45 NOTES TO PG

Dr. Ankit Yadavendra, M.B.B.S., Dr.V.M.G.M.C., Solapur

18-FMT
FORENSIC MEDICINE
term-meaning
atria mortis/gateway of death/mode of death-coma, syncope, asphyxia
borrow servant doctrine-new employer responsible for borrowed employee
boxer/pugilistic attitude/defence/fencing posture-burn
cardiac polyp-PM brinous clot
commoriant-dying together
corpus delicti/essence of crime-body of offence
curator bonis-person to manage affairs of mentally ill
Diminished responsibility-borDerline mental disorder
dipsomania-impulse to drink alcohol
Ewing postulate-accident are cause of death
licide-parent killing own child
gossypiboma(textiloma or cottonoid)-foreign object(cotton matrix, sponge)
injury-illegal harm to property, body, reputation
lafacies sympathique-antemortem compression of cx sympath chain-i/l pupil
dilatation, eye open
Locard principle-person come in contact with other
loco parentis-emergence-consent taken fr person in charge of child
lucid intErval-state of consciousn b/n 2episode unconsciousn in Epidural hematoma,
insanity
Manchausen synd by proxy-child abuse by mother, bringing child rptedly to hosp
molotov cocktail-petrol bomb
mutilomania-impulse of maiming animal
novus actus interveniens-person responsible for logical conseq of his action-assault,
accident inj
paternalism-abuse of medical knowledge that pt is deprive of autonomy
pharmacoDynamic-Drug Does to body
pharmacokinetic-body does to drug
posthumous child-child born after death of father
privileged communication-Dr& concerned authority
pseudocyesis/spurious/phantom preg-false preg
Rachiotomy Saw-Remove Spinal cord
res ipsa loquitor-things speak for itself
res judicata/doctrine of jeopardy-let the decision rest
superfecundation-fertilization of 2ova same MC bt 2diff act of coitus
superfetation-fertilization of 2ova of diff MC

supravital period-time b/n somatic& molecule death

tort-civil negligence
vagitis uterinus-cry of unborn in uterus
vagitis vaginalis-cry of unborn in vag
vicarious liability/respondent superior/captain of ship doctrine-employer responsible
for negligence of his employees
death certicate
line1a-immediate cause of death-ren fail/CCF
line1b-underlying condition-DM nephropathy/MI
line1C(essenCe of Certif)-main antecedent/underlying cause-DM/HTN
part II(associated condition)
COPD
MCI-medical record of indoor pt maintain3y
compoundable-out of court settlement-theft
noncompoundable-murder
bailable-police
nonbailable-Magistrate/court
cognisable-arrest without warrant
noncognisable-cant arrest without warrant
dactylography, Henry Galton system identication-ngerprint study
Sir William Herschel(1858) discovered-ngerprinting
1st ngerprinting Bureau-writer building Calcutta(1897)
Quetlet rule of biologic variation-ngerprint different in identical twins
palatoprint(Harrison Allen, 1889)-wrinkle(plica palatine) ant hard palate
prim rugae=5-10mm
sec rugae=3-5mm
fragment rugae<3mm
podogram-footprint
cheiloscopy, queiloscopy-lipprint
poroscopy-pore(opening of subepidermal sweat gld over given lth of ridge on nger
pulp)
brain ngerprinting
Dr Lawrence Farwell, test memory
Memory&Encoding Related Multifaceted EEG Response(MERMER)
scar(cicatrix)
brous ts
no elastic ts, sweat gld, hair follicle

