Lesson 8 SOLIDS OF

REVOLUTION AND COMPOSITE

SOLIDS
Week 10
MATH13-1
Solid Mensuration

Circular or Ring Torus

A doughnut-shaped, three dimensional figure
generated by revolving a circle about an axis in
its plane, but not intersecting the circle itself.
The line drawn through the center of torus is
the axis of torus, also called the axis of
rotation.
The radius of the cross-section r of the
tube is the radius of the rotating circle.
The radius of torus R is the distance from
the center of the cross-section to the axis of
torus.
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Circular or Ring Torus

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Surface Area and Volume of

Torus

Surface Area

S = 42rR
Volume

V = 22r2R

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Circular Paraboloid
A solid formed by revolving a parabola
about its axis.
The line containing the vertex and the
focus of the parabola is the axis of
parabola, or the axis of rotation.
Every section perpendicular to the axis is
a circle.

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Volume of One-Base
Paraboloid
V = r2h

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Volume of Two-Base
Paraboloid
V = h(a2 + b2)

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Volume of an Ellipsoid

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Types of Ellipsoid
Spheroid
a = b c
May be generated by rotating an ellipse
about one of its axes.
All sections perpendicular to the axis of
rotation are circles.
All sections parallel to the axis of rotation
are ellipses.
Sphere is a special case for which a = b =
c = R.
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Types of Ellipsoid
Oblate Spheroid
An ellipse rotated about its minor axis.
a = b > c and a > c
Earth

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Types of Ellipsoid
Prolate Spheroid
An ellipse rotated about its major axis.
a = b < c and a < c
Watermelon (stretched sphere)

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Semi-Ellipsoid
A solid whose volume is half of an
ellipsoid.
a = b = radius r of the circular section
c = height h of the solid

V = r2h

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EXAMPLES
#1, p208: Find the volume of the solid generated
by revolving an ellipse about its major axis if the
measure of the semi-major and semi-minor axes
of the ellipse are 18 cm and 15 cm, respectively.
ANS: 5400 cm3
#2, p208: Find the volume and the surface area
of the solid figure formed by rotating a circle of
radius 5 cm about a line 8 cm from the center of
the circle. ANS: 4002 cm3 3948 cm3, 1602
cm2 1579 cm2

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EXAMPLES
#3, p209: The largest and smallest
sections in a circular paraboloid have
areas 81 cm2 and 36 cm2,
respectively. If the distance between
these sections is 10 cm, find the
volume of the paraboloid.
ANS: 585 cm3

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8.1 EXERCISES
#1, p210: A circle of radius 3 inches is rotated
about a line which is R in from the center of
the circle. Find the volume of the solid
generated if its surface area is 84 2 in2.
ANS: 1262 in2 1243.6 in2
#4, p210: A torus is generated by revolving a
circle about a line. If the volume generated is
numerically equal to ten times its surface
area, find the radius of the rotating circle.

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8.1 EXERCISES
#7, p210: A spheroid is formed by revolving an
ellipse about its minor axis whose length is onethird that of the major axis. Find the length of
the semi-minor axis if the volume of the
ellipsoid is 768 ft3. ANS: 4 ft
#9, p210: A wine cask has a radius of 28 cm at
the top and a radius of 36 cm at the bottom.
The height of the cask is 1 m. What is the
volume of the cask in liters, assuming that the
shape of the sides is parabolic? ANS: 104 L
326.7 L
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8.1 EXERCISES
#10, p210: The volume of a paraboloid
is 27 in3 and the radius of the circular
base is 3 in. Find the altitude of the
solid.

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Pappus-Guldinus Theorems
Center of Gravity
Average location of the weight of the solid.
It is determined by the distribution of
weight of the solid.
Centroid
Center of gravity of weightless figures
such as line, area, and volume.

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Pappus-Guldinus Theorems
Surface
Area of a Solid of Revolution

Theorem I:
The surface of revolution is defined as the
surface generated by rotating a plane through
360 about an axis. The surface area generated is
given by

S = 2Ld
where L = length of one element of the curve and
d = centroidal distance measured from the
centroid of this element to the axis of revolution.
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Pappus-Guldinus Theorems
Surface Area of a Solid of Revolution
Theorem I:

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Pappus-Guldinus Theorems
Volume of a Solid of Revolution
Theorem II:
The solid of revolution is the solid formed
by rotating a plane through 360 about an
axis. The volume of the solid is obtained by

V = 2Ad
where d = centroidal distance of the
elemental area of the composite plane from
the axis of revolution.
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Pappus-Guldinus Theorems
Volume of a Solid of Revolution
Theorem II:

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TABLE 8-1
CENTROIDS OF LINES AND PLANE CURVES
Line

Illustration

c = centroid of the figure

d = centroidal distance measured
from the y-axis
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TABLE 8-1
CENTROIDS OF LINES AND PLANE CURVES
Quarter Arc

Illustration

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TABLE 8-1
CENTROIDS OF LINES AND PLANE CURVES
Semi-circular Arc

Illustration

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TABLE 8-2
CENTROIDS OF PLANE AREAS
Semi-circular Arc

Illustration

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TABLE 8-2
CENTROIDS OF PLANE AREAS
Triangles

Illustration

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TABLE 8-2
CENTROIDS OF PLANE AREAS
Quarter Circle

Illustration

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TABLE 8-2
CENTROIDS OF PLANE AREAS
Semi Circle

Illustration

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TABLE 8-2
CENTROIDS OF PLANE AREAS
Semi-parabola

Illustration

Note: The axis of parabola is

always parallel to the height.
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Composite Solids
Solids that can be divided into known
geometric figures whose weights and volumes
can be determined.
The weight or mass of each solid may be
determined by multiplying its volume by its
density.
Adding the volumes of each individual solid
determines the volume of the composite solid.
For a solid containing a hole, the volume of
the solid is the difference between the volume
of the solid without the hole and the volume of
the solid that fills the hole.
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EXAMPLES
#6, p216: A frustum of a right circular
cone will be formed if the right trapezoid
in the figure shown on page 217 is
rotated through 360 about the y-axis.
Using Pappus-Guldinus Theorems,
a) show that the lateral area of the
frustum is equal to LSA = (r1 + r2)l, and
b) find the volume of the solid if r1 = 8,
r2 = 12, and h = 4. ANS: b) 1273.4 in3
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EXAMPLES
#6, p217: Figure

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EXAMPLES
#7, p218: The composite solid shown
below is made of steel that weighs
7850 kg/m3. The 20-mm hole is drilled
at the center of the top face and has
the same height as the solid. Find its
volume in cubic millimeters and its
mass in kilograms. ANS: 473 717 mm3,
3.72 kg

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8.2 EXERCISES
#1, p219: Find the volume of the solid
generated by revolving the plane
figure shown about the vertical axis.
ANS: 15 388 cm3

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8.2 EXERCISES
#2, p219: Find the volume and the
surface area of the solid generated by
revolving the plane figure shown about
the y-axis.

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8.2 EXERCISES
#9, p221: The mechanical part shown
below contains 20-cm diameter hole.
Compute for its volume if all
dimensions given are in centimeters.
ANS: 47 142 cm3

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HOMEWORK 8
8.1 EXERCISES: #s 2, 3, 6, 8, & 12 p.
210
8.2 EXERCISES: #s 3, 4, 5, 6, & 8 pp.
219-221

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