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Shafting

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Shafting
Shaftalignment
Opticalalignment

Atthefor'dendoftheengineroomalightboxemittinglightthroughapinholeis
fixedfromthedesignheightofthecrankshaft

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Usingthesightinggearinsternframebosswithsolidpiecefitted.Thesternframe
bossismarkedoffforboring.Thesolidpieceisthenexchangedforasightingpiece.
Asecondsightinggearwithsightingpieceisfittedtotheboreholeintheaftpeak
bulkhead.Thisisadjusteduntilthelightsourcecanbeseenthroughthebossandaft
peakbulkheadsightingpieces.Thesightingpieceisreplacedbythefixedpieceand
thebulkheadmaybemachined.Thesterntubeisscribedoutandthep.c.d.ofthe
boltswhichwillsupportthesterntubeflangemarkedoff.Asimilarprocedureus
repeatedforotherbulkheads.Whenboringoutiscompletedthesterntubeishauled
intoposition,woodpackingbeingfittedundertheflangebeforeboltingupattheaft
peakbulkhead,theexternalsterntubenutisscreweduphardmakingarigid
connectionattheafterend.Thetailendshaftisnowfittedintothesterntube,the
flangeofthetailendshaftisnowthestandardbywhichtheremaininglineshafting
willbealigned.
Thetrailingblock(ortowingblock),offitted,sometimesanordinaryplummerblockis
fitted(bearingmaterialallround)ismowfittedaroundtailendshaftusingfeelers
andwedging,chockedandboltedsown.Thebearingactsalsoasanauxiliarythrust
withalargeclearancesothatthereisnopossibilityofittakingoverfromthemain
thrustundernormalconditionsotherwisethetowingblockwouldshear.
Thistakestheformofasplitbrassringfittedtothefor'dendofthetowingblock
whichallowsthetailendshafttobedisconnectedfromtheintermediateshaftand
hencerotatefreelywhilsttheshipisunderextendedtowing.Theafterfaceofthe
connectingflangethenridesagainstthisbrassring.

Couplingrelationshipmethod
Therestoftheintermediateshaftingisdroppedintopositiononlowerhalfbearings
andusingtailendflangeasastandardtheyarelinedup.Thisisdonebyusing
feelersbetweenthefacesofadjoiningflanges,wedgingthelowerhalfbearingsuntil
facesareparallelwitha1/10mmgapbetween.
Aparallelblockisusedaroundtheperipheryoftheflanges.Theintermediate
bearingsarechockedupbycastironchocksabout50mmthickandbolteddown.
Couplingsarecontinuallyrechecked.Thethrustblockisnowalignedcouplingto
couplingandsecured.
Mainenginealignment
Bedplateandcrankshaftnowlandedonhardwoodblocksinapproximatelythe
position,slightlylowerthantrue.Itisnowraisedandjackedintopositionbylining
thematingcouplingsonthrustandcrankshaft.Castironchockthicknessnow
measured,asmallallowancebeingmadetoallowforindividualfittingafter
machining.Aseachchockfitteditscorrespondingstudboltisscrewedthroughto
engineseatingandsecuredtoptobottom.Checksmadetoensurethatshaft
alignmentismaintained,interferencefitcouplingboltsfittedandnutsscrewedup.
Itshouldbeunderstoodthattheliningupoftheshaftwillonlybetrueforonesetof
conditionssuchasonthebuildingstocksorfloatinginalightcondition.During
servicewithvariableloadingsomehoggingandsaggingtakesplacebutthereis
sufficientflexibilityintheshaftsystemtotakecareofthisvariation.Anybearing
whichrunschronicallyhotisalmostcertainlyduetobadinitialalignment.
Opticalsightlinemethod
Thismethodusesamicroalignmenttelescopewhichgeneratesasightlinebetween
anilluminatedreflectivetargetatoneendoftheshaftingandthetelescopemounted
attheotherend.Thesightlineisgeneratedatauniformheightabovetheshaft
verticallyabovethecentrelineoftheshaft.Amovablescaleortargetisemployedon
theintermediateshaftatbearingsupportpointstomeasuredistancefromshaftto
thesightline.Thereflectivetargetandmovablescaleconsistsofamagnetic'v'block
fittedwithtransverseinclinometerandverticalstandwithmicrometerandscale.
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Lasersystem
Similartoopticalarrangementexceptthatalaserhousinggeneratesacollimated
redlaserbeamabovetheshaftwhichisdetectedbyacentringdetectorattheother
endoftheshafting.Amovingscaledetectorisusedatintermediatebearingposition.

