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Transmission Line
Design
80mw 100km
Veco
= 135.47kv
Plimit=mf*SIL
Multiplying Factor(mf)=2.625
So,
Plimit=2.625*43.56=114.34 mw
Since,
Plimit> P
132 kv
Transmission
Number of Ckt
Power Factor(cos)
0.98
100 km
1.
2.
3.
4.
Switching o/v
O/V due to lightning
Table 1:
Voltage Level
(kv)
249.02
Number Of Discs
402.27
834.27
7
9
578.69
834.9
6
9
Hence from the above table the required number of insulator discs to
withstand all types of voltage level in all condition for given system is 9
Table 2:
Air clearance form the earthed object(a)
Tower Width(b)
Vertical distance between two adjacent
conductor(y)
Horizontal distance between two adjacent
conductor(c)
Height of the earth wire from the top cross
arm(d)
1.43m
2.15m
3.78m
7.89m
6.82m
Efficiency=Pout/Pin
=Pout/(Pout+Ploss) >94%
Loss=3*I*R(65)
R(65)=R20[1+alpha(T-20)]
Where, T= maximum allowable temperature
Take T= 65 degree centigrade
Table 3:
SN
Name Of
Conductor
1 Leopard
2 Coyote
3 Tiger
4 Wolf
5 Lynx
6 Panther
7 Lion
8 Bear
9 Goat
R20
R65
0.219 0.2587
3
74
0.221 0.2612
4
52
0.222 0.2620
1
78
0.184 0.2175
4
92
0.158 0.1875
9
02
0.137 0.1622
5
5
0.122 0.1443
3
14
0.110 0.1300
2
36
0.089 0.1060
89
7
Total
R(ohm)
25.8774
26.1252
26.2078
21.7592
18.7502
16.225
14.4314
13.0036
10.60702
Ploss(watt)
9930208.1
61
10025299.
07
10056996.
04
8349887.7
56
7195212.3
89
6226190.7
08
5537913.6
26
4990008.8
44
4070343.8
74
Efficiency(
%)
88.95787
259
88.86390
917
88.83263
213
90.54906
807
91.74815
659
92.77923
487
93.52577
893
94.12871
123
95.15840
701
For the conductor LEOPARD the efficiency is 88.95% which is<94% so,
Conductor BEAR is chosen since efficiency >94%
For conductor BEAR;
Conductor diameter=23.45mm =0.02345m
GMR for inductance=0.7788r=0.009131m
GMR for capacitance=r=0.011725m
GMD=6.28m
2
* L * e3
GMD
ln
GMRc
=
2
ln ( 6.28 /0.011725)
=8.84*e-7
=0.88 uf
Now Impedance of the Line (Z) = R + j 2fL
=13.0036 + j 40.84
=42.86<72.33
Susceptance of the Line (Y)
= j314.15*C
=j3.14*e-4
=3.14*e-4<90
A, B, C, D parameters calculation
*100000
A=D=(1+YZ/2) =1.0054
B= Z(1+YZ/4)= 42.86<72.33
C= Y(1+YZ/4)=3.14*e-4<90
Now, Sending end Voltage (Vs) = A*Vr +B*Ir
=1.0054*132 + 42.86<72.33*0.357
=148.01<72.33
=148.57 kv
Voltage Regulation (VR)= (|Vs|/A -|Vr| )/|Vr
= 11.94 %
Voltage regulation < 12% so this conductor BEAR can be used.
Then, the tension at stringing (T2) and the easiest condition (T3) is calculated using the following
equation known as STRINGING EQUATION.
T22 [T2+k1] - k2 = 0
.. (1)
Where,
W1 L2
K 1 T1 2 1 AE
AE
2
24T1
2
and,
W2 L
AE
24
K2=
.