hypo/hyperpigmented
flat/raise
latent tattoo mark visualisation
UV light, infrared photography, rubbing part& examine under magnifying glass,
3%H2O2, 0.5%caustic potash, HPE local LN
blacken&tattoo skin, cloth-infrared photography
race
cephalic index=(max breadth/max lth)100(DMB)
Dolicocephalic=70-74.9(Caucasian, Negro, Arborigene)
Mesaticephalic=75-79.9(Indian, Chinese, European)
Brachycephalic80(Mongol)
scapecephaly-AP diam>transv diam
orbit, nasal opening, palate
square-Indian(Aryan), Negro, Arborigene
triangul-Chinese, European
round-Mongol
hair
fragment medullary-negro
sex
corporobasal index
chilotic line-hip bone
ischiopubic index-mal<fem
of accuracy fr long bone=80%
obturator foramen-mal-triang, fem-round
iliopectineal line-mal-rough,less vert, fem-smooth,round,more vert
Bertillon system identication/anthropometry
stature
crural index=(lth tibia/lth femur)100
brachial index=lth(rad/humer)100
humerofem index=lth(humer/fem)100
intermembral index=lth(rad+humer/tib+fem)100
ht=2arm lth+30cm(2clavicle)+4cm(sternum)
ht=5humerus lth
ht=2lth fr vertex pubic symphysis
ht=3.3lth fr sternal notch pubic symphysis
ht=8lth fr vertex top chin
ht=0.33lth vert column+3cm
lth of soft part added to skeletal ht=2.5cm

bone-% of ht
humerus=20
tibia=22
femur=27
spine=35
Hepburn osteometric board-lth long bone
dentition
Stack method-infant-wt/ht of tooth
Boyde incremental line method-child
Mile meth-transparency root
eruption of teeth
Gustafson method(>21y)(TRAPCD)
Transparency of root(best)
Resorption root(least)
Attrition
Paradentosis
Cementum apposition
sec Dentine(2nd best)
dental numbering
FDI 2digit syst
anat&diagrammatic charting
palmar notation
postmortem luminescence
Armillaria, Photobacterium scherii
suspended animation/apparent death-drowning, shock, electrocution, cholera,
anesth, cerebral concussion, insanity, sun stroke, narcotic poisoni, neonat,
yogi(voluntary)
event after death-time after death
rigor mortis set=1-2h
IOP nill=2h
hypostasis mottled=3h
taches noir=3-4h
maggot in rainy day=6h
full developm rigor mortis=12h
washerwoman hand, rt ilac discolorat=12-18h
drown body float=24h(summer), 2-3d(winter)
intern organ cool=24h
whole body discolourat, marbling, bloating body, app stom content&froth on
nose&mouth, degloving&destocking, app of putrefact blister, emptying of

heart=24-48h
maggot appear=48h
gas rigidity, hair become loose=72h
nail&teeth become loose=3-5d
colliquative liquefaction, Spalding sign=1w
adipocere formation=3w
skeletonisation dead body=1-3mth
saponication drowning=5w
nuclear feature persist=2-3y
bone begin to decompose=3-10y
precipitin test +ve opium poisoni=10y
benzidine test +ve=150y
starvation
hunger contraction stom(hunger pang)-12-24h
feeling of intense hunger last=36-48h
emaciat&loss of fat begin>4-5d
survive without food&H2O
neonat=7-10d
adult=10-12d
survive without food=6-8w(50-60d)
adipocere/saponication-hot,humid,absence air, gradual hydrolysis&hydrogenation
of body fat(Cl perfringens)
mummication-hot,dry, c/c As poisoni, antimony poisoni
Casper dictum-rate of decomposition
air:H2O:remove fr H2O:soil=1::2:
post mortem lividity/livor mortis/PM staining/cadaveric lividity/cadaveric
staining/hypostasis/vibices/suggilation/darkening of death
condition-colour
aniline-deep blue
BuRn, cold-BRight Red
CO-bright Cherry red
CN-pink(brick red)
hge, anem-pale purple
H2S-greeniSH blue
opium-black
P-dark brown
KCl, K2CO3, bromate, nitrobenzene, NO3-chocolate/coffee brown