Tautwiremethod(Pilgrimswire)
Consistsofsteelwireanchoredaboveshaftatoneendofsystemandledoverapulley
withsuspendedweightattheotherend.
Theheightofthepulleyandfixedanchorageareadjustedsothattheyarethesame
distanceabovetheshaftandarepositionedverticallyovertheshaftcentreline.A
microstaffisemployedtomeasurethedifferencesinheightatbearingsupportpoints
betweenshaftsandwire,anallowancebeingmadeforwiresag.
Amasterinclinometerisemployedtomonitorshipsmovementduringthealigning
process.

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Bearingloadmethod

Topcoveroffandhorizontalalignmentcheckedbymeasuringthesideclearancesof
theshaftwithinthebearings.Byusingthesystemshowntheshaftiscarefully
jackedupandagraphplotted.Initiallyacurvewillbeplottedastheshipsstructure
stressrelievesitselffromtheweightoftheshafting,shaftstillsittingonbearing
material.
Whencurveassumesastraightlineshafthasleftbearingandinordertoavoid
damagingtheshaftonlysufficientplotswillbetakentoestablishtheslopeofthe
straightline.Theslopeofthelineforeachbearingisputintoacomputerprogram
whichestablishestheshaftsystemcharacteristic.

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Couplingbolts
Elongationofabarproducesarelatedreductionincrosssectionalarea.
Abarwiththesameelasticpropertiesinalldirectionswillhaveaconstant
relationshipbetweenaxialstrainandlateralstrain.ThisistermedthePoissons
Ratioandgivenbythesymboln.
Aboltwhentightenedsimilarlycausesalossinareaanddiameter.Inaclearance
holethisisnotaproblem.Withafittedbolthowever,thepositivecontactor'fit'
betweentheaccuratelymachinedboltandreamedholewouldbeaffected.
Shaftcouplingboltsaretightenedtoforcethefacesoftheflangetogethersothe
frictionbetweenthefaceswillprovidesomeproportionofthedrive.However,
fittedboltshanksarealsodesignedtotakeaproportionofthedrive.Aclearance
boltcouldprovidethefirstrequirementbutnotthesecond.Afittedboltwhen
tightenedandsubjecttoreductionincrosssectionwouldalsofailonthesecond
countandprobablybedamagedbyfretting.Ataperedboltmaybeusedinstead
ofaconventionalcouplingbolttoobtainagoodfitandrequiredtightening.
Taperfitbolt

Parallelshankfittedbolts
haveInterferencefitinholessothatintheeventoflossoffrictionalgripbetween
flangestheneachboltwilltakeonequalshareoftheshearstressduetotorque
transmission.
Parallelboltsbecomeslackafteroneortworefits.Thereforetapershankbolts
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Parallelboltsbecomeslackafteroneortworefits.Thereforetapershankbolts
havebeenused.Analternativeisthesleevedcouplingbolts.

Thefitoftheboltisachievedbythetensioningofthetapershankbolt.Should
wearoccurinthesleevethenthiscanberenewed,reusingtherestofthe
assembly.
Hydraulicallyfittedbolts.

Thepilgrimormargriphydraulicboltusestheprincipalembodiedbypoissonsratio
toprovideacalculatedanddefinitefittingforcebetweenboltandhole.
Centerloadrodfittedintohollowcouplingboltandhydraulicheadfitted.High
pressureoilpumpedintoheadpushingdown,seal,pistonandrod.Thisaction
stretchesthebolt(withinitselasticlimit)andreducesitsdiametersufficientlyfora
slidingfitintothehole.Fluidpressureisreleasedallowingbolttoexpandandtightly
gripwithintheholewitharadialgripofabout2.36Kg/mm2.Simultaneously
longitudinalcontractionofthebolthavingalreadyfittedthenuthandtight,exerts
considerablecompressiveforcewhichisabout21/2xgreaterthanthatwhichcan
beachievedbynormaltorquetightening.
Hydraulicheadandloadingrodnowremovedandaprotectivecapandsealscrewed
backon
Advantages
Reductioninfittinganddismantlingtime,boltscanbeusedrepeatedly,no
replacementsrequired,knownloadsapplied

