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Q.(3) Derive an expression for the electric potential at a point along the
axial line of the dipole. Mention one contrasting feature of electric
potential of a dipole at a point as compared to that due to a single
charge.
Q(6) Derive an expression for the energy stored in a capacitor with air as
the medium between its plates. How does the stored energy change if air
is replaced by a medium of dielectric constant k ?
Q.(8) Derive Ohm’s law on the basis of the theory of electron drift.
Q(9) Deduce the relation connecting current density (J) and the
conductivity (σ) of the conductor, when an electric field E is applied to it.
Q(11) Define the term potential gradient .with the help of a circuit
diagram, explain how a potentiometer can be used to compare of emfs of
two primary cells.
Q(16) State the principle and draw a labeled diagram of moving coil
galvanometer.
(ii) Write an expression for the potential energy of the magnet in this
orientation. When is this energy minimum ?
Q(27) Refraction formula at a convex surface when the object lies in rarer
medium and the image is real. (µ2/v -µ1/u)= (µ2 -µ1)/R
Q(29) Derive the len’s maker’s formula for a double convex lens.
Q(30) Derive the expression for the refractive index of the material of the
prism in terms of the angle of the prism and angle of minimum deviation.
Q(31) Compound microscope & its magnifying power , Ray diagram (i)
when image formed at infinity (ii) when image formed at least distance of
distinct vision point.
Q(32) Astronomical telescope & its magnifying power , Ray diagram (i)
when image formed at infinity (ii) when image formed at least distance of
distinct vision point.
Q(34) Illustrate with the help of suitable diagram, action of the following
on a plane wavefront incident on (i) a prism (ii) a convex lens and (iii) a
concave mirror.
Q(36) Explain diffraction at a single slit. Derive relation for the linear
width of central maximum.
Q(44) P-N junction diode & its V-I characteristics curve (forward & Reverse
Bias)
Q(45) Half –Wave Rectifier or Full wave Rectifier used as a Junction diode
Q.(50) Deduce an expression for the distance upto which the TV signals
can directly be received from TV tower of Height h. OR Numerical related
this formula OR for the maximum line of sight (LOS).
Q. 2. Give the relationship between free energy change and EMF of a cell.
Q. 7. How will you identify whether the given electrolyte is a strong or a weak?
Q. 8. Name the metal that can be used in cathodic protection of iron against rusting.
Q. 17. Find the value of equilibrium constant from the following data-
Q. 18. Calculate standard free energy change for the following chemical reaction –
1.
2.
1. Primary Cells
2. Secondary Cell
3. Fuel Cell
Q. 21. What is Nernst equation? Write its expression for single electrode and cell.
Q. 6. Define Monosaccharides?
Q. 12. Define Carbohydrates? Give their basic classification depending upon their
behaviour towards hydrolysis.
Q. 16. Write a short note on cellulose and give its chemical structure.
Q. 18. How are peptides formed. Show the formation of a peptide bond with the help
of a diagram.
(b). Explain the following with suitable examples: Homoleptic and Heteroleptic
ligands, Coordination number.
i. [Co(H2O)(CN)(en)2]2+
ii. [PtCl4]2–
iii. [Cr(NH 3)3Cl3]
iv. [CoBr2(en)2]+
v. K3[Fe(CN)6]
Q. 4. (a) Using IUPAC norms write the formulae for the following:
i. Tetrahydroxozincate(II) ion
ii. pentaamminenitrito-N-cobalt (III)
iii. Potassiumtri(oxalato) chromate (III)
iv. Diamminedichloridoplatinum (II)
v. Hexaammine cobalt (III) sulphate
vi. Potassiumtetrachloridopalladate (II)
vii. Hexaammineplatinum (IV)
viii. potassiumtetracyanonickelate (II)
ix. Tetrabromido cuprate (II)
x. pentaamminenitrito-O-cobalt (III)
xi. Tetraammineaquachloridocobalt (III) chloride
xii. Potassiumtetrahydroxozincate (II)
xiii. Potassiumtrioxalatoaluminate (III)
xiv. Dichloride bis (ethane-1, 2-diamine) cobalt (III)
xv. Tetracarbonylnickel (0)
1. Tetraamminediaquacobalt(III) chloride
2. Potassium tetracyanonickelate(II)
3. Tris(ethane–1, 2–diamine) chromium(III) chloride
4. Amminebromidochloridonitrito-N-platinate(II)
5. Dichloridobis(ethane–1, 2–diamine)platinum(IV) nitrate
6. Iron(III) hexacyanoferrate(II)
i. [Pt (NH3)4Cl(NO2)]+
ii. K3[Cr (C2O4)3]
iii. [CoCl2 (en) 2]Cl
iv. [Co (NH3)5(CO3)]Cl
v. Hg [Co (SCN)4]
vi. [Co (NH3)6)]Cl3
vii. [Co (NH3)5Cl]Cl2
viii. K3 [Fe (CN) 6]
ix. K3 [Fe (C2O4)3]
x. K2 [PdCl4]
xi. [Pt (NH3)2Cl (NH2CH3)]Cl
xii. [NiCl4]2-
xiii. [Ni (CO) 4]
xiv. [Co (en) 3]3+
xv. [Co (NH3)6] Cl3
xvi. [Co (NH3)4Cl (NO2)]Cl
xvii. [Ni (NH3)6]Cl2
xviii. [Mn (H2O)6]+
xix. [Co (en) 3]3+
xx. [Ti(H2O)6]3+
i. [Co(NH3)6]Cl3
ii. [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2
iii. K3[Fe(CN)6]
iv. K3[Fe(C2O4)3]
v. K2[PdCl4]
vi. [Pt(NH3)2Cl(NH2CH3)]Cl
a. +1
b. +3
c. -1
d. -3
i. Linkage Isomerism
ii. Ionization isomerism
iii. Coordination isomerism
iv. Solvate(Hydrate)isomerism
a. [CrCl(en)2(NH3)]2+
b. [CrCl2(en)2]+
c. [Cr(C2O4)3]3-
d. [PtCl 2(en)2]+
e. [CrCl2 (en) (NH3)2]2+
f. [CoCl (en) 2(NH3)] 2+
g. K[Cr (H2O) 2(C2O4)2]
h. [Co(en)3]Cl3
Q. 9. Draw all the structures of geometrical isomers of:
a. [Pt(NH3)2Cl2]
b. [ Co(NH3)4Cl2]+
c. [ CrCl(en)2(NH3)]2+
d. [ CrCl2 (en) 2] +
e. [ Pt (NH3) (H2O) Cl2]
f. [ CoCl (en) 2(NH3)] 2+
g. [ CrCl2 (en)(NH3)2]2+
Q. 10. Write all the geometrical isomers of [Pt(NH3)(Br)(Cl)(py)] and how many of
these will exhibit optical isomers?