From the above data, the values of K1 and K2 for the span of 250m are given by:
K1=-3923.97 kg
K2=0.993*e10 kg
Using the stringing equation the value of T2 is found to be,
T2= 4330.01, -233.02j1475
Hence T2 = 4330.01 kg
Similarly , T3 is calculated by the similar procedure as above. For the calculation of T3 the value
of K1 and K2 fro 250m span is given by;
K1=-1878.02
K2=0.993*e10
Using stringing equation we get,
T3= 2989.357, -555.66j1735.91
Hence, T3= 2989.357 Kg
In the similar manner, the values of tensions for different conductor
tabulated below:
Table 4: Conductor weight and tension
SN
Conducto
r
Wc
Diameter(
m)
1 Bear
1219
2 Goat
1492
Ww
Wice
1563.333
0.02345
333
1731.333
0.02597
333
3 Sheep
1726
0.02793
1862
4 Kundah
1282
0.02682
5 Deer
1977
0.02989
1788
1992.666
667
0
0
and
span length is
W1
W2
T1
1982.4
16
1219
5655
2285.5
15
1492
6890
2538.9
21
1726
9455
2200.1
06
1282
4501
2807
1977
9115
S
N
Conduct
or
1 Bear
Span
Lengt
h
250
275
300
325
350
2 Goat
250
275
300
325
350
3 Sheep
250
275
300
325
350
K1 for
T2
3923.6
3
3751.1
6
3562.2
5
3356.9
2
3135.1
7
4872.0
7
4682.7
2
4475.3
4
4249.9
3
4006.4
9
7475.8
7
7332.0
4
7174.5
2
7003.3
6818.3
8
K2 for T2
T2
K1 for
T3
K2 for T3
T3
99311997
71
4429.7
4 1876.03
99311997
71
2988.2
1
12016751
723
4378.0
8 1703.55
12016751
723
3020.5
9
14300927
670
4326.3
1 1514.65
14300927
670
3050.9
9
16783727
613
4275.2 1309.32
16783727
613
3079.3
1
19465151
551
4225.4 1087.56
19465151
551
3105.6
2
18249087
167
5479.8 2360.44
18249087
167
3696.2
22081395
472
5431.2
7 2171.09
22081395
472
3745.2
7
26278685
520
5382.4
2 1963.71
26278685
520
3791.6
1
30840957
312
5333.9
3
-1738.3
30840957
312
3835.1
5
35768210
847
5286.3
9 1494.86
35768210
847
3875.9
2
28316070
832
7926.5
4 4563.78
28316070
832
5499.8
8
34262445
707
7883.3
5 4419.96
34262445
707
5537.3
6
40775141
998
47854159
706
7838.2 4262.44
7791.5
6 4091.22
40775141
998
47854159
706
5574.5
6
5611.1
3
55499498
831
7743.8
7
55499498
831
5646.8
2
-3906.3
Kundha
4 h
250
275
300
325
350
5 Deer
250
275
300
325
350
3154.6
5
3118.8
3079.5
3
3036.8
5
2990.7
5
6606.7
5
6390.5
6153.6
6
5896.2
3
5618.2
11745238
826
14211738
979
3919.2
8 509.508
4004.8
7 473.654
11745238
826
14211738
979
2456.2
7
16913143
909
4090.3
9 434.386
16913143
909
2719.9
9
19849453
615
4175.4 391.703
19849453
615
2814.2
6
23020668
098
4259.5
4 345.606
23020668
098
2960.0
4
42439357
519
51351622
598
7384.9
2 3280.09
7342.8
9 3063.85
42439357
519
51351622
598
4986.7
1
61112674
827
7300.3
4 2827.01
61112674
827
5140.0
9
71722514
207
83181140
737
7257.8
1 2569.57
7215.7
7 2291.54
71722514
207
83181140
737
5210.9
2
5277.7
8
2592.1
5065.3
Table
6:
Conduct
or
1 Bear
Span
0.25
0.275
0.3
0.325
0.35
Dmax(
Fcw(kg Few(k
m)
H1(m)
H2(m)
H3(m)
)
g)
3.18700
390.83
41 10.507 12.397 14.287
33
157.5
3.85627 11.176 13.066 14.956 429.91
173.2
5
27
27
27
67
5
4.58928 11.909 13.799 15.689
59
29
29
29
469
189
5.38603 12.706 14.596 16.486 508.08
204.7
69
04
04
04
33
5
