APPENDIX C

Physical Properties
of Water
Table C-1
Physical properties of water (SI units)
Specic
Dynamic
Kinematic
Surface Modulus of
Vapor
a
b
c
a
Viscosity
Viscosity
Tension
Elasticity
Pressure
Temperature Weight Density
E
Pv
T

( C)
(kN/m3 ) (kg/m3 ) ( 103 kg/ms) ( 106 m2 /s) (N/m) ( 109 N/m2 ) (kN/m2 )
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100

9.805
9.807
9.804
9.798
9.789
9.777
9.764
9.730
9.689
9.642
9.589
9.530
9.466
9.399

999.8
1000.0
999.7
999.1
998.2
997.0
995.7
992.2
988.0
983.2
977.8
971.8
965.3
958.4

1.781
1.518
1.307
1.139
1.002
0.890
0.798
0.653
0.547
0.466
0.404
0.354
0.315
0.282

1.785
1.519
1.306
1.139
1.003
0.893
0.800
0.658
0.553
0.474
0.413
0.364
0.326
0.294

0.0765
0.0749
0.0742
0.0735
0.0728
0.0720
0.0712
0.0696
0.0679
0.0662
0.0644
0.0626
0.0608
0.0589

1.98
2.05
2.10
2.15
2.17
2.22
2.25
2.28
2.29
2.28
2.25
2.20
2.14
2.07

0.61
0.87
1.23
1.70
2.34
3.17
4.24
7.38
12.33
19.92
31.16
47.34
70.10
101.33

Source: Adapted from J. K. Venard and R. L. Street (1975). Elementary Fluid Mechanics, 5th ed., Wiley, New York.
atmospheric pressure.
viscosity can also be expressed in units of Ns/m2 .
c In contact with air.
a At

b Dynamic

MWHs Water Treatment: Principles and Design, Third Edition

John C. Crittenden, R. Rhodes Trussell, David W. Hand, Kerry J. Howe and George Tchobanoglous
Copyright 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

1861

1862

Appendix C Physical Properties of Water

Table C-2
Physical properties of water (U.S. customary units)
Specific
Dynamic
Kinematic
Surface Modulus of
Vapor
a
b
a
Viscosity
Viscosity
Tension
Elasticity
Pressure
Temperature Weight Density
E
pv
T

( F)
(lb/ft3 ) (slug/ft3 ) ( 105 lbs/ft2 ) ( 105 ft2 /s) (lb/ft) (103 lbf /in.2 ) (lbf /in.2 )
32
49
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
212

62.42
62.43
62.41
62.37
62.30
62.22
62.11
62.00
61.86
61.71
61.55
61.38
61.20
61.00
60.80
60.58
60.36
60.12
59.83

1.940
1.940
1.940
1.938
1.936
1.934
1.931
1.927
1.923
1.918
1.913
1.908
1.902
1.896
1.890
1.883
1.876
1.868
1.860

3.746
3.229
2.735
2.359
2.050
1.799
1.595
1.424
1.284
1.168
1.069
0.981
0.905
0.838
0.780
0.726
0.678
0.637
0.593

1.931
1.664
1.410
1.217
1.059
0.930
0.826
0.739
0.667
0.609
0.558
0.514
0.476
0.442
0.413
0.385
0.362
0.341
0.319

0.00518
0.00614
0.00509
0.00504
0.00498
0.00492
0.00486
0.00480
0.00473
0.00467
0.00460
0.00454
0.00447
0.00441
0.00434
0.00427
0.00420
0.00413
0.00404

287
296
305
313
319
324
328
331
332
332
331
330
328
326
322
318
313
308
300

0.09
0.12
0.18
0.26
0.36
0.51
0.70
0.95
1.27
1.69
2.22
2.89
3.72
4.74
5.99
7.51
9.34
11.52
14.70

Source: Adapted from J. K. Venard and R. L. Street (1975). Elementary Fluid Mechanics, 5th ed., Wiley, New York.
atmospheric pressure.
b In contact with the air.
a At

The following equations (R. C. Weast, 1983, CRC Handbook of Chemistry

and Physics, 64th edition, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL) can be used to
compute the density w (kg/m3 ) and dynamic viscosity w (kg/ms) at
other temperatures:

999.83952 + 16.945176(T ) 7.9870401 103 (T )2
46.170461 106 (T )3 + 105.56302 109 (T )4 280.54253 1012 (T )5
w =
1 + 16.879850 103 (T )


For 0 < T < 20 C,

where

A=

1301
1.30223
998.333 + 8.1855(T 20) + 0.00585(T 20)2

For 20 < T < 100 C,

where

B=

w = 103 (10A )

w = (1.002 103 )(10B )

1.3272(20 T ) 0.001053(T 20)2

T + 105