Q. 13. Indicate the types of isomerism exhibited by the following complexes and
draw the structures for these isomers:
i. K[Cr(H2O)2(C2O4)2
ii. [Co(en)3]Cl3
iii. [Co(NH3)5(NO2)](NO3)2
iv. [Pt(NH3)(H2O)Cl2]
Q. 14. Give evidence that [Co(NH3)5Cl] SO4 and [Co(NH3)5SO4]Cl are ionization
isomers.
Q. 15. Using VBT Predict the Magnetic behaviour, Hybridization, Shape of following
i. [ Fe (CN)6]4-
ii. [ Fe F6]3-
iii. [ Co F6]3-
iv. [ Co(C2O4)3]3-
v. [ Ni(CN)4]2-
vi. [ NiCl4]2-
vii. [ Ni (CO)4]
viii. [ Fe (H2O) 6]3+
ix. [ Fe (CN)6]3-
x. [ Co (NH3)6] +3
xi. [ Ni (NH3)6] +2
xii. [ Ti(H2O)6]3+
Q. 17. The spin only magnetic moment of [MnBr4]2– is 5.9 BM. Predict the geometry
of the complex ion.
Q. 18. 4. Predict the number of unpaired electrons in the square planar [Pt(CN)4]2–
ion.
Q. 21. The Hexaaquomanganese (II) ion contains five unpaired electrons, while the
Hexacyano manganese (II) ion contains only one unpaired electron. Explain using
CFT.
Q. 22. (a)Write down the IUPAC name for each of the following complexes and
indicate the oxidation state, electronic configuration and coordination number. Also
give stereochemistry and magnetic moment of the complex:
i. K[Cr(H2O)2(C2O4)2]3H2O
ii. [CrCl3(py)3] (v) K4[Mn(CN)6]
iii. [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2
iv. Cs[FeCl4]
(b) Give the oxidation state, d orbital occupation and coordination number of the
central metal ion in the following complexes:
i. K3[Co(C2O4)3]
ii. (NH4)2[CoF4]
iii. cis-[Cr(en)2Cl2]Cl
iv. [Mn(H2O)6]SO4
a. Biological systems
b. Analytical Chemistry
c. Medicinal Chemistry
d. metallurgy / Extraction of metals
Q. 25. What is the coordination entity formed when excess of aqueous KCN is
added to an aqueous solution of Copper sulphate? Why is it that no precipitates of
Copper sulphide is obtained when H2S (g) is passed through this solution.
Q. 26. What is spectrochemical series? Explain the difference between a weak field
ligand and a strong field ligand.
Q. 27. What is crystal field splitting energy? How does the magnitude of ∆0 decide
the actual configuration of d-orbital in a coordination entity?
(a). How many ions are produced from the complex Co(NH3)6Cl2 in solution?
i. 6
ii. 4
iii. 3
iv. 2
(b). Amongst the following ions which one has the highest magnetic moment value?
i. [Cr(H2O)6]3+
ii. [Fe(H2O)6]2+
iii. [Zn(H2O)6]2+
i. [Fe(H2O)6]3+
ii. [Fe(NH3)6]3+
iii. [Fe(C2O4)3]3–
iv. [FeCl6]3–
Q. 32. What will be the correct order for the wavelengths of absorption in the visible
region for the following: [Ni(NO2)6]4–, [Ni(NH3)6]2+, [Ni(H2O)6]2+ ?
Paper Submitted By:
Name: Mr. NAVEEN KUMAR GARG
Email: ngargmsc@gmail.com
Phone No: 09412584464
Q. 1. Among the isomeric alkanes of molecular formula C5H12, identify the one that
on photochemical chlorination yields (i) A single monochloride (ii) Three isomeric
monochlorides. (1 mark)
Q. 4. With the help of an example discuss the stereo chemistry involved in SN1 and
SN 2 mechanism. (2 marks)
Q. 6. Draw the structures of all isomeric alcohols of molecular formula C5H12O and
give their IUPAC names. Classify these isomers of alcohols as primary, secondary
and tertiary alcohols. (2 marks)
Q. 9. (a) Explain the fact that in aryl alkyl ethers (i) the alkoxy group activates the
benzene ring towards electrophilic substitution and (ii) it directs the incoming
substituents to ortho and para positions in benzene ring. (2 mark)
(b) Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their acid strength: (1
mark)
Propan-1-ol, 2,4,6-trinitrophenol, 3-nitrophenol, 3,5-dinitrophenol, phenol, 4-
methylphenol
Q. 12. How will you bring about the following conversions in not more than two
steps. (5 marks)
a. Propanone to Propene
b. Benzene to m-Nitroacetophenone
c. Chlorobenzene to benzoic acid
d. Propanoic acid to propene
e. Propyne to propan-2-ol
Q. 13. Explain the following with the help of suitable examples: (5 marks)
Q. 14. (a) An organic compound (A) (molecular formula C8H16O2) was hydrolysed
with dilute sulphuric acid to give a carboxylic acid (B) and an alcohol (C). Oxidation
of (C) with chromic acid produced (B). (C) on dehydration gives but-1-ene. Write
equations for the reactions involved
Q. 15. Primary alkyl halide C4H9Br (a) reacted with alcoholic KOH to give compound
(b). Compound (b) is reacted with HBr to give (c) which is an isomer of (a). When (a)
is reacted with sodium metal it gives compound (d), C8H18 which is different from
the compound formed when n-butyl bromide is reacted with sodium. Give the
structural formula of (a) and write the equations for all the reactions.
(b) Discuss the amphoteric nature of amino acid with suitable example.
i. Denaturation
ii. invert sugar
iii. Globular proteins
(b) Draw the structures of major mono halo products in each of the following
reactions. (2 marks)
(i) (ii)
(2 marks)
Or
Q. 19. (a) Discuss the chemistry involved in Brown ring test for nitrate ion. Give
equations also. 2 marks
i. P4 + SOCl2 ---------------à
ii. 4 AgNO3 + 2H2O + H3PO4 -------------à
iii. NaCl + MnO2 + H2SO4 ------------------à
Or
Q. 20. (i) What are interstitial compounds? Why are such compounds well known for
transition metals? (1 marks)
(ii) How is the variability in oxidation states of transition metals different from that of
the non transition metals? Illustrate with examples. (1 marks)
(iii)Describe the preparation of potassium dichromate from iron chromite ore. What
is the effect of increasing pH on a solution of potassium dichromate? (2 + 1 marks)
Or
a. Sc, the first member of first transition series doesn’t exhibit variable oxidation
state. Account for the following
b. Transition metals have a strong tendency to form complexes.
c. Zirconium (atomic no 40) and hafnium (atomic no 72) exhibit similar
properties.