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Tailshaftkeysandkeyways
KEYSANDKEYWAYSThereareapproximately100reportedcasesperyearofpartial
ortotaltailshaftfailureand200reportedcasesoflostprops.Causesofthisare
quotedasinadequateforcefitbetweenpropandtailshaftcausinglossofperipheral
gripwhichallowsproptomoveandmakecontactwithkey.Thiscausesexcessive
dynamicloadtofallonkeyandshaftadjacenttokeyway.Thiscausesincipient
cracks(smallandsuperficial)whichusuallybeginathighstressconcentrationareas
i.e.aroundtheleadingedgeofthekeyway

ThesefatiguefailuresmaybecorrosionN.B.Temperaturevariationsinseawatercan
altertheforcefits
KeysandKeyways
Abruptchangesofshapeofsectioncausestressconcentrationstobuildupdueto
interruptionofthestressflowlines.
Thisbuildupinstresscausescrackstodevelopandsupportscrackpropagation.
Withthisinminditcanbeseenthatshapesorsectionswhichmaybesubjectto
greatstressesshouldbewellroundedorgraduallytaperedofftogivesmoothstress
flow.

Roundendkeysusedandthekeywayinpropbossandconeofthetailshaftaretobe
providedwithasmoothfilletatbottomofkeyways,filletradiusatleast0.0125of
shaftdiameterattopofcone.Sharpedgesattopofkeywaytoberemoved.Two
screwpinssecurekeyinkeywayandthefor'dpinshouldbeatleast1/3ofkey
lengthfromfor'dend.Pinholesshouldhaveadepthnotexceedingpindiameter.
Holeedgesbevelled.

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Sterntubes
Waterlubricatedbearings

Thesterntubeisnormallyconstructedofcastironslightlylargerattheforward
endtoeaseremoval.Theforwardendisflangedandboltedtoadoublerplate
stiffenedaftpeakbulkhead.Theforwardendissuppliedwithastuffingboxand
gland,theafterendwithabearingcomprisinglignumvitaeorsimilar,thewoodis
dovetailedintoabrassbush,thewoodismachinedandcutonendgrain.Canbe
linedwithLignumVitae,rubbercomposition(cutlassrubber)oranapproved
plasticmaterial(Certainplasticspossessgoodbearingpropertiesbeinginertand
verytolerantofslowspeedboundarylubricationconditions.Cresylicresinbonded
asbestossuchasRailcoWA80Hgivegoodresultsinconditionofheavywater
contaminationinthelubricatingoilofalmost100%)
Forwaterlubricatedbearingnotlessthan4xthediameterofthesteelshaft.If
thebearingisover380mmdiameterforcedwaterlubricationmustbeused,a
circulatingpumporothersourcewithawaterflowindicator.
Theshaftiswithdrawnforexaminationevery3years.
ModernWatertolerantoillubricatedsternTube
WiththeincreaseinsizeofVLCC'sshippingcompaniesrequiredasterntube
bearingcapableofoperatingwithhighdegreesofwatercomtamination.Thealloys
inwhitemetaltendtooxidiseandtheclearanceisremovedleadingtoseizure.In
additionasshaftrevsreducedinsearchofimprovedpropellerefficiencythe
hydrodynamicforcesavailablebecomelimitedforoilfilmgeneration.
ForthisreasonRailcoWA80Hbearingswheredeveloped.Thesecontaineda
phenolicresinimpregnatedasbestosyarn.Thenextgenerationcontainednon
asbestosmaterial.Thismaterialtendedtobetainteddueaseriesofoverheating
problems.(laterfoundduetothecombinationofstiffhighpowertransfershafts
andflexiblehulldesign).
ThemodernmaterialiscalledSternSafeandcomprisesaninnerbearingsurface
withanoverwoundouterlayer.Thishasgreatertolerancetooverheatingand
reducedswellintheeventofwatercontamination.Thelatterallowsforreduced
runningclearanceandtherebygreatercontroloftheshaftpositionreducingoil
loss,sealdamageandwateringress.
Aweargaugeisincorporatedintothebearingasourtemperaturesensors.
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Aweargaugeisincorporatedintothebearingasourtemperaturesensors.

