-0,229 tfm
The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SCD - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
=
1,3728
-4,6105 x
-0,1167 x2 ,
x =
-39,8
0,296
-0,011 tfm
Reaction at end D
Reaction at end A
Bending moment at end B
MAD
L
ch
t
d
10,411 tf/m2
10,411 tf/m2
-0,229 tfm
0,229
0,600
0,060
0,200
0,140
tfm
m
m
m
m
L
MAD
MDA
w2
w1
=
-0,229 tfm
MA = -MAD
=
-0,229 tfm
The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SDA - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
=
3,1233
-10,4110 x
,
x =
0,300
16 / 16
0,240 tfm
U-Ditch 400x400.xls/MSN
Member
Side wall
(left)
Case
Case.1
Case.2
Case.3
Case.4
Top slab
Case.1
Case.2
Case.3
Case.4
Side wall
(right)
Case.1
Case.2
Case.3
Case.4
Invert
Case.1
Case.2
Case.3
Case.4
Check
Point
A
Middle
B
A
Middle
B
A
Middle
B
A
Middle
B
B
Middle
C
B
Middle
C
B
Middle
C
B
Middle
C
C
Middle
D
C
Middle
D
C
Middle
D
C
Middle
D
D
Middle
A
D
Middle
A
D
Middle
A
D
Middle
A
M
(tfm)
-0,239
0,008
-0,223
-0,239
0,008
-0,223
-0,229
-0,011
-0,214
-0,229
-0,011
-0,214
-0,223
0,217
-0,223
-0,223
0,217
-0,223
-0,214
0,225
-0,214
-0,214
0,225
-0,214
-0,223
0,008
-0,239
-0,223
0,008
-0,239
-0,214
-0,011
-0,229
-0,214
-0,011
-0,229
-0,239
0,229
-0,239
-0,239
0,229
-0,239
-0,229
0,240
-0,229
-0,229
0,240
-0,229
1/1
N
(tf)
3,123
3,027
2,931
3,123
3,027
2,931
3,123
3,026
2,931
3,123
3,026
2,931
1,509
1,509
1,509
1,509
1,509
1,509
1,373
1,373
1,373
1,373
1,373
1,373
2,931
3,027
3,123
2,931
3,027
3,123
2,931
3,026
3,123
2,931
3,026
3,123
1,683
1,683
1,683
1,683
1,683
1,683
1,435
1,435
1,435
1,435
1,435
1,435
S
at joint
1,683
0,000
-1,509
1,683
0,000
-1,509
1,435
0,000
-1,373
1,435
0,000
-1,373
2,931
0,000
-2,931
2,931
0,000
-2,931
2,931
0,000
-2,931
2,931
0,000
-2,931
1,509
0,000
-1,683
1,509
0,000
-1,683
1,373
0,000
-1,435
1,373
0,000
-1,435
3,123
0,000
-3,123
3,123
0,000
-3,123
3,123
0,000
-3,123
3,123
0,000
-3,123
(tf)
at 2d
0,104
-0,109
0,104
-0,109
0,115
-0,073
0,115
-0,073
0,195
-0,195
0,195
-0,195
0,195
-0,195
0,195
-0,195
0,109
-0,104
0,109
-0,104
0,073
-0,115
0,073
-0,115
0,208
-0,208
0,208
-0,208
0,208
-0,208
0,208
-0,208
70 kgf/m2
2100 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4,00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
7,66 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 20,727 kgf/cm2
(
0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = c^3
+125,68 c^2
-975,55 c
-42680,20
s = nc/(nc+sa) =
0,1915
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa =
0,0000 cm2
Case.2
M=
N=
S0=
S2d=
0,2393
3,1233
1,6831
0,1038
ca =
sa =
n=
tfm
tf
tf
tf
70 kgf/m2
2100 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4,00
100
d
d
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
7,66 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 20,727 kgf/cm2
(
0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = c^3
+125,68 c^2
-975,55 c
-42680,20
s = nc/(nc+sa) =
0,1915
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa =
0,0000 cm2
Case.3
M=
N=
S0=
S2d=
0,2289
3,1233
1,4355
0,1145
ca =
sa =
n=
tfm
tf
tf
tf
70 kgf/m2
2100 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4,00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
7,33 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 20,389 kgf/cm2
(
0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = c^3
+125,83 c^2
-947,7 c
-41462,03
s = nc/(nc+sa) =
0,1890
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa =
0,0000 cm2
Case.4
M=
N=
S0=
S2d=
0,2289
3,1233
1,4355
0,1145
ca =
sa =
n=
tfm
tf
tf
tf
70 kgf/m2
2100 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4,00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
7,33 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 20,389 kgf/cm2
(
0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = c^3
+125,83 c^2
-947,7 c
-41462,03
s = nc/(nc+sa) =
0,1890
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa =
0,0000 cm2
The maximum requirement of reinforcement bar is
Case.
Requirement
1
0,0000
2
0,0000
ca =
sa =
n=
4
0,0000 (cm2)
70 kgf/m2
2100 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4,00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
7,61 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 19,943 kgf/cm2
(
0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = c^3
+126,04 c^2
-911,58 c
-39881,76
s = nc/(nc+sa) =
0,1856
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa =
0,0000 cm2
Case.2
M=
N=
S0=
S2d=
0,2231
2,9313
1,5091
0,1090
tfm
tf
tf
tf
ca =
sa =
n=
70 kgf/m2
2100 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4,00
100
d
d
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
7,61 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 19,943 kgf/cm2
(
0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = c^3
+126,04 c^2
-911,58 c
-39881,76
s = nc/(nc+sa) =
0,1856
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa =
0,0000 cm2
1/5
Case.3
M=
N=
S0=
S2d=
0,2143
2,9313
1,3728
0,0727
ca =
sa =
n=
tfm
tf
tf
tf
70 kgf/m2
2100 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4,00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
7,31 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 19,648 kgf/cm2
(
0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = c^3
+126,18 c^2
-888 c
-38849,92
s = nc/(nc+sa) =
0,1834
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa =
0,0000 cm2
Case.4
M=
N=
S0=
S2d=
0,2143
2,9313
1,3728
0,0727
ca =
sa =
n=
tfm
tf
tf
tf
70 kgf/m2
2100 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4,00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
7,31 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 19,648 kgf/cm2
(
0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = c^3
+126,18 c^2
-888 c
-38849,92
s = nc/(nc+sa) =
0,1834
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa =
0,0000 cm2
The maximum requirement of reinforcement bar is
Case.
Requirement
3) At Joint "B"of top slab
Case.1
M=
0,2231
N=
1,5091
S0=
2,9313
S2d=
0,1954
1
0,0000
2
0,0000
ca =
sa =
n=
tfm
tf
tf
tf
4
0,0000 (cm2)
70 kgf/m2
2100 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4,00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
14,78 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 17,985 kgf/cm2
(
0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = c^3
+126,91 c^2
-759,21 c
-33215,43
s = nc/(nc+sa) =
0,1705
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa =
0,3035 cm2
Case.2
M=
N=
S0=
S2d=
0,2231
1,5091
2,9313
0,1954
ca =
sa =
n=
tfm
tf
tf
tf
70 kgf/m2
2100 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4,00
100
d
d
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
14,78 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 17,985 kgf/cm2
(
0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = c^3
+126,91 c^2
-759,21 c
-33215,43
s = nc/(nc+sa) =
0,1705
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa =
0,3035 cm2
Case.3
M=
N=
S0=
S2d=
0,2143
1,3728
2,9313
0,1954
ca =
sa =
n=
tfm
tf
tf
tf
70 kgf/m2
2100 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4,00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
15,61 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 17,472 kgf/cm2
(
0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = c^3
+127,13 c^2
-721,02 c
-31544,46
s = nc/(nc+sa) =
0,1664
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa =
0,3156 cm2
Case.4
M=
N=
S0=
S2d=
0,2143
1,3728
2,9313
0,1954
ca =
sa =
n=
tfm
tf
tf
tf
70 kgf/m2
2100 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4,00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
15,61 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 17,472 kgf/cm2
( 5,1E-07 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = c^3
+127,13 c^2
-721,02 c
-31544,46
s = nc/(nc+sa) =
0,1664
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa =
0,3156 cm2
The maximum requirement of reinforcement bar is
Case.