rigor mortis/cadaveric rigidity/death sti ffening-Sommer movem+

algor mortis/chill of death
rate of fall of temp(C/h)=0.5(summer)- 1.5(winter)
instantaneous rigor/Cataleptic rigidity
Cadaveric spasm
marbling-Hb dissociates fr RBC bld vess, seen as prominent purple,green,brown
colour on shoulder,axilla,inguinal area, v become visible d/t bld decomposition
maggot
fly lay egg=6-12h
maggot=2-3d
adult fly=8-12d
putrefaction
order of putrefaction larynx,trach infant brain stom,intest,spleen
prostate,nongravid uterus skin,m,tendon bone
delay-As
green discolour-sulphmethHb
Duret hge
small hge in ventral&paramed part up brainstem
cause-a/c trauma, edema, abscess, tm
puncture wound-enter ts, not cavity
penetrating wound-enter cavity, not come out
perforating wound-enter cavity, come out
stab
single edge-sh tailing margin
harakiri-suicidal stab inj abd
chop/slash
deep gaping wound by blow with sharp cutting edge of heavy weapon
dimension-cross section of penetrating blade
abrasion
type
scratch/linear/point-single linear mark
graze/brush burn/gravel rash/scuff burn/friction
burn/sliding/scraping/grinding-multipl linear mark, furrow/groove

press/crushin-sustained press, teethbite

impact/imprint/pattern/contact-RTA
Antemortem-Antbite mark
colour change-start at periphery
pedestrian inj
prim impact
adult-leg(85%)>head(50-80%)>arm
child-head
sec impact
scooping up-impact bel centre of gravity
sec inj-d/t fall
rolling/runover/degloving-child>adult
contusion/bruise
ectopic-black eye(#floor of ant cranial fossa, forehead trauma), bruise behind
ear(basal#), bruise neck(#jaw), bruise thigh(#pelvis), bruise ankle(calf inj)
colour-age of contusion(RBBGY)
Redimmediately after the injury
Bluefew h to 3d
Bluish black or brown4th d
Greenish5-6d
Yellow7-12d
artif Bruise-Bhilawanol
laceration
tearing skin, subcut ts, ts bridging, irregular margin
split-blunt perpendicular impact
flaying/degloving inj-avulsion laceration
lacerated looking incised wound-scrotum, axilla
incised looking lacerated wound-scalp, elbow, tibia shin
punchdrunk/traumatic encephalopathy/demetia pugilistica
rpted punch tear of subdural emissary v subdural hge in middle cranial fossa
boxer hge-pontine hge
retin detachm, choroid tear, vitr hge
c/f-slurr speech, def memory, slow thought proc, stiff limb, ataxia, broad base gait,
outburst of violence, dementia
plaque jaune/yellow plaque/remote cerebral contusion
resorption of inj ts cavitat golden yellow discoloration(hemosiderin)

violent shaking by parent-subdural hematoma

whiplash inj-hyperflexion hyperextension(dangerous) inj
railway spine-concussion inj
asphyxia
cafe coronary(Dr Robert Haughen)-reflex cardiac arrest> asphyxia d/t choking
drowning
hydrocution/immersiin synd/duck diving-reflex CNX inh
atypic/dry drown-sustained laryngeal spasm
typical/prim/wet drown-fresh water(3-4min-hemolysis, hyperkalemia, arrhythm), salt
water(8-10min-crenation of RBC)
sec/near drown/post immersion synd-metab acidosis, dyselectrolemia
hanging
typical hanging-knot on post neck
judicial hanging-knot-lt angle of mandible(#C2-C3)
lynching-homicidal hanging by mob
strangulat
ligature
manual(throttling)-d/d-inj d/t ETT
bansdola-b/n 2stick
judicial(garrotting, Spanish windlash)
mugging(choke hold)-elbow
masque ecchymotique
diatom
oligohalophilic-freshwater(<0.05%salinity)
mesophilic-brackish water
polyhalophilic-sea water
electrocution/Joule/crocodile burn
contact-contact with live wire
spark-sparking of current
flash-being near main power line, with no actual contact
entry wound-nonblding, thick, leathery, greyish white, depressed, hard, cauliflower
like, crater formation, skin coloured d/t metallic pigm(green-brass, black-Fe, blue-Cu,
grey-Al)
exit wound-like laceration, blding
current pearl-melt metal carried into ts
bone pearl(wax dripping)-melt bone(CaP)
Filigree burn/arborescent marking/arborescent burn/arborising mark/Litchenberg

