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Hardware and
Software Basics
Overview
HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE BASICS
Hardware Basics
Computer Categories
Software Basics
INTRODUCTION
Information technology (IT) - Any
computer-based tool that people use to work
with information and support the information
and information-processing needs of an
organization
Hardware - Consists of the physical devices
associated with a computer system
Software - The set of instructions that the
hardware executes to carry out specific tasks
HARDWARE BASICS
Computer - An electronic device operating
under the control of instructions stored in its own
memory that can accept, manipulate, and store
data
Hardware components include:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
HARDWARE BASICS
HARDWARE BASICS
HARDWARE BASICS
HARDWARE BASICS
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Primary Storage
Primary storage - The computers main
memory, which consists of the random
access memory (RAM), cache memory, and
the read-only memory (ROM) that is directly
accessible to the CPU
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Secondary Storage
Secondary storage - Consists of equipment
designed to store large volumes of data for
long-term storage
Megabyte (MB or M or Meg) - Roughly 1 million
bytes
Gigabyte (GB) - Roughly 1 billion bytes
Terabyte (TB) - Roughly 1 trillion bytes
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Secondary Storage
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Magnetic Medium
Magnetic medium - A secondary storage medium that
uses magnetic techniques to store and retrieve data on
disks or tapes coated with magnetically sensitive materials
Magnetic tape - An older secondary storage medium that
uses a strip of thin plastic coated with a magnetically
sensitive recording medium
Hard drive - A secondary storage medium that uses
several rigid disks coated with a magnetically sensitive
material and housed together with the recording heads in a
hermetically sealed mechanism
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Optical Medium
Optical medium types include:
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Input Devices
Input device - Equipment used to capture
information and commands
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Input Devices
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Output Devices
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Output Devices
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Communication Devices
Communication device - Equipment
used to send information and receive it
from one location to another
Dial-up access
Cable
Digital subscriber line
Wireless
Satellite
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COMPUTER CATEGORIES
For the past 20 years, federally funded
supercomputing research has given birth
to some of the computer industrys most
significant technology breakthroughs
including:
Clustering
Parallel processing
Mosaic browser
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COMPUTER CATEGORIES
Computer categories include:
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SOFTWARE BASICS
System software - Controls how the various
technology tools work together along with the
application software
Operating system software
Utility software
Application software
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Utility Software
Types of utility software
Crash-proof
Disk image
Disk optimization
Encrypt data
File and data recovery
Preventative security
Spyware
Uninstaller
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Application Software
Types of application software
Bowser
Communication
Data management
Desktop publishing
Email
Groupware
Presentation graphics
Programming
Spreadsheet
Word processing