VLT Danfoss Drives FIDT Training

Basic Drive Technology

www.danfoss.com/drives
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Learning Objectives
In this training module we will learn the Basics of the VLT .
We will focus on:
The main block diagram and components.
How does a VLT frequency converter work
How to control the VLT
Fieldbus
Danfoss Soft Starter

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The main block diagram

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Learning Objectives

We will focus on:

The main block diagram and components.
How does a VLT
frequency converter work
How to control the VLT

Fieldbus
Danfoss Soft Starter

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Basic Structure of 6 Pulse VSD

It is a an electric device which provides infinitely variable speed control of three phase AC motors
by converting the fixed mains voltage and frequency into a variable quantities

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The rectifier

Uncontrolled?
or
semi controlled rectifier?

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IGBT (Isolated Gate Bipolar Transistor)

Source: Wikipedia

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How does a VLT frequency converter work

Power part of frequency converter

VDC

L1

L2

L3

3-PHASE SUPPLY
MOTOR

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How does a VLT frequency converter work

The rectifier

UDC
IDC

L1

L2

L3

3-PHASE SUPPLY Voltage

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How does a VLT frequency converter work

The intermediate curcuit (DC-bus)

UDC

UDC
IDC

VDC

IDC

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How does a VLT frequency converter work

The inverter (six-step voltage)
UU

UDC

Uv
UW

IDC

UU-V
U

MOTOR

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How does a VLT

frequency converter work

The inverter (six-step voltage)

110

UU

Uo*
010

100

UV

o=ot

UW

011

101
UUV

001

101

100

110

010

011

001

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Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM)

Pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) is the transmission of

data by varying the amplitudes (voltage or power levels) of the
individual pulse
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Output voltage from the VLT - PWM modulation (VVCPLUS)

One phase shown

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Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM)

Example of PWM

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The PWM pattern, basic for Danfoss VVC

Pulse width modulation

Sine controller pulse width modulation

Asynchronous pulse width modulation 60 AVM

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Learning Objectives

We will focus on:

The main block diagram and components.
How does a VLT
frequency converter work
How to control the VLT

Fieldbus
Danfoss Soft Starter

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How to control the VLT

Motor speed are controlled by:
Hand Mode, directly from the LCP
Potentiometer, 10 Volt supply for the potentiometer available
Voltage signal, 0-10Volt or +/- 0-10 Volt
Current signal
Field bus signals
Motor speed are controlled in open or closed loop:
Open loop as mentioned above
Closed loop using
The build in PID controller function
Using an external PID controller

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How to control the VLT

Functionality are controlled by:
Keys on the LCP
Switches connected to the digital inputs
24 Volt signal
Field bus signals

VLT can inform about status via

Reading on the LCP
Digital outputs
Relays
Analogue signals, current or voltage
Field Bus signals

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Learning Objectives

We will focus on:

The main block diagram and components.
How does a VLT
frequency converter work
How to control the VLT

Fieldbus
Danfoss Soft Starter

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Typical Fieldbus Communication

START
Run forward 1500 RPM

Controller

O.K.
Ramping
Running forward @ 273 RPM

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Field Bus control

A Fieldbus is a media that links 2 or more physical units, for exchange of information.
Typically this refers to the controller communications protocol and physical cable
connections.
Cables design type is dependent on the protocol used and application design.
Fieldbus cables can be from a few meters, to kilometers in length.
Control signals can be activated via the Fieldbus.
Depending on the application, access to all or selected drive parameters
is possible.
Detailed error/status messages can be obtained from the Fieldbus.
Typical Fieldbus communication is via Master/slave protocol commands.

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Why use a Fieldbus?

Less Cost at Installation.
Data transfer is more resistant to electrical noise.
Reduced number of cables = Less maintenance.
Simple expansion of system.
Increase of productivity.
Increase of product quality due to more and better information.

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Fieldbus Types Supported by Danfoss Drives

Different Fieldbus protocols are more
commonly used in some application
types compared to others.

AutomationDrive

Here we can see the typical protocols

used in the primary VLT Business Areas.

AQUA

HVAC

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Fieldbus Types Supported by Danfoss Drives

E=Embedded

FCM

FCD

VLT

VLT

VLT

VLT

VLT

FC 301

FC 102

FC 202

O=Option

300

300

2800

5000

5000

6000

8000

/302

HVAC

AQUA

FLUX

HVAC

AQUA

AUTO

AS-Interface

FC Protocol

PROFIbus DP-V1

DeviceNet

CanOpen

Modbus RTU

Modbus +

Interbus

LonWorks

Metasys N2

L&S FLN

BACnet MSTP

()

O/E

EtherNet/IP

Modbus TCP

()

PROFInet (Q2/Q3, 09)

()

()

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()

End of
Basic Drive Technology
Start of
Basic Soft Starter Technology

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VLT Soft Starter

Market Positioning

Complete range three series

MCD 100
Soft Start of motors
0,7 15 kW
MCD 200 series
11 Models 7.5 kW~110 kW
MCD 201 Soft Start Controller

Voltage ramp soft start/stop

MCD 202 Compact Soft Starter
Current limit soft start
Motor protection
MCD 500
23 Models/5 frame sizes
20A ~ 1600A
7.5kW ~ 850kW

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VLT Soft Starter - applications

Pumps

Woodworking
Fans and
Blowers
Conveyors
Cranes

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Soft Starter
A Soft Starter controls
the voltage applied to
the motor by the use of
solid state A.C. switches
(SCRs) in series with
the supply to the motor.

M
3~

Contactor

A.C. Switches Overload

Motor

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Fieldbus connection options

MCD options provide connection to fieldbus networks
and pc tools:
- Remote Operator
-

ASCII for Remote Operator and WinMaster

Profibus DP
DeviceNet
Modbus RTU
USB Module

WinStart
WinMaster
MCT10

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VLT Compact Starter MCD 200

The Range

MCD 202
Compact Soft Starter

Current limit soft

start + motor
protection

MCD 201
Soft Start Controller

Voltage ramp soft

start/stop

2 Styles
- without motor protection
- with motor protection
11 Models
- 7.5 kW~110 kW @ 400VAC
2 Voltage Ranges
- 200 ~ 440VAC & 200 ~ 575VAC
Three frame sizes
7,5~30kW , 37~55kW , 75~110kW
Protection
- IP20 (7.5 ~ 55 kW)
- IP00 (75 ~ 110 kW)
Approvals
- CE
- UL508
- CSA
- CCC*
C-tick
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MCD 201
MCD 203

Integral Bypass Relays

VLT Compact Starter

MCD 200 Series

MCD 202

Very low heat dissipation.

No need for additional bypass contactor.

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MCD203 Compressor starter

Customized MCD201, an example of special design for special customer needs

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MCD 202

Adjustments
Eight adjustments can be made on the
MCD 202 soft starters:
Current Ramp Up (2-15 sec)
Current Limit (250-450%)
+ Initial Current (150-250%)
Ramp Down (0-20 sec)
Motor FLC (50-100%)
Motor Trip Class (10,15,20)
Maximum Start Time (0-20 sec)
Phase Rotation Protection
Auxiliary Relay Function (Trip, Run)

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The MCD500 Range

23 Models
7.5kW ~ 800kW @ 400V
21A ~ 1600 A (3 Wire)

2 Voltage Ranges
T5 = 200 ~ 525 VAC
T7 = 380 ~ 690 VAC

Protection
MCD5-0021B ~ MCD5-0105B
IP20
MCD5-0131B ~ MCD5-1600C
IP00
(Finger Guard Kits Optional IP20)

Approvals

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