Introduction to nanotechnology

Dr Aung Kyaw Swar

Lecturer

WHAT IS NANOTECHNOLOGY
Nanoscience and nanotechnology are the study
and application of extremely small things and
can be used across all the other science fields,
such as chemistry, biology, physics, materials
science, and engineering.
The study of the controlling of matter on an
atomic
and
molecular
scale.
Generally
nanotechnology deals with structures sized
between 1 to 100 nanometer in at least one
dimension, and involves developing or modifying
materials or devices within that size.

HOW IT STARTED
The ideas and concepts behind nanoscience and
nanotechnology started with a talk entitled
Theres Plenty of Room at the Bottom by physicist
Richard Feynman at an American Physical Society
meeting at the California Institute of Technology
(CalTech) on December 29, 1959.

Physicist Richard Feynman,

the father of nanotechnology.

How small is Nano small?

Units in (m)

XRD

IR

UV

SEM

TEM

Nanotechnology spans many

Areas
Information
Technology

Mechanical
Engineering /
Robotics

Biotechnology

Transportation
Advance
Materials &
Textiles

NANOTECHNOLOGY
National
Security &
Defense

Energy &
Environment
Aerospace

Medicine /
Health

Food and
Agriculture

Yow
!

Nanotechnology Language
Nanobio
Nanodots
Nanowires
Nanoelectronics
Nanobots
Nanomaterials

A nanocar made from a single molecule.

Transistors

This is a 2 gigabyte hard drive. It weighs about 70 pounds. It was

first used in the 1980s. Its cost at that time ranged from $80,000
to $140,000.
2 GB in 1980s
$80,000
2 GB in 1990s
$200
2 GB in 2010
$5

Current research shows that by using

nanotechnology, 1000 GB of memory
can fit on the head of this pin. 1000
GB is 1 Terabyte.

Carbon nanotubes on a glass or plastic

sheet allow manufacturers to make clear
conductive panels for displays that are
extremely thin.

ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE

OF NANOTECHNOLOGY
ADVANTAGES
Reduced energy use
Better medical treatment
Lower costs for computing
DISADVANTAGES
Environmental risks
Privacy risks

Steric Stabilization
Steric stabilization, also called polymeric stabilization is a method widely used
in stabilization of colloidal dispersions.
Polymeric stabilization does offer several advantages over electrostatic
stabilization
1) It is thermodynamic stabilization method, so that the particles are always
redispersible.
2) A very high concentration can be accommodated, and the dispersion
medium can be completely depleted.
3) It is not electrolyte sensitive.
4) It is suitable to multiple phase system.

Solvent and Polymer

Solvent

Aqueous solvent (H2O)

Non aqueous solvent or organic solvent

protic solvent

can exchange proton

Include
methanol, CH3OH
Ethanol CH3CH2OH
good solvent

aprotic solvent

cannot exchange proton

Include
Benzene, C6H6

Polymer in a solvent tends to expand to reduce the overall Gibbs free

energy of the system.
poor solvent
Polymer in a solvent tends to coil up or collapse to reduce the overall
Gibbs free energy of the system.