(ii) How does acidified solution of potassium dichromate react with (a) FeSO4 and
(b) H2S?
Q. 3. Ionic radius of Sb and Bi are very less when compared to the ionic radius of
N,P and As.
Q. 4. Metallic character of group 15 elements decreases on going down the group.
Q. 11. In group 15, +3 oxidation state is more stable than +5 oxidation state on
going down the group .
Q. 13. Basicity of hydrides NH3> PH3 > AsH3 > SbH3 > BiH3
Q. 14. Stability of hydrides NH3> PH3 > AsH3 > SbH3 > BiH3
Q. 16. The oxides in higher oxidation states of group 15 elements are more acidic
than that of lower oxidation state.
Q. 20. All the five bonds in PCl5 are not equivalent.(Or) PCl5 is more reactive than
PCl3.
Q. 27. White phosphorus is more reactive than red phosphorus. Black phosphorus is
least reactive.
Q. 29. HNH bond angle in NH3 is less than the tetra hedral bond angle of 109.50.
Q. 31. H3PO4 is tri protic, H3PO3is diprotic while H3PO2 is mono protic.
Q. 34. NO is an odd electron molecule but does not dimerise to give N2O2.
Q. 35. Sulphur has very high boiling and melting point when compared to oxygen.
Q. 37. In group 16 +4 oxidation state become more stable than +6 oxidation state on
going down the group.
Q. 38. Oxygen can show a maximum covalency of 4 and it can not form hexa valent
compound.
Q. 51. HCl and HNO3 are prepared by reacting NaCl and NaNO3 respectively with
H2SO4 while
HBr and HI can’t be prepared by this method.
Q. 56. Halogens have maximum negative electron gain enthalpy in each period.
Q. 57. Fluorine has lesser negative value of electron gain enthalpy than chlorine.
Q. 60. Fluorine has lesser negative value of electron gain enthalpy than chlorine but
fluorine is a stronger oxidizing agent than chlorine.
Q. 61. Fluorine shows only – 1 oxidation state. Other halogens can exhibit positive
oxidation state.
Q. 62. Halogens show positive oxidation state when they combine with oxygen and
fluorine atoms.
Q. 63. Halogens are good oxidizing agent and oxidizing power (reactivity) decreases
with the increase in atomic number.
Q. 66. HF has highest boiling point while HCl has lowest boiling point among
hydrogen halides.
Q. 69. Thermal stability of group 16 hydrides H6O > H6S > H6Se > H6Te
Q. 71. Oxygen and chlorine has similar electro negativity. Oxygen form hydrogen
bonding but not chlorine.
Q. 73. Electron gain enthalpy of O O- is – 141 KJ/mole and O O --> O2- is + 702
KJ/mole.
Large number of oxides having O2- is known and not O-.
Q. 74. In metal halides, halides in higher oxidation state of the metal is more
covalent than
the one in lower oxidation state.(PbCl4 is more covalent than PbCl2)
Q. 75. Inter halogen compound is more reactive than the halogens from which it is
formed.
Q. 82. Fluorine form fluoride of oxygen while other halogens form oxides of halogen.
Q. 84. Group 18 elements have very high ionization enthalpy and it decreases on
going down the group.
Q. 86. Group 18 elements have lower value of boiling and melting point and it
increases on going down the group.
Q. 92. Oxygen has lesser negative value of electron gain enthalpy than Sulphur.
Q. 95. Determine the order of the reaction if its half life is inversely proportional to
theinitial concentration of the reactant.
Q. 97. Write the IUPAC name of the compound CH3 OCOCH2 CH2 COO CH3
Q. 100. The outer electronic configuration of two elements of lanthanoids are given
below
OR A compound having two chiral centers does not always have four stereo
isomers. Justify this statement with a suitable example.
Q. 102. Mention the differences between thermo setting and thermo plastic
polymers.
i. U+ClF3®
ii. Ca3(PO4)2 +SiO2 +C®
Q. 109.
Q. 110. Explain the terms activity and selectivity of catalyst with examples.
Q. 111
Q. 112. Using Valence bond theory compare the structure and magnetic behavior of
i. Ni (CO)4
ii. [Ni (CN)4]2- Atomic number of Ni=28
Q. 113.
i. In ammonalysis of halo alkanes primary amine is the only product when NH3is
taken in large excess.
ii. Tert amine has lower boiling point than primary amine of comparable
molarmass,
iii. Amide formed in acylation reaction of amine, does not react further withacid
halide.
Q. 117.
OR
i. P4O10
ii. per oxo mono sulphuric acid.
OR
i. SF4
ii. IF4¯
Q. 119.
OR
a. Define the terms (i) codon (ii) native state of protein (iii) Denaturation of
protein.
b. Write the name of the nucleoside which is present only in (i) DNA (ii) RNA.
Q. 121. A cubic solid is made of two elements X and Y. Atoms Y are at the corners
of the cube and X at the body centre. What is the formula of the compound?
Q. 128. How many effective sodium ions are located at the centres of faces of a unit
cell in a sodium chloride crystal?
Q. 141. Cu,Ag &Au are considered as transition metal though it has 3d,10
configuration.
Q. 146. Atomic and ionic radii generally decrease along the period.
Q. 151. Cr &Cu has higher second ionisation enthalpy (Cr = 24,Cu = 29)
Q. 153. Cu, Ni and Zn normally do not exhibit oxidation state higher than +2.
Q. 171. La3+ and Lu3+ are colourless and diamagnetic. (La=57 Lu=71).
Q. 172. Ln are paramagnetic.
Q. 181. Ionisation enthalpies of early actinoids are lesser than that of early
lanthanoids.
Q. 183. Co(II) is stable in aqueous solution but get oxidised in the presence of
complexing agents.
Q. 185. Transition metals exhibit higher oxidation state in oxides and flourides.
Q. 189. Number of oxidation states at the extreme ends of 3d transition metals are
very few.
Q. 190. Transition metals in higher oxidation states are more stabilized in oxides
than in fluorides.
Q. 196. Cu2+ (aq) is more stable than Cu+ (aq) despite the d10 configuration of Cu+
Q. 199. KMnO4 titration is not carried out using HCl as acid medium.
Q. 200. Third ionization enthalpy of La, Gd and Lu are abnormally low( La = 57, Gd
= 64, Lu = 71)
Q. 201. 5f electrons can take part in bonding to a greater extent than 4f electron
though both have similar angular wave function.
a. NO
b. NO2
c. N2O
d. N2O3
e. N2O4
f. N2O5.
g. O3.