flower/lightening burn
discharge direct effect high V current b/n ve cloud&+ve article on earth
superheat air
expand&displace air
sledge hammer effect&blow death
invert tree pattern not correspond to bld vess
Balistic
bore
depRession-gRoove
eLevation-Land
dist b/n 2Groove-Gauge
dist b/n 2Land-caLibre(internal measure of rifled weapon)
projectile
shotgun-cartridge-detonator cap primer gunpowder wad pellet cardboard
disc
rifle[stability,2-20(6)]-bullet-detonator cap primer gunpowder bullet
Entry wound(SBTC)
Singeing(flame)-SG(15cm), rifle(8cm)
Blackening(smoke)(30cm)
Tattooing(unburnt particle of gunpowder)-(60-90cm)
Cherry red colour-CO
rifled-bullet, grease collar, abrasion collar
shotgun
contact-cruciate, cruciform, stellate(backspatter)
close(point blank<30cm)-oval
near(<1m)-rathole
>2m-satellite
>4m-individual pellet
gunpowder
black-KNO3(75%)+C(15%)+S(10%), 3000-4000ml/g,
fg/ffg/fffg(better)-f-ne,g-granule, cavitation=K(v)
smokeless-singlebase-nitrocellulose (NC), doublebase-NC+nitroglycerine(NG),
triplebase-NC+NG+nitroguanidine, 12000-13000ml/g
semismokeless-80%black powder+ 20%smokeless powder(nitrocellulose)
bullet-Pbantimony, KE=mv
Dumdum-max Damage, fragments on striking
souveiner/retain-Pb poisoni
richochet-deflected
tandem-piggyback
tracer-bullet leave visible mark
frangible-nontoxic metal
smooth bore-shotgun, musket, muzzle loader

rifled weapon-pistol, rifle, revolver

paradox gun-shotgun(muzzle end rifled)
Pb/metal ring-deposit of Pb in skin
peppering-grain of gunpowder driven into skin
scorching-flame emerging fr muzzle
smudging-superf deposit of smoke on skin
Kennedy phenom-Sx artefact prevent distinguish b/n entry&exit wound
explosion inj
prim-shock wave-ear(TM)>lung(least-liver)
sec-projectile, flying debris-skin
tert-impact against object, blast wind
quart-re, building collapse, dams
underwater blast-intest
torture
bell/campana-head placed in metal container, then struck rptdly
black slave-insert hot Fe rod into anus
buzzer/chicharra-rpted electric shock
carry on-group of guard beat prisoner
cattle prod-electric shock given using high V current
chepuwa-thighs tightly bound with bamboo
falanga/falolka/baatinada-sole rptdly beaten
helicopter trip-person hung upright or upside down fr large blade of ceiling fan&
struck rptdly as blade revolves
labandera-suspens by wrist
mercelago-suspens by ankle
necklacing-tire, lled with gasoline or similar flammable liquid placed around neck
and set are
picana-electric torture
plantom-prolonged standing
torment of stick/supplice de baguette-2stick placed through wire encircling head and
slowly turned, tightening wire
telephone/telefono-both ears clapped
dry submarino-tying plastic bag over head upto suffocation
wet submarino/latino/labaneva/pileta-forced immersion of head in water
sexual denition
aptavira-fem capable of taking part in coitus
defloration-loss of virginity
fecunda ab externa-preg fr semen on vulva/thigh(without penis penetration)
frigidity-inability to initiate& maintain sexual arousal pattern fem
impotence-inability to perform coitus

