1. The diagram below shows a process that can occur
The diagram below represents single-celled organism A
during meiosis.
The most likely result of this process is
A) a new combination of inheritable traits that can
appear in the offspring
B) an inability to pass either of these chromosomes
on to offspring
C) a loss of genetic information that will produce a
genetic disorder in the offspring
D) an increase in the chromosome number of the
organism in which this process occurs
2. The diagram below represents the organization of
genetic information within a cell nucleus.
The circle labeled Z most likely represents
A) amino acids B) chromosomes
C) vacuoles D) molecular bases
3. The transfer of genes from parents to their offspring is
known as
A) differentiation B) heredity
C) immunity D) evolution
4. Two different types of cells from an organism are
shown below.
Explain how these two different types of cells can
function differently in the same organism even though
they both contain the same genetic instructions.
5.
dividing by mitosis to form cells B and C.
Cells A, B, and C all produced protein X. What can
best be inferred from this observation?
A) Protein X is found in all organisms.
B) The gene for protein X is found in single-celled
organisms, only.
C) Cells A, B, and C ingested food containing the
gene to produce protein X.
D) The gene to produce protein X was passed from
cell A to cells B and C.
6. Variation in the offspring of sexually reproducing
organisms is the direct result of
A) sorting and recombining of genes
B) replication and cloning
C) the need to adapt and maintain homeostasis
D) overproduction of offspring and competition
7. Why are offspring of organisms that reproduce sexually
not genetically identical to their parents?
8. The diagram below represents the change in a sprouting
onion bulb when sunlight is present and when sunlight
is no longer available.
Which statement best explains this change?
A) Plants need oxygen to survive.
B) Environmental conditions do not alter
characteristics.
C) Plants produce hormones.
D) The environment can influence the expression of
certain genetic traits.
 Base your answer to the following question on the information below and on your knowledge of biology.

A biologist at an agriculture laboratory is asked to develop a better quality blueberry plant. He is given
plants that produce unusually large blueberries and plants that produce very sweet blueberries.

9. The biologist is successful in producing the new plant. State one method that can be used to produce many
identical blueberry plants of this new type.

10. A child has brown hair and brown eyes. His father has
brown hair and blue eyes. His mother has red hair and
brown eyes. The best explanation for the child having
brown hair and brown eyes is that
A) a gene mutation occurred that resulted in brown
hair and brown eyes
B) gene expression must change in each generation
so evolution can occur
C) the child received genetic information from each
parent
D) cells from his mother’s eyes were present in the
fertilized egg
11. Which statement best explains the fact that some
identical twins appear different from one another?
A) Their DNA is essentially the same and the
environment plays little or no role in the
expression of their genes.
B) Their DNA is very different and the environment
plays a significant role in the expression of their
genes.
C) Their DNA is very different and the environment
plays little or no role in the expression of their
genes.
D) Their DNA is essentially the same and the
environment plays a significant role in the
expression of their genes.
12. In a portion of a gene, the nitrogenous base sequence
is T-C-G-A-A-T. Which nitrogenous base sequence
would normally be found bonded to this section of the
gene?
A) A-C-G-T-A-A B) A-C-G-U-U-A
C) A-G-C-T-T-A D) U-G-C-A-A-U
13. Arrange the following structures from largest to
smallest.
a chromosome
a nucleus
a gene
14. A boy inherits genes for tallness, but his growth is
limited as a result of poor nutrition. This is an
example of
A) an inherited disorder
B) environmental influence on gene expression
C) expression of a hidden trait
D) a characteristic controlled by more than one pair
of genes
15. The results of a genetic process are represented in the
diagram below.
Which process most likely produced these results?
A) chromosomal mutation during mitosis
B) nondisjunction during meiosis
C) independent assortment during mitosis
D) crossing-over during meiosis
16. The information in the graph below was obtained from 17. Individuals of some species, such as earthworms, have
fruit flies that were all homozygous recessive for both male and female sex organs. In many cases,
shriveled wings. What is the best interpretation of the however, these individuals do not fertilize their own
observed results? eggs.

State one genetic advantage of an earthworm mating

with another earthworm for the production of
offspring.

A) Higher temperatures always produce longer

wings.
B) The environment affects gene expression.
C) Lower temperatures produce larger wings.
D) Environmental change always produces recessive
genes.