Also draw the structures of each clearly depicting the bond parameters.
a. NH3
b. HNO3
c. White phosphorus
d. Red phosphorus
e. PCl3
f. PCl5
g. Phosphoric acid
h. Phosphorus acid
i. Hypo phosphorus acid
j. Pyro phosphoric acid
k. cyclic tri meta phosphoric acid
l. Poly meta phosphoric acid.
m. S8
n. S6
o. Sulphuric acid
p. sulphurus acid
q. Peroxo di sulphuric acid
r. Pyro sulphuric acid (oleum)
s. HOCl
t. HClO2
u. HClO3
v. HClO4
w. BrF3
x. IF5
y. IF7
z. IF4- aa) SF4 bb) SF6 cc) XeOF4 dd) BrO3- ee) XeF2 ff) XeF4 gg) XeF6 hh)
XeOF4 ii) XeO3
Q. 4. Give the formula and structure of noble gas species which is iso structural with
a. ICl4-
b. IBr2-
c. IF6-
d. BrO3-
Q. 5. Why does nitrogen shows anomalous behavior? Give examples to show the
anomalous behavior of nitrogen.
Q. 6. Why does oxygen shows anomalous behavior? Give examples to show the
anomalous behavior of oxygen.
Q. 7. Why does fluorine shows anomalous behavior? Give examples to show the
anomalous behavior of fluorine.
a. HNO2
b. Se2Cl2
c. H3PO2
a. N2
b. PH3
c. O2
d. Ozone
e. SO2
f. Cl2
g. ClO2
h. BrO3
i. I2O5
j. Cl2 k) HCl
k. ClF3
l. He
m. Ne
n. Ar
o. Kr
p. Xe
a. Fe3+
b. Zn2+
c. Ag+
Q. 15. What is aqua regia? How does it dissolve noble metals like Au and Pt? Write
the equations of the reactions involved.
Q. 17. How is
a. N2
b. O2
c. Cl2 prepared in the laboratory? Write the equations of the reactions involved.
Q. 18. How is
a. N2
b. O2
c. Cl2 manufactured in the industry? Write the equations of the reactions involved
in the manufacture of Cl2.
Q. 19. How is ammonia prepared in laboratory? Write the equation of the reaction
involved.
Q. 20. How is HNO3 prepared in laboratory? Write the equation of the reaction
involved.
a. Calcium phosphide
b. White phosphorus.
a. Cl2
b. SO2Cl2?
1. Cl2
2. SOCl2?
Q. 24. How is HCl prepared from NaCl? Write the equations of the reactions
involved
a. Chile saltpetre
b. Indian saltpetre
c. Fluorapatite
d. Gypsum salt
e. Epsom salt
f. Baryte
g. Galena
h. Zinc blende
i. Copper pyrite
j. Florospar
k. cryolite
l. Fluoroapatite
m. carnalite.
n. Tear gas
o. mustard gas
p. Phosgene
Q. 26. With what neutral molecule ClO- is iso electronic? Is that molecule a lewis
base?
Q. 28. How is phosphine purified? Write the equations of the reactions involved.
Q. 3. Ionic radius of Sb and Bi are very less when compared to the ionic radius of
N,P and As.
Q. .4. Metallic character of group 15 elements decreases on going down the group.
Q. 13. Basicity of hydrides NH3> PH3 > AsH3 > SbH3 > BiH3
Q. 14. Stability of hydrides NH3> PH3 > AsH3 > SbH3 > BiH3
Q. 15. Reducing character of hydrides NH3< PH3 < AsH3 < SbH3 <BiH3
Q. 16. The oxides in higher oxidation states of group 15 elements are more acidic
than that of lower oxidation state.
Q. 20. All the five bonds in PCl5 are not equivalent.(Or) PCl5 is more reactive than
PCl3.
Q. 27. White phosphorus is more reactive than red phosphorus. Black phosphorus is
least reactive.
Q. 29. HNH bond angle in NH3 is less than the tetra hedral bond angle of 109.50.
Q. 31. H3PO4 is tri protic, H3PO3 is diprotic while H3PO2 is mono protic.
Q. 34. NO is an odd electron molecule but does not dimerise to give N2O2.
Q. 35. Sulphur has very high boiling and melting point when compared to oxygen.
Q. 37. In group 16 +4 oxidation state become more stable than +6 oxidation state on
going down the group.
Q. 38. Oxygen can show a maximum covalency of 4 and it can not form hexa valent
compound.
Q. 39. Acidity of group 16 hydrides H2O <H2 S < H2Se < H2Te.
Q. 40. Reducing character of group 16 hydrides H2O <H2 S < H2Se < H2Te
Q. 51. HCl and HNO3 are prepared by reacting NaCl and NaNO3 respectively with
H2SO4 while HBr and HI can’t be prepared by this method.
Q. 56. Halogens have maximum negative electron gain enthalpy in each period.
Q. 57. Fluorine has lesser negative value of electron gain enthalpy than chlorine.
Q. 60. Fluorine has lesser negative value of electron gain enthalpy than chlorine but
fluorine is a stronger oxidizing agent than chlorine.
Q. 61. Fluorine shows only – 1 oxidation state. Other halogens can exhibit positive
oxidation state.
Q. 62. Halogens show positive oxidation state when they combine with oxygen and
fluorine atoms.
Q. 63. Halogens are good oxidizing agent and oxidizing power (reactivity) decreases
with the increase in atomic number.
Q. 66. HF has highest boiling point while HCl has lowest boiling point among
hydrogen halides.
Q. 68. Thermal stability of hydrogen halides HF > HCl > HBr > HI
Q. 69. Thermal stability of group 16 hydrides H6O > H6S > H6Se > H6Te
Q. 71. Oxygen and chlorine has similar electro negativity. Oxygen form hydrogen
bonding but not chlorine.
Q. 73. Electron gain enthalpy of O O- is – 141 KJ/mole and O O --> O2- is + 702
KJ/mole. Large number of oxides having O2- is known and not O-.
Q. 74. In metal halides, halides in higher oxidation state of the metal is more
covalent than the one in lower oxidation state.(PbCl4 is more covalent than PbCl2)
Q. 75. Inter halogen compound is more reactive than the halogens from which it is
formed.
Q. 82. Fluorine form fluoride of oxygen while other halogens form oxides of halogen.
Q. 84. Group 18 elements have very high ionization enthalpy and it decreases on
going down the group.
