Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Team
#11
:Team Members
Asem Kasasbeh
31419118123
Mohammad Melhem
31319118065
Mohammad Kanakri
31319118024
Mohammad Yaqoub
31319118501
:Contents
Introduction
Mechanism For Car Window
Mechanism For Engine
Mechanism For Transmission
Mechanism For Drive Shaft
Mechanism For Steering system
Introduction
Mechanism is when many parts working together
to create a motion for a transmission, such as in
automobile, the car engine creates a power to the
transmission, in order to move the car. The basic
mechanisms of an automobile are explained using
the components of the first-generation Crown.
Simply the mechanism in general is to transforms
input forces into the desired of output force, by
moving components such as gears, belt, chains,
.cam,..etc
Spark Plug
spark plug is an electrical device that creates an artificial bolt
of lightning within cylinder head of the engine, simply it
initiates the spark to create combustion. The electricity must
be at a very high voltage in order to travel across the gap
and create a good spark. Voltage at the spark plug can be
anywhere from 40,000 to 100,000 volts. Figure 1 shows a
.spark plug cutaway and its main parts
Figure (1)
Valves
Theres two main types of Valves The intake and exhaust
valves. The intake valve opens to let in air and fuel in noninjected cars, and only air in injection cars, and the exhaust
valves to let out the burned gases out of the engine. So
more valves in the car engines means high performance.
.Figure 2 shows the intake and exhaust valves
Figure (2)
Piston
A piston is a cylindrical piece of metal located in the top of the
cylinder and moves up and down inside the cylinder, it is one of
the most important parts of an engine, because it is the
mechanisms that contains the engines energy. The pistons come
in many different sizes and materials to fit the cylinder and to
make and proper compression. Figure 3 shows a sample of
.piston
Figure (3)
Piston Rings
As we noticed from their names, they are rings around the pistons,
they are fitting the grooves surrounding, in order to regulate the oil
consumption, conduct heat from piston to cylinder, prevent
transferring gases from combustion chamber to the crank, and
provide a sliding seal between the outer
edge of the piston and the inner edge of the cylinder. The Piston
Rings simply two types: the oil control rings and compression rings.
.Figure 4 shows the rings and how they are placing around
Figure (4)
Connecting Rod
A rod is transmitting motion from moving part to
another, the connecting rod in car engine is connecting
the crankshaft to the piston, there are different
materials for the connecting rods, the most common are
.Steel and Aluminum. figure 5 shows connecting rod
Figure (5)
Cranks Shaft
The crankshaft is one of the major parts in the car engine
that powers the drive wheels, the crankshaft converts the
linear energy into rotational energy, all pistons are
connected to the crankshaft by the connecting rods. Figure
.6 shows an example of crankshaft
Figure (6)
Sump
The sump surrounds the crankshaft. It stores some amount
of oil, which collects in the bottom of the sump, from this
sump the oil pumped to the engine parts in order lubricate
these parts, by different type of lubrication system, and the
most known is oil pump. Figure 7 shows the sump, to make
.it much clear
Figure (7)
:Compression Stroke( 2
in this stroke the valves close, and crankshaft moves the piston up,
.compressing the fuel-air mixture
:Combustion Stroke( 3
When the piston reaches the top, the spark plug sparks, igniting the
fuel-air mixture.
: 4) Exhaust stroke
When the piston reaches the bottom, the exhaust valve opens up,
then the piston comes back up and forcing the exhaust out of the
. cylinder
Figure (8)
Figure (9)
Moreover, some cars have only one camshaft and cars with 16
valves have two camshafts controls the intake and exhaust
valves on inline engines, and two camshafts on the V-shaped
engines, one camshaft to control the valves on a side and the
other camshaft to control the valves on the next side, figure
.10 clears both of the engine shapes
Figure (10)
Figure (11)
Figure 13
the input shaft takes the power from the engine into the
gearbox, after that the selector rods and forks move the
synchromesh unit back and forth, according to which gear is
selected. The lay shaft transmits drive from input to the main
shaft when the a constantly meshed gear is locked to the
main shaft (or output shaft), and the main shaft transmits
drive from the lay shaft to the propeller shaft, as it shown in
.the figure shown, which is a manual gearbox
Figure (14)
Figure (15)
Figure (16)
Figure (17)
Figure (18)
Steering System
When we turn the steering wheel in the car, the wheels turn,
this movement because of a system called steering system,
which is a group of parts that transmit the movement of the
steering wheel to the front, primary purpose of the steering
.system is to allow the driver to guide the vehicle
The steering system converts the rotation of the steering
wheel into a swiveling movement of the road wheels in such
a way that the steering-wheel rim turns a long way to move
.the road wheels a short way
The steering wheel is connected to the upper steering shaft,
and its fixed at the steering upper shaft through the wheel
steering hub. This connection is to make the steering wheel
moving the steering arm to generate the movement. The
next figure shows the upper shaft under the steering wheel
.inside the car
Figure (19)
And the next shows the steering wheel and its hub and how will be
.fixed at the upper shaft
After this connection, now rotating the steering wheel right or left
will rotate the steering column, which is at the end of this column
there is a universal joint connected to the lower shaft, in order to
make the rotation easier. As its shown in the figure 20, the steering
.column and the shaft
Figure (20)
Figure 21
Figure (22)
We recognize that the connection is done by the pinion and rack, which
they are perpendicular to each other, and when the rotating come from
the steering wheel and rotating the steering column, after that the lower
shaft will also rotate to make movement of the steering arm, which
makes the road wheels moving left or right, according to the required
.motion