Requirement
1
0,3035
2
0,3035
4
0,3156 (cm2)
2/5
ca =
sa =
n=
tfm
tf
tf
tf
70 kgf/m2
2100 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4,00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
14,22 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 18,799 kgf/cm2
( 4,7E-08 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = c^3
+126,56 c^2
-821,25 c
-35929,50
s = nc/(nc+sa) =
0,1768
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa =
0,3067 cm2
Case.2
M=
N=
S0=
S2d=
0,2393
1,6831
3,1233
0,2082
ca =
sa =
n=
tfm
tf
tf
tf
70 kgf/m2
2100 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4,00
100
d
d
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
14,22 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 18,799 kgf/cm2
(
0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = c^3
+126,56 c^2
-821,25 c
-35929,50
s = nc/(nc+sa) =
0,1768
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa =
0,3067 cm2
Case.3
M=
N=
S0=
S2d=
0,2289
1,4355
3,1233
0,2082
ca =
sa =
n=
tfm
tf
tf
tf
70 kgf/m2
2100 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4,00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
15,94 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 18,087 kgf/cm2
(
0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = c^3
+126,87 c^2
-766,87 c
-33550,47
s = nc/(nc+sa) =
0,1713
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa =
0,3492 cm2
Case.4
M=
N=
S0=
S2d=
0,2289
1,4355
3,1233
0,2082
ca =
sa =
n=
tfm
tf
tf
tf
70 kgf/m2
2100 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4,00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
15,94 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 18,087 kgf/cm2
( 1,7E-07 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = c^3
+126,87 c^2
-766,87 c
-33550,47
s = nc/(nc+sa) =
0,1713
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa =
0,3492 cm2
The maximum requirement of reinforcement bar is
Case.
Requirement
1
0,3067
2
0,3067
ca =
sa =
n=
4
0,3492 (cm2)
70 kgf/m2
2100 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4,00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
0,27 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c =11,6723 kgf/cm2
(
0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
h
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = c^3
+129,27 c^2
-346,47 c
-15158,20
s = nc/(nc+sa) =
0,1177
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa =
0,0000 cm2
Tensile is on inside of member
Case.2
M=
N=
0,0083 tfm
3,0275 tf
ca =
sa =
n=
70 kgf/m2
2100 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4,00
100
d
d
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
0,27 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 11,672 kgf/cm2
(
0,0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = c^3
+129,27 c^2
-346,47 c
-15158,20
s = nc/(nc+sa) =
0,1177
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa =
0,0000 cm2
Tensile is on inside of member
3/5
Case.3
M=
N=
0,0109 tfm
3,0259 tf
ca =
sa =
n=
70 kgf/m2
2100 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4,00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
0,36 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 11,798 kgf/cm2
(
0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = c^3
+129,23 c^2
-353,41 c
-15461,54
s = nc/(nc+sa) =
0,1188
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa =
0,0000 cm2
Tensile is on outside of member
Case.4
M=
N=
0,0109 tfm
3,0259 tf
ca =
sa =
n=
70 kgf/m2
2100 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4,00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
0,36 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 11,798 kgf/cm2
(
0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = c^3
+129,23 c^2
-353,41 c
-15461,54
s = nc/(nc+sa) =
0,1188
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa =
0,0000 cm2
Tensile is on outside of member
The maximum requirement of reinforcement bar is
Case.
Requirement
Side
6) At Middle of top slab
Case.1
M=
0,2166 tfm
N=
1,5091 tf
1
0,0000
inside
2
0,0000
inside
ca =
sa =
n=
4
outside
(cm2)
70 kgf/m2
2100 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4,00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
14,35 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 17,754 kgf/cm2
(
0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
h
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = c^3
+127,01 c^2
-741,93 c
-32459,57
s = nc/(nc+sa) =
0,1687
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa =
0,2796 cm2
Tensile is on inside of member
Case.2
M=
N=
0,2166 tfm
1,5091 tf
ca =
sa =
n=
70 kgf/m2
2100 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4,00
100
d
d
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
14,35 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 17,754 kgf/cm2
(
0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = c^3
+127,01 c^2
-741,93 c
-32459,57
s = nc/(nc+sa) =
0,1687
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa =
0,2796 cm2
Tensile is on inside of member
Case.3
M=
N=
0,2254 tfm
1,3728 tf
ca =
sa =
n=
70 kgf/m2
2100 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4,00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
16,42 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 17,875 kgf/cm2
(
0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = c^3
+126,96 c^2
-750,91 c
-32852,27
s = nc/(nc+sa) =
0,1696
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa =
0,3570 cm2
Tensile is on inside of member
Case.4
M=
N=
0,2254 tfm
1,3728 tf
ca =
sa =
n=
70 kgf/m2
2100 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4,00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
16,42 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 17,875 kgf/cm2
( 2,5E-07 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = c^3
+126,96 c^2
-750,91 c
-32852,27
s = nc/(nc+sa) =
0,1696
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa =
0,3570 cm2
Tensile is on inside of member
The maximum requirement of reinforcement bar is
Case.
Requirement
Side
1
2
3
0,2796 0,2796 0,3570
inside
inside
inside
4
0,3570 (cm2)
inside
4/5
7) At Middle of invert
Case.1
M=
0,2292 tfm
N=
1,6831 tf
ca =
sa =
n=
70 kgf/m2
2100 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4,00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
13,62 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c =18,4488 kgf/cm2
(
0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
h
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = c^3
+126,71 c^2
-794,33 c
-34751,76
s = nc/(nc+sa) =
0,1741
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa =
0,2693 cm2
Tensile is on inside of member
Case.2
M=
N=
0,2292 tfm
1,6831 tf
ca =
sa =
n=
70 kgf/m2
2100 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4,00
100
d
d
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
13,62 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 18,449 kgf/cm2
(
0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = c^3
+126,71 c^2
-794,33 c
-34751,76
s = nc/(nc+sa) =
0,1741
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa =
0,2693 cm2
Tensile is on inside of member
Case.3
M=
N=
0,2396 tfm
1,4355 tf
ca =
sa =
n=
70 kgf/m2
2100 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4,00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
16,69 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 18,466 kgf/cm2
( 8,7E-08 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = c^3
+126,7 c^2
-795,64 c
-34809,07
s = nc/(nc+sa) =
0,1743
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa =
0,3891 cm2
Tensile is on inside of member
Case.4
M=
N=
0,2396 tfm
1,4355 tf
ca =
sa =
n=
70 kgf/m2
2100 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4,00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
16,69 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 18,466 kgf/cm2
(
0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = c^3
+126,7 c^2
-795,64 c
-34809,07
s = nc/(nc+sa) =
0,1743
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa =
0,3891 cm2
Tensile is on inside of member
The maximum requirement of reinforcement bar is
Case.
Requirement
Side
1
2
3
0,2693 0,2693 0,3891
inside
inside
inside
4
0,3891 (cm2)
inside
5/5
Bending moment
M
Shearing force (joint)
S
Shearing force (2d)
S2d
Axial force
N
Height of member
h
Covering depth
d'
Effective height
d
Effective width
b
Effective area
bd
Young's modulus ratio
n
Required R-bar
Asreq
kgfcm
kgf
kgf
kgf
cm
cm
cm
cm
cm2
-
0,00
cm2
R-bar arrangement
Reinforcement
Perimeter of R-bar
M/N
Dist. from neutral axis
bottom
outside
23.927
1.683
115
3.123
20
6
14
100
1400
24
12@150
As
U
e
c
a'
b'
cm2
cm
cm
c'
x
(check)
Compressive stress
Allowable stress
c kgf/cm2
ca kgf/cm2
Tensile stress
Allowable stress
s
sa
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2
Shearing stress at 2d
Allowable stress
2d kgf/cm2
2da kgf/cm2
Resisting Moment
Mr for compression
x for Mrc
s for Mrc
Mr for tensile
x for Mrs
c for Mrs
Mr
Mrc
Mrs
kgfcm
kgfcm
cm
kgf/cm2
kgfcm
cm
kgf/cm2
cm2
Invert
end
middle
outside
inside
22.888
23.962
3.123
0
208
1.435
1.435
20
20
6
6
14
14
100
100
1400
1400
24
24
0,00
0,32
0,36
0,35
0,39
12@150
12@150
12@150
12@150
12@150
7,54
25,13
7,661
4,00
-7,0
126,6
-1772,5
10,69
0,000
ok
4,52
15,08
0,273
4,00
-29,2
27,8
-389,3
28,69
0,001
ok
7,54
25,13
7,610
4,00
-7,2
126,1
-1764,8
10,74
0,000
ok
7,54
25,13
15,608
4,00
16,8
212,9
-2980,6
7,52
0,000
ok
7,54
25,13
16,421
4,00
19,3
221,7
-3104,1
7,40
0,000
ok
7,54
25,13
15,944
4,00
17,8
216,5
-3031,6
7,47
0,000
ok
7,54
25,13
16,692
4,00
20,1
224,7
-3145,4
7,37
0,000
ok
6,5
70,0
ok
48,6
2100,0
ok
1,20
11,00
ok
0,08
5,50
ok
2,0
70,0
ok
0,0
2100,0
ok
0,00
11,00
ok
-
6,1
70,0
ok
44,4
2100,0
ok
1,08
11,00
ok
0,08
5,50
ok
6,2
70,0
ok
128,6
2100,0
ok
2,09
11,00
ok
0,14
5,50
ok
6,6
70,0
ok
140,3
2100,0
ok
0,00
11,00
ok
-
6,7
70,0
ok
139,5
2100,0
ok
2,23
11,00
ok
0,15
5,50
ok
7,0
70,0
ok
150,9
2100,0
ok
0,00
11,00
ok
-
235.438
235.438
5,884
2317,2
379.690
7,789
109,7
199.883
199.883
4,897
3122,5
218.260
6,329
72,2
235.421
235.421
5,862
2332,3
375.059
7,749
108,5
235.378
235.378
5,685
2457,0
338.900
7,420
98,7
235.378
235.378
5,685
2457,0
338.900
7,420
98,7
235.377
235.377
5,692
2451,9
340.307
7,434
99,1
235.377
235.377
5,692
2451,9
340.307
7,434
99,1
As min =
1/1
4,5 cm2
h1
h2
Ha
h3
b1
b1
b2
Bb
Section of Culvert
1. Design Data
b1 =
0,200
h1 =
0,200
Bb =
0,800
m
m
m
2. Data Pembesian
Bottom slab :
As1 (cm2)
:
As2 (cm2)
:
Tumpuan
O 12 @ 150
O 12 @ 150
Lapangan
O 12 @ 150
O 12 @ 150
Tulangan bagi :
O 12 @ 250
b2 =
h2 =
Ha =
0,400
0,400
0,800
m
m
m
h3 =
Fillet =
0,200 m
0,15 m
0,06 m
Side wall :
As1 (cm2)
As2 (cm2)
:
:
Tumpuan
O 12 @ 150
O 12 @ 250
Lapangan
O 12 @ 250
O 12 @ 150
Tulangan bagi :
O 12 @ 250
Top slab :
As1 (cm2)
As2 (cm2)
:
:
Tumpuan
O 12 @ 150
O 12 @ 150
Lapangan
O 12 @ 150
O 12 @ 150
Tulangan bagi :
O 12 @ 250
:
:
1/2
U-Ditch 400x400.xls/PlotRebar
B0,4 x H0,4
Clear width
Clear height
Height of fillet
m
m
m
0,40
0,40
0,15
cm
cm
cm
20,0
20,0
20,0
Cover of reinforcement bar (between concrete surface and center of reinforcement bar)
Side wall
Outside
cm
6,0
Inside
cm
6,0
Top slab
Upper
cm
6,0
Lower
cm
6,0
Bottom slab Lower
cm
6,0
Upper
cm
6,0
Bar arrangement
Side wall
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
12@150
12@250
12@250
12@250
12@150
12@250
Top slab
Upper edge
mm
mm
mm
mm
12@150
12@250
12@150
12@250
Tensile bar
Distribution bar
Upper middle Tensile bar
Distribution bar
mm
mm
mm
mm
12@150
12@250
12@150
12@250
Upper edge
Lower edge
mm
mm
12@250
12@250
Fillet
Tensile bar
Distribution bar
Lower middle Tensile bar
Distribution bar
Fillet bar
Fillet bar
2 Design Parameters
Unit Weight
Reinforced Concrete
Backfill soil
(wet)
(submerged)
c=
s=
s'=
Live Load
Class of road
Truck load at rear wheel
Impact coefficient (for Class I to IV road)
P=
Ci=
Pedestrian load
2,4 tf/m
3
1,8 tf/m
3
1,0 tf/m
Class I
10,0
0,3
0,0
0
(BM100)
tf
(D<4.0m)
(D>4.0m)
tf/m2
Concrete
(K175)
Design Strength
Allowable Compressive Stress
Allowable Shearing Stress
ck=
ca=
a=
175 kgf/cm2
2
70 kgf/cm
2
5,5 kgf/cm
Reinforcement Bar
(U24, deformed bar)
sa=
sy=
2.100 kgf/cm2
2
3.000 kgf/cm
1/1
n=
24
Ka=
0,5
U-Ditch 400x400.xls/Summary
Gwd
D
t2
H
Hf
HT
Hf
t3
t1
t1
B
B
Cover of R-bar
Top Slab d2
Side Wall d1
Bottom Slab d3
0,06 m
0,06 m
0,06 m
Basic Parameters
Ka:
Coefficient of static earth pressure
w:
Unit weight of water (t/m3)
d:
Unit weight of soil (dry) (t/m3)
s:
Unit weight of soil (saturated) (t/m3)
c:
Unit weight of reinforced concrete (t/m3)
ck:
Concrete Design Strength
ca
Allowable Stress of Concrete
sa:
Allowable Stress of Reinforcement Bar
a:
Allowable Stress of Shearing (Concrete)
sy:
Yielding Point of Reinforcement Bar
n:
Young's Modulus Ratio
Fa:
Safety factor against uplift
0,5
1,00
1,80
2,00
2,40
175
70
2100
5,5
3000
24
1,2
Basic Dimensions
H:
Internal Height of Box Culvert
B:
Internal Width of Box Culvert
Hf:
Fillet Height
t1:
Thickness of Side Wall
t2:
Thickness of Top Slab
t3:
Thickness of Invert (Bottom Slab)
BT:
Gross Width of Box Culvert
HT:
Gross Height of Box Culvert
D:
Covering Depth
Gwd:
Underground Water Depth
for Case 1, 2
hiw:
Internal Water Depth
for Case 1, 2
for Case 3, 4
0,40
0,40
0,15
0,20
0,20
0,20
0,80
0,80
0,41
0,41
0,00
0,40
Basic Conditions
Classification of Live load by truck
Class
PTM:
Truck load of Middle Tire
Ii:
Impact coefficient (D4.0m:0, D<4.0m:0.3)
am:
Ground contact length of Middle Tire
bm:
Ground contact width of Middle Tire
PTR:
Truck load of Rear Tire
ar:
Ground contact length of Rear Tire
br:
Ground contact width of Rear Tire
PTF:
Truck load of Front wheel
af:
Ground contact length of Front Tire
bf:
Ground contact width of Front Tire
qp:
Pedestrian load
1
10,00
0,3
0,20
0,50
10,00
0,20
0,50
2,50
0,20
0,50
0,00
t/m3
t/m3
t/m3
t/m3
kgf/m2
kgf/m2
kgf/m2
kgf/m2
kgf/m2
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
(> 0.25m)
(> 0.25m)
(> 0.25m)
(= D)
t
m
m
t
m
m
t
m
m
t/m2
Dimension of frame
t1
t1
D1
t2
H0:
B0:
D1:
Height of frame
Width of frame
Covering depth at middle of top slab
t2/2 + H + t3/2
B + t1
D + t2/2
0,600 m
0,600 m
0,510 m
H0
t3
B0
1/6
U-Ditch 400x400.xls/Load
2PTM(1+Ii)/(am'bm') =
2D+1.75+bm =
2D+am =
8,3030 tf/m2,
3,070 m
1,020 m
B=
0,600 m
0,0000 tf/m2,
3,070 m
1,020 m
B=
0,000 m
0,0000 tf/m2,
3,070 m
1,020 m
B=
0,000 m
2PTM(1+Ii)/(am'bm') =
2D+1.75+bm =
2D+am =
8,3030 tf/m2,
3,070 m
1,020 m
B=
0,600 m
0,0000 tf/m2,
3,070 m
1,020 m
B=
0,000 m
0,0000 tf/m2,
3,070 m
1,020 m
B=
0,000 m
2PTR(1+Ii)/(ar'br') =
2D+1.75+br =
2D+ar =
8,3030 tf/m2,
3,070 m
1,020 m
B=
0,600 m
0,0000 tf/m2,
3,070 m
1,020 m
B=
0,000 m
0,0000 tf/m2,
3,070 m
1,020 m
B=
0,000 m
Pvt1 =
Pvt2 =
Pvt1 =
Pvt2 =
8,3030
0,0000
8,3030
0,0000
tf/m2,
tf/m2,
tf/m2,
tf/m2,
B=
B=
B=
B=
0,600
0,000
0,600
0,000
m
m
m
m
(2)
a) + b)
8,3030
(2)
(3)
a) + c) a) + b)
Distributed load total
8,3030 8,3030
Select the combination case of
8,3030 tf/m2,
for Case.L2, which is the largest load to the top slab.
(3)
a) + c)
8,3030
In case of covering depth (D) is over 3.0m, uniform load of 1.0 tf/m2 is applied on the top slab of culvert instead of live load calculated above.