Q. 86. Group 18 elements have lower value of boiling and melting point and it
increases on going down the group.
Q. 88. Bartlett synthesized XePtF6 from his knowledge of earlier known compound
O2PtF6.
Q. 92. Oxygen has lesser negative value of electron gain enthalpy than Sulphur.
i. Acidic strength
ii. Reactivity towards HCl.
i. BP
ii. Polarity
a. Rosenmund Reduction
b. Cannizaro Reaction
c. Fischer Esterification.
Q. 15. Why aniline is more reactive than benzene? Why for halogenation of aniline,
it is first treated with acetic anhydride?
Or
Arrange primary, secondary, tertiary amines in increasing order of basic strength.
Q. 16. Arrange:
a. o-methyl aniline, m-methyl aniline, p-methyl aniline, aniline and m-nitro aniline
in increasing order of basic strength.
b. o-hydroxy benzoic acid, p-hydroxy benzoic acid, m-hydroxy benzoic acid and
benzoic acid (increasing order of acidic strength)
Q. 17. Explain:
Q. 18. What is Van’t Hoff Factor? Why do some solutes show abnormal molecular
masses? What is the value of Van’t Hoff Factor for
a. Association
b. Dissociation
c. Non-electrolytes.
Q. 21. Convert:
a. Ethanamine to methanamine
b. Methanamine to ethanamide
c. Phenol to phenolphthalein
Q. 23. A 0.1539 molal aq solution of cane sugar (MM = 342gm) has a FP of 271 K
while FP of pure water is 273.15K. What will be FP of a aq solution containing 5 gm
of glucose (MM = 180gm) per 100 gm of solution.
Q. 24. Write short notes on
Or
a. What are interhalogen compounds? What are their types? Give examples.
Why are interhalogen compounds more recative than corresponding
halogens? (3)
b. Arrange: i) HClO, HClO2, HClO3, HClO4 (Increasing Acidic Strength)
c. Hydrides of group 17 (Thermal stability and Reducing Character)
Q. 26. Convert:
a. Chlorobenzene to phenol
b. Phenol to 2-acetoxy benzoic acid
c. Benzene to m-nitro benzene
d. Toluene to Benzyl Chloride
e. 2-propanol to 1-bromopropane.
Q. 27.
2 Marks questions
Q. 1. Why water from the soil rises to the top of the trees?
Q. 9. The boiling points of ethyl alcohol and methyl alcohol are 78.3ºC and 64.5ºC.
Which of them has a higher vapour pressure?
2 Marks questions
Q. 11. Define Osmotic Pressure. Arrange the following in increasing order of OP:
Q. 14. Define Colligative Property. Show that relative lowering in vapour pressure is
equal to mole fraction of solute.
Q. 15. Explain why addition of solute lowers freezing point of sol. Draw the graph
also.
3 Marks questions
i. Molarity
ii. Normaility
iii. Molality.
Q. 18. Osmotic Pressure of Blood is 8.21 atm at 370C. How much glucose should be
used per litre for an intravenous injection that is isotonic with blood?
5 Marks questions
Q. 19. Define Van’t Hoff Factor. Why do some solutes show abnormal molar
masses? Give the value of Van’t Hoff Factor for i) Association ii) Dissociation iii)
Non-Electrolytes. How do colligative properties get modified with help of Van’t Hoff
Factor. Give equation only.
Q. 20. Define and give characteristics of ideal and non-ideal solutions. With the help
of graph and examples explain types of non-ideal solutions.
i. XeOF4
ii. XeO3.
Q. 10. Arrange: HClO, HClO2, HClO3, HClO4 in increasing order of acidic strength.
Q. 12. OF2 should be called oxygen difluoride and not fluorine oxygen.
Q. 19. Arrange the halides of group no.17 in increasing order of acidic strength,
boiling point, thermal stability, reducing strength, bond dissociation energy.
Q. 23. Explain why halogens except F show oxidation state of +5, +3, +1 etc
(3marks)
Q. 24. What are interhalogen compounds? What are their various types? Give
examples of interhalogen compounds. Why are interhalogen compounds more
reactive than corresponding halogens? (5)
Q. 4. Write the ionic equations of the reactions involved when acidified KMnO4is
treated with
a. FAS solution
b. Oxalic acid solution
c. hydrogen sulphide
d. KI solution
e. Sn2+ solution
f. SO32-
g. NO2-
Q. 5. Write the ionic equation of the reaction involved when alkaline KMnO4 is
reacted with
a. KI solution.
2-
b. S2O3
Q. 6. Write the ionic equation of the reaction involved when acidified K2Cr2O7 reacts
with
a. Sn2+solution
b. SO2
c. hydrogen sulphide
2+
d. Fe
a. electronic configuration
b. oxidation state
c. ionization enthalpy
d. chemical reactivity
e. magnetic behaviour f) atomic size
Q. 10. Compare the general characteristic of first row transition metals with those of
second and third series metals in the respective vertical columns with reference to
a. electronic configuration
b. oxidation state
c. ionization enthalpies
d. atomic size.
Q. 11. Compare the stability of +2 oxidation state for the elements of the 3d series.
Q. 12. Cr2+(aq) is a better reducing agent than Fe2+ despite the half filled stability of
Fe3+ Why?
Q. 13. Which transition metal exhibit only one oxidation state. Why?
Q. 14. For M2+/M and M3+/M2+ systems E0 values of some metals are given below.
Q. 15. Outer electronic configuration of elements a) X = 4f1 5d1 6s2 b) Y=4f7 5d0 6s2
Determine the
Q. 16. Outer electronic configuration of element X is 5f7 6d0 7s2 Determine the
atomic number of the element. What is the stable oxidation state of this element?
a. Cu+ ion
b. MnO42- ion.
Q. 20. What are transition metals? Which three elements are not considered as
transition metals though they are kept in d block? In which way the electronic
configuration of transition element differ from non transition elements?
Q. 2. Cu,Ag &Au are considered as transition metal though it has 3d,10 configuration.
Q. 12. Cr &Cu has higher second ionisation enthalpy (Cr = 24,Cu = 29)
Q. 14. Cu, Ni and Zn normally do not exhibit oxidation state higher than +2.
Q. 32. La3+ and Lu3+ are colourless and diamagnetic. (La=57 Lu=71).
Q. 42. Ionisation enthalpies of early actinoids are lesser than that of early
lanthanoids.
Q. 43. In the d4 species Mn3+ is an oxidising agent where as Cr2+ is a reducing agent
Q. 44. Co(II) is stable in aqueous solution but get oxidised in the presence of
complexing agents.