pseudovirgin-intact hymen+coitus
quode/impotence quadhoc-mal impotent with particul fem, not with other
virgin-intact hymen+no coitus
sexual offence
bestiality-coitus with lower animal
bondage-1partner-sadist, other-masochist
buccal coitus/coitus per os/sin of GomORrah-ORal sex
coprolagnia-sight,smell,taste faeces
coproLAlia/SCatologia-obSCene LAnguage
cunningulus-oral stimulat fem genital
exhibitionism-exhibit genital in public
fellatio-oral stimulat mal genital
fetichism-object of desire
frotteurism-rubbing clothed genit with other in public
gerontophilia-sodomy with passive agent adult
kLIsmaphilia-put LIquid anu colon
lesbianism/tribadism/fem homosexual love/sin of Lesbos-coitus b/n
fem(active-butch/dyke/bull dyke)& fem(passive-femme)
masochism/passive algolagnia-self pain, autoerotic/sexual asphyxia
masturbation/onanism/ipsation-stimulat own genital, perversion
narcism-watching own body
nymphomania-uncontrolled sex desire fem
paraphilia-sex with certain part of body
pederasty-sodomy with passive agent Child(Catamite)
pedophile-adult who coitus with child rptdly
platonic/statue love-loving of statue
pygmalionism-loving object made by him
pyromania-sight of re
SADism/algolagnia(to make SAD)-beat the partner
satyriasis/gynaecomania/satyrism/satyromani-uncontrollable sexual desire mal
sodomy/buggery-anal intercourse b/n 2mal or 1mal&fem
transvestism/eOnism(disord of sex preference)-crOss dressing
troilism-submit wife to other
undinism-watch other person urinate
uranism-sexual perversion
urolagnia-sight,smell,taste urine
voyeurism/peeping tom/scoptophilia-watching other people sex/undressed
rape
custodial-by person in authority
date-sedative drug(ketamine, robypnol, GHB)
statutory-girl<16y

hymen
rupture at 1st coitus-5,7,6'O clock position
rupture at masturbat-11-1'O clock position
rpted coitus-tag of ts(carunculae hymenales)
lost after childbiRTh-knoblike projection at periphery(carunculae myRTiformis)
Glaister Keene rod used
sudden infant death synd/cot death/crib death-sudden natural death<2y child d/t
unexplainable cause
TOXICOLOGY
PM technique
VirchOw-organ removed One by One
RokitanSky-in Situ dissection(infant)
GhOn-en blOck dissection
Letuelle-en masse dissection
head neck thorax abd
spinal cord-dissect fr back
condition-1st-last dissected
neonAt-Abd-head
head inj-thorax-head
asphyxia-head-neck
poisoni-head
infanticide-head-abd
air embolus-head-thorax
viscera preservation
routine-stom, intest, kg liver, of each kidn, spleen, 100g
brain(cerebrum/cerebellum), 10g fat fr abd, 100ml bld
digoxin-heart
Strychnine-Spinal cord, heart
alcohol-CSF, vitreous, bld, urine
inhalat anaesth agent-lung(nylon bag), mesenteric fat
morphine, Barbiturate-Bile
As-stom, bld, liver
pesticide, insecticide-fat
chloroform-vitreous
preservative
best, acid except phenol-rectif spirit
MC, phenol-sat soln NaCl
alcohol-supersat saline, NaF, K oxalate

brain-NS, rectif spirit

CO-liq parafn
DNA ngErprinT-EDTA
F-K oxalate, NaNO3
gout-alcohol
P(yellow)-H2O
urine-thymol, toluene
virological examn-50%glycerol
vitreous-fluoride
DNA analysis-recent death-spleen, 2-3w-brain
typical embalming solution
Formalin
Methanol
Phenol(germicide)
Glycerine(wetting agent)
Na borate
Na citrate
NaCl
eosin
soluble wintergreen
water
ethanol
embalming-Discontinuous inj&Drainage
PM on body contaminat with RA comp
<5mCi-rubber glove
>5mCi-consult rad ofcer
<30mCi-Gieger counter used
>30mCi-mandat body embalmed
psychologic autopsy-assesm of mental status of deceased person bef death
artefact
therapeutic
agonal(introduced during death)
PM
gastric lavage
child-Ryle tube
aDult-EwalD/Boas tube
gold period<3h

hemodialysis
abs indication(BLAST)
Barbiturate
Li
Alcohol(methanol)
Salicylate
Theophylline
abs contraindication(BODY)
BDZ
OP comp
Digitalis
kerosene
poison-antidote
universal-activate charcoal(destructive distillation wood+passing steam, act by
adsorpt): tannic acid(ppt alkaloid): MgO(neutralise acid)=2:1:1
coma cocktail-dextrose(hypoglycemia)+ naloxone(opioid)+ vitB1(alcoh)
a/c As-dimercaprol/BAL
atropine-physostigmine
BDZ-flumazenil
benzoic acid-Gly
cocaine-amyl nitrite inhalation
heparin-protamine SO4(seash sperm- 1mgPS100U heparin)
I2-starch
a/c Fe-deferoxamine
MgSO4-Ca gluconate
mineral acid-CaO,MgO
OPC-atropine
oxalic acid-lime(Ca gluconate)
paracetamol-Nacetyl cysteine
P-CuSO4
strychnine-short act barbiturate
warfarin-vitK1
smellpoisoni
acetone, apple-lacquer
acrid pear, pungent-chloral hydrate
bitter almond-CN
BurNt rope-caNNaBis
choking-nitric oxide
shy-Zn phosphide
fruity-ethanol