6.24652 13.566 15.456 17.346 547.16
220.5
2 Goat
0.25
0.275
0.3
0.325
0.35
3 Sheep
0.25
0.275
0.3
0.325
0.35
4 Kundah
0.25
0.275
0.3
0.325
0.35
5 Deer
0.25
0.275
0.3
0.325
0.35
53
53
53
67
3.15357
66
3.81582
77
4.54115
04
5.32954
45
6.18101
02
10.473
58
11.135
83
11.861
15
12.649
54
13.501
01
12.363
58
13.025
83
13.751
15
14.539
54
15.391
01
14.253
58
14.915
83
15.641
15
16.429
54
17.281
01
432.83
33
476.11
67
2.45175
8
2.96662
72
3.53053
16
4.14347
11
4.80544
58
9.7717
58
10.286
63
10.850
53
11.463
47
12.125
45
11.661
76
12.176
63
12.740
53
13.353
47
14.015
45
13.551
76
14.066
63
14.630
53
15.243
47
15.905
45
4.07757
49
4.93386
57
5.87170
79
6.89110
17
7.99204
69
11.397
57
12.253
87
13.191
71
14.211
1
15.312
05
13.287
57
14.143
87
15.081
71
16.101
1
17.202
05
13.287
57
14.143
87
15.081
71
16.101
1
17.202
05
3.09729
51
3.74772
71
4.46010
5
5.23442
87
6.07069
84
10.417
3
11.067
73
11.780
1
12.554
43
13.390
7
12.307
3
12.957
73
13.670
1
14.444
43
15.280
7
12.307
3
12.957
73
13.670
1
14.444
43
15.280
7
157.5
173.2
5
519.4
562.68
33
605.96
67
189
204.7
5
465.5
157.5
173.2
5
512.05
558.6
220.5
605.15
189
204.7
5
651.7
220.5
447
157.5
173.2
5
491.7
536.4
581.1
189
204.7
5
625.8
220.5
498.16
67
547.98
33
157.5
173.2
5
597.8
647.61
67
697.43
33
189
204.7
5
220.5
Spa
n
Bear
250
275
300
325
350
Goat
250
275
300
325
350
Sheep
250
275
300
325
350
Kundah
250
275
300
Bmpw
14535.
49
16852.
23
19415.
6
22248.
01
25371.
89
16054.
1
18605.
44
21427.
04
24543.
48
27979.
32
16285.
65
18705.
13
21350.
58
24242.
56
27401.
6
16973.
81
19934.
3
23255.
69
BmptA(
2)
7340.84
1
7737.14
7
8171.19
7
8642.99
9152.52
7
8919.89
6
9397.68
8
9920.98
3
10489.7
8
11104.0
9
11545.7
5
12055.4
9
12613.7
9
13220.6
3
13876.0
2
5965.62
5
6369.20
3
6811.21
6
BmptB(
15)
54903.2
57867.2
3
61113.5
5
64642.1
6
68453.0
5
66713.1
8
70286.6
5
74200.4
5
78454.5
8
83049.0
4
86352.2
9
90164.7
6
94340.3
2
98878.9
8
103780.
7
44615.7
1
47633.9
9
50939.7
1
BmptC(
30)
108867.
1
114744.
5
121181.
6
128178.
4
135735
132275.
3
139360.
6
147120.
7
155555.
6
164665.
2
171214.
7
178773.
9
187053
196052
205770.
9
88465.7
3
94450.4
7
101005.
2
Bmew
3324.3
53
3772.7
4
4254.2
55
4771.9
11
5328.7
19
3319.0
88
3765.7
32
4245.1
57
4760.3
44
5314.2
73
3208.5
52
3618.6
08
4054.1
5
4517.4
96
5010.9
61
3166.9
43
3631.9
9
4139.4
23
BmetA(
2)
2103.3
32
2170.0
26
2243.0
71
2322.4
68
2408.2
17
2100.0
01
2165.9
95
2238.2
74
2316.8
39
2401.6
88
2030.0
64
2081.3
72
2137.5
65
2198.6
45
2264.6
12
2003.7
38
2089.0
69
2182.5
25
BmetB(15
)
15731.12
318
16229.93
307
16776.24
866
17370.06
995
18011.39
695
15706.20
959
16199.78
762
16740.37
309
17327.96
598
17962.56
631
15183.14
175
15566.87
554
15987.15
54
16443.98
134
16937.35
335
14986.24
518
15624.44
163
16323.41
869
BmetC(3
0)
31190.83
31
32179.84
68
33263.05
22
34440.44
94
35712.03
85
31141.43
57
32120.07
6
33191.92
34356.96
79
35615.21
97
30104.32
47
30865.17
16
31698.48
01
32604.25
03
33582.48
2
29713.92
87
30979.31
06
32365.20
51
BMA
27304.
01
30532.
14
34084.
12
37985.
38
42261.
35
30393.
09
33934.
86
37831.
46
42110.
44
46799.
36
33070.
01
36460.
6
40156.
09
44179.
33
48553.
19
28110.
11
32024.
56
36388.
85
BMB
88494.
16
94722.
13
10155
9.6
10903
2.1
11716
5.1
10179
2.6
10885
7.6
11661
3
12508
6.4
13430
5.2
12102
9.6
12805
5.4
13573
2.2
14408
3
15313
0.6
79742.
71
86824.
72
94658.
24
BMC
157
167
178
189
202
182
193
205
219
233
220
231
244
257
271
138
148
160
325
350
Deer
250
275
300
325
350
26970.
77
31112.
36
18393.
25
21301.
86
24515.
97
28063.
36
31971.
81
7291.66
5
7810.55
11746.7
12367.5
13047.4
3
13786.4
8
14584.6
6
54532.9
58413.5
3
87851.1
8
92494.0
5
97579.1
1
103106.
3
109075.
7
108129.
9
115824.
6
174194.
6
183400.
7
193483.
5
204443.
2
216279.
5
4693.0
96
5296.8
61
3166.9
43
3631.9
9
4139.4
23
4693.0
96
5296.8
61
2284.1
09
2393.8
19
2094.3
93
2159.2
09
2230.1
98
2307.3
6
2390.6
95
17083.17
637
17903.71
466
15664.26
277
16149.03
197
16679.96
966
17257.07
585
17880.35
054
33871.61
21
35498.53
17
31058.26
58
32019.44
04
33072.15
53
34216.41
08
35452.20
66
41239.
64
46613.
59
35401.
28
39460.
56
43933.
02
48850.
3
54244.
02
0.0016Ht BMF . S .
=0.000631*Ht*
Bm2
= 12.118 tonnes
Table 8: The table for weight of tower.
Conduct Spa
Avg
cost/tower/s
ro
n
WtA
WtB
WtC
Wt/tpwer
cost/tower
pan L
3.1123 5.6030 7.4849
7.072774 565821.97
Bear
250
2
99
08
748
98 2263.287919
3.3955 5.9807 7.9542
7.590651 607252.10
275
22
23
5
334
68 2208.189479
3.7083 6.4012 8.4772
8.165513 653241.04
300
62
78
64
027
22 2177.470141
4.0534 6.8673 9.0568
8.801253 704100.24
325
14
64
34
046
37 2166.462288
4.4333 7.3817 9.6960
9.501928 760154.30
350
33
22
09
824
6 2171.869446
3.2784 5.9998 8.0400
7.542772 603421.78
Goat
250
61
54
51
256
04 2413.687122
3.5730 6.3995 8.5399
8.088379 647070.39
275
87
57
54
988
91 2352.983269
3.8985 6.8446 9.0969
8.693988 695519.06
300
48
28
11
308
46 2318.396882
4.2574 7.3377 9.7139
9.363625 749090.06
325
91
65
37
827
62 2304.892511
4.6526 7.8818 10.394
10.10149 808119.55
350
41
11
22
443
46 2308.913013
3.3059 6.3243 8.5425
7.864634 629170.77
Sheep
250
02
91
08
704
63 2516.683105
275 3.5589 6.6697 8.9768
8.336047 666883.81 2425.032048
10327
9.9
11272
6.5
12507
5.6
13357
6.9
14291
4.5
15311
9.9
16422
4.8
173
187
226
240
255
271
289
300
325
350
Kundah
250
275
300
325
350
Deer
250
275
300
325
350
72
3.8358
19
4.1383
55
4.4685
4
3.2911
71
3.6496
03
4.0499
92
4.4962
23
4.9923
19
3.5288
3
3.8409
56
4.1860
27
4.5668
4.9861
25
81
7.0521
88
7.4735
1
7.9357
47
5.5432
52
6.0093
25
6.5320
45
7.1153
85
7.7635
26
6.6329
63
7.0668
1
7.5499
59
8.0852
64
8.6757
41
06
9.4583
7
9.9893
26
10.571
93
7.3006
63
7.8721
15
8.5126
82
9.2267
13
10.018
8
8.9321
35
9.4794
55
10.089
19
10.764
56
11.508
97
664
8.855668
185
9.426373
721
10.05115
918
7.114756
205
7.757138
944
8.476141
439
9.277642
724
10.16778
325
8.284075
358
8.872513
952
9.525909
535
10.24850
845
11.04474
652
32
708453.45
48
754109.89
77
804092.73
44
569180.49
64
620571.11
55
678091.31
51
742211.41
79
813422.66
03
662726.02
86
709801.11
62
762072.76
28
819880.67
57
883579.72
14
2361.511516
2320.338147
2297.407813
2276.721986
2256.622238
2260.304384
2283.72744
2324.064744
2650.904115
2581.094968
2540.242543
2522.709771
2524.51349
Bear
Goat
Sheep
Kundah
Deer
325
325
325
325
325
Now,
For conductor cost calculation
Let, cost of steel= Rs 70 per kg
Cost of Al = 300 per kg
Dep. Factor= 0.1
Life time= 25 years
Sample calculation,
2166.46
2304.89
2320.33
2283.72
2522.7
308
308
308
308
308
Total
Cost(RS)
21686264
6
230719489
232265033
228600372
252522270
For Bear:
span length=325m, Al weight per km= 734 kg, Steel weight per km= 485kg
Cost of power conductor
Total Al weight= 100*734=73400kg
Total Steel weight=100*485=48500kg
Total conductor cost= Rs 25415000
Hence, total cost= Conductor cost+ Tower cost=Rs 459140292
n
i(1+i)
( 1+i )n1 *P
= Rs 26691261.2
LF
LLF
Rate=
0.5
0.3
9
Rs/un
it
Total Al
weight
Total Steel
Wt
Total cost
of
conductor
Total Tower
Cost
Bear
73400
48500
25415000
216862646
Goat
89600
59600
31052000
230719489
Sheep
103600
69000
35910000
232265033
Kundah
112000
16200
34734000
228600372
Deer
118800
78900
41163000
252522270
Annual
Total Cost Cost(Rs)
24227764 2669126
6
1.2
26177148 2883886
9
0.3
26817503 2954432
3
6.4
26333437 2901104
2
0.1
29368527 3235474
0
0
Annual Cost
Total
Total
Annual Ele Form cond
Annual
R20
R65
R(ohm) Pl(kw)
Cost
and tower
(Rs)
0.11 0.13003 13.003
49.90008
1180236.
27871498.
02
6
6
844
892
26691261.19
08
Goat
Sheep
Kundah
Deer
0.08
99
0.07
77
0.07
43
0.06
78
0.10607
02
0.09168
6
0.08772
12
0.08000
4
10.607
02
9.1686
8.7721
2
8.0004
40.70343
874
35.18363
767
33.66218
307
30.70078
036
962717.7
331
832163.3
982
796177.9
54
726134.8
571
28838860.3
29544326.4
29011040.1
32354740.03
29801578.
03
30376489.
8
29807218.
05
33080874.
89
So, we can easily see from above table that BEAR conductor with a span 325m
will be the most economical conductor for the transmission line as the sum of cost of tower,
conductor cost and energy loss cost is minimum for BEAR conductor.
VALUES
80mw
100 km
1
BEAR Single ckt
1.0054
42.86<72.33
3.14*e-4<90
1.0054
0.13 H
0.88 uf
42.86<72.33
3.14*e-4<90
11.94
94.12%
132.90kv (Phase)
MECHANICAL PARAMETERS
PARAMETERS
VALUES
SPAN LENGTH
325M
T1
5655KG
T2
4429.74KG
T3
2988.21KG
Hg
3.18M
H1
10.507M
H2
12.397M
H3
14.287M
TOWER WEIGHT
7.07 Tone