Course-Curricula for M.

Tech in Cryogenic Engineering

Elective Subjects: M.Tech. - Cryogenic Engineering
Sl. No.

Sem

Subject Code

Name of the Subject

1
2

1
1

CR60001
CR60003

3
3

1
1

0
0

4
4

CR60002

4
5
6
7
8
9

1
1
1
1
1
1

CR69001
CR69005
CR69003

0
0
0

0
0
0

2
3
3

1
2
2

10

CR60004

11
12
13

2
2
2

14

CR69004

15
16
17
18

2
2
3
4

CR69002
CR68002
CR67001
CR67002

Cryogenic Systems
Cryophysics
Cryo. Mass Transfer and Separation
Systems
Elective I
Elective II
Elective III
Seminar I
Cryo. Engg. Lab.
Cryo. Systems Lab.
Superconducting Materials, Magnets and
Devices
Elective IV
Elective V
Elective VI (HSS/IEM)
Superconductivity and Low Temperature
Physics Lab.
Seminar II
Comprehensive Viva Voce
Thesis (Part I)
Thesis (Part II)

1
3
15

Elective Subjects: M.Tech. - Cryogenic Engineering

Sem

Elective

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I

II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II

Subject
Code
EC60077
MA60015
ME60011
ME60079
ME60085
PH60027
CR60017
CR60015
IM60013
MS60039
MS60013
CR60011
PH60013

14

III, IV, V

CR60013

15

III, IV, V

CR60012

16
17

2
2

III, IV, V
III, IV, V

CR60016
CH60014

18

III, IV, V

EE60084

19

III, IV, V

ME60098

20

III, IV, V

ME60108

21
22

2
2

IV, V
III, IV, V

MT60068
IM60012

23

III, IV, V

MS60002

24

III, IV, V

MA60015

25

III, IV, V

CR60014

26
27

2
2

III, IV, V
III, IV, V

28
29
30
31
32

2
2
2
2
2

VI
VI
VI
VI
VI

Sl.
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13

Group

Elective Subjects

Semiconductor Devices and Modelling

Numerical Analysis
Fluid Mechanics
Engineering Design Optimization
Refrigeration Systems
Physical Methods in Testing of Materials
Cryo. Heat Transfer
Special Topics in Cryo. Engg. I
Production Management
Structure and Properties of Materials
Amorphous Semiconductors
Cryofuel Systems
Analytical Techniques

3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3

1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
1

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

4
4
4
4
4
4
3
4
4
3
4
4
4

3
3

0
1

0
0

3
4

3
3

0
1

0
0

3
4

CR30002
CR60024

Vacuum Techniques
Computer Aided Design of Cryogenic
Process Plants
Special Topics in Cryo. Engg. II
Process Dynamics and Control
Electrical
Engg.
Applications
of
Cryogenics
Gas Turbines and Jet Propulsion
Computer Aided Design and Computer
Graphics
Engineering Materials
Operations Research
Techniques
of
Materials
Characterization
Numerical Analysis
Design of Cryo. Equipment and
Accessories
Cryogenic Air Separation Process
Cryogenic Rocket propulsion

3
3

1
1

0
0

4
4

IM60051
HS60001
HS60002
HS60021
IM60014

Project Engineering and Management

Management of Human Resources
Manpower Economics
Organizational Behaviour
Networks and project Management

3
3
3
3

0
1
1
1

0
0
0
0

3
4
4
4

Course contents of Core Subjects

Cryogenic Systems
3 - 1 - 0 : 4 Credits

CR60001
Prerequsites: None

Review of Basic Thermodynamics, Properties of Cryogenic fluids, First and Second Law approaches to the study
of thermodynamic cycles, Isothermal, Adiabatic and Isenthalpic processes. Production of Low Temperatures:
Liquefaction systems, ideal, Cascade, Linde Hampson and Claude cycles and their derivatives; Refrigerators:
Stirling, Gifford-McMahon cycles and their derivatives. Cryogenic Insulations: Foam, Fibre, powder and
Multilayer. Applications of Cryogenics in Industry, Space Technology, Nuclear Technology, Biology and Medicine.

Cryophysics
3 - 1 - 0 : 4 Credits

CR60003
Prerequsites: None

Matter at low temperatures: specific heat, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, magnetic and mechanical
properties; Review of free electron and band theory of solids: Basic properties of Superconductors; out lines of
Ginzbarg Landau and Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer theories of superconductivity: Superconducing tunneling
phenomena; Introduction to type II superconductivity including flux flow and critical current density: High
temperature superconductivity. Properties of liquid 4He and 3He; Production of very low temperatures by
Adiabatic demagnetization, dilution refrigeration and nuclear demagnetization and their measurements.