garlic-As, P, thallium
kerosene-kerosene,OPC
offensive rancid, unpleasant sweetish-adipocere
rotten egg-H2S
shoe polish-nitrobenzene
SuffOcating-SO2
gas-name
Methane-Marsh
H2S+CO2+CH4-sewer
H2S+other poisonous gas=Japanese detergent suicide
war
muSTaRd gas,BAL-BLiSTeR
N2O-laughing
diphenyl amine chlor arSIne-SIckening
BromoBenzylCN(BBC), ChloroAcetoPhenone(CAP)-tear
MC-drug
psychoactive-caffeine
addictive-nicotine
substance Abuse-Alcohol
iliCit-Cannabis
ideal homicid poison-thallium
ideal suicidal poison-CN
OPC poisoni
aLkylP-HETP, OMPA, TEPP, sulfoTEPP, maLathion, dimefox, demeton, tichlorfon
aRylP-paRathion(folidol), methylparathion, chlorthion, fenthion, paraoxon,
diazinon(Tik20)
late onset polyneuropathy-after 2-4w
ARsenic poisoni
As2O3(white As), AsCl3(butter As)
fatal dose=100-200mg
arsenophagist-who survive upto-300mg
c/f-suba/c-cholera like, fading meAsles
C/c(blaCkfoot ds)-alopecia, raindRop pigm on face&neck, milk rose complexion,
nail-AldRich Mees transv line, bone-pancytop, hypertherm, subendoc hge, red velvetty
stom, asymmet periph sens neuropathy
Rx-BAL, dimercaprol
Hg poisoni,diwali poison

c/f-c/c-hypergyrism, erethism-neural manif, Hg tremor-Hatter/glassblower

shake/Danbury tremor, affect PCT, diphtheria like colitis, aerodynia-pink ds,
ptyalism-excess salivat, mercuria lentis-brownish discolorat eyelens capsule
Rx-BAL
Pb poisoni
Pb arsenate, PbO, PbCO3
leaSt tox-Pb Sulphide
inhalation>ingestion
c/f-c/c(plumbism, saturnism)-facial pallor, basophillic stippling, Burtonian line, wrist
drop, foot drop, encephalopathy
lab parameterlevelremark
coproporphyrin urine->0.15mg/l-exposure to Pb
Pb in bld->0.7mg/l-c/f
Pb in urine->0.8mg/l-exposur&absorpt
aminolevulinic acid in urin->5mg/l-Pb absorption
norm ingest=0.2-0.3mg/d
Rx-succimer, CaEDTA, child-DMSA
Cu poisoni
green line gum-Clepten line
greenish blue froth at mouth&nostril
CuSO4 c/c poisoni-vineyard Sprayer lung
Physostigmine-ordeal poison
PHOSphoruS poisoni(diwali,rat)
yellow/white(toxi)-spontaneous combustion>30C
protoplasm poison cellular oxidat anoxic necrobiosis affect liver
a/c-a/c yellow atrophy liver
c/c-PHOSSy/glass jaw(osteomyelitis), Smoky Stool, Priapism
fumes-caries tooth
FD=60-120mg
Rx-vitK
Jamaican vomiting sickn
unripe fruit of ackee tree
toxin-hypoglycinA MethyleneCycloPropylAcetic acid(MCPA) oxidat FA
c/f-vomit, coma, free fatty acidem, dicarboxylicaciduria, liver glycogen, FA
degeneration
Abrus precatorius/ratti/gunchi/gunja/jequirity/Indian liquoric/rosary bead poisoni
seed wt=108mg

