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Abiraterone = 17,20 lyase inhibitor shuts off all androgen production

everywhere it is used for chemical castration
Alvimopan = mu opioid receptor antagonist reverses ileus used for when the
bowel is not moving and this drug can reverse it
Carfilzomib = proteasome inhiiitor - myeloma treatment combined with
lenalidormide and dexamethesome
Ceftazidime-avibactam = cephalosporin/beta-lactamase inhibitor combination
Elbavir and grazoprevir = for hep C
Degarelix = GNRH antagonist = blocks pituitary production of LH/FSH and used
for prostate cancer; no initial BUMP up in LH/FSH like GnRH agonists (leuprolide,
goserelin)
Hepatitis C = the acute hepatitis to be treated with anti-viral therapy
Daclatasvir is used for hepatitis C
HIV standard of care:
o Treat everyone, no matter how high the CD4
o 2 NRTIs and an integrase inhibitor (dolutegravir, raltegravir or
elvitegravir)
this is superior to protease inhibitor

o Covicistat = inhibits the metabolism of protease inhibitor and integrase

Therefore, more of the other drugs will stay in the body and reduce the
dosing
o Idarucizumab = inhibitor of dabigatran
Isavuconazole = aspergilloisis = voriconazole
o Mucormycosis this is the first new drug for mucormycosis
Ivabradine = funny channel inhibitor at SA node
o Slows heart rate
o Used in CHF EF <35%
o It can decrease mortality
Methylnatrexone = for cancer pain
o Relieves opioid induced pain
Nivolumab = program cell death (PD1) stimulator
o It is a monoclonal antibody
o Blocks the inhibitor of programmed cell death
Ombitasvir, paritaprevir, ritonavir and dasabuvir
o Treatment of hepatitis C
Oritavancin = for resistant bug MRSA (but much more expensive than
vancomycin)
Ruxolitinib = janus kinase inhibitor
o Myelofibrosis and polycythemia vera
Sacubitril = its for CHF
o Nephrilysin inhibitor
o Added to ARB, specifically valsartan
o Decreases mortality
Hereditary spherocytosis = most accurate test is not osmolarity test (only 60%
sensitive)
o The most accurate test = eosin 5-Maleimide
eosin 5-Maleimide binds to several red cell proteins, including band 3
Tedizolid = gram positive organism
o Oral or IV

o Ribosomal inhibitor
Teduglutide = glucagon-like peptide (GLP) analogue
o It is used to slow bowel motility
Televancin = MRSA: skin and soft tissue infection
Vedolizumab = alpha integrin inhibitor
o Drug resistant inflammatory bowel disease
o Inhibits lymphocytes in peyers patches
o On 5ASA, TNF, budesonide and patient still symptomatic then you use this
drug
Vemurafenib = BRAF inhibitor programmed cell death
o Melanoma
Vorapaxar = anti-platelet
o Thrombin receptor antagonist
o Protease activated receptor 1 (PAR-1)
Adexanet

Non-ulcer dyspepsia
Misoprostil is used for abortion its a prostaglandin analogue (agonist)
If patient is not getting better after PPI should use upper endoscopy to see if
there is cancer
You dont need H. plyori without upper endoscopy can use breath test or stool
antigen
o You scope to look for cancer
Dieulafoy lesion, menetriers disease and linitis plastica
Difference in management of gastric from duodenal ulcer
o You need to do biopsy and recope after 6 weeks for gastric ulcer because 4%
can get cancer
Zollinger-ellison syndrome = gastroma, adenoma
Duodenal ulcer is most likely associated with H. pylori
H. pylori exists due to its production of ammonia

Sweet syndrome
Congo red = amyloidosis

Councilman bodies = yellow fever

o Intracytoplasmic eosinophilic
Negri bodies = rabies
Guarnieri bodies = small pox
Henderson-peterson bodies = molluscum contagiosum
Intranuclear acidophilic
o Cowddry type A = herpes simplex virus and varicella zoster virus
o Councilman bodies = yellow fever
o Mallory bodies = alcoholic liver disease
o Russell bodies = proximal tubules in the kidneys in multiple myeloma
Intranuclear basophilic
o Cowdry type B = in adenovirus
o owl eyes = cytomegalovirus
both intranuclear and intracytoplasmic
o warthin finkeldey bodies in measles
brain = liquefactive necrosis

giant cells = fusion of specialized macrophages called epitheloid cells these are
macrophages that been transformed by INF-gamma
Langhans cells = can be also seen in tuberculosis (other than skins)
Reed Sternberg cells = hodgkins lymphoma
Touton Giant = xanthoma
Aschoff giant cells = rheumatic fever
Chronic granulomatous disease = best initial screening test for CGD is no
longer nitroblue tetrazolium testing. Dihydrorhodamine testing = best
initial test for screening and when it fails to reduce to fluorescent rhodamine; the
test is positive
o CGD = inherited by both autosomal recessive and X-linked
Myeloperoxidase deficiency = recurrent candida infections
Myeloperoxidase enzymes of neutrophils = known as the asurophilic granules
that make up Auer Rods in the acute myeloid leukemia
o With leukemia = age is very important determining factor
New capillaries are formed laceration after 10 days
Type III collagen is laid down in acute phase in a keloid scar however in the later
stages it is replaced by type I collagen
B12 deficiency test can use romberg test (the slapping gait)
microcytosis usually caused by B12 or folate deficiency
folate deficiency = only homocysteine will be up
osteogenesis imperfecta = deficiency in type I collagen
menkes disease seen in copper deficiency = impaired lysyl oxidase synthesis
ehlers danlos syndrome = mutation in collagen synthesis
goodpastures syndrome = production of anti-collagen type IV
vitamin C deficiency = test bleeding time
vWF factor deficiency = sign = nose bleeding after using aspirin and menstruating
female
waterhouse friderichsen syndrome can also cause by heparin
desmopressin = increased release of factor VIII
DIC most commonly caused by sepsis
Acute fat embolism usually occurs in a more acute duration
o Pulmonary embolism = combination of leg injury with immobilization, acute
onset dyspnea, tachycardia, tachypnea and desaturation are classic. Chest
pain is also seen.
o Fat embolism = triad = dyspnea, long bone breaks and petechiae on the
trunk usually very acute
Most common source of thrombi to go to lung is deep veins of the legs
Pale or red infarcts
o Pale infarcts occur in organs with one blood supply
o Red infarcts more than one blood supply