Cryo. Mass Transfer and Separation Systems

3 - 1 - 0 : 4 Credits

CR60002
Prerequsites: None

Principles of Diffusion and Mass Transfer, Fick's Law of Diffusion, Molecular diffusion in fluids, mass transfer
coefficients in laminar and turbulent flow; mass, heat and momentum transfer analogies. Introduction to the
cryogenic gas separation and purification systems; principles of absorption, adsorption, condensation and
rectification;
ortho-para
conversion
of
hydrogen.
Adsorption
equilibria;
types
of
adsorbant;
adsorption/desorption cycles; PSA, TSA; steady state and dynamic adsorption; concept of break point and mass
transfer zone; design of fixed bed adsorption system for gas separation and purification. Phase equilibria and
phase rule; equilibrium stage operation; X-Y, T-X and H-X diagrams and their use; design of rectification
columns; different tray assemblies; types of column assemblies for cryogenic rectification; salient features of
large scale gas separation.

Superconducting Materials, Magnets and Devices

3 - 1 - 0 : 4 Credits

CR60004
Prerequsites: None

Review of critical current densities and critical magnetic fields of type II superconductors; Magneto-thermal
instabilities in type II superconductors; Concept of flux pinning mechanisms. Techniques of preparation of
superconducting materials of type Nb3Sn, V3Ga and ceramic superconductors in the form of wires and tapes;
Stabilization Criterion. Superconducting coil devices: Superconducting magnets, persistent current switches;
Basic concepts of superconducting bearings, motors and energy storage. Superconducting thin film devices:
negative resistance devices. Weak link devices including SQUIDS and its applications; infrared dectors.

Course contents on Electives I II

Cryo. Heat Transfer
3 - 0 - 0 : 3 Credits

CR60017
Prerequsites: None

Conductive Heat Transfer: Generalised solution of steady and unsteady conduction equations: Heat transfer
through composites and materials of variable thermal properties: Analytical and numerical methods; Conductive
Heat Transfer Problem: Insulation, Heat leakage and Cooldown looses; Fins and Heat Exchangers; Convective
Heat Transfer: Analysis and Theories; Evaluation of heat transfer and friction coefficients for Turbulent and
Laminar flow; Forced convection, Natural convection and near critical heat transfer regions; Two Phase
Phenomena: Physical description, Pool boiling, Critical heat flux, Condensation, Evaporation, Pressure drop of
Two Phase fluid, Forced convection with Two Phase flow, Superfluid heat transfer, Kapitza Resistance;
Radiation: Theory, Shape factor, Radiative Exchange.

Cryofuel Systems
3 - 1 - 0 : 4 Credits

CR60011
Prerequsites: None

Properties of Hydrocarbon Mixtures-equations of state, The Law of Corresponding States, transport properties.
Liquefied Petroleum Gas - properties, production and storage. Natural Gas-composition, source and
pretreatment. Liquefaction of natural gas - simple cascade, mixed refrigerant and turbine expansion cycles,
Ocean transport of LNG membrane and self-supporting tanks. Storage of LNG. Applications of NG and LNG and
safety aspects; Hydrogen - properties, production and pretreatment - Liquefaction of hydrogen - Linde, Claude
and helium - hydrogen condensing cycles, Ortho-para conversion. Storage and handling of liquefied hydrogen applications of hydrogen, and its safety.

Course contents on Electives III IV

Vacuum Techniques
3 - 1 - 0 : 4 Credits

CR60013
Prerequsites: None

Basic concepts of vacuum Classification of vacuum ranges and flow regimes - Pumping Speed, throughput and
conductance concepts, conductance calculations in viscous and molecular flow conditions - Physical and
chemical phenomena in vacuum systems - Production of medium, high and ultra high vacuum - Pressure
measurement in vacuum systems, residual gas analysis - Materials and components for vacuum and high
vacuum systems Fabrication of vacuum chambers/systems - Leak detection and troubleshooting of vacuum
systems - Applications of vacuum Technology in metallurgy, electronics, food and pharmaceutical industries Ultra high vacuum in space simulation and nuclear technology - Super insulated vacuum containers and transfer
lines for storage/transfer of cryogenic fluids

