EE201P

Electromechanics Lab

IIT Mandi

Study of connections of three single-phase transformers for three-phase transformation

Aim: To study voltage transformations of three single-phase transformers for the connections below
Y-Y

(i)

(ii )

(iii)

Y-

(iv)

-Y

Apparatus:
1. Three-phase Autotransformer, 400 V, 50Hz
2. 3Transformers: 1KVA, 230/150 V (HV/LV)
3. Multimeter
4. Voltmeter
Theory:
Three single-phase transformers can be used to get a three phase system. The primary and secondary windings of each transformer can be connected among themselves in many configurations.
The four basic connections/configurations will be discussed as follows, in order to get a three
phase system.
[1] Star /Star (Y-Y) connection
Star connection is formed on each side by connecting together phase winding terminals as shown
in Fig.1. The phasor diagram is drawn from which it can be clearly seen that the voltages of the
corresponding phases are in phase. This is also known as Zero Degree (0) connection.
In Star/Star connection
VL-L= 3 VL-N
A

V1

A2 V1/3
A 1 B2

B1 C
2

b2

b1 c
2

a2

a1
V2/3

a2

A2

V2 b

N
C1
c1

C2

B2 b 2

c2

EE201P

Electromechanics Lab

IIT Mandi

[2] Delta/Delta (- ) connection

Delta connection is formed on each side by connecting together phase windings terminals as
shown in Fig.2. The phasor diagram is drawn from which it can be clearly seen that the voltages of
the corresponding phases are in phase. This is known as Zero Degree (0) connection. However, if
the secondary leads of a,b,c are taken out from the delta nodes a1b2, b1a2 and c1c2, and the secondary voltages are in phase opposition to the primary voltages, then it known as 180 connection.
In Delta/Delta connection
VL-L= VL-N

V1

C
C1

A2

A 1 B2

V1

V2a1

a2

V2

B1

b2

b1

C2

c2

a2

A2

c1

C1

c1

C2B

A1
B2

a1
b2

c
b1 2

[3] Star/Delta (Y-) connection

The star delta connection is formed when the primarys are connected in star and the secondarys
are connected in delta configuration. The connection is known as the 30connection. The description is given in the phasor diagram.

For Star

For Delta

VL-L= 3 VL-N

VL-L= VL-N

EE201P

Electromechanics Lab
A

V1

IIT Mandi

C
a2
c1

A2
A2 V1/3
A 1 B2

B1 C
2

b2

b1 c
2

a2

V2a1

V2

C1
c1

a1
B2 b 2

C2

b1

c2

[4] Delta/Star Connection

The delta-star connection is formed when the primaries are connected in delta and secondaries
connected in star. The connection is also known as the 30connection. The description is given in
the phasor diagram.
The difference between star-delta and delta-star is that in latter the secondary line-line and lineneutral vary with 3 relation.

For Delta

For Star

VL-L= VL-N

V1

a2

B1 C
2

V2

a2

C1
c1

b1 c
2

a1 b2
V2/3

C
A2
C1

V1
A 1 B2

A2

VL-L= 3 VL-N

n
A1
B2

B1C2 b2

c2

Procedure:[1] Connect the star/star connection.

[2] Give the input voltage with the help of a autotransformer.
[3] Measure the input Line-Line and Line-Neutral Voltages.
[4] Similarly make the connections for star/delta, delta/star and delta/delta configurations and note
the values.

EE201P

Electromechanics Lab

IIT Mandi

Observations:-

Voltages

Star/Star (Input) (Volts)

Star/Star (Output) (Volts)

Star/Delta (Input) (Volts)

Star/Delta (Output) (Volts)

Delta/Star (Input) (Volts)

Delta/Star (Output) (Volts)

VL-L
VL-N

Voltages
VL-L
VL-N

Voltages
VL-L
VL-N

Calculations:

Results:

Conclusions:

Questions:
1. What are the advantages of three-phase power transfer as compared to single-phase?
2. Draw a phase diagram of voltages of primary and secondary sides of all transformer connections mentioned earlier.