C20C

A change
from
0C0to
A
changeofofreference
reference
from
to
is equivalent
C is equivalent
to sliding
TC curve
20
to the
sliding
the TC
down
in
voltage
curve down in voltage

Eg. Question 4.23:

Using an RTD with o = 0.0034/oC and R = 100 at 20oC, design a bridge and op amp
system to provide a 0 to 10 V output for a 20oC to 100oC temp. variation. The RTD
dissipation const. is 28 mW/oC. Maximum self-heating should be 0.05oC.

Solution:

Voltage (V)

Slope = 23.8 mV/mm

+
Core displacement

Output profile with rectifier

This cylinder is fixed.

k (& C) ~ liquid level.

No
Dose
Intensity,
N cps

N = No e - x

Medium Thickness , x cm

and A  A-A,
but the volume
remains const.

material,

FLOW MEASUREMENT
A. Solid-flow measurement:
A Conveyor system

Flow, Q = WR/L [kg/min]

W = weight of material on sec. L [kg]

R = conveyer speed [m/min.]
L = length of sec. L [m]

B. Liquid flow:
Other arrangement:
Venturi

Volume flow rate, Q = K p [m3/h]

K = const. for pipe & liquid type
p = drop in pressure across the
restriction
= gh [N/m2]

Nozzle

Orifice

Contactless thermometer

Model: GIM 3590.

SPECIFICATIONS:
Phyrometer with switchable over optical system and sighting
cross. Thanks to precise laser cross is each surface in any
distance marked exactly. Through integrated optical system
with a higher sharpness there is possible to measure very
exactly temperature of also very small objects from 1mm
up. An internal position feeler causes, that display - for easy
reading - is automatic turned over.
Range:
-35 C to + 900C
Min. reading:
0,1C
Accuracy:
1%
Operating temperature: 0 - 50C
Battery:
2x alkaline battery AA
Weight:
420g