West Visayas State University

COLLEGE OF NURSING
La Paz, Iloilo City

DRUG STUDY

Dosage, Route,
Mechanism of Special Nursing
Name of Drug Frequency, Indication Adverse Reactions
Action Precautions Responsibilities
Timing
Salbutamol sulfate, Relief and prevention Paradoxical Use cautiously in Obtain vital signs.
Generic: otherwise known as of bronchospasm in bronchospasm the elderly Note the depth and rate
Salbutamol sulfate albuterol sulfate acts acute exacerbations of respiration.
Dosage: relatively selectively at in BA Explain the purpose of
1 Nebule beta2 adrenegic nebulization.
Brand Name: receptors to cause Teach and demonstrate
bronchodilation and correct breathing
vasodilation. exercises to the client.
It reduces chemical Position the client in
Route: mediator release from semi-Fowler’s or allow
PAI or by pulmonary mast cells the client to sit
nebulization and improves the depending on the client’s
Classification Contraindication Side Effects
ability of cilia to clear preference.
mucus. Hypersensitivity to Headache,pain, Involve the significant
Functional: atropine or its influenza, chest pain; others in administration.
Beta2-selective Frequency: Source: Lippincott’s derivatives nausea. Bronchitis, Give instructions on how
adrenergic agonist Q6H Nursing Drug Guide dyspnea, coughing, to give the drug and
Bronchodilator 2008 Hypersensitivity to pneumonia, what to expect on the
albuterol bronchospasm, side effects.
Chemical: pharyngitis, sinusitis, Stay at bedside while
Hypertension rhinitis nebulization is ongoing
Salbutamol sulfate Timing: to monitor the client’s
response to the
nebulization.
Administer oxygen as
indicated.
Perform chest
physiotherapy.
 West Visayas State University
COLLEGE OF NURSING
La Paz, Iloilo City

DRUG STUDY

Dosage, Route,
Mechanism of Special Nursing
Name of Drug Frequency, Indication Adverse Reactions
Action Precautions Responsibilities
Timing
Glycerol is an osmotic no BM in 24 H Cardiac arrhythmias; Use cautiously in Monitor and record
Generic: dehydrating agent circulatory overload, hypervolemia, frequency of BM.
Glycerol Dosage: that possesses pulmonary oedema severe dehydration Take note of intake and
Glycerin pedia ½ supp. hygroscopic and and CHF. output.
supp. lubricating properties. Place child on left side
It causes plasma with knees bent.
Brand Name: osmolality leading to Wash hands thoroughly
Route: the movement of before and after
Per rectum water into the plasma procedure.
from the extravascular Use clean gloves to
spaces via osmosis. administer suppository.
Monitor BM thereafter.
Frequency: Source:
Classification Contraindication Side Effects
PRN if without BM MIMS
in 24 H Contraindicated with Rectal discomfort and
Functional: Lippincott’s Nursing hypersensitivity to burning sensation.
Laxatives Drug Guide 2008 glycerin; fecal
impaction; severe
Timing: dehydration
Chemical:
Glycerol
 West Visayas State University
COLLEGE OF NURSING
La Paz, Iloilo City