0,000 tf/m2
Ws =
Wc =
Fa=
ok
0,640 tf/m
BT*{(D-Gwd)*(sw)+Gwd*d}
(HT*BT-H*B+2*Hf^2)*c
1,2
2/6
=
=
0,590 tf/m
1,260 tf/m
U-Ditch 400x400.xls/Load
3 Load calculation
Case 1: Box Culvert Inside is Empty, Underground Water up to Top slab, Track load Case. L1
1) vertical load against top slab
Acting Load
Wtop= (t2*BT+Hf^2)*c/B0
Pvd=Gwd*gd+(D-Gwd)*gs
Pvt1
Pvt2
5) ground reaction
Acting Load
Wbot=(t3*BT+Hf^2)*c/B0
Wtop
Ws=Wsw*2/B0
Pvd
Pvt1
Pvt2
Wiw=(hiw*B-2Hf^2)*w/B0
Up=-U/B0
soil pressure
top slab
side wall (left)
side wall (right)
invert
Pvd
Pvt1
Pvt2
side wall (left)
side wall (right)
internal water
uplift
total
Wtop=
Pvd=
Pvt1=
Pvt2=
Pv1=
(tf/m2)
0,7300
0,7380
8,3030
0,0000
9,7710
P1=
P2=
P3=
P4=
P5=
Ph1=
(tf/m2)
4,1515
0,0000
0,3690
0,1000
0,1000
4,7205
P1=
P2=
P3=
P4=
P5=
Ph2=
(tf/m2)
4,1515
0,0000
0,3690
0,7000
0,7000
5,9205
Wsw=
(tf/m)
0,1920
Wbot=
Wtop=
Ws=
Pvd=
Pvt1=
Pvt2=
Wiw=
U=
Q=
(tf/m2)
0,7300
0,7300
0,6400
0,7380
8,3030
0,0000
0,0000
-1,0667
10,0743
V
(tf/m)
0,4380
0,1920
0,1920
0,4380
0,4428
4,9818
0,0000
0,0000
-0,6400
6,0446
H
(tf/m)
3,1923
-3,1923
-
x
(m)
0,3000
0,0000
0,6000
0,3000
0,3000
0,3000
0,3000
0,3000
0,3000
y
(m)
0,2887
0,2887
-
M
(tf.m/m)
0,1314
0,0000
0,1152
0,1314
0,1328
1,4945
0,0000
0,9217
-0,9217
0,0000
-0,1920
1,8134
0,00 m
3/6
U-Ditch 400x400.xls/Load
Case 2: Box Culvert Inside is Empty, Underground Water up to Top slab, Track load Case. L2
1) vertical load against top slab
Acting Load
Wtop= (t2*BT+Hf^2)*c/B0
Pvd=Gwd*gd+(D-Gwd)*gs
Pvt1
Pvt2
5) ground reaction
Acting Load
Wbot=(t3*BT+Hf^2)*c/B0
Wtop
Ws=Wsw*2/B0
Pvd
Pvt1
Pvt2
Wiw=(hiw*B-2Hf^2)*w/B0
Up=-U/B0
soil pressure
top slab
side wall (left)
side wall (right)
invert
Pvd
Pvt1
Pvt2
side wall (left)
side wall (right)
internal water
uplift
total
Wtop=
Pvd=
Pvt1=
Pvt2=
Pv1=
(tf/m2)
0,7300
0,7380
8,3030
0,0000
9,7710
P1=
P2=
P3=
P4=
P5=
Ph1=
(tf/m2)
4,1515
0,0000
0,3690
0,1000
0,1000
4,7205
P1=
P2=
P3=
P4=
P5=
Ph2=
(tf/m2)
4,1515
0,0000
0,3690
0,7000
0,7000
5,9205
Wsw=
(tf/m)
0,1920
Wbot=
Wtop=
Ws=
Pvd=
Pvt1=
Pvt2=
Wiw=
U=
Q=
(tf/m2)
0,7300
0,7300
0,6400
0,7380
8,3030
0,0000
0,0000
-1,0667
10,0743
V
(tf/m)
0,4380
0,1920
0,1920
0,4380
0,4428
4,9818
0,0000
0,0000
-0,6400
6,0446
H
(tf/m)
3,1923
-3,1923
-
x
(m)
0,3000
0,0000
0,6000
0,3000
0,3000
0,3000
0,3000
0,3000
0,3000
y
(m)
0,2887
0,2887
-
M
(tf.m/m)
0,1314
0,0000
0,1152
0,1314
0,1328
1,4945
0,0000
0,9217
-0,9217
0,0000
-0,1920
1,8134
0,00 m
4/6
U-Ditch 400x400.xls/Load
Case 3: Box Culvert Inside is Full, Underground Water up to invert, Track load Case. L1
1) vertical load against top slab
Acting Load
Wtop= (t2*BT+Hf^2)*c/B0
Pvd=D*d
Pvt1
Pvt2
5) ground reaction
Acting Load
Wbot=(t3*BT+Hf^2)*c/B0
Wtop
Ws=Wsw*2/B0
Pvd
Pvt1
Pvt2
Wiw=(hiw*B-2Hf^2)*w/B0
Up=0
soil pressure
top slab
side wall (left)
side wall (right)
invert
Pvd
Pvt1
Pvt2
side wall (left)
side wall (right)
internal water
uplift
total
Wtop=
Pvd=
Pvt1=
Pvt2=
Pv1=
(tf/m2)
0,7300
0,7380
8,3030
0,0000
9,7710
P1=
P2=
P3=
P4=
Ph1=
(tf/m2)
4,1515
0,0000
0,4590
0,0000
4,6105
P1=
P2=
P3=
P4=
Ph2=
(tf/m2)
4,1515
0,0000
0,9990
-0,4000
4,7505
Wsw=
(tf/m)
0,1920
Wbot=
Wtop=
Ws=
Pvd=
Pvt1=
Pvt2=
Wiw=
U=
Q=
(tf/m2)
0,7300
0,7300
0,6400
0,7380
8,3030
0,0000
0,1917
0,0000
11,3327
V
(tf/m)
0,4380
0,1920
0,1920
0,4380
0,4428
4,9818
0,0000
0,1150
0,0000
6,7996
H
(tf/m)
2,8083
-2,8083
-
x
(m)
0,3000
0,0000
0,6000
0,3000
0,3000
0,3000
0,3000
0,3000
0,3000
y
(m)
0,2985
0,2985
-
M
(tf.m/m)
0,1314
0,0000
0,1152
0,1314
0,1328
1,4945
0,0000
0,8383
-0,8383
0,0345
0,0000
2,0399
0,400 m
5/6
U-Ditch 400x400.xls/Load
Case 4: Box Culvert Inside is Full, Underground Water up to invert, Track load Case. L2
1) vertical load against top slab
Acting Load
Wtop= (t2*BT+Hf^2)*c/B0
Pvd=D*d
Pvt1
Pvt2
5) ground reaction
Acting Load
Wbot=(t3*BT+Hf^2)*c/B0
Wtop
Ws=Wsw*2/B0
Pvd
Pvt1
Pvt2
Wiw=(hiw*B-2Hf^2)*w/B0
Up=0
soil pressure
top slab
side wall (left)
side wall (right)
invert
Pvd
Pvt1
Pvt2
side wall (left)
side wall (right)
internal water
uplift
total
Wtop=
Pvd=
Pvt1=
Pvt2=
Pv1=
(tf/m2)
0,7300
0,7380
8,3030
0,0000
9,7710
P1=
P2=
P3=
P4=
Ph1=
(tf/m2)
4,1515
0,0000
0,4590
0,0000
4,6105
P1=
P2=
P3=
P4=
Ph2=
(tf/m2)
4,1515
0,0000
0,9990
-0,4000
4,7505
Wsw=
(tf/m)
0,1920
Wbot=
Wtop=
Ws=
Pvd=
Pvt1=
Pvt2=
Wiw=
U=
Q=
(tf/m2)
0,7300
0,7300
0,6400
0,7380
8,3030
0,0000
0,1917
0,0000
11,3327
V
(tf/m)
0,4380
0,1920
0,1920
0,4380
0,4428
4,9818
0,0000
0,1150
0,0000
6,7996
H
(tf/m)
2,8083
-2,8083
-
x
(m)
0,3000
0,0000
0,6000
0,3000
0,3000
0,3000
0,3000
0,3000
0,3000
y
0,2985
0,2985
-
Ph2
(tf/m2)
5,9205
5,9205
4,7505
4,7505
Pq
(tf/m2)
10,4110
10,4110
10,4110
10,4110
Wsw
(tf/m)
0,1920
0,1920
0,1920
0,1920
q1
(tf/m2)
10,0743
10,0743
11,3327
11,3327
(m)
M
(tf.m/m)
0,1314
0,0000
0,1152
0,1314
0,1328
1,4945
0,0000
0,8383
-0,8383
0,0345
0,0000
2,0399
0,400 m
Pv1
(tf/m2)
9,7710
9,7710
9,7710
9,7710
Ph1
(tf/m2)
4,7205
4,7205
4,6105
4,6105
6/6
U-Ditch 400x400.xls/Load
4,720
5,920
9,771
0,000
10,411
0,600
0,000
0,600
0,600
0,200
0,200
0,200
tf/m
2
tf/m
tf/m2
tf/m2
tf/m2
m
B
m
m
H0 (t1)
m
m
A
m
m
(t2)
C
(t1)
(t3)
B0
CAB = CDC = (2Ph1+3Ph2)H02/60
0,15601 tfm
0,29313 tfm
0,31233 tfm
0,16321 tfm
1,0
1,0000
k3 = H0t33/(B0t13) =
1,0000
2(k1+k3)
k1
k3
-3k1
k1
2(k1+k2)
k2
-3k1
CBC - CBA
k2
2(k1+k2)
k1
-3k1
= CCD - CCB
k3
k1
2(k1+k3)
-3k1
CDA - CDC
k1
k1
k1
k1
-4k1
CAB - CAD
A = -D
2k1+k3
k1
k1
2k1+k2
3,0000
1,0
1,0
3,0000
A
B
R =0
=
CAB - CAD
CBC - CBA
-0,14911493
0,13711493
= -0,07306
= 0,07006
C
D
1 / 16
=
=
-0,07006
0,07306
U-Ditch 400x400.xls/MSN
MBA = k1(2B+A)+CBA
0,2231 tfm
-0,2231 tfm
MCB = k2(2C+B)+CCB
0,2231 tfm
-0,2231 tfm
0,2393 tfm
-0,2393 tfm
MAD = k3(2A+D)+CAD
0,2393 tfm
-0,2393 tfm
MBA
w2
5,920 tf/m2
4,720 tf/m2
-0,2393 tfm
w1
w2
MAB
Load at end A
Load at end B
Bending moment at end A
MBA
L
ch
t
d
0,2231
0,600
0,060
0,200
0,140
tfm
m
m
m
m
L
x
A
w1
MAB
c) Bending Moment
MA = MAB
MB = -MBA
0,280
0,104
0,320
-0,109
m
tf
m
tf
-0,239 tfm
-0,223 tfm
The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SAB - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
=
1,6831
-5,9205 x
+
1,0000 x2 ,
x =
Bending moment at x = 0,2994
5,621
0,299
m is;
2 / 16
0,008 tfm
U-Ditch 400x400.xls/MSN
Uniform load
9,771 tf/m2
Uniform load
0,000 tf/m2
Distance from end B to near end of w2 0,000 m
Length of uniform load w2
0,600 m
Bending moment at end B
-0,2231 tfm
Bending moment at end C
0,2231 tfm
Length of member (=Bo)
0,600 m
Protective covering height
0,060 m
Thickness of member (height)
0,200 m
Effective height of member
0,140 m
w2
w1
C
B
MBC
SBC = (w1L+w2b)/2-(MBC+MCB)/L
2,931 tf
-2,931 tf
MCB
L
=
=
in case of
0,280
0,195
0,320
-0,195
0,600 m
m
tf
m
tf
-0,223 tfm
-0,223 tfm
The maximum bending moment occurs at the center of member due to symmetry loading distribution.
