St. Paul’s College Physical Education Department 3 PE, Theory (1) - Drugs and Sport Name: Aloo (oy Class:_ PSB Class No: _S2.- The aim of this theory is to help you: i) know the use of drugs in sport; ii) understand the effect that different types of drugs can have on sports performers. A) The Fight Against Drugs © Bye douse, or doping has been one ofthe main areas of cheating in sport over the last few decades. © Sports authorities now spend luge amounts of money testing athletes and publicizing the dangers of da : glean, @ Some drugs are Tegal, such as those that help recovery from illness or J eS -. However, others ~ usually called performance-enhancing drugs — are banned substances. © Tho International Olympic Committee has been at the forefront of the fight against drugs in sport. As a result, top-level athletes are now _candue tested during sporting events, and many competitors at other levels may be called for out-of-competition testing at any time. B) What is a drug? © A drug is any substance that may affect a person’s _emstona\ state, body function or behaviout: In this sense, alcohol and caffeine are all drugs. © Many drugs which are legally available contain one which are prohibited by sport governing bodies, Also, drugs which are _lereed laonn2) in one sport may not necessarily be prohibited in others. © Dus=\daog in sport is cheating, It can also be harmful to _bwolti__. The vast majority of athletes compete drug-free. © However, the huge increases in the rewards of winning have meant that the temptation to take has become ever greater. © The Effects of Drugs A vatlety of drugs can be used to _fmapsoxe- _ performance. Many drugs have been developed by scientists and doctors to treat people who ate sick or injured. However, athletes and their coaches have found out about their properties and __isuse. them in order to gain an unfair advantage over other competitors. 1. Tranquillisers - Some drugs help performers by calming them down and helping them to concentrate more casily. These are called raat ilisecs- . In sports such as snooker there have been cases of misuse. 1D) xn Narcotic Analgesic os Anabolic Steroid Diuretic = Liver and brain damage ‘Stimulant Stimulants — Other drugs called stimulants _Ceclice feelings of fatigue and incesade, feelings of competitiveness and aggression. These drugs have been used illegally in events that require a lot of energy, such as cycling Anabolic steroids — These are man-made hormones that have the effects of artificially helping athletes build up muscular gawe(_and_sfrecagts Narcotic analgesics - Narcotic analgesics are used by athletes to raise their cain threshold so that they can continue to compete while recovering from injury. This can often make the underlying injury worse and may cause permanent damage. Diuretics — Other drugs called diuretics are used to get rid of Hacc] _ from the body. In sports where weight is important such as horse racing and boxing, performers have taken Giuretics in order to _cechiaae body weight. Swimmers have also been tested positive for diuretics. Diuretics can also be used t0_mask the presence of other banned substances. Exercise (I) — Fill in the blanks Doping — illegal use of a drug to _gelraace._ sports performance, Performance-enhancing drug ~ drug often developed to treat_jl/necs but misused by athletes in order artificially to boost performance, Random Testing ~ Sports bodies can require any sports performer to have a drug test at any time, In a sprint race, for example, ree. out of the eight athletes can be randomly selected for a drugs test. Anabolic Steroid - Man-made hormone used illegally by sports performers to Ineceag. strength, power and aggression. Nareotic Analgesic ~ Narcotic meuns sleep-inducing, and analgesic means pia ki ny Dinretie— A substance that withdraws =f J from the body Exercise (II) - Matching DRUG NEGATIVE EFFECT Heart damage Further injury, and aggravation of existing injuries Infertility in male athletesSt. Paul’s College Jucation Department heory (II) ~ Football Name: Alan [a = Class:_ C38 Class N A) History of Football The very earliest form of football for which there is scientific evidence dating back to the j 2nd and 3rd centuries B.C. in (lama ___. The primitive form of football was played in China during the Han Dynasty, dbout 2100 years ago. The contemporary history of football spans more than 100 years, It all began in 1863 in _Gualanc__, when the world’s first football association was founded ~The Football Association in England, This international football comnmunity grew steadily, although it sometimes met with obstacles and setbacks, In 1904, the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (_£{ {A _) was founded. At present, FIFA has 204 members in every part of the world. No other sporting event captures the world's imagination like the FIFA Workl Cup™, Ever since the first tentative competition in 9 in 1930, FIPA's FAggship has constantly growa in popularity and prestige A group ee French football administrators, led in the 1920s by the innovative es are credited with the original idea of bringing the world's Stenged valicaal Gothall tetas Toganer 1 compas ‘Gr the IaS-of Wall Chanimis: Since __/380. , the 17 tournaments have seen only seven different winners. Seo), by a clear margin, is the most successful World Cup team overall, having won the toumament 7 © times in total, as well as having finished as runners-up twice, Brazil is also the only nation t have participated in every World Cup so far. The two countries with the most appearances in the World Cup final match are Gama and Sova. cach with 7 appearances in the final match (Brazil won 5 while Germany won 3). World Gip Sunmisiea | 7) e ee | Teams | NOt facunrce Cup Winning years (* as hosts) Brazil 1958, 1962, 1970, 1994, __ 2c92, Germany 3 | 1954, 19748, 1990 (all as West Germany) [__Ttaly’ oS AB 1934, 1938, 1982 | Argentina | & 3]; = 1978*, 1986 | _Urnguay Z ‘England | 1 France ai B) Rules and Regulations of Football 4) The Play - Each team consists of ___/ members, one is appointed as the goal-keeper. ii) Kick Off - The kick-off shall take place at the cortee de and kick the ball forward, iii) Scoring Goal - A goal is scored when the __wholg of the bill passes over the goal line, between the goalposts and under the __crassbac . provided that no infringement of the Laws of the Game has been committed previously by the ‘team scoring the goal. iv) Duration -___ 45 minutes each half plus with a halftime interval of 15 minutes.