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f ′′( xi )( xi +1 − xi ) 2 f ′′′( xi )( xi +1 − xi ) 3 f ′ v ( xi )( xi +1 − xi ) 4
f ( x) ≅ f ( xi +1 ) = f ( xi ) + f ′( xi )( xi +1 − xi ) + + +
2! 3! 4 !
xi = −2
1 1 1 1 1 2
f ( xi ) = =− ; f ′( xi ) = − 2
=− ; f ′′( xi ) = 2 3
=− ;
xi − 1 3 ( xi − 1) 9 ( xi − 1) 27
1 2 1 8
f ′′′( xi ) = −6 4
=− ; f ′ v ( xi ) = 24 5
=−
( xi − 1) 27 ( xi − 1) 81
Ahora formando el polinomio tenemos:
1 1 1 2 ( xi +1 − 2) 2 2 ( xi +1 − 2) 3 8 ( xi +1 − 2) 4
f ( xi +1 ) = = − − ( xi +1 − 2) − − −
xi +1 3 9 27 2! 27 3! 81 4!
1 1 1 1 1 1
Simplifica ndo f ( xi +1 ) = =− − ( xi +1 + 2) − ( xi +1 + 2 ) 2 − ( xi +1 + 2)3 − ( xi +1 + 2) 4
xi +1 − 1 3 9 27 81 243
xi+1=x
1 1 1 1 1
f ( xi + 1 ) = − − ( x + 2) − ( x + 2) 2 − ( x + 2)3 − ( x + 2) 4
3 9 27 81 243
b) f ( x) = In( x 3 ) , n=4, c = 1 = xi
xi + 1 = x
3( x − 1) 2 3( x − 1) 4
In ( xi +1 ) = 3( x − 1) − + ( x − 1) 3 −
2 4
f ′′( xi )( xi +1 − xi ) 2 f ′′′( xi )( xi +1 − xi ) 3
f ( x) ≅ P3 ( xi +1 ) = f ( xi ) + f ′( xi )( xi +1 − xi ) + + Serie de Taylor
2! 3!
f ′′(0)( xi +1 ) 2 f ′′′(0)( xi +1 )3
f ( x) ≅ P3 ( xi +1 ) = f (0) + f ′(0)( xi +1 ) + + Serie de de Mclaurin ( xi = 0)
2! 3!
Entonces xi = 0
π 1 1 2 −3
f ( xi ) = arccos(xi ) = ; f ′( xi ) = − = −1; f ′′( xi ) = (1 − xi ) 2 (−2 xi ) = 0;
2 1 − xi
2 2
3 2 5 1 2 −3
f ′′′( xi ) = − (1 − xi ) 2 (−2 xi )(−2 xi ) − 2− (1 − xi ) 2 = −1
4 2
Ahora reemplazamos el polinomio de Mclaurin
π 0 • ( xi +1 ) 2 1 • ( xi +1 )3 π x3
P3 ( xi +1 ) = − 1 • ( xi +1 ) + − Simplificando f ( x) ≅ P3 ( xi +1 ) = −x−
2 2! 3! 2 6
y(0) = 3
y ′( xi ) = y 3 + 2
y ′(0) = 33 + 2 = 29
dy
y ′′( xi ) = 3 y 2 = 3 y 2 ( y 3 + 2)
dx
y (0) = 3(3) ((3) 3 + 2) = 783
′′ 2
dy
y ′′′( xi ) = 6 y = 6 y ( y 3 + 2)
dx
y ′′′(0) = 6(3)((3) 3 + 2) = 522
dy
y' v ( xi ) = 6 = 6( y 3 + 2)
dx
y' v ( xi ) = 6((3) 3 + 2) = 174 yv = 0
f ( x i ) − f ( x i −1 ) f ( x i ) − f ( x i −1 ) (Oh 2 ) entonces f ( x i ) − f ( x i −1 )
f ′( x i ) = = + → f ′( x i ) = + (Oh)
( x i − x i −1 ) h h h
Para la diferencia finita centrada:
La diferencia finita centrada resulta de la resta de la diferencia finita progresiva
f(xi+1) y la diferencia finita regresiva f(xi-1), entonces:
f ′′( xi )h 2 f ′′′( x i )h 3 f ′ v ( xi )h n
f ( x i +1 ) = f ( xi ) + f ′( xi )h + + + .. +
2 ! 3! n!
f ′′( xi )h 2 f ′′′( xi )h 3 f ′ v ( x i )h n
− f ( x i −1 ) = − f ( x i ) + f ′( xi )h − + + .. +
2 ! 3! n!
2 f ′′′( xi )h
f ( xi +1 ) − f ( xi −1 ) = 2 f ′( xi )h + + ....
3!
f ( xi +1 ) − f ( xi −1 ) = 2 f ′( xi )h + (Oh 3 )
ahora despejando f ′( x i )
f ( x i +1 ) − f ( x i −1 ) (Oh 3 )
f ′( x i ) = + entonces
2h 2h
f ( x i +1 ) − f ( x i −1 )
f ′( x i ) = + (Oh 2 )
2h