Computer Aided Design of Cryogenic Process

Plants
3 - 1 - 0 : 4 Credits

CR60012
Prerequsites: None

Introduction to computer aided design; simulation, design and optimization. Sequential modular simultaneous
solution method. Simulation of thermal systems. Thermodynamics and transport properties of Cryogenic fluids,
equations of state, vapour - liquid equlibria. MIPROPS, DDMIX AND ALLPROPS physical properties programs.
Cryogenic process plants, development of mass, momentum and energy balance equations. Introduction to
general and special purpose process plant simulators. Simulation of liquefiers and refrigerators based on Linde,
Claude and mixed refrigerant cycles using available process simulators. Computer aided design of heat
exchangers, expansion turbines and distillation columns

Design of Cryo. Equipment and Accessories

3 - 1 - 0 : 4 Credits

CR60014
Prerequsites: None

Mechanical and Thermal Properties of engineering materials at low temperatures; Components of Cryogenic
refrigerators and liquefiers; Compressors: types, construction and characteristics; Expansion machines:
characteristics of reciprocating and turbine expanders, design of J-T expander; Heat exchangers: theory,
types, design approaches and selection criteria, Irreversibilities in cryogenic Heat exchangers; Design of
cryogenic storage vessels, transfer devices, insulation system, valves; Characteristics of cryogenic pumps,
Instrumentation in cryogenic systems; Safety in cryogenic systems.

Cryogenic Air Separation Process

3 - 1 - 0 : 4 Credits

CR30002
Prerequsites: None

Definition of Air Separation, Specification and Application of Constituents of Air, Introduction to Cryogenic Air
Separation, Properties of Cryogenic Fluids, Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Materials at Cryogenic
Temperatures, Linde and Clude Cycles of Liquefaction and their Derivatives, Theory of Cryogenic Distillation,
Linde Single Column, Linde Double Column, Argon Separating Columns, Different Types of Air Separation Plants,
Plants Producing Gaseous Products, Plants Producing Liquid Products, Mass and Energy Balance in a Cryogenic
Air Separation Plants, Effects of changes of linlet Conditions on Plant Performance. Effects of Malfunctioning of
Cooling Tower, Water Pumps, Compressor, Intercooler and Aftercooler, Refrigeration Systems, CO2 and Moisture

removal systems, Expansion Devices, Cryogenic Pumps, Insulation, Storage Transfer and Transport Systems of
Overall Plant Performance. Case studies, Safety in Air Separation Plants.

Cryogenic Rocket Propulsion

3 - 1 - 0 : 4 Credits

CR60024
Prerequsites: None

Chemical rocket propulsion, Definitions and fundamentals: thrust, total impulse, specific impulse, mixture ratio,
bulk density, characteristics velocity, thrust to weight ratio, exhaust velocity, mass ratio, multistaging; Types of
chemical propellants: solid, liquid, hybrid, Physical properties of common earth storable propellants, semi-cryo
and cryogenic propellants; Pressure fed system sources of pressurising gas, Pump fed systems - engine
operating cycles, pumps and turbines general configuration, Fluid circuits of various cryogenic engines and
semi-cryogenic engines; Design of regeneratively cooled combustion chamber, film cooling, dump cooling,
transpiration cooling and radiation cooling. Design of expansion nozzle- characteristics, Design of injector
hydraulic characteristics; Engine thrust and mixture ratio control, Igniters, Propellant tanks, Valves: shut off
valve, flow control valves, check valve, isolation valve, relief valves, Common materials used in cryogenic
propulsion; Problems in storage and handling of cryogenic propellants: safety aspects, Thermal protection
systems for stage tanks, Thermal stratification- destratification, Geysering effect geysering elemination, Zero
g problems restart mechanism.

Laboratory Contents
Superconductivity and Low Temperature Physics
Lab.
0 - 0 - 3 : 2 Credits

CR69004
Prerequsites: None

Experiments on Temperature measurement and calibration, Physical properties of materials at Cryogenic

Temperature, Electrical and Magnetic properties of Superconductors, Vacuum Technology.

Cryogenic Engineering Lab.

0 - 0 - 3 : 2 Credits

CR69005
Prerequsites: None

Experiments on Heat and Mass transfer; Compression and expansion machinery and components of Cryogenic
Systems.

Cryogenic Systems Lab.

0 - 0 - 3 : 2 Credits

CR69003
Prerequsites: None

Experiments on cryogen production machines and associated equipment and instrumentation, closed cycle
refrigeration.