Bending moment at x = 0,300 m is;
=
0,217 tfm
Mmax = SBCx - w1x2/2 - w2(x-a)2/2 + MBC
Load at end C
Load at end D
Bending moment at end C
Bending moment at end D
Length of member (=H0)
Protective covering height
Thickness of member (height)
Effective height of member
4,720
5,920
-0,2231
0,2393
0,600
0,060
0,200
0,140
tf/m
tf/m2
tfm
tfm
m
m
m
m
MCD
C
L
w1
x
D
w2
MDC
3 / 16
U-Ditch 400x400.xls/MSN
0,280
0,109
0,320
-0,104
m
tf
m
tf
-0,223 tfm
-0,239 tfm
The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SCD - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
=
1,5091
-4,7205 x
-1,0000 x2 ,
x =
-5,021
0,301
= 0,00825 tfm
Reaction at end D
Reaction at end A
Bending moment at end B
MAD
L
ch
t
d
10,411 tf/m2
10,411 tf/m2
-0,23927 tfm
0,23927
0,600
0,060
0,200
0,140
tfm
m
m
m
m
L
MAD
MDA
w2
w1
0,300
4 / 16
0,229 tfm
U-Ditch 400x400.xls/MSN
Case 2: Box Culvert Inside is Empty, Underground Water up to Top slab, Track load Case. L2
1) Calculation of Load Term
Ph1
Horizontal Pressure at top of side wall
Ph2
Horizontal Pressure at bottom of side wall
Pv1
Vertical Pressure(1) on top slab
Pv2
Vertical Pressure(2) on top slab
Pq
Reaction to bottom slab
a
Distance from joint B to far end of Pv2
b
Distance from joint B to near end of Pv2
H0
Height of plane frame
B0
Width of plane frame
t1
Thickness of side wall
t2
Thickness of top slab
t3
Thickness of invert (bottom slab)
4,720
5,920
9,771
0,000
10,411
0,600
0,000
0,600
0,600
0,200
0,200
0,200
tf/m2
tf/m2
2
tf/m
2
tf/m
2
tf/m
m
B
m
m
H0 (t1)
m
m
A
m
m
(t2)
C
(t1)
(t3)
B0
CAB = CDC = (2Ph1+3Ph2)H02/60
0,15601 tfm
0,29313 tfm
0,31233 tfm
0,16321 tfm
1,0
1,00000
k3 = H0t33/(B0t13) =
1,00000
2(k1+k3)
k1
k3
-3k1
k1
2(k1+k2)
k2
-3k1
CBC - CBA
k2
2(k1+k2)
k1
-3k1
k3
k1
0
k1
k1
k1
2(k1+k3)
k1
-3k1
-4k1
D
R
= CCD - CCB
CDA - CDC
0
CAB - CAD
R =0
B = -C
2k1+k3
k1
k1
2k1+k2
3,0000
1,0
1,0
3,0000
A
B
CAB - CAD
CBC - CBA
-0,14911493
0,13711493
= -0,07306
-0,07006
0,07306
0,07006
5 / 16
U-Ditch 400x400.xls/MSN
MBA = k1(2B+A)+CBA
0,2231 tfm
-0,2231 tfm
MCB = k2(2C+B)+CCB
0,2231 tfm
-0,2231 tfm
0,2393 tfm
-0,2393 tfm
MAD = k3(2A+D)+CAD
0,2393 tfm
-0,2393 tfm
MBA
w2
w1
w2
MAB
Load at end A
Load at end B
Bending moment at end A
5,920 tf/m
4,720 tf/m2
-0,2393 tfm
MBA
L
ch
t
d
0,2231
0,600
0,060
0,200
0,140
tfm
m
m
m
m
L
x
A
w1
MAB
c) Bending Moment
MA = MAB
MB = -MBA
0,280
0,104
0,32
-0,109
m
tf
m
tf
-0,239 tfm
-0,223 tfm
The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SAB - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
=
1,6831
-5,9205 x
+
1,0000 x2 ,
x =
Bending moment at x = 0,2994
5,621
0,299
m is;
6 / 16
0,008 tfm
U-Ditch 400x400.xls/MSN
Uniform load
9,771
Uniform load
0,000
Distance from end B to near end of w2 0,000
Length of uniform load w2
0,600
Bending moment at end B
-0,2231
tf/m2
2
tf/m
m
m
tfm
MCB
L
ch
t
d
tfm
m
m
m
m
0,2231
0,600
0,060
0,200
0,140
SBC = (w1L+w2b)/2-(MBC+MCB)/L
2,931 tf
-2,931 tf
w2
w1
C
B
MBC
MCB
L
in case of
0,280
0,195
0,320
-0,195
0,600 m
m
tf
m
tf
-0,223 tfm
-0,223 tfm
The maximum bending moment occurs at the center of member due to symmetry loading distribution.
