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cr
Pcr
2 EI
2E
c 2 c 2
A
L A
L (A/ I)
I/A
(units of length)
2E
Equation becomes cr c 2
2 . So finally we write the
L (1/ )
Euler critical buckling stress as:
2E
E c
( L / )2
The term L / is non-dimensional and is known as the
slenderness ratio of the column.
y ( L / ) 2
J y 1
2
4c E
Euler
Johnson
Slenderness ratio
(
L
/
)
E
y
y
2
2
(L / )
4
c
2cE / y
equal
y ( L / ) 2
37,049 psi
J y 1
as:
2
4
c
10
11
b
a
Note that "b" is width of the plate (edge where the load is applied),
and "a" is the length of the plate. Gerard's solution for a flat plate
in compression with various edge boundaries can be summarized
with the following equation:
2
2 kc E t
cr
2 b
12(1 )
The constant kc is compressive buckling coefficient and is a
function of the edge boundary conditions and (a/b).
12
13
Note that there are 5 edge condition cases presented for the
unloaded edges (length of "a"); and for each of these cases a curve
for the loaded edges (width of "b") being either clamped or simply
supported. Notation is: c=clamped, ss=simply supported, f=free.
Each one of the "scalloped" portions of a curve in Fig. C5.2 is the
solution for a particular buckling mode: n=1 (half sine wave), n=2
(full sine wave), etc. For clamped, would be cosine waves.
n=1
n=2
n=3
For the top curve (Case A, loaded edges clamped), you can identify
up to n=7. Thus for (a/b)=2, the plate will buckle with n=3, i.e.,
sin(3 x / a) where x is the coordinate axis in the direction of load
application (a direction).
14
15
exceed 30% of the area of plate (area over which the load is
applied - on one end).
The added stiffeners will relieve some of the load from the plate.
The amount of load carried by the square tubes depends on the
cross-sectional area of each tube and that of the plate. You may
reduce the amount of the edge loading on the plate, accordingly.
Similarly, the addition of stiffeners breaks the plate into two or
more smaller plates that are constrained along all four edges.
Small tubes (less than 1.5" x 1.5") can be taken act as simply
supported constraints for the plate (on edges parallel to tubes).
Tubes larger than this size act as clamped constraints for the plate.
large stiffeners
small stiffeners
16
t
b=20
17
18
2
t
20"
12(1 (0.3) )
Solving for t gives: t 0.055"
110
Slenderness ratio:
0.816"
Now determine which column equation to use: Euler or Johnson.
19
2
cE
/
2(4)(10.4
x
10
psi ) /(40ksi ) 143
y
transition
Since the slenderness ratio for the tube is 110, which is less than
143, then the Johnson equation should be used. Johnson's equation
gives the buckling stress as
y ( L / ) 2
40ksi(110) 2
40ksi 1
J y 1
28, 200 psi
2
2
6
4
c
E
4(4) (10.4 x10 psi )
20