abrin(~viper venom)-vasculotox
suis
Spanish fly/blister beetle/cantharide
cantharidin-aphrodisiac
c/f-priapism, blister
scombroid poisoni
sh Proteus histamine
dinitrocompound
resemble thyrotoxicosis
thallium
resemble natural death
snake
COlubridae-pupil rOund
Elapidae-cobra, krait
Hydrophidae-sea snake
Viperiaedae-pupil Vertical-Viper
snake bite
kiNg cobra-Neurotox
comm krait(most poisoni)-FD=6mg(dried venom)-neurotox(bungarotoxin)-Nm
antag-sk m paralysis
russel Viper, sawscaled Viper-Vasculotox-max pain d/t max organism in oral cavity
sea snake-myotoxic
Rx-reassure wash with soap&water Sutherland wrap inj
TT ASV(1vial=1mg) neostigmine(cobrabite)
nonpoisonous-rat snake
poisonous snake
body scale large, cover whole width
viper-head scale small
cobra-3rd labial large, touch eye
fang-vIper-canalIse, cObra-grOOve
tail-compress
nocturnal
bite mark-2fang mark
dinoflagellate(inf shellsh)
saxitoxin, tetradoxin-Na ch antag

CO poisonip
parkinsonism like c/f
alcohol
alcoholDH, Microsomal Ethanol Oxidising System(MEOS-cyt450), catalase
peroxisom
alcohol NADH (pyruvate lactate, OAA malate) hypoglycem lactic
acidosis, hyperuricem, lipogenesis, TAG synth, cholesterol synth, lipid deposit in
myocard, liver
rectif spirit=95%
abs alcoh=99.5%
denature alcohol=95%alcohol+5%wood naphtha
100proof ethanol=50%ethanol
drunkometer/intoximeter/alcometer/breathalyser
Widmark formula, amount of alcoh(a)=body wt(p)const(r)conc bld alcoh(c)
r=0.085(mal), 0.055(fem)
rate of metab=15mg/100ml/h
legal limit=30mg%(60ml)
alcohol gaze nystagmus=80mg%
under influence=80-100mg%
intoxicat>140mg%
critical level=0.15%
dead drunk=0.5%
bld:urine=1:1.3
K dichromate-qualit&quant assessm alcohol in expire air
alcoholic palimpset/blackout-inability to recall what happen during drink spell
stage
excitement=50-100mg/100ml bld
incoordinat=100-300mg/100ml bld
narcosis/coma=300-500mg/100ml bl
medullary paralys>500mg/100ml bld
methanol/wood alcoh/illicit liquor-irrevers optic neuritis, FD=60-200ml
Hooch tragedy-500people blind
toxicity-methyl alcohol: formaldehyde: formic acid=1:33:60
visual hallucination seen
alcohol sz peak after withdraw-12-24h
drug use in alcoh dependence to prevent relapse-naltrexone, nalmefene, disulram,
acamprosate, ondansetron, topiramate
alcoh-pol III(RNA polymerase dep)gene
Stupefying poison
dhatura/D stramonium/thorn apple/road poison

c/f-dilated pupil, diplopia, dryhot skin, delirium

FP=24h
Rx-physostigmine
Nux vomica/kuchila
strychnine/brucine
FD=1crush seed
act on ant horn cell, inh inhibit NT(Gly)
c/f-GTCS, opisthotonous(backward arching), emprosthotonous(forward),
pleurosthotonous(sideward)
Rx-diazepam
mushroom poisoni
amantoxine-bind mRNA
inocybe-muscarine
isoxazole-antiACh, hallucinat
Amania muscarine-ACh
A phalloides-phalloidin-peptide tox, phalloides, galerin, amatoxin
Rx-thiotic acid, penicillium
acid vitriolage
H2SO4-FP=18-24h
Rx-MgO, Mg(OH)2, steroid
acid poisoni
magenstrasse-pathw acid through stom
empty stom-low body stomfundus
food ll stom-less curvat+pylorus
phenol/carbolic acid/phenic acid
miosis, lock jaw, carboluria(colourless greenish/blackish on
standing-hydroquinone/pyrocatechol), ochronosis-blackish cartil(hydroquinone),
phenol marasmus-ashwhite colour skin, leather bottle stom
Rx-hemodialysis
oxalic acid/salt of Sorrel/acid of Sugar
spinach, cabbage, raddish, carrot, beet, tomato
forging writing
cardiac poison
aconite/monk hood/blue rocket/bish-hippocampus-pulsatile pupil, hypersalivation,
tingling, numbness, chest pain
NerIum odorum(whIte oleander)-nerin

