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Cylinders
A cylinder is a surface that is generated by moving a straight line along a given
planar curve while holding the line parallel to a given fixed line.
- The curve is called a generating curve for the cylinder
Example
Find an equation for the cylinder made by the lines parallel to the z-axis that pass
through the parabola y = x2, z = 0
solution:
The point P(a, a2, 0) lies on the parabola y = x2 in the xyplane. Then, for any value of z,
the point Q(a, a2, z) lies on the cylinder because it lies on
the line x = a, y = a2 through P parallel to the z-axis.
Therefore, the points on the surface are the points whose
coordinates satisfy the equation y = x2
This makes y = x2 be an equation for the cylinder, so we call the cylinder y = x2.
QUADRIC SURFACES
A quadric surface is the graph in space of a second-degree equation in x, y, and z.
We fucus on the special equation (Ax2 +By2 + Cz2 + Dz = E)
where A, B, C, D, and E are constants.
- The basic quadric surfaces are ellipsoids, paraboloids, elliptical cones, and
hyperboloid.
- Spheres are special cases of ellipsoids
1- Ellipsoid:
The equation of the ellipsoid is:
Example :
Sketch the ellipsoid
solution:
choose y = 0 and z = 0
x = a, -a
choose x = 0 and z = 0
y = b, -b
choose x = 0 and y = 0
z = c, -c
therefore,
if z = 0 , then
if y = 0 , then
if x = 0 , then
so the graph is :
Example :
Sketch the elliptical paraboloid
solution
choose y = 0 and z = 0
x = a, -a
choose x = 0 and z = 0
y = b, -b
choose x = 0 and y = 0
z= c
therefore,
if x = 0 , then
if y = 0, then
choose z = c, then
graph is above:
Example :
x = a, -a
choose x = 0 and z = 0
y = b, -b
choose x = 0 and y = 0
z = c, -c
therefore,
if x = 0 , then
if y = 0, then
choose z = c, then
Example :
Sketch the ellipsoid the hyperbolic paraboloid
Solution:
choose y = 0 and z = 0
x = a, -a
choose x = 0 and z = 0
y = b, -b
choose x = 0 and y = 0
z = c, -c
therefore,
if x = 0 , then
if y = 0, then
choose z = 0, then
Example :
Sketch the Hyperboloid of two sheets
Solution:
if x = 0 , then
if y = 0, then
choose z = 0, then - (
Example :
Sketch the ellipsoid the hyperbolic paraboloid
solution:
choose y = 0 and z = 0
x = a, -a
choose x = 0 and z = 0
y = b, -b
choose x = 0 and y = 0
z= c
therefore,
if x = 0 , then
if y = 0, then
choose z = c, then