Oillubricatedbearings

Unlikeforthewaterlubricatedsterntubeashaftlinerisunnecessary.Generallya
smalloneisfittedinwayoftheaftsealboltedontothepropellerboss.Inthis
wayitexcludesseawatercontactwiththemainshaftandprovidesaneasily
replaceablerubbingsurfacefortheseal.Linedwithwhitemetalaretohavea
bearinglengthsoasnottoexceedabearingpressurefromtheweightofthe
shaftandpropellerof5kg/cm2.Thelimitationsofabearingaretheloaditcan
withstandwithoutmetalcrackingorsqueezingoutandthetemperatureitcan
withstandwithoutmelting.Lengthofbearingnotlessthan2Dinanycase.
Castironandbronzebearingsmusthaveabearinglengthnotlessthan4D.
Lubricationsystemmustbecapableofmaintainingoiltightnessdespitevarying
temperature.Gravitytanksfittedwithlowlevelalarms,Usualforaftpeaktobe
filledwithwatertoprovidecoolinglowsuctionvalvetobefittedtobelocked
shut.
Weardownforthewhitemetalshouldnotexceed2mmtoavoidhammeringout
andtheperiodforinspectionis6years.Ahighlyresilientreinforcedplasticmay
beusedinplaceofthewhitemetal.Itisclaimedtohavegreaterloadcarrying
capacity,highresistancetofatigueandshockloading,withgoodlubrication
properties.Ceramiclinerscanalsobeused

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ThissystemdependsuponHydrostaticlubricationsterntubeoilchargeremaining
insterntubeuntilpressuretestiscarriedputtoensurethatoilsupplylineisnot
blocked.Thisisdonebymanipulationofvalvesatheadertankandoperationof
pumpwhichslightlyoverpressurisessterntube.Oilreturningtotankindicating
clearoillines.Tophalfofwhitemetalbearingisusuallymachinedtogivealeft
handandrighthandhelix,thisgivesasmallpumpingpressureforwardtoaftto
providelubricationandtoassistinmaintainingoiltightnessoftheoilseals.
Ifoutboardsealleaks,thefollowingstepsaretobetaken
1.Freshwateringravitytanktoemulsifyandcoagulateit,oil
pumpedaroundsystemtosealandlubricated.
2.Rechargewithhighviscosityoil
3.disconnectoilsupplylineandreconnectto45gallondrum
whichissupportedbyblockandtackleinordertogivea
variablehead.Byraisingandloweringthedrumtheoilpressure
inthesystemcanbemadetomatchthewaterpressurefrom
outside(takingintoaccountthedifferenceingravities.
Whenlargepropellersarefittedtheheavyoverhangingweightgreatlyincreases
theloadattheafterendofthesterntubebreakingdownthehydrostatic
lubricationcausingmetaltometalcontactandseizuretowardstheaftendof
bearing.Toobviatethisitisusualtoangletheshaftdownwardsforabout8mm
over100mlengththusattemptingtoensurethantheweightofthebearingis
takenonthefulllengthofthebearing.Itisgoodpracticetoleavetheoiltank
opentothesterntubewheninportwithmachinerystopped,thispreventssea
waterleakingintothesystem.However,waterhasbeenknowntocontaminate
lubricatingoilsystemscausingrustingoftailshaftparticularlywhenshaftis
stoppedforperiodslongenoughforwatertosettleinbottomofbearing.Fitonly
waterseparatorI,e,acoalescerorcyclonicorosmosissystem.
Inshipswithlargechangesindraughtitisusualtofittwogravitytanks.The
uppertankisusedwhenfullyloadedorthereiswaterleakingin.
Waterbasedoilreplacements
Availablearewaterbasedsterntubelubricantshavingtheadvantagesofoilbut
withamoreecofriendlyface.Theselubricantsmusthaveanadequateviscosity,
resistancetoseawatercontaminationaswellasbiodegradability.
Theytypicallyhaveawatercontentgreaterthan90%andarehighlysoluble.
Frictionisreducedincomparisontoequivalentmineraloil/whitemetalbearing.
Otherbenefitsincludeincreasedheattransferratesandbetterprotectionagainst
galvaniccorrosionofdissimilarmetalsfoundintheshaft/proparrangement.The
fluidhasnomeasurableflashpoint.

Simplexshaftseal

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Averycommonarrangementforoillubricatedsterntubebearings.Asimplexseal
arrangementisfittedtobothinnerandouterends.
Thereplaceablechromelinerpreventsdamagetothepropshaftwhichwouldbe
expensivetorepair.
Notshowisaropeguardbolttothehullwhichpreventsmaterialfrombeing
'wound'intothegapanddamagingtheseal.Ropecuttersmaybefittedwitha
fixedbladeattachedtothehullandamovingbladetothepropeller.
Oilpressureisfedtotheareabetweenthetwooppositefacingseals.This
pressureisgovernedbythedraughtofthevesselandisoftensuppliedviatanks
situatedatsetheights.Thispressurebalancestheseawaterpressureontheseal
andpreventsseawateringress,byopeningthecorrecttankthepressureexerted
bytheoilisinsufficienttocauseoiltoleakageout.
Sterntubesealswithoillubricationhavetendedtouserubberringsincreasingly.
Fluoricrubber(Viton)withadditiveshasbeenshowntobemoreeffectivethan
nitrilebutadienerubberforsealrings

FittingShaftsealsinservice.
Itispossibletoreplacelipsealswithoutremovalofthetailshaftbyvulcanising
splitsealsontheshaft.
Theoldsealisremovedandtheshaftandhousingcarefullycleaned
Aprecutsealisassembledintothevulcanisingmachine

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Thevulcanisingmachineisthensetupofftheshaftandthepositionoftheseal
checked.

Thevulcanisingagentismixedandappliedtothesealends

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Thevulcanisingmachineisthenfittedtotheshaftandconnectedtoanelectrical
supply.Aheaterwithinthemachineheatsthesealtoapredetermined
temperatureforasettimedeterminedbyambienttemperature,materialtype
etc

Splittypesterntube(Rossturnbull)
Mainadvantageofthissystemisthattailendshaft,sterntubebearingand
tappedboltscanbeinspectedwithoutdrydocking.Systemallowssterntubeto
bedrawnintothevesselforinspection
Thebottomhalfbearingissupportedonchockswhichinturnrestontwoford
andaftmachinedsurfaceswithinsterntubeboss,thesechocksgoverntheheight
ofshafting.Adetachablearchisattachedtothelowerbearingandcarriesthe
outboardoilseal,thefaceofwhichcomesintocontactwithasealseatwhichis
fastenedtoandrotateswithtailshaftflange.
Thetophalfofthebearingmodulemakesasealonthefaceofthearchanda
sealalongthehorizontaljointonthebearing.Thebearingisheldinplace
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sealalongthehorizontaljointonthebearing.Thebearingisheldinplace
verticallyby4x50tonnepilgrimtypejacks,thesejacksalsoholdthetwohalf
bearingstogether.Lateralpositioningisby4x30tonnepilgrimtypejacks,two
eachside.
Arunningtrackisarrangedabovethebearingforeasyremovaloftophalf.A
rolledraceskidisprovidedsothatthebottomhalfcanbetransported.
RemovalThehydromechanicalsealisactuatedmakingasealonthefordfaceof
thepropellerandlockedmechanicallyinposition.Thespaceisthendrainedof
water.
Tophalfofbearingcanthenberemovedbytakingoutthetopverticaljacksand
usingtheliftingjacktoallowthetophalftobebroughtinboardontherunning
track.Thesejacksarenowfittedunderthelowerhalfbearingtoraisebearing
andshaftsufficienttoallowthechockstoberemoved.
Thejacksarethenlowereduntilthepropellerrestonthepropellerrestbuiltinto
thesternframe.Furtherloweringallowsthebearingtomoveawayfromtheshaft
untilbearingisrestingonrollerskids.Thelowerhalfbearingcompletewithoil
sealcanthenberemovedintothevesselforexamination.
Reversingtheprocedureenablesthebearingtobereplaced
OddfactsAntivibrationlockinggearfittedtojacknuts.AswithaCPPitisusual
tofitaflangemountedpropellereliminatingtaperandkeywaywiththere
associatedproblems.Thetapboltssecuringpropellertotailshaftflangecanbe
removedoneatatime,crackdetectedandreturnedtotheirworkingposition.
Stressesintailshafts
Duetotheconsiderableweightofthepropeller,thetailshaftissubjecttoa
bendingstress.Therearehoweverotherstresseswhicharelikelytobe
encountered.Thereisatorsionalstressduetothepropellerresistanceandthe
engineturningmoment,andacompressivestressduetothepropthrust.All
thesestressescoupledwiththefactthattheshaftmaybeincontactwithhighly
corrosiveseawatermakesthelikelihoodofcorrosionattackhighlyprobable.
Examiningatailshaftandsterntube
Beforetheperiodicinspectionthebearingweardownshouldbe
measured.
Aftershaftremovedgiventhoroughexamination.
Onwaterlubricatedshaftstheintegrityofthefitofthebronzeliner
shouldbecheckedbytappingwithahammeralongitslength
listeningforhollownoiseindicatingaseparation.
Measurewearofshaft.
Examinekeywayforcracksespeciallythenutthreadarea.
replacerubberrings

ShaftBearings
Theintermediateshaftingifsupportedinplainortiltingpadbearings,hasanafter
mostbearingwhichislinedtopandbottom.Rollerbearingsareinstalledinmany
vessels.

