Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Fluids
Free to move about
with respect to each other
Basic Principles
Conservation of Energy
Within a system, energy is neither created nor destroyed but
may be converted from one form to another.
Pressure
Definition
Fluid Pressure is
the equal and
opposite force
applied by the
vessel as the
molecule
rebounds from
the boundary.
Importance
Variations and
differences in
pressure between
two points are
important in mine
ventilation
surveys.
Types of Pressure
Here absolute
pressure is not
usually considered,
rather the gauge
pressure is used.
Absolute pressure
= atmospheric
pressure + gauge
pressure
Pressure Measurement
Aneroid Barometer
Bernoullis Equation
p1 p2
v12 v22
z1 z2 g
0
2
Bernoullis Equation
Based on the principle of conservation of energy
Total Energy1 = Total Energy2 + Energy Loss
Head
static
p1
2
1
Head
potential
2
2
v
p2 v
z1
z2 H l
2g
2g
Head
velocity
Head
loss
Mine Head
Mine head is difference of pressure which is
needed in order to provide certain amount of air
into the mine
Mine Velocity
Head (Mine Hv)
Principal of Airflow
Flow of fluids happens since there is different pressure occurred
between two points in a system. Energy given to have steady flow, is used to
emerge the difference of pressure and to overcome the head loss.
Shock Loss is
the loss resulted
from change of
flow or channels
diameter
Friction
Loss illustrates
the head loss in
linear flow through
channel with
constant diameter
Friction Loss
Friction Loss
Airflow
Velocity
Coarseness
of the
opening
Dimension
of the
opening
Characteris
tics of the
opening
L V2
Hl f .
D 2g
Configu
ration of
the
opening
KPLQ 2
Hf
A3
Shock Loss
Shock loss occurs as a result of change in direction of the flow, or in crosssection of the channel. It is an addition to friction loss and is about 10% to
30% of head loss.
Direct Calculation
Derived from velocity head,
H x XH v
Le
2 gK
Friction Factor, K
Values of K x 10-10
Type of
Airway
Irregulariti
es of
Surfaces,
Areas, and
Aligment
Straight
Sinuous or Curved
Clean
(basic
value)
Slightly
Obstruc
ted
Moderate
ly
Obstruct
ed
Slightly
Moderately
High Degree
Clean
Slightly
Obstruct
ed
Modera
tely
Obstru
cted
Clean
Slightly
Obstruct
ed
Moderat
ely
Obstruct
ed
Clean
Slightly
Obstruc
ted
Modera
tely
Obstru
cted
Smooth
lined
Minimum
Average
Maximum
10
15
20
15
20
25
25
30
35
20
25
30
25
30
35
35
40
45
25
30
35
30
35
40
40
45
50
35
40
45
40
45
50
50
55
60
Sedimen
tary rock
Minimum
Average
Maximum
30
55
70
35
60
75
45
70
85
40
65
80
45
70
85
55
80
95
45
70
85
50
75
95
60
85
100
55
80
95
60
85
100
70
95
110
Timbered
Minimum
Average
Maximum
80
95
105
85
100
110
95
110
120
90
105
115
95
110
120
105
120
130
95
110
120
100
115
125
110
125
135
105
120
130
110
125
135
120
135
145
Minimum
Average
Maximum
90
145
195
95
150
200
105
160
210
100
155
205
105
160
210
115
165
220
105
160
210
110
165
215
120
175
225
115
170
220
120
175
225
130
195
235
(5ft
centers)
Igneous
rock