Bending moment at x = 0,300 m is;
=
0,217 tfm
Mmax = SBCx - w1x2/2 - w2(x-a)2/2 + MBC
Load at end C
Load at end D
Bending moment at end C
MDC
L
ch
t
d
4,720 tf/m2
5,920 tf/m2
-0,2231 tfm
0,2393
0,600
0,060
0,200
0,140
tfm
m
m
m
m
MCD
C
L
w1
x
D
w2
MDC
7 / 16
U-Ditch 400x400.xls/MSN
-0,223 tfm
-0,239 tfm
The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SCD - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
=
1,5091
-4,7205 x
-1,0000 x2 ,
x =
-5,0211
0,3006
0,0083 tfm
Reaction at end D
Reaction at end A
Bending moment at end B
MAD
L
ch
t
d
10,411 tf/m2
10,411 tf/m2
-0,2393 tfm
0,2393
0,600
0,060
0,200
0,140
tfm
m
m
m
m
L
MAD
MDA
w2
w1
=
-0,239 tfm
MA = -MAD
=
-0,239 tfm
The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SDA - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
=
3,1233
-10,4110 x
,
x =
0,3000
8 / 16
0,229 tfm
U-Ditch 400x400.xls/MSN
Case 3: Box Culvert Inside is Full, Underground Water up to invert, Track load Case. L1
1) Calculation of Load Term
Ph1
Horizontal Pressure at top of side wall
Ph2
Horizontal Pressure at bottom of side wall
Pv1
Vertical Pressure(1) on top slab
Pv2
Vertical Pressure(2) on top slab
Pq
Reaction to bottom slab
a
Distance from joint B to far end of Pv2
b
Distance from joint B to near end of Pv2
H0
Height of plane frame
B0
Width of plane frame
t1
Thickness of side wall
t2
Thickness of top slab
t3
Thickness of invert (bottom slab)
4,610
4,750
9,771
0,000
10,411
0,600
0,000
0,600
0,600
0,200
0,200
0,200
tf/m2
tf/m2
2
tf/m
2
tf/m
2
tf/m
m
B
m
m
H0 (t1)
m
m
A
m
m
(t2)
C
(t1)
(t3)
B0
CAB = CDC = (2Ph1+3Ph2)H02/60
0,13999 tfm
0,29313 tfm
0,31233 tfm
0,14083 tfm
1,0
1,00000
k3 = H0t33/(B0t13) =
1,00000
2(k1+k3)
k1
k3
-3k1
k1
2(k1+k2)
k2
-3k1
CBC - CBA
k2
2(k1+k2)
k1
-3k1
k3
k1
0
k1
k1
k1
2(k1+k3)
k1
-3k1
-4k1
D
R
= CCD - CCB
CDA - CDC
0
CAB - CAD
B = -C
2k1+k3
k1
k1
2k1+k2
3,0000
1,0
1,0
3,0000
A
B
R =0
=
CAB - CAD
CBC - CBA
-0,17149493
0,15313493
= -0,08345
= 0,07886
C
D
9 / 16
=
=
-0,07886
0,08345
U-Ditch 400x400.xls/MSN
= -0,22888 tfm
MBA = k1(2B+A)+CBA
= 0,21427 tfm
= -0,21427 tfm
MCB = k2(2C+B)+CCB
= 0,21427 tfm
= -0,21427 tfm
= 0,22888 tfm
= -0,22888 tfm
MAD = k3(2A+D)+CAD
= 0,22888 tfm
MBA
w2
w1
w2
MAB
Load at end A
Load at end B
Bending moment at end A
4,750 tf/m
4,610 tf/m2
-0,2289 tfm
MBA
L
ch
t
d
0,2143
0,600
0,060
0,200
0,140
tfm
m
m
m
m
L
x
A
w1
MAB
c) Bending Moment
MA = MAB
MB = -MBA
0,280
0,115
0,320
-0,073
m
tf
m
tf
-0,229 tfm
-0,214 tfm
The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SAB - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
=
1,4355
-4,7505 x
+
0,1167 x2 ,
x =
Bending moment at x = 0,3045
40,414
0,304
m is;
10 / 16
-0,011 tfm
U-Ditch 400x400.xls/MSN
Uniform load
Uniform load
Distance from end B to near end of w2
Length of uniform load w2
Bending moment at end B
MCB
L
ch
t
d
9,771
0,000
0,000
0,600
-0,214
tf/m2
2
tf/m
m
m
tfm
0,214
0,600
0,060
0,200
0,140
tfm
m
m
m
m
SBC = (w1L+w2b)/2-(MBC+MCB)/L
2,931 tf
-2,931 tf
w2
w1
C
B
MBC
MCB
L
in case of
0,280
0,195
0,320
-0,195
0,600 m
m
tf
m
tf
-0,214 tfm
-0,214 tfm
The maximum bending moment occurs at the center of member due to symmetry loading distribution.
Bending moment at x = 0,300 m is;
=
0,225 tfm
Mmax = SBCx - w1x2/2 - w2(x-a)2/2 + MBC
Load at end C
Load at end D
Bending moment at end C
MDC
L
ch
t
d
4,610 tf/m2
4,750 tf/m2
-0,214 tfm
0,229
0,600
0,060
0,200
0,140
tfm
m
m
m
m
MCD
C
L
w1
x
D
w2
MDC
11 / 16
U-Ditch 400x400.xls/MSN
-0,214 tfm
-0,229 tfm
The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SCD - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
=
1,3728
-4,6105 x
-0,1167 x2 ,
x =
-39,81
0,296
-0,011 tfm
Reaction at end D
Reaction at end A
Bending moment at end B
MAD
L
ch
t
d
10,411 tf/m2
10,411 tf/m2
-0,229 tfm
0,229
0,600
0,060
0,200
0,140
tfm
m
m
m
m
L
MAD
MDA
w2
w1
=
-0,229 tfm
MA = -MAD
=
-0,229 tfm
The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SDA - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
=
3,1233
-10,4110 x
,
x =
0,300
12 / 16
0,240 tfm
U-Ditch 400x400.xls/MSN
Case 4: Box Culvert Inside is Full, Underground Water up to invert, Track load Case. L2
1) Calculation of Load Term
Ph1
Horizontal Pressure at top of side wall
Ph2
Pv1
Pv2
Pq
a
b
H0
B0
t1
t2
t3
4,610 tf/m2
4,750 tf/m2
9,771 tf/m2
0,000 tf/m2
10,411 tf/m2
0,600 m
B
0,000 m
0,600 m
H0 (t1)
0,600 m
0,200 m
A
0,200 m
0,200 m
(t2)
C
(t1)
(t3)
B0
CAB = CDC = (2Ph1+3Ph2)H02/60
0,13999 tfm
0,29313 tfm
0,31233 tfm
0,14083 tfm
1,0
1,00000
1,00000
2(k1+k3)
k1
k3
-3k1
k1
2(k1+k2)
k2
-3k1
CBC - CBA
k2
2(k1+k2)
k1
-3k1
= CCD - CCB
k3
k1
0
k1
k1
k1
2(k1+k3)
k1
-3k1
-4k1
D
R
CDA - CDC
0
CAB - CAD
R =0
B = -C
2k1+k3
k1
k1
2k1+k2
A
B
CAB - CAD
CBC - CBA
3,0000
1,0
A
B
-0,17149493
0,15313493
1,0
3,0000
= -0,08345
= 0,07886
C
D
13 / 16
=
=
-0,07886
0,08345
U-Ditch 400x400.xls/MSN
= -0,22888 tfm
MBA = k1(2B+A)+CBA
= 0,21427 tfm
= -0,21427 tfm
MCB = k2(2C+B)+CCB
= 0,21427 tfm
= -0,21427 tfm
= 0,22888 tfm
= -0,22888 tfm
MAD = k3(2A+D)+CAD
= 0,22888 tfm
MBA
w2
w1
w2
MAB
Load at end A
Load at end B
Bending moment at end A
4,750 tf/m
4,610 tf/m2
-0,229 tfm
MBA
L
ch
t
d
0,214
0,600
0,060
0,200
0,140
tfm
m
m
m
m
L
x
A
w1
MAB
c) Bending Moment
MA = MAB
MB = -MBA
0,280
0,115
0,32
-0,073
m
tf
m
tf
-0,229 tfm
-0,214 tfm
The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SAB - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
=
1,4355
-4,7505 x
+
0,1167 x2 ,
x =
Bending moment at x = 0,3045
40,414
0,304
m is;
2
3
Mmax = SABx - w1x /2 - (w2-w1)x /(6L) + MAB
14 / 16
-0,011 tfm
U-Ditch 400x400.xls/MSN
Uniform load
Uniform load
Distance from end B to near end of w2
Length of uniform load w2
Bending moment at end B
MCB
L
ch
t
d
9,771
0,000
0,000
0,600
-0,214
tf/m2
2
tf/m
m
m
tfm
0,214
0,600
0,060
0,200
0,140
tfm
m
m
m
m
SBC = (w1L+w2b)/2-(MBC+MCB)/L
2,931 tf
-2,931 tf
w2
w1
C
B
MBC
MCB
L
in case of
0,280
0,195
0,320
-0,195
0,600 m
m
tf
m
tf
-0,214 tfm
-0,214 tfm
The maximum bending moment occurs at the center of member due to symmetry loading distribution.