Plainandtiltingpadbearings
Theshaftsupportedinaplainjournalbearing,willasitrotates,carryoiltoits
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Theshaftsupportedinaplainjournalbearing,willasitrotates,carryoiltoits
undersideanddevelopafilmofpressure.Thepressurebuildupisrelatedtospeed
ofrotation.Thusoildeliveredastheshaftturnsatnormalspeed,willseparate
shaftandbearing,sopreventingmetaltometalcontact.Pressuregeneratedinthe
oilfilm,iseffectiveoveraboutonethirdofthebearingareabecauseofoillossat
thebearingendsandperipherally.Loadissupportedandtransmittedtothe
journal,bytheareawherethefilmisgenerated.Theremainingtwothirdsarea
doesnotcarryload
Replacementoftheineffectivesideportionsofthejournalbypadscapableof
carryingloadwillconsiderablyincreaseitscapacity.Tiltingpadsbasedonthose
developedbyMitchellforthrustblocksareusedforthepurpose.Eachpadtiltsas
oilisdeliveredtoitsothatawedgeoroilisformed.Thethreepressurewedges
givealargertotalsupportareathanthatobtainedwithaplainbearing.Thetiltof
thepadsautomaticallyadjuststosuitload,speedandoilviscosity.Thewedgeof
oilgivesagreaterseparationbetweenshaftandbearingthandoestheoilfilmina
plainjournal.Theenhancedloadcapacityofatiltingpaddesignpermitstheuseof
shorterlengthorlessbearings

Anybearinginstability,regardlessofitsnatureiscalled'oilwhip'.
Bearinginstabilityfallsintotwotypes
1.Halffrequencywhirl
2.Resonantwhip
Themosteffectivebearingtopreventoilwhipanddampenshaftvibrationisthe
tiltingandmultipleshoebearing.
Oilfilmoperatesatalowertemperaturethanacomparablefullsleevedbearing.
Tiltingpadbearingsareincommonuseonsteamturbines,highspeedreduction
gears,centrifugalcompressorsandlineshafting.

SplitShaftbearings

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InnerRingRotatinginnerringisintwohalveswithascarfordiagonaljointso
thatthetendencyofthejointtoopenduetotheweightoftheshaftisreduced
whenthejointisatbottomcentre.Thescarfalsoallowsmoreprogressivetransition
oftherolleroverthejointreducingnoiseandvibration
CageAndrollersThecageandrollersareinamatchedpairwithadiagonalsplit
PedestalCapClampsthespltcartridge.Thejointissphericalallowingupto21/2'
ofswivelwithouteffect.
SplitcartrdigeIslocatedbydowelsandholdstheouterringinposition.radial
socketscrewattachtheouterringsecurelytothesplitcartridge
ClampingringThisrotatingringsecuresthesplitinnerringassemblyandis
joinedbysocketheadscrews
Clearanceexistsbetweentheinnerringandthesplitcartridge.Thisallows
movementoftheshaftbetweenthrustpadsduringaheadandasternmovements.
Thisalsoallowsforthermalexpansionoftheshaft.
Planewhitemetalbearingsofferarelativelyhighfrictionalresistancetorollingbut
arecheapandnotsubjecttobrinellingorcorrosion.
Rollerbearingsareexpensivebutofferlittleresistancetorolling.However,theyare
susceptibletobrinellingwhenstationary.
Theabovedesignremovesthemajordisadvantageofassemblingthebearingonto
theshaftwhichwouldnormallyrequireshaftremoval.

SKF(Muff)coupling

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Outsidedia'satendofoutermuffmeasuredbeforefitting
Afterfitted,dia'sshouldbeapprox.0.5mmgreaterRestrainingdevicesmustbe
fittedtopreventthemuffsseparatingtooquickly

Emergencyasternarrangement

Thisisfittedtoships,thepurposeofwhichistopreventtheshaftfromslippingoutof
thesterntubeifthemuffcouplingshouldfail.Itspurposeisnottotransmittorque.

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