Q. 46. Transition metals exhibit higher oxidation state in oxides and flourides.
Q. 50. Number of oxidation states at the extreme ends of 3d transition metals are
very few.
Q. 51. Transition metals in higher oxidation states are more stabilized in oxides than
in fluorides.
Q. 57. Cu2+ (aq) is more stable than Cu+ (aq) despite the d10 configuration of Cu+
Q. 60. KMnO4 titration is not carried out using HCl as acid medium.
Q. 61. Third ionization enthalpy of La, Gd and Lu are abnormally low( La = 57, Gd =
64, Lu = 71)
Q. 62. 5f electrons can take part in bonding to a greater extent than 4f electron
though both have similar angular wave function.
a. Markwonikov’s addition.
b. Kharasch effect.
c. Sand Meyer reaction
d. Diazotisation reaction
e. Finkelstein reaction
f. Swarts reaction.
g. Wurtz reaction
h. Wurtz Fittig reaction
i. Fittig reaction
j. Friediel craft’s acylation reaction of chloro benzene
k. Friediel craft’s alkylation reaction.of chloro benzene.
l. nitration of chloro benzene.
m. sulphonation of chloro benzene.
n. Dehydro halogenation
o. Zatsev rule.
p. chlorination of chloro benzene.
a. n - butyl chloride
b. iso butyl chloride
c. secondary butyl chloride
d. tertiary butyl chloride.
e. ethylidene chloride
f. ethylene di chloride
g. vinyl chloride.
h. p - Cl C6H4 CH2 CH (CH3)2
i. m - Cl C6H4 CH2C (CH3)3
j. ( CCl3)3 CCl
k. o- BrC6H4 CH( CH3) CH2 CH3
l. CH3-C (p-Cl C6H4)2/ CH(Br) CH3
1. Halo alkanes have higher boiling point than the corresponding parent alkane.
2. Boiling point of halo alkanes RI>RBr>RCl> RF
3. Boiling point of 1-Bromo butane >2-Bromo butane> 1-Bromo- 2-methyl
propane> 2-Bromo- 2-methyl propane.
4. Melting point of p-Dichlo benzene is higher than its ortho and meta isomer.
5. Halo alkanes are polar in nature but sparingly soluble in water.
6. Iodo alkane can not be prepared by the reaction of alcohol with KI and
sulphuric acid. Phosphoric acid is used in place of sulphuric acid.
7. Order of reactivity of alcohol with HX is tert alcohol> sec alcohol > primary
alcohol..
8. Halo arenes can not be prepared by treating phenol with HX or NaX in the
presence of sulphuric acid.
9. Iodination of benzene is carried out in the presence of HIO3 or HNO3.
10. Propane on chlorination gives 2-chloro propane as a major product and
not 1-chloro propane.
11. Kharasch effect is possible only with HBr and not with HCl and HI.
12. Alcohol reacts with thionyl chloride to give pure halo alkane.
13. Finkelstein reaction of halo alkane is carried out in the presence of dry
acetone.
14. Order of reactivity of halo alkanes as per substitution bimolecular
nucleophilic is primary halide > secondary halide>tertiary halide.
15. Order of reaction as per substitution unimolecular is tertiary
halide>secondary halide >primary halide.
16. Benzylic halides and allylic halides are more reactive towards
nucleophile than halo alkanes.
17. Chloro ethene is less reactive towards nucleophile than chloro ethane.
18. Halo arenes are less reactive towards nucleophile than halo alkanes.
1
19. SN mechanism is ruled out in the reaction of halo arenes with nucleophile.
20. Electron with drawing groups like NO2 at ortho and para position with respect
to halogen facilitates nucleophillic substitution reaction.
21. Electron with drawing groups like NO2 at meta position with respect to halogen
has no effect on nucleophillic substitution reaction.
22. Halo arenes are less reactive towards electrophile than benzene.
23. Although chlorine atom has electron with drawing effect electrophillic
substitution occur at ortho and para position.
24. Order of reactivity of alkyl halide RI > RBr > RCl > RF
25. Halo alkanes react with KCN to give alkyl cyanide as a major product
while it gives alkyl isocyanide as a major product with AgCN.
26. Halo alkanes give nitrito alkane with KNO2 while nitro alkane with AgNO2.
Q. 6. Mention the differences between SN1 and SN2 mechanism of halo alkane.
1.
2.
Q. 10. Write the structure of the major organic product in each of the following
reactions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Q. 11. Arrange the compounds of each set in order of decreasing reactivity towards
a) SN2 displacement. b) SN1 displacement.
Q. 2. A cubic solid is made of two elements X and Y. Atoms Y are at the corners of
the cube and X at the body centre. What is the formula of the compound?
Q. 9. How many effective sodium ions are located at the centres of faces of a unit
cell in a sodium chloride crystal?
Q. 1. Among the isomeric alkanes of molecular formula C5H12, identify the one that
on photochemical chlorination yields (i) A single monochloride (ii) Three isomeric
monochlorides. ( 1 mark)
1.
2.
3.
4.
Q. 4. With the help of an example discuss the stereo chemistry involved in SN1 and
SN 2 mechanism. (2 marks)
Q. 6. Draw the structures of all isomeric alcohols of molecular formula C5H12O and
give their IUPAC names. Classify these isomers of alcohols as primary, secondary
and tertiary alcohols. ( 2 marks)
Q9. (a) Explain the fact that in aryl alkyl ethers (i) the alkoxy group activates the
benzene ring towards electrophilic substitution and (ii) it directs the incoming
substituents to ortho and para positions in benzene ring. (2 marks)
(b) Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their acid strength: (1
mark)
Propan-1-ol, 2,4,6-trinitrophenol, 3-nitrophenol, 3,5-dinitrophenol, phenol, 4-
methylphenol
Q. 10. Give equations of the following reactions: (3 marks)
Q. 12. How will you bring about the following conversions in not more than two
steps. (5 marks)
1. Propanone to Propene
2. Benzene to m-Nitroacetophenone
3. Chlorobenzene to benzoic acid
4. Propanoic acid to propene
5. Propyne to propan-2-ol
Q. 13. Explain the following with the help of suitable examples: (5 marks)
(a) Limitation of Williamsons synthesis (b) Stephen reaction. (c) Hell-Volhard-
Zelinsky reaction (d) Aldol Condensation (e) Wolff-Kishner reduction.
Q. 15. Primary alkyl halide C4H9Br (a) reacted with alcoholic KOH to give
compound (b). Compound (b) is reacted with HBr to give (c) which is an isomer of
(a). When (a) is reacted with sodium metal it gives compound (d), C8H18 which is
different from the compound formed when n-butyl bromide is reacted with sodium.