DRUG STUDY

Dosage, Route,
Mechanism of Special Nursing
Name of Drug Frequency, Indication Adverse Reactions
Action Precautions Responsibilities
Timing
Tramadol inhibits Relief of moderate to Respiratory Use cautiously in Monitor the intensity or
Generic: reuptake of severe pain depression hypothyroidism; presence of pain using
Tramadol HCl Dosage: norepinephrine, adrenocortical the pain rating scale.
50mg/cap,1 cap serotonin and insufficiency; renal Encourage client to
enhances serotonin or hepatic describe the quality;
release. It alters impairment; location; intensity of
Brand Name: perception and history of epilepsy pain.
response to pain by or increased risk of Administer drug as
Route: binding to mu-opiate seizures; prescribed.
Per orem receptors in the CNS. inflammatory or Monitor for early signs of
obstructive bowel respiratory depression:
Source: disease; hypoventilation
MIMS myasthaenia hypercapnia
Classification Contraindication Side Effects
gravis; respiratory Dyspnea upon exertion
Suicidal patients, Sweating, dizziness, depression;
Functional: Frequency: acute alcoholism; nausea, vomiting, dry prostatic
Analgesics head injuries; raised mouth, fatigue, hyperplasia
intracranial pressure; asthenia, confusion,
severe renal constipation, flushing,
Chemical: impairment; headache, vertigo,
Opiate tachycardia,
Opioid analgesics Timing: palpitations, miosis,
insomnia, orthostatic
hypotension, seizures
 West Visayas State University
COLLEGE OF NURSING
La Paz, Iloilo City

DRUG STUDY

Dosage, Route,
Mechanism of Special Nursing
Name of Drug Frequency, Indication Adverse Reactions
Action Precautions Responsibilities
Timing
Methyldopa Hypertension Hepatic necrosis, History of Obtain VS as baseline
Generic: stimulates α2- haemolytic anaemia. haemolytic data.
Dosage:
Methyldopa adrenoceptors which anaemia, Monitor and record BP
250mg/tab 1 tab
results in reduced depression, as indicated.
Brand Name: sympathetic tone parkinsonism, Assist client with
and fall in BP. renal or hepatic ambulation or daily
Route:
impairment. May activities with BP
Per orem
Source: impair ability to precaution.
Classification Contraindication Side Effects
MIMS drive or operate Secure safety of client
Phaeochromocytoma, Peripheral edema; machinery. to prevent injusry.
Functional: active liver disease. mental depression, Teach client and folks
Antihypertensives Patients in whom anxiety, nightmares, Monitor blood about orthostatic
Centrally acting previous methyldopa drowsiness, headache; counts and hypotension.
Frequency:
sympatholytic treatment resulted in dry mouth; orthostatic perform LFTs. Monitor apical pulse
Q8H
liver abnormalities or hypotension, sinus Elderly. rate.
direct Coombs' positive bradycardia, sodium
Chemical: haemolytic anaemia. retention,
hyperprolactinaemia,
thrombocytopenia,
Timing: transient leukopenia or
granulocytopenia,
cholestasis or hepatitis
and heptocellular injury,
increased liver
enzymes, jaundice,
dyspnea
 West Visayas State University
COLLEGE OF NURSING
La Paz, Iloilo City

DRUG STUDY

Dosage, Route,
Special Nursing
Name of Drug Frequency, Mechanism of Action Indication Adverse Reactions
Precautions Responsibilities
Timing
Omeprazole suppresses Anaphylaxis Exclude Administer drug as
Generic: gastric acid secretion malignancy, prescribed.
Omeprazole Dosage: by specific inhibition of prolonged use, Administer before
20mg/tab 1 tab the enzyme system hepatic meals.
Brand Name: hydrogen/potassium impairment. Monitor bowel
adenosine Pregnancy, movement and take
triphosphatase (H+/K+ lactation, children note characteristics
Route: ATPase) present on the <1 yr. Elderly and consistency,
Per orem secretory surface of the and Asians frequency of BM.
gastric parietal cell. (increased Watch out for diarrhea
Classification Contraindication Side Effects
bioavailability). and vomiting.
Source: Hypersensitivity to Diarrhoea, nausea, Prevent dehydration
Functional: Frequency: MIMS omperazole fatigue, constipation, by encouraging oral
Antacids OD vomiting, flatulence, intake of fluids if not
Antiulcerants acid regurgitation, taste contraindicated.
Proton pump perversion, arthralgia,
inhibitors myalgia, urticaria, dry
Timing: mouth, dizziness,
Chemical: headache,
paraesthesia,
abdominal pain, skin
rashes, weakness, back
pain, upper respiratory
infection, cough.
 West Visayas State University
COLLEGE OF NURSING
La Paz, Iloilo City

