Definition of the Ruled- Secular

Aquinas distinction of two kinds of the Ruled or two kinds of subjection :

There is another kind of subjection, which is called economic or civil, whereby the superior
makes use of his subjects for their own benefit and good; and this kind of subjection
existed even before sin - ST I, 92.1. ar 2
It can be argued that the Federal Constitution applies the thomistic idea that natural rule is
indeed good. A brief scouring of Article 6(2) shows that for natural purpose, the
government has save in accordance to the law the right to require compulsory obedience.
In discussions regarding Thomistic ideas of being ruled, there must indeed be a voluminous
reference to the works of Aristotle. This is because, when Thomas Aquinas was dwelling on
this subject, he was heavily influenced by Aristotelian notions of being ruled
With both Thomas Aquinas and Aristotle, slavery was assigned into two distinct types.
These are Natural Slavery and Slavery by Law. Aristotle in his work, Politics, scribbles
profusely on the general definitions of these two types of slavery;
The words slavery and slave are used in two senses. There is a slave or slavery by law as
well as by nature. The law of which I speak is a sort of convention the law by which
whatever is taken in war is supposed to belong to the victors

Definition of the Ruled- Islamic

The Ruled in Islam means the Ummah in general
The word Ummah refers to "the people" in Arabic, more specifically to Muslim people with a common ideology
and culture. "Ummah" is also said in the Quran by Allah referring to Muslims. It is more commonly used in Islamic
countries. Muslim Ummah refers to the unity of Muslims all over the world. The Muslim Ummah is responsible for
upholding the religion and therefore benefiting the community regardless whether the community is Muslim or
non-Muslim[citation needed].
Apart from its strict religious connotation, the word "ummah" used in Arabic in the general sense of "community",
as in a community of peoples.
The Arabic term for the United Nations in Arabic is United Ummahs. In its Islamic sense of the community of
Muslims, the word is usually preceded in Arabic by the definite article, i.e. The Ummah.
The phrase Ummah Whidah in the Quran "One Community refers to all of the Islamic world as it existed at the
time. The Quran says: "You [Muslims] are the best nation brought out for Mankind, commanding what is righteous
and forbidding what is wrong [3:110].
The usage is further clarified by the Constitution of Medina, an early document said to have been negotiated by
Muhammad in AD 622 with the leading clans of Medina, explicitly refers to Jewish, Christians and pagan citizens
of Medina as members of the Ummah.

Emergence of the Ummah

At the time of Muhammad, before the conception of the ummah, Arab communities were
typically governed by kinship.
In other words, the political ideology of the Arabs centered around tribal affiliations and
blood-relational ties.
In the midst of a tribal society, the religion of Islam emerged and along with it the concept of
the ummah. The ummah emerged according to the idea that a messenger or prophet has
been sent to a community.
But unlike earlier messengers who had been sent to various communities in the past (as can
be found among the Prophets in the Old Testament), Muhammad had been given the task to
develop a universal ummah and not only for the Arabs.
Muhammad's purpose as messenger to them was to transmit a divine message, and lead
the Islamic community to salvation.
Muhammad is the messenger for the ummah, it indicates there is a divine message, which
further implies that God is directing the life affairs of the ummah.
Accordingly, the purpose of the ummah was to be based on religion, following the
commands of God, rather than kinship.

Ruled in the Sahifah Medinah

The Constitution of Medina is a document created by Muhammad to regulate social and political life
in Medina.
It deals with various tribal issues such as the organization and leadership of the participating tribal
groups, warfare, blood money, ransom of captives, and war expenditures
It is at the beginning of the document that the Muslims from the Quraysh (those from Mecca) and the
Muslims from Yathrib (those from Medina) are declared to be an ummah or one community
The word ummah appears again when the document refers to the treaty of the Jews and states that
the Yahd Ban ' Awf, or Jews, are an ummah that exists alongside the ummah of the Muslims or may
be included in the same ummah as the Muslims.
The document does state that the Jews who join the Muslims will receive aid and equal rights.
In addition, the Jews will be guaranteed security from the Muslims, and are granted to maintain their
own religion just as the Muslims will maintain theirs
This infers that the ummah is not strictly a religious community in Medina.
The Constitution of Medina lists the various Medinan tribes derived from the Aws and Khazraj as well
as the several Jewish tribes that are granted to keep their tribal organization and leadership.
The document also reveals that each group, the Muslims and the Jews, is responsible for its own
finances except during time of war, when the two are able to share expenses.

Ummah in Mecca
After the fall of Mecca, membership in the ummah required a
commitment to Islam. This happened as a result of Islam beginning to
distinguish itself not just from Paganism but also Judaism and Christianity
by emphasizing a model of community based on Abraham.
The membership of the ummah was now based on two main principles.
The first is to worship God alone and secondly, in order to worship God
properly one must be in a guided community.
The essentials of the new society were the new relations between human
beings and God and between human beings and one another. The society
was held together by the Prophet. Feuding among Muslim clans was
forbidden.
Muhammad's community was designed to transform the world itself
through action in the world