Give the structural formula of (a) and write the equations for all the reactions.
(ii) Out of C6H5CH2Cl and C6H5 CHClC6H5, which is more easily hydrolysed by aqueous KOH.
64. Reaction between NO2 and F2 to give NO2 F takes place by the following mechanism.
NO2 (g) + F2(g) slow > NO2 F(g) + F(g)
NO2(g) + F(g) fast > NO2F(g)
Write the rate expression for the reaction.
65. The following result has been obtained during the kinetic studies of the reaction.
2A + B --> C+D
Experiment [A]/M [B]/M initial rate of formation of D/Mmin-1
66. Determine the rate law and rate constant for the reaction.
67. The reaction between A and B is first order with respect to A and zero order with respect to B. fill in the blank in the
following table.
2 - 0.2 4x 10-2
3 0.4 0.4 -
4 - 0.2 2x 10-2
68. The rate constant for a first order reaction 60 s-1. How much time will it take to reduce the initial concentration of the
reactant to its 1/16th value?
69. The rate of most of the reactions double when their temperature is raised from 298k to 308k. Calculate their activation
energy
70. Give are example each of (i) a-emission (ii) b -emission (iii) k-capture. Write the equation for these nuclear changes.
71. What is Group Displacement Law? An element belonging to group 1 decays by b-emission. To which group of the periodic
table the daughter element will belongs.
72. How many a and b particles will be emitted when 232/90 Th Changes into 208/82 Pb.
73. Write the nuclear reactions for the following radioactive decay.
a) 238/92U Undergoes a - decay
b) 234/91Pa Undergoes b - decay
c) 22/11Na Undergoes b + decay
74. What is meant by nuclear binding energy calculate binding energy per nucleon of Li isotope, which has isotopic mass of
7.016 mu . The individual masses neutron and proton are 1.008665mu and 1.007277mu respectively and mass of electron
is 0.000548mu.
75. A sample of wood from an archeological source shows a 14C activity which is 60% of the activity found in fresh wood
today. Calculate the age of archeological sample
(t1/2 of 14c =5770 years)
76. Explain the principle of (a) activation analysis and (b) Breeder reactor
77. Complete the following nuclear reaction
a. 96/42Mo ( _______n) 97/43 Tc
b. _______ (a, 2n ) 211/85 At
c. 55/25Mn (n,c) ______
d. 246/96Cm + 12/6 C --> ________ + 4 1/0 n
e. 27/13Al (a, n) _______
f. 238/92U (a, b-)________
78. Complete the equations for the following nuclear processes
a. 3517Cl + 1/0n --> ________+ 4/2 He
b. 235/92 U + 1/0 n --> _______+ 137/54 Xe + 2 1/0 n
c. 27/13 Al + 4/2 He --> _______ + 1/0 n
d. _______ (n, p) 35/16 S
e. 239/94 Pu (a, b- ) _______
79. Describe the principle of an atom bomb. What is meant by critical mass? What is the critical mass of 235/92U?
80. Write the structures of monomers used for getting the following polymer.(a) PVC (b) Teflon (c) PMMA.
81. How does the presence of carbon tetra chloride influence the cause of vinylic free radical polymerization? Explain with an
example.
82. How does vulcanization change the character of natural rubber?
83. Why are the number 66 and 6 put in the name of nylon 66 and nylon 6?
84. Illustrate with equations how is nylon-6 prepare from caprolactam.
85. What is the difference between thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers?
86. What are reducing and non-reducing sugars? What is the structural features characterising reducing sugars?
87. Explain mutarotation. Give its mechanism in the case of D-glucose
88. Give reasons for the following.
(i) Amino acids have relative higher melting points as compared to corresponding halo acids.
(ii) Amino acids are amphoteric in behavior.
(iii) On electrolysis in acidic solution amino acids migrate towards cathode while in alkaline solution these migrate towards
anode.
89. What type of linkages are responsible for the formation of,
(i) Primary structure of proteins.
(ii) Cross linking of polypeptide chains.
90. What is denaturation and renaturation of proteins?
91. What are the products obtained on complete hydrolysis of DNA?Write down the structures of pyrimidine and purine bases
present in DNA.
92. Enumerate the structural differences between DNA and RNA. Write down the structure of a nucleoside, which is present
only in DNA.
93. What are complementary bases? Draw structure to show hydrogen bonding between adenine and thymine and between
guanine and cytosine.
94. What is the melting temperature (Tm) of DNA? A DNA molecule with more number of GC base pair than AT base pairs
has higher Tm than one with lesser number of GC base pairs than AT base pairs. Why?
95. How does DNA replicate? Give the mechanism of replication? How is the process responsible for preservation of
heredity?
96. Answer the following about protein synthesis
i) Name the location where protein synthesis occurs.
ii) How do 64 codons code for only 20 amino acids?
iii) During translation which one of the two-end functional groups of the polypeptide is formed first?
97. How are lipids classified? Give an example of each class.
98. Name the deficiency diseases caused due to lack of vitamin A, C, E, B1, B12, B6 and K.
99. How are antiseptics distinguished from disinfectants Give two examples of each of the substances
100.List two major classes of antibiotics with an example of each class.
i) Narrow spectrum antibiotic
e.g. : penicillin
ii) Board spectrum antibiotic
e.g. :chloramphenicol and tetracycline
101.Describe the following with suitable examples.
(i) Tranquilizers (ii) antifertility drugs (iii) antihistamines
102.Give examples of (i) triphenyl methane dye (ii) azo dye (iii) anthraquinone dye
103.What is a mordant dye? How is it applied to the fabric?
104.What are carbon fibers? How are they designed? Write two important uses of carbon fibers.
105.Describe the following with suitable examples
(i) Preservative (ii) Artificial sweeteners (iii) Antioxidants (iv) Edible colors
106.What are detergents? Give their scheme of classification. Why are detergents preferred over soap?
107.What is a propellant? How are various rocket propellants classified?
108.Describe the following with examples
(i) Double base propellant
(ii) Biliquid propellant
(iii) Monoliquid propellant
(iv) Hybrid propellant
109. Silver crystallizes in FCC lattice. If edge length of unit cell is 4.077x 10-8 cm and density is 10.5 g/cm3 , calculate
atomic mass of silver.
110.A cubic solid is made of two elements P & Q. Atoms Q are at the corners of the cube and P are at the body center. What
is the formula of the compound? What are the Co-ordination numbers of P & Q?
111.If the radius of octahedral void is ‘r’ and the radius of atoms in close packing is R, derive a relation between r & R.
