71.

Shown below is the gas-phase structure of alanine determined by microwave

spectroscopy [From S. Blanco, A. Lesarri, J. C. Lopez, and J. L. Alonso, The GasPhase Structure of Alanine, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 11675].

Which of the following is TRUE for the molecular geometry of alanine?

A. Using Atom 1 as the center of a group, the molecular geometry is bent.
B. Using Atom 2 as the center of a group, the molecular geometry is
tetrahedral.
C. Using Atom 3 as the center of a group, the molecular geometry is T-shaped.
D. Using Atom 4 as the center of a group, the molecular geometry is square planar.
72. Derivatives of the compound tetrahydro-imidazo[4,5,1-jk][1,4]-benzodiazepine2(1H)-one and thione, as shown below, inhibit the enzyme reverse transcriptase,
which catalyses the conversion of retroviral RNA to DNA. This drug is used to treat
AIDS and Hepatitis A.

How many sigma bonds are present in this molecular structure?

A. 23
B. 29
C. 18
D. 41

73. The structure of the visual pigment retinal is shown below. How many pi bonds
are present in the structure?

A. 4
B. 5
C. 6
D. 7
74-75 Refer to the molecular structure of the xanthophyll Zeaxanthin, whose name
was derived from Zea mays or the common yellow corn, shown below. Photons
enter the eye through the cornea, pass through the ocular fluid that fills the eye,
and fall on the retina. The ocular fluid is principally water, and passage of light
through this medium is largely responsible for the chromatic aberration of the eye,
the blurring of the image as a result of different frequencies being brought to
slightly different focuses. The chromatic aberration is reduced to some extent by the
tinted region called the macular pigment that covers part of the retina. The
pigments in this region are the carotene-like xanthophylls, which absorb some of
the blue light and hence help sharpen the image. They also protect the
photoreceptor molecules from too great a flux of potentially dangerous high-energy
photons. The xanthophylls have delocalized electrons that spread along the chain of
conjugated double bonds, and the pi-to-pi transition lies in the visible region.

74. What is the chemical formula of Zeaxanthin?

A. C40H52O2
B. C40H54O2
C. C40H56O2
D.C40H58O2
75. Which functional group is not present in the structure?
A. alcohol
B. alkene
C. alkane
D. alkyne

76. Find the pH of 0.050 M trimethylammonium chloride if the pK a of

trimethylammonium ion is 9.799.

A. 5.50
B. 5.55
C. 5.60
D. 5.17
77. What is the pH of a solution that is 0.400 M in formic acid and 1.00 M in sodium
formate? Ka of formic acid is 1.80 x 10-4.
A. 4.14
B. 4.17
C. 4.26
D. 4.31
78. Calculate the pH of a solution that is 0.200 M in NH 3 and 0.300 M in NH4Cl. Ka of
ammonium ion is 5.70 x 10-10.
A. 9.03
B. 9.07
C. 9.14
D. 9.19
79. Calculate the hydronium ion concentration in 0.120 M nitrous acid if K a is 7.1 x
10-4.
A. 8.9 x 10-3 M
B. 9.6 x 10-3 M
C. 8.9 x 10-4 M
D. 9.6 x 10-4 M
80. Calculate the hydronium ion concentration in a solution that is 2.0 x 10 -4 M in
aniline hydrochloride, with Ka of 2.51 x 10-5.
A. 5.64 x 10-5 M
B. 5.74 x 10-5 M
C. 5.84 x 10-5 M
D. 5.94 x 10-5 M