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SHEET No.2
PART 2
13. A sample of methane gas having a volume of 2.8 L at C and 1.65 atm was mixed
with a sample of oxygen gas having a volume of 35.0 L at C and 1.25 atm. The
mixture was then ignited to form carbon dioxide and water. Calculate
a- The volume of CO2 formed at a pressure of 2.5 atm and a temperature of C.
b- The % excess of O2.
The mixture was then ignited to form carbon dioxide and water
CH4 + O2 CO2 + 2 H2O
INPUT 0.189 1.755 0 0
REACTED 1X 2X X 2X
OUTPUT (0.189-1X) (1.755-2X) (X) (2X)
% C in Compund =
% H in H2O = =
% H in Compund =
= 0.1304 = 13.04 %
ii. A 62.5 mg sample of the compound was analyzed for nitrogen by the Dumas
method, giving 35.6 ml of N2 at 740 torr and C.
No. mole N2 =
iii. The effusion rate of compound as a gas was measured and found to be (R2)24.6
ml/min. The effusion rate of argon gas under identical conditions is (R1) 26.4
ml/min.
Graham’s Law of Effusion
Mult. Factor =
1 x
reacted mole M
=
Equan No. 1 =
=
=
Equan No. 2 =
ii. A 62.5 mg sample of the compound was analyzed for nitrogen by the Dumas
method, giving 35.6 ml of N2 at 740 torr and C.
No. mole CxHyNz = Mass CxHyNz / M.wt CxHyNz
=
CxHyNz N2
reacted mole
1.4184 =
=
=
Equan No. 3 =
Note
Equan No. 1 =
Equan No. 2 =
Equan No. 3 = =
iii. The effusion rate of compound (CxHyNz) as a gas was measured and found to be
(R2)24.6 ml/min. The effusion rate of argon gas under identical conditions is (R1)
26.4 ml/min.
M. wt CxHyNz=M2=
Graham’s Law of Effusion
=
So That
Equan No. 1 =
Equan No. 2 =
Equan No. 3 = =
Solution: In order to determine the empirical formula, we need to first determine the mass percent of
each element in the compound from the information given above. To determine the % C and H, we need
to use the % of each in CO2 and H2O respectively, so that we can determine the actual mass of each from
the compound:
% C in CO2 = =
% H in H2O = =
% C in Compund =
% H in Compund =
= 0.1076 = 10.76 %
Use the ideal gas low to determine the moles of nitrogen from the sample, convert to grams, and
determine the % of N in the sample. STP is 1 atm, and 273 K
No. mole N2 =
finally, the % mass of oxygen in the compound is the remainder, which ends up being 8.37 %. Now, we
assume we have 100 gm of the compound, and determine the moles of each we have to determine what
the empirical formula is, after dividing everything through by the smallest number of moles:
Now, we’ll use the density measurement to determine the molecular formula. We can rearrange the idal
gas law to get the M.wt of compound from its density
PV=NRT
PV= RT
P = RT
P = RT
=
=
Mult. Factor =
1 x
reacted mole M
=
=
Equan No. 1 =
=
Equan No. 2 =
A sample of 0.4831 g of the compound was analyzed for nitrogen by the Dumas
method. At STP 27.6 ml of dry N2 was obtained
No. mole N2 =
CxHyNz N2
reacted mole
0.001232 gmole =
0.001232 =
=
Equan No. 3 =
Now, we’ll use the density measurement to determine the molecular formula. We can rearrange the idal
gas law to get the M.wt of compound from its density
PV=NRT
PV= RT
P = RT
P = RT
=
=
So That
Equan No. 1 =
Equan No. 2 =
Equan No. 3 = =
The amount of Oxygen from any equation from the three previous substite the
values of x, y, and f to get the value of z
Equan No. 1 =
=
=
=
=
=
=
V2=
= Equation No. 1
From the two previous Equation I can get the value of X and Y
Equation No. 1
Equation No. 2 =141.770
So That X≈2 and Y≈6
The molecular formula of compound is C2H6
17. A plane uses C8H10 as a fuel. Assume complete combustion, calculate the % excess
air needed such that water vapor in the combustion products is about to condense
at C and total pressure 736 mmHg. Calculate the density of the combustion
products and the partial pressure of the CO2. (Saturated vapor pressure of water at
C is 92.4 mmHg).