Bending moment at x = 0,300 m is;
=
0,225 tfm
Mmax = SBCx - w1x2/2 - w2(x-a)2/2 + MBC
Load at end C
Load at end D
Bending moment at end C
MDC
L
ch
t
d
4,610 tf/m2
4,750 tf/m2
-0,214 tfm
0,229
0,600
0,060
0,200
0,140
tfm
m
m
m
m
MCD
C
L
w1
x
D
w2
MDC
15 / 16
U-Ditch 400x400.xls/MSN
-0,214 tfm
-0,229 tfm
The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SCD - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
=
1,3728
-4,6105 x
-0,1167 x2 ,
x =
-39,8
0,296
-0,011 tfm
Reaction at end D
Reaction at end A
Bending moment at end B
MAD
L
ch
t
d
10,411 tf/m2
10,411 tf/m2
-0,229 tfm
0,229
0,600
0,060
0,200
0,140
tfm
m
m
m
m
L
MAD
MDA
w2
w1
=
-0,229 tfm
MA = -MAD
=
-0,229 tfm
The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SDA - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
=
3,1233
-10,4110 x
,
x =
0,300
16 / 16
0,240 tfm
U-Ditch 400x400.xls/MSN
Member
Side wall
(left)
Case
Case.1
Case.2
Case.3
Case.4
Top slab
Case.1
Case.2
Case.3
Case.4
Side wall
(right)
Case.1
Case.2
Case.3
Case.4
Invert
Case.1
Case.2
Case.3
Case.4
Check
Point
A
Middle
B
A
Middle
B
A
Middle
B
A
Middle
B
B
Middle
C
B
Middle
C
B
Middle
C
B
Middle
C
C
Middle
D
C
Middle
D
C
Middle
D
C
Middle
D
D
Middle
A
D
Middle
A
D
Middle
A
D
Middle
A
M
(tfm)
-0,239
0,008
-0,223
-0,239
0,008
-0,223
-0,229
-0,011
-0,214
-0,229
-0,011
-0,214
-0,223
0,217
-0,223
-0,223
0,217
-0,223
-0,214
0,225
-0,214
-0,214
0,225
-0,214
-0,223
0,008
-0,239
-0,223
0,008
-0,239
-0,214
-0,011
-0,229
-0,214
-0,011
-0,229
-0,239
0,229
-0,239
-0,239
0,229
-0,239
-0,229
0,240
-0,229
-0,229
0,240
-0,229
1/1
N
(tf)
3,123
3,027
2,931
3,123
3,027
2,931
3,123
3,026
2,931
3,123
3,026
2,931
1,509
1,509
1,509
1,509
1,509
1,509
1,373
1,373
1,373
1,373
1,373
1,373
2,931
3,027
3,123
2,931
3,027
3,123
2,931
3,026
3,123
2,931
3,026
3,123
1,683
1,683
1,683
1,683
1,683
1,683
1,435
1,435
1,435
1,435
1,435
1,435
S
at joint
1,683
0,000
-1,509
1,683
0,000
-1,509
1,435
0,000
-1,373
1,435
0,000
-1,373
2,931
0,000
-2,931
2,931
0,000
-2,931
2,931
0,000
-2,931
2,931
0,000
-2,931
1,509
0,000
-1,683
1,509
0,000
-1,683
1,373
0,000
-1,435
1,373
0,000
-1,435
3,123
0,000
-3,123
3,123
0,000
-3,123
3,123
0,000
-3,123
3,123
0,000
-3,123
(tf)
at 2d
0,104
-0,109
0,104
-0,109
0,115
-0,073
0,115
-0,073
0,195
-0,195
0,195
-0,195
0,195
-0,195
0,195
-0,195
0,109
-0,104
0,109
-0,104
0,073
-0,115
0,073
-0,115
0,208
-0,208
0,208
-0,208
0,208
-0,208
0,208
-0,208
70 kgf/m2
2100 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4,00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
7,66 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 20,727 kgf/cm2
(
0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = c^3
+125,68 c^2
-975,55 c
-42680,20
s = nc/(nc+sa) =
0,1915
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa =
0,0000 cm2
Case.2
M=
N=
S0=
S2d=
0,2393
3,1233
1,6831
0,1038
ca =
sa =
n=
tfm
tf
tf
tf
70 kgf/m2
2100 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4,00
100
d
d
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
7,66 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 20,727 kgf/cm2
(
0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = c^3
+125,68 c^2
-975,55 c
-42680,20
s = nc/(nc+sa) =
0,1915
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa =
0,0000 cm2
Case.3
M=
N=
S0=
S2d=
0,2289
3,1233
1,4355
0,1145
ca =
sa =
n=
tfm
tf
tf
tf
70 kgf/m2
2100 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4,00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
7,33 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 20,389 kgf/cm2
(
0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = c^3
+125,83 c^2
-947,7 c
-41462,03
s = nc/(nc+sa) =
0,1890
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa =
0,0000 cm2
Case.4
M=
N=
S0=
S2d=
0,2289
3,1233
1,4355
0,1145
ca =
sa =
n=
tfm
tf
tf
tf
70 kgf/m2
2100 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4,00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
7,33 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 20,389 kgf/cm2
(
0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = c^3
+125,83 c^2
-947,7 c
-41462,03
s = nc/(nc+sa) =
0,1890
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa =
0,0000 cm2
The maximum requirement of reinforcement bar is
Case.
Requirement
1
0,0000
2
0,0000
ca =
sa =
n=
4
0,0000 (cm2)
70 kgf/m2
2100 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4,00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
7,61 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 19,943 kgf/cm2
(
0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = c^3
+126,04 c^2
-911,58 c
-39881,76
s = nc/(nc+sa) =
0,1856
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa =
0,0000 cm2
Case.2
M=
N=
S0=
S2d=
0,2231
2,9313
1,5091
0,1090
tfm
tf
tf
tf
ca =
sa =
n=
70 kgf/m2
2100 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4,00
100
d
d
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
7,61 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 19,943 kgf/cm2
(
0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = c^3
+126,04 c^2
-911,58 c
-39881,76
s = nc/(nc+sa) =
0,1856
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa =
0,0000 cm2
1/5
Case.3
M=
N=
S0=
S2d=
0,2143
2,9313
1,3728
0,0727
ca =
sa =
n=
tfm
tf
tf
tf
70 kgf/m2
2100 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4,00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
7,31 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 19,648 kgf/cm2
(
0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = c^3
+126,18 c^2
-888 c
-38849,92
s = nc/(nc+sa) =
0,1834
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa =
0,0000 cm2
Case.4
M=
N=
S0=
S2d=
0,2143
2,9313
1,3728
0,0727
ca =
sa =
n=
tfm
tf
tf
tf
70 kgf/m2
2100 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4,00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
7,31 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 19,648 kgf/cm2
(
0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = c^3
+126,18 c^2
-888 c
-38849,92
s = nc/(nc+sa) =
0,1834
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa =
0,0000 cm2
The maximum requirement of reinforcement bar is
Case.
Requirement
3) At Joint "B"of top slab
Case.1
M=
0,2231
N=
1,5091
S0=
2,9313
S2d=
0,1954
1
0,0000
2
0,0000
ca =
sa =
n=
tfm
tf
tf
tf
4
0,0000 (cm2)
70 kgf/m2
2100 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4,00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
14,78 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 17,985 kgf/cm2
(
0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = c^3
+126,91 c^2
-759,21 c
-33215,43
s = nc/(nc+sa) =
0,1705
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa =
0,3035 cm2
Case.2
M=
N=
S0=
S2d=
0,2231
1,5091
2,9313
0,1954
ca =
sa =
n=
tfm
tf
tf
tf
70 kgf/m2
2100 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4,00
100
d
d
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
14,78 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 17,985 kgf/cm2
(
0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = c^3
+126,91 c^2
-759,21 c
-33215,43
s = nc/(nc+sa) =
0,1705
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa =
0,3035 cm2
Case.3
M=
N=
S0=
S2d=
0,2143
1,3728
2,9313
0,1954
ca =
sa =
n=
tfm
tf
tf
tf
70 kgf/m2
2100 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4,00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
15,61 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 17,472 kgf/cm2
(
0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = c^3
+127,13 c^2
-721,02 c
-31544,46
s = nc/(nc+sa) =
0,1664
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa =
0,3156 cm2
Case.4
M=
N=
S0=
S2d=
0,2143
1,3728
2,9313
0,1954
ca =
sa =
n=
tfm
tf
tf
tf
70 kgf/m2
2100 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4,00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
15,61 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 17,472 kgf/cm2
( 5,1E-07 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = c^3
+127,13 c^2
-721,02 c
-31544,46
s = nc/(nc+sa) =
0,1664
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa =
0,3156 cm2
The maximum requirement of reinforcement bar is
Case.
Requirement
1
0,3035
2
0,3035
4
0,3156 (cm2)
2/5
ca =
sa =
n=
tfm
tf
tf
tf
70 kgf/m2
2100 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4,00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
14,22 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 18,799 kgf/cm2
( 4,7E-08 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = c^3
+126,56 c^2
-821,25 c
-35929,50
s = nc/(nc+sa) =
0,1768
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa =
0,3067 cm2
Case.2
M=
N=
S0=
S2d=
0,2393
1,6831
3,1233
0,2082
ca =
sa =
n=
tfm
tf
tf
tf
70 kgf/m2
2100 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4,00
100
d
d
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
14,22 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 18,799 kgf/cm2
(
0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = c^3
+126,56 c^2
-821,25 c
-35929,50
s = nc/(nc+sa) =
0,1768
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa =
0,3067 cm2
Case.3
M=
N=
S0=
S2d=
0,2289
1,4355
3,1233
0,2082
ca =
sa =
n=
tfm
tf
tf
tf
70 kgf/m2
2100 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4,00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
15,94 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 18,087 kgf/cm2
(
0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = c^3
+126,87 c^2
-766,87 c
-33550,47
s = nc/(nc+sa) =
0,1713
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa =
0,3492 cm2
Case.4
M=
N=
S0=
S2d=
0,2289
1,4355
3,1233
0,2082
ca =
sa =
n=
tfm
tf
tf
tf
70 kgf/m2
2100 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4,00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
15,94 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 18,087 kgf/cm2
( 1,7E-07 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = c^3
+126,87 c^2
-766,87 c
-33550,47
s = nc/(nc+sa) =
0,1713
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa =
0,3492 cm2
The maximum requirement of reinforcement bar is
Case.