Cerebra theVetia(Yellow oleander)-cerebrin, thevetin

CN-cytochrome a3, carbonic anhydrase
FD(mg)-HCN=50-60, KCN=200-300
FP=2-3min
Rx-ELISKIT(amylNO3, Na thioSO4, hydroxocobalamin), 4dimethylaminophenol,
dicobalt edetate, glu, O2
caffeine
withdrawal sympt-headache, depression, wt gain
nicotine
withdrawal sympt-depression, headache, anxiety
cocaine/crack/crystal/freebase(Erythroxylon coca)
snorting-perforation nasal septum(ischemia)
crack(smoked)=cocain+baking soda+H2O
crackhouse-place where cocaine is sold/smoked
c/f-cocaine bug/Magnan sympt/formication
reverse tolerance psychic sympt
Cannabis
tetrahydrocannabinol, anandamine
bhang-dried leaves(1-15%), FD=10g/kg
majoon-sweet prepare fr bhang
ganga-small leaves& bracket of inflorescence fem plant(15-25%)
charas-resin flower top(25-40%), FD=2g
hash oil-resin mix lipid soluble plant extract(70-90%)
c/f-run amok(impulse to kill)
rave drug
ectasy, GHB(hydrobutyrate), LSD, ephedrine, ketamine, methamphetamine
angel dust/Peace Pill/hog/rocket fuel-Phencyclidine
body packer/bag-person tpt drug
body puSher-person diStribute drug
body stuffer-consume drug for fear of being caught
kick, rush-flushing face+pleasure
liquid gold-urine of amphetamine abuser(40%)
main line-prominent v d/t IV inj drug
skin popping-multiple old&new SC puncture mark on forearm
speed ball/hotshot-IV cocaine+heroine
opioid

withdrawal sympt-rhinorrhoea, yawning

Rxtreat withdrawal sympt
adr antag
clonidine
prevent withdrawal sympt
methadone(10mg)
buprenorphine
pREvent RElapse
naltRExone(block ,,) oral
treat OverdOse
nalOxOne(IV)
opium-FD=2000mg
opioid alkaloid(PMCT)
Phenanthrene-Morphine, Codeine, Thebaine
benzylisoquinoline-papaverine, narcine, noscapine
chloral hydrate/hypnotic drug/dry wine/knock out drop/Micky nn
cystalline
Abbreviations
a-artery, AA-amino acid, abtc-antibiotic, AI-autoimmune
bef-before, bel-below, b/l-bilateral, bld-blood, b/n-between, bn-benign, br-branch,
Bx-biopsy
ca-carcinoma, carb-carbohydrate, c/i-contraindication, c/l-contralateral,
conc-concentration, cong-congenital, Cx-cervix
d-day, def-deficient, ds-disease, d/t-due to, Dx-diagnosis
E-estrogen
fem-female, fr-from
gld-gland, glu-glucose
h-hormone
idiop-idiopathic, i/l-ipsilateral, inf-infection, inj-injury
lig-ligament, LL-lower limb, l/t-leading to
m-muscle, maj-major, mal-male, MC-most common, met-metastasis, min-minor,
mtx-methotrexate, Mx-management
n-nerve, norm-normal
P-progesterone, pl-plasma, prot-protein, pt-patient
Rx-treatment
SCC-squamous cell carcinoma, sr-serum, Sx-surgery, sz-seizure
tm-tumour, ts-tissue
UL-upper limb, u/l-unilateral
vag-vagina, VC-vocal cord, vel-velocity, vert-vertebra, vit-vitamin, vol-volume
w-week, wt-weight
Xr-X ray
y-year
#-fracture
-degree

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