18. According to a law that limits the % CO2 in combustion product on dry basis to 10%,
Calculate the % excess of air needed for the complete combustion of C5 H12.
Calculate the % excess of air needed for the complete combustion of C5 H12
The % excess of Air= =
The % excess of O2= = =
19. Calculate the quantity of air needed for the combustion of 220 gm of propane (C3H8)
in a furnace that uses 20% excess air. Calculate the volume of air at a pressure of
750 mmHg and a temperature o , Calculate the volume and density of the
combustion products and the partial pressure of CO2
1ststep you have to write a balanced combustion reaction (assume that we use Oxygen only in
combustion)
C3H8 + 5 O2 3CO2 + 4H2O
from previous reaction we notes that every 1 mole of propane need 5 mole of Oxygen to make a
complete combustion.
2ndstep you have to write a balanced combustion reaction using theoretical amount of air
(ratio between Oxygen and Nitrogen in air is 21:79 ≈ 1:4, this mean that every 1 mole of
Oxygen have 4 mole of nitrogen)
C3H8 + 5 O2 + 20 N2 3CO2 + 4H2O +20 N2
3rdstep add the 20% excess to the theoretical amount of air ( ideal amount + 0.2 * ideal
amount )
C3H8 + 5 O2 + 20 N2 + 0.2 (5 O2 + 20 N2 ) 3CO2 + 4H2O +20 N2+0.2 (5 O2 + 20 N2)
C3H8 + 5 O2 + 20 N2 + 1 O2 + 4 N2 3CO2 + 4H2O +20 N2+1 O2 + 4 N2
C3H8 + 6 O2 + 24 N2 3CO2 + 4H2O +24 N2+1 O2
5th step Calculate the amount of air I need it to burn 5 mole of propane
C3H8 + 6 O2 + 24 N2 3CO2 + 4H2O +24 N2+1 O2
1 6 24 3 4 24 1
5 30 120 15 20 120 5
No. mole of air required to make complete combustion = 25+100= 125 gmole
No. mole of air entered to furnace = 30+120= 150 gmole
Calculate the volume and density of the combustion products and the partial
pressure of CO2 at a pressure of 730 mmHg and a temperature of
P CO2 =
20. Methane (CH4) gas flow into a combustion chamber at a rate of 200 lit/min at 1.50
atm and ambient temperature. Air is added to the chamber at 1.00 atm and the same
temperature, and the gases are ignited.
a- Amount of oxygen to ensure complete combustion of CH4 to CO2 (g) and H2O (g),
three times as much oxygen as is necessary is reacted. Assuming air is 21 mole
percent O2 and 79 mole percent N2 Calculate the flow rate of air necessary to deliver
the require.
b- Under the conditions in part a, combustion of methane was not complete as a
mixture of CO2 (g) and CO (g) was produced. It was determined that 95.0 % of the
carbon in the exhaust gas was present in CO2. The remainder was present as carbon
in CO. Calculate the composition of exhaust gas in terms of mole fraction of CO, CO2,
O2, N2 and H2O. Assume CH4 is completely reacted and N2 is unreached.
Calculate the Mole flow rate to get Mole flow rate of air from the balanced Combustion
reaction
Methane flow conditions ; Pressure =1.50 atm
Temperature= C=25+273= 298
Rate of Methane=
P V = N R T
( atm ) ( Lit/min ) = ( g mole/min ) ( ) ( oK )
A- Amount of oxygen
Theoretical O2 is 24.554 gmole/min
Real O2 is 73.662 gmole/min
B- Calculate the composition of exhaust gas in terms of mole fraction of CO, CO2, O2,
N2 and H2O. Assume CH4 is completely reacted and N2 is unreached
CH4 + O2 + N2 CO+ CO2 + 2 H2O + 8 N2