Requirement
1
0,3067
2
0,3067
ca =
sa =
n=
4
0,3492 (cm2)
70 kgf/m2
2100 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4,00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
0,27 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c =11,6723 kgf/cm2
(
0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
h
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = c^3
+129,27 c^2
-346,47 c
-15158,20
s = nc/(nc+sa) =
0,1177
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa =
0,0000 cm2
Tensile is on inside of member
Case.2
M=
N=
0,0083 tfm
3,0275 tf
ca =
sa =
n=
70 kgf/m2
2100 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4,00
100
d
d
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
0,27 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 11,672 kgf/cm2
(
0,0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = c^3
+129,27 c^2
-346,47 c
-15158,20
s = nc/(nc+sa) =
0,1177
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa =
0,0000 cm2
Tensile is on inside of member
3/5
Case.3
M=
N=
0,0109 tfm
3,0259 tf
ca =
sa =
n=
70 kgf/m2
2100 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4,00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
0,36 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 11,798 kgf/cm2
(
0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = c^3
+129,23 c^2
-353,41 c
-15461,54
s = nc/(nc+sa) =
0,1188
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa =
0,0000 cm2
Tensile is on outside of member
Case.4
M=
N=
0,0109 tfm
3,0259 tf
ca =
sa =
n=
70 kgf/m2
2100 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4,00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
0,36 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 11,798 kgf/cm2
(
0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = c^3
+129,23 c^2
-353,41 c
-15461,54
s = nc/(nc+sa) =
0,1188
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa =
0,0000 cm2
Tensile is on outside of member
The maximum requirement of reinforcement bar is
Case.
Requirement
Side
6) At Middle of top slab
Case.1
M=
0,2166 tfm
N=
1,5091 tf
1
0,0000
inside
2
0,0000
inside
ca =
sa =
n=
4
outside
(cm2)
70 kgf/m2
2100 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4,00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
14,35 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 17,754 kgf/cm2
(
0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
h
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = c^3
+127,01 c^2
-741,93 c
-32459,57
s = nc/(nc+sa) =
0,1687
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa =
0,2796 cm2
Tensile is on inside of member
Case.2
M=
N=
0,2166 tfm
1,5091 tf
ca =
sa =
n=
70 kgf/m2
2100 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4,00
100
d
d
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
14,35 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 17,754 kgf/cm2
(
0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = c^3
+127,01 c^2
-741,93 c
-32459,57
s = nc/(nc+sa) =
0,1687
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa =
0,2796 cm2
Tensile is on inside of member
Case.3
M=
N=
0,2254 tfm
1,3728 tf
ca =
sa =
n=
70 kgf/m2
2100 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4,00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
16,42 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 17,875 kgf/cm2
(
0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = c^3
+126,96 c^2
-750,91 c
-32852,27
s = nc/(nc+sa) =
0,1696
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa =
0,3570 cm2
Tensile is on inside of member
Case.4
M=
N=
0,2254 tfm
1,3728 tf
ca =
sa =
n=
70 kgf/m2
2100 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4,00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
16,42 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 17,875 kgf/cm2
( 2,5E-07 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = c^3
+126,96 c^2
-750,91 c
-32852,27
s = nc/(nc+sa) =
0,1696
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa =
0,3570 cm2
Tensile is on inside of member
The maximum requirement of reinforcement bar is
Case.
Requirement
Side
1
2
3
0,2796 0,2796 0,3570
inside
inside
inside
4
0,3570 (cm2)
inside
4/5
7) At Middle of invert
Case.1
M=
0,2292 tfm
N=
1,6831 tf
ca =
sa =
n=
70 kgf/m2
2100 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4,00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
13,62 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c =18,4488 kgf/cm2
(
0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
h
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = c^3
+126,71 c^2
-794,33 c
-34751,76
s = nc/(nc+sa) =
0,1741
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa =
0,2693 cm2
Tensile is on inside of member
Case.2
M=
N=
0,2292 tfm
1,6831 tf
ca =
sa =
n=
70 kgf/m2
2100 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4,00
100
d
d
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
13,62 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 18,449 kgf/cm2
(
0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = c^3
+126,71 c^2
-794,33 c
-34751,76
s = nc/(nc+sa) =
0,1741
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa =
0,2693 cm2
Tensile is on inside of member
Case.3
M=
N=
0,2396 tfm
1,4355 tf
ca =
sa =
n=
70 kgf/m2
2100 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4,00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
16,69 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 18,466 kgf/cm2
( 8,7E-08 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = c^3
+126,7 c^2
-795,64 c
-34809,07
s = nc/(nc+sa) =
0,1743
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa =
0,3891 cm2
Tensile is on inside of member
Case.4
M=
N=
0,2396 tfm
1,4355 tf
ca =
sa =
n=
70 kgf/m2
2100 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4,00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
16,69 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 18,466 kgf/cm2
(
0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = c^3
+126,7 c^2
-795,64 c
-34809,07
s = nc/(nc+sa) =
0,1743
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa =
0,3891 cm2
Tensile is on inside of member
The maximum requirement of reinforcement bar is
Case.
Requirement
Side
1
2
3
0,2693 0,2693 0,3891
inside
inside
inside
4
0,3891 (cm2)
inside
5/5
Bending moment
Shearing force (joint)
Shearing force (2d)
Axial force
Height of member
Covering depth
Effective height
Effective width
Effective area
Young's modulus ratio
Required R-bar
M
S
S2d
N
h
d'
d
b
bd
n
kgfcm
kgf
kgf
kgf
cm
cm
cm
cm
cm2
-
Asreq
cm2
R-bar arrangement
Reinforcement
Perimeter of R-bar
M/N
Dist. from neutral axis
bottom
outside
23.927
1.683
115
3.123
20
6
14
100
1400
24
0,00
12@150
As
U
e
c
a'
b'
2d kgf/cm2
2da kgf/cm2
Resisting Moment
Mr for compression
x for Mrc
s for Mrc
Mr for tensile
x for Mrs
c for Mrs
Mr
Mrc
kgfcm
kgfcm
cm
kgf/cm2
Mrs kgfcm
cm
kgf/cm2
cm2
0,35
0,39
12@150
12@150
12@150
12@150
12@150
7,54
25,13
16,421
4,00
19,3
221,7
-3104,1
7,40
0,000
ok
7,54
25,13
15,944
4,00
17,8
216,5
-3031,6
7,47
0,000
ok
7,54
25,13
16,692
4,00
20,1
224,7
-3145,4
7,37
0,000
ok
6,5
70,0
ok
48,6
2100,0
ok
1,20
11,00
ok
0,08
5,50
ok
2,0
70,0
ok
0,0
2100,0
ok
0,00
11,00
ok
-
6,1
70,0
ok
44,4
2100,0
ok
1,08
11,00
ok
0,08
5,50
ok
6,2
70,0
ok
128,6
2100,0
ok
2,09
11,00
ok
0,14
5,50
ok
6,6
70,0
ok
140,3
2100,0
ok
0,00
11,00
ok
-
6,7
70,0
ok
139,5
2100,0
ok
2,23
11,00
ok
0,15
5,50
ok
7,0
70,0
ok
150,9
2100,0
ok
0,00
11,00
ok
-
235.438
235.438
5,884
2317,2
379.690
7,789
109,7
199.883
199.883
4,897
3122,5
218.260
6,329
72,2
235.421
235.421
5,862
2332,3
375.059
7,749
108,5
235.378
235.378
5,685
2457,0
338.900
7,420
98,7
235.378
235.378
5,685
2457,0
338.900
7,420
98,7
235.377
235.377
5,692
2451,9
340.307
7,434
99,1
235.377
235.377
5,692
2451,9
340.307
7,434
99,1
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2
Shearing stress at 2d
Allowable stress
0,36
7,54
25,13
15,608
4,00
16,8
212,9
-2980,6
7,52
0,000
ok
(check)
s kgf/cm2
sa kgf/cm2
0,32
7,54
25,13
7,610
4,00
-7,2
126,1
-1764,8
10,74
0,000
ok
Tensile stress
Allowable stress
12@250
0,00
4,52
15,08
0,273
4,00
-29,2
27,8
-389,3
28,69
0,001
ok
c'
c kgf/cm2
ca kgf/cm2
0,00
Invert
end
middle
outside
inside
22.888
23.962
3.123
0
208
1.435
1.435
20
20
6
6
14
14
100
100
1400
1400
24
24
7,54
25,13
7,661
4,00
-7,0
126,6
-1772,5
10,69
0,000
ok
cm2
cm
cm
Compressive stress
Allowable stress
As min =
1/1
4,5 cm2
h1
h2
Ha
h3
b1
b1
b2
Bb
Section of Culvert
1. Design Data
b1 =
0,200
h1 =
0,200
Bb =
0,800
m
m
m
2. Data Pembesian
Bottom slab :
As1 (cm2)
:
As2 (cm2)
:
Tumpuan
O 12 @ 150
O 12 @ 150
Lapangan
O 12 @ 150
O 12 @ 150
Tulangan bagi :
O 12 @ 250
b2 =
h2 =
Ha =
0,400
0,400
0,800
m
m
m
h3 =
Fillet =
0,200 m
0,15 m
0,06 m
Side wall :
As1 (cm2)
As2 (cm2)
:
:
Tumpuan
O 12 @ 150
O 12 @ 250
Lapangan
O 12 @ 250
O 12 @ 150
Tulangan bagi :
O 12 @ 250
Top slab :
As1 (cm2)
As2 (cm2)
:
:
Tumpuan
O 12 @ 150
O 12 @ 150
Lapangan
O 12 @ 150
O 12 @ 150
Tulangan bagi :
O 12 @ 250
:
:
1/1
U-Ditch 400x400.xls/PlotRebar