112. Formula mass of NaCl is 58.45 g/mol and density of its pure form is 2.167 g/cm3. Average distance between
adjacent sodium and chloride ions in the crystal is 2.814x10-8 cm.
Calculate Avogadro constant.
M =5 8.45 g/mol
ρ = 2.167 g/cm3
113. Analysis shows that nickel oxide has formula Ni0.98 O1.00. What fractions of Nickel exist as Ni2+ and Ni3+ ion?
114.If the radius of the Bromide ion is 0.182 nm, how large a cation can fit in each of the tetrahedral hole?.
115.Classify each of the following as p-type and n-type semiconductors.
i) Ge doped with in : Ans : p-type
ii) B Doped with Si Ans : n-type
116. Aluminium crystalises in a cubic close packed structure. Its’ metallic radius is 125 pm.
(a) What is the length of the side of the unit cell.
(b) How many unit cells are there in 1cm3 of aluminium
117. If NaCl is doped with 10-3 mol% SrCl2 , what is the concentration of cation vacancies
118. Calculate the value of Avogadro constant from the following data. Density of
NaCl = 2.165 g/cm3. Distance b/w Na+ & Cl- is 281 pm
119.Concentrated nitric acid used in the laboratory work is 68% nitric acid by mass in aquous solution. What should be the
molarity of such a sample of the acid if the density of the solution is 1.504 g/mL.
120. An antifreeze solution is prepared from 222.6g of ethylene glycol. C2H4(OH)2 and 200g of water. Calculate
molality of solution. If the density of the solution is 1.072 g/ml then what shall be the molarity of the solution?
121.What role does the molecular interaction play in solution of alchohol and water?
122.State Henry’s law and mention some important applications.
123. What is meant by positive and negative deviation from Raoults’ law and how is the sign DH related to positive &
negative deviation from Raoults’ Law?
124.Heptane and octane form ideal solution. At 373K, the vapour pressures of the two liquid components are 105.2 Kpa and
46.8 Kpa, respectively. What will be the vapour pressure of a mixture of 25g of heptane and 35g of octane.
125.A solution containing 30g of non-volatile solute exactly in 90g water has a vapour pressure of 2.8 kPa at 298K. Calculate
1) Molecular mass of solute Vapour pressure of water at 298K .
126. Two elements A & B form compounds having molecular formula AB2 & AB4. When dissolved in 20g of C6H6, 1g
AB2 lowers the freezing point by 2.3 & 1g AB4 lowers it by 1.3K.The molar depression constant for benzene is 5.1Kg mol-1.
Calculate atomic mass A & B.
127.At 300k, 36g of glucose present per litre in its solution has an osmotic pressure of 4.98 bar. If the osmotic pressure of
solution is 1.52 bar at the same temperature, what would be the concentration.
Q. 1. How many millimoles of N2 gas would dissolve in 1 litre of water at 293 K? N2 exerts a partial pressure of 0.987 bar. (Henry's
Law constant at 293 K for N2 is 76.4 K bar)
Q. 2. Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 mixture containing Ig is neutralised by 0.1M HCI. Find the volume of HCI equired if the mixture contains
equimolar amounts of Na2CO3 and NaHCO3.
Q. 3. Calculate the percentage composition in terms of mass of a solution obtained by mixing 300g of 25% and 400g of 40%
solution by mass.
Q. 4. A sample of drinking water contains 15 ppm of CHCI3 (by mass). Express this in percentage by mass. Determine the molality
of CHCI3 in solution.
Q. 5. The partial pressure of ethane over a saturated solution containing 6.56 x 10-2 g of ethane is 1 bar. If the solution containing
5.00 x 10-2 g, then what will be the partial pressure of the gas.
Q. 6. An aqueous solution @2% non-volatile solute exerts a pressure of 1.004 bar at the boiling point of the solvent. Find the molar
mass of the solute.
Q. 7. Heptane and octane form an ideal solution at 373K. Vapour pressure of heptane and octane are 105.2 kPa and 46.8 kPa
respectively. Find the vapour pressure in bar of a mixture of 25g heptane and 35g octane.
Q. 8. Vapour pressure of water is 12.3 kPa at 300K. Calculate the vapour pressure of 1 molal solute in it.
Q. 9. Two elements A and B form compounds AB2 and AB4. When dissolved in 20g benzene, Ig of AB2 lowers the freezing point by
2.3K, Whereas Ig AB4 lowers the freezing point by 1.3K. Kf for benzene = 5.1 K kg mole-1. Calculate the atomic mass of A and B.
Q. 10. At 300K, 36g glucose (molar mass 180) in 1 litre solution exerted an osmotic pressure of 4.98 bar. What would be the
concentration of the solution at 300K if the osmotic pressure is 1.52 bar.
Q. 11. Concentrated HN03 is 63% by mass. Density of the solution is 1.5g/cm3. Calculate the volume of the solution which contains
20g HNO3 (Molar mass HNO3 = 63).
Q. 12. Concentrated H2SO4 is 49% by mass. Density of the solution is 1.5g/cm3. Determine molarity, olality and normality of the
solution. (Molar mass of H2SO4 = 98)
Q. 13. Calculate the molality of 1M solution of NaNO3. Density is 1.25 g/cm3. (Molar mass of NaNO3 = 85)
Q. 14. Calculate the number of moles of CH3OH in 5 litres of 2 molal solution. Density is 0.981 g/cm3. Molar mass of CH3OH = 32)
Q. 15. Calculate the volume of 80% H2SO4 (D =1.8 g/cm3) required to prepare 1 litre of 20% H2SO4 (D =1.25 g/cm3)
Q. 16. 1.8 grams glucose (Molar mass = 180) is dissolved in 36g of water. Calculate the molality and the mole fraction of glucose in
the solution.
Q. 17. Sea water contains 5.8 x 10-3g dissolved O2 per kilogram. Express the concentration in ppm.
Q. 18. Calculate the resulting molarity of the solution prepared by adding 5g NaOH to 200ml M/4 NaOH solution. (D = 1.05g/cm3).
Density of the resulting solution is 1.08 g/cm3.
Q. 19. Benzene and toluene forms an ideal solution at 300K. po benzene = 160mm Hg. potoluene = 60mm Hg. Calculate the partial
pressure of benzene and toluene and the total pressure under the following conditions:-
Q. 20. A solution containing 1 mole of X and 3 moles of Y gave a vapour pressure of 550mm Hg. The same solution containing 1
mole of X and 4 moles of Y gave a vapour pressure of 560mm Hg. Find the vapour pressure of pure X and pure Y.
Q. 21. Vapour pressure of a solution containing benzene and toluene is 180x + