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EQUIPMENTS, SWITCHING
SCHMES & LAYOUTS
Switchyard Type
Conventional Air Insulated Type.
Gas Insulated type.
Outdoor Gas Insulated type.
Selection of Bus Switching Scheme
PRE-REQUISITES
1)System security
2)Operational flexibility
3)Simplicity of protection arrangements
4)Ability to limit short circuit levels (ease of
sectionalizing)
5)Maintenance – Its effect on system
security
6)Ease of extension
7)Total land area
8)cost
DESIGN GUIDELINES CONTD…
OPTIONS/ALTERNATIVES
2) Comparison of Schemes
a) Sectionalized main bus with transfer bus
(Scheme-I)
Simplicity of Protection
Protection Protection arrangement is
Arrangements Protection arrangement simplified as no AC
arrangement involves AC & DC & DC switching
involves AC & DC switching & bus involve and Bus
switching . differential differential
protection is protection is simple.
complicated as it
involves CT
switching. Sectionalising of
bus bars or
Ability to limit introduction of
Sectionalising of
Short Circuit Sectionalising of reactors in buses
bus bars or
Levels (Ease of bus bars or with a view to limit
introduction of
Sectionalizing) introduction of short circuit level is
reactors in buses
reactors in buses adoptable.
with a view to limit
with a view to limit
short circuit level is
short circuit level is
adoptable.
adoptable.
Ease of Switchyard shall Switchyard shall Switchyard shall
extension be suitable for be suitable for be suitable for
future extension future extension future extension
without loss of without loss of without loss of
feeders. This feeders. This feeders. This
scheme is flexible scheme is flexible scheme is flexible
for such future for such future for such future
additions additions additions
4) Clearance.
i) phase to earth clearance
ii) phase to phase clearance
iii) section clearance
iv) ground clearance
TABLE I: INSULATION LEVELS & CLEARANCE
REQUIREMENTS AT DIFFERENT VOLTAGE LEVELS
INSULATION LEVELS HIGHEST MINIMUM CLEARANCE GROUND SECTIONAL HEIGHT OF
NOMINAL SYSTEM CLEARANCECLEARANCE SUPPORTS
VOLTAGE KV (MM) (MM) (mm)
SYSTEM
VOLTAGE LIGHTNING SWITCHING POWER BETWEEN BETWEEN
IMPULSE LEVEL SURGE LEVEL FREQUENCY PHASE ANDPHASES
KV (kVp) (kVp) IMPULSE
LEVEL EARTH (MM)
(kVrms) (MM)
7) Equipment Interconnection
9) Connection Level
a.
b.
c.
d.
Circuit Breakers Type (IEC: 62271-100)
MOCB.
ABCB.
SF6
Capacitance.
Voltage Ratio.
No. Of Cores.
Accuracy.
Output Burden
Rated Secondary Voltage
Lightning Arrestor ( IEC 60099)
Gap Type / Gapless Type.
Voltage Rating.
Energy Capability.
Monitoring.
Location.
Nominal Discharge Current.
Post Insulators
Voltage Rating.
Cantilever Strength.
Fixing Details.
Wave Trap (IEC 60353)
Rated Inductance(0.5/1.0 mH).
Rated current.
Band Width.
Coupling (Phase to Phase).
SWITCHYARD AUXILIARY SYSTEMS
CONTROL ROOM
HVAC FOR CONTROL ROOM
A RELIABLE 415V AC SUPPLY ( LT SWGR)
220 V & 48 V DC SUPPLY( BATTERY & BATTERY
CHARGER)
POWER & CONTROL CABLE
LIGHTING ( Yard lighting & indoor lighting of control
room)
Other items-Clamps, connectors , Insulator strings , BMK
etc.
COMPARASON BETWEEN AIS AND GIS SUBSTATION
FOOTPRINT FOR HECTOR
192
400kV AIS
400kV GIS
69 ~10%
Trfr 1 Trfr 2 Trfr 3 Trfr 4 SVC Trfrs
275kV GIS
275kV AIS
INDOOR GIS
OUTDOOR GIS - SEISMIC AREAS
PHASE SPACING
Conductor
Phase Spacing
OVERHEAD STRUNG BUSBARS
SAG DUE TO CONDUCTOR
Lc
T fs
9,81.mi
fs = 9,81.mi.Lc2
8.T
Attraction Repulsion
M M M
TUBULAR BUSBAR EXPANSION CLAMP
TUBE
F S
TRANSFORMER FIRE AT MINERVA
Upgradation of transmission voltage
from 400kV AC to 765kV AC.
Presently the highest AC Transmission voltage is 400kV only.
NTPC is fully geared up for implementing next AC voltage of
765kV.
Advantages:
Step up from generation voltage to 765kV.
High Capacity Transmission to the order of 2500MW per line
with lower right of way requirement.
765kV Transmission system is techno economically better
option whenever power transmission system requires multi
point tapping at various location for catering the load
requirement of high growth area.
765kV system offers low transmission losses, resulting in
higher utilisation of generating capacity and optimises the
resource required for capacity addition.
765kV Major Parameters