Documente Academic
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Basic Knowledge of
thermodynamics and heat
transfer Tri Ratna Bajracharya, Ph.D.
Center for Energy Studies (CES)
Institute of Engineering/TU
Pulchowk, Lalitpur
Simple integral type SWH
Heat Transfer
Radiation
Transmission through cover plate!
Incident radiation absorbed by the absorber plate!
Conduction
Heat transfer from absorber plate up to rise tube!
Heat losses from plate to surroundings
Convection
Heat transfer within fluid in the riser pipe!
Heat loss from the absorber plate to the surrounding
Heat loss from the insulation to the surrounding
Conduction Heat
Transfer
T1 T2
Q
A
∆X
Q = KA ∆ T/ ∆ X
Q = heat energy; K = thermal conductivity
T1= source temperature; T2 = sink temperature
X = thickness; A = heat transfer area of the plate.
Convection Heat
Transfer
T1
T2
Q
Surrounding air
A
Q = hA ∆ T
Q = heat energy; h = convective heat tr. coefficient
T1= plate temperature; T2 = air temperature
A = Area of the plate (heat transfer area)
Radiation Heat Transfer
Reflected
Incident Radiation (Gr)
radiation (Gi)
Absorbed
radiation (Ga)
Transmitted
Reflectivity (ρ ) = Gr /Gi radiation (Gt)
Absorptivity (α ) = Ga /Gi
Transmissivity (τ ) = Gt /Gi
ρ +α +τ =1
Working Principle of
SWH
Storage Tank Hot
Hot water Water
3
outlet from Outlet 3
Cold
Height
2
4
Water
Collector Supply
1
Temperature
1
Cold water
inlet in
Collector Principle of
Cold (Dense fluid) Thermosyphon flow
Hot (Less dense
expanded fluid)
Thermal Analysis