DRUG STUDY

Dosage, Route,
Special Nursing
Name of Drug Frequency, Mechanism of Action Indication Adverse Reactions
Precautions Responsibilities
Timing
Gliclazide stimulates Type II DM Monitor blood Monitor CBG as
Generic: insulin secretion from glucose indicated.
Gliclazide Dosage: pancreatic β-cells, concentration. Teach client and folks
80mg/tab 1 tab reduces hepatic May require about diabetes
Brand Name: gluconeogenesis, and insulin during mellitus and
lowers blood glucose metabolic stress. hypoglycemia.
concentrations. It also Increased risk of Explain importance of
inhibits platelet severe drug compliance.
Classification Contraindication Side Effects
aggregation at hypoglycaemia in
Route: therapeutic doses. Type 1 DM, diabetes GI disturbances, skin elderly,
Functional: Per orem complicated with reaction, leucopenia, debilitated
Antidiabetic Source: ketoacidosis; thrombocytopenia, patients, patients
MIMS hypersensitivity; severe agranulocytosis, with hepatic or
renal and hepatic haemolytic anaemia, renal impairment.
impairment. cholestatic jaundice, Risk of
Chemical: vomiting, diarrhoea, hypogylcaemia
Sulfonamides, urea Frequency: gastritis, increased when caloric
derivatives BID transaminases. intake is
deficient, after
strenuous
exercise, when
taken with
Timing: ethanol or when
>1 antidiabetic
drug is used.
 West Visayas State University
COLLEGE OF NURSING
La Paz, Iloilo City

DRUG STUDY

Dosage, Route,
Mechanism of Special Nursing
Name of Drug Frequency, Indication Adverse Reactions
Action Precautions Responsibilities
Timing
Rifampicin has a Treatment of PTB Hepatitis or shock-like Impaired hepatic or Monitor and record
Generic: broad-spectrum syndrome with hepatic renal function. compliance to
rifampicin Dosage: bactericidal action involvement. Elderly, medication.
450mg/tab 1 tab which inhibits malnourished or Explain importance of
bacterial RNA very young patients. drug and compliance to
Brand Name: synthesis by binding Alcoholic patients. it.
to the β subunit of Monitor blood Explain the
Route: DNA-dependent RNA counts and liver pathophysiology of PTB
Per orem polymerase, thus function regularly. in accordanceto client’s
blocking RNA Body fluids may level of understanding.
Classification Contraindication Side Effects
transcription. It is colour orange-red.
commonly used in the Hypersensitivity, GI disturbances, Discontinue use if
Functional: Frequency: treatment of jaundice, severe pseudomembranous thrombocytopenia or
Antibiotic OD tuberculosis, leprosy hepatic disease. colitis (rare), purpura occurs.
Anti-TB and opportunistic IM/SC admin. abnormalities of liver
atypical Porphyria. Not to be function, fatalities in
Chemical: mycobacterial used for treatment of those with liver
Timing: infection. meningococcal disorders, influenza-
disease. like symptoms, skin
Source: reactions, eosinophilia,
MIMS transient leucopenia,
thrombocytopenia,
purpura, shock,
drowsiness, headache,
ataxia, visual
disturbances
 West Visayas State University
COLLEGE OF NURSING
La Paz, Iloilo City

DRUG STUDY

Dosage, Route,
Mechanism of Special Nursing
Name of Drug Frequency, Indication Adverse Reactions
Action Precautions Responsibilities
Timing
Celecoxib has COX-2 Pain relief Serious skin reactions History of GI Monitor quality and
Generic: specific inhibitory such as exfoliative bleeding; characteristicsof pain.
Dosage: activity. It inhibits the dermatitis, Stevens- renal/hepatic Monitor for relief from
conversion of Johnson syndrome, insufficiency; pain after
arachidonic acid to and toxic epidermal asthma or allergic administration.
Brand Name: prostaglandins while necrolysis. disorders;
Route: having no effect on hypertension;
Per orem the formation of monitor
prostaglandins that haemoglobin or
mediate the normal haematocrit levels
Classification Contraindication Side Effects
homeostasis in the GI for signs of
Frequency: tract, kidneys and Hypersensitivity Abdominal pain, anaemia. History of
Functional: PRN for pain platelets catalysed by including those in diarrhea, nausea, cerebrovascular
Nonsteroidal Anti- COX-1. whom attacks of oedema, dizziness, disease or ischaemic
inflammatory angioedema, rhinitis headache, insomnia, heart disease.
Drugs (NSAIDs) Source: and urticaria have upper respiratory tract
Timing: MIMS been precipitated by infections; rash
Chemical: aspirin, NSAIDs or
sulfonamides. Severe
hepatic impairment;
severe heart failure;
inflammatory bowel
disease; peptic ulcer;
renal impairment
 West Visayas State University
COLLEGE OF NURSING
La Paz, Iloilo City

DRUG STUDY

Dosage, Route,
Mechanism of Special Nursing
Name of Drug Frequency, Indication Adverse Reactions
Action Precautions Responsibilities
Timing
Clonidine stimulates Hypertension Transient hypertension Withdraw gradually, Instruct client not to
Generic: alpha-2 receptors in or profound renal impairment, swallow the tablet.
Clonidine HCl Dosage: brain stem which hypotension, tasks that require Assist during turning
75mg/tab results in reduced respiratory depression, mental alertness. and ambulation with
sympathetic outflow convulsion. Cerebrovascular strict BP precaution.
from the CNS and a disease, ischaemic Monitor and record BP.
Route: decrease in Clonidine withdrawal heart disease, MI. Secure safety of client.
peripheral resistance syndrome could be life Instruct client to change
Brand Name: leading to reduced BP threatening. position slowly.
and pulse rate. It Bradycardia, coma and Explain to folks the
Frequency: does not alter normal disturbances in desired and side effects
PRN for BP haemodynamic conduction (in of the drug.
response to exercise individuals with
at recommended preexisting diseases of
dosages. SA/AV nodes, overdose
Timing: or on digitalis).
Source:
Classification Contraindication Side Effects
MIMS
Functional: Hypersensitivity. Dry mouth,
Antihypertensive Disorders of cardiac nausea,drowsiness,
centrally-acting pacemaker activity dizziness, headache,
antiadrenergic and conduction. constipation, urticaria,
agents impotence, urinary
retention; dry, itching,
Chemical: burning sensation in
the eye; paralytic ileus,
orthostatic hypotension
 West Visayas State University
COLLEGE OF NURSING
La Paz, Iloilo City

DRUG STUDY

Dosage, Route,
Mechanism of Special Nursing
Name of Drug Frequency, Indication Adverse Reactions
Action Precautions Responsibilities
Timing
Paracetamol exhibits Very rare, blood Renal or hepatic Monitor and record
Generic: analgesic action by dyscrasias (e.g. impairment; temperature.
Paracetamol Dosage: peripheral blockage of thrombocytopenia, alcohol-dependent
50mg/tab, 1 tab pain impulse leucopenia, patients
generation. It neutropenia,
produces antipyresis agranulocytosis); liver
Brand Name: by inhibiting the damage.
hypothalamic heat-
Route: regulating centre. Its
Per orem weak anti-
inflammatory activity
is related to inhibition
Classification Contraindication Side Effects
of prostaglandin
synthesis in the CNS. Allergy to Nausea, allergic
Functional: acetaminophen. reactions, skin rashes,
Analgesics Frequency: Source: acute renal tubular
Antipyretics PRN MIMS necrosis.

Chemical:
Acetaminophen
Anilide Timing:
preparations