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capacity of a solution?
In: Chemistry [Edit categories]
The concentration of the buffer (the higher the concentration, the larger the buffering
capacity) and how close the pKa of the buffer is compared to the pH of the solution (the
closer the greater the buffer capacity).
How much buffering does your tank need? Most aquarium buffering
capacity test kits actually measure KH. The larger the KH, the more
resistant to pH changes your water will be. A tank's KH should be high
enough to prevent large pH swings in your tank over time. If your KH
is below roughly 4.5 dH, you should pay special attention to your
tank's pH (e.g, test weekly, until you get a feel for how stable the
pH is). This is ESPECIALLY important if you neglect to do frequent
partial water changes. In particular, the nitrogen cycle creates a
tendency for an established tank's pH to decrease over time. The exact
amount of pH change depends on the quantity and rate of nitrates
produced, as well as the KH. If your pH drops more than roughly two
tenths of a point over a month, you should consider increasing the KH
or performing partial water changes more frequently. KH doesn't affect
fish directly, so there is no need to match fish species to a
particular KH.
The concept of pH was first introduced by Danish chemist Søren Peder Lauritz Sørensen
at the Carlsberg Laboratory in 1909. It is unknown what the exact definition of p is. Some
references suggest the p stands for “Power”[2], others refer to the German word “Potenz”
(meaning power in German)[3], still others refer to “potential”. Jens Norby published a
paper in 2000 arguing that p is a constant and stands for “negative logarithm”[4]; which
has also been used in other works[5]. H stands for Hydrogen. Sørensen suggested the
notation "PH" for convenience, standing for "power of hydrogen",[2] using the
cologarithm of the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution, p[H][6] Although this
definition has been superseded p[H] can be measured if an electrode is calibrated with
solution of known hydrogen ion concentration.
Pure water is said to be neutral. The pH for pure water at 25 °C (77 °F) is close to 7.0.
Solutions with a pH less than 7 are said to be acidic and solutions with a pH greater than
7 are said to be basic or alkaline. pH measurements are important in medicine, biology,
chemistry, food science, environmental science, oceanography and many other
applications.
What is a cytosol?
In: Biology [Edit categories]
The fluid portion of the cytoplasm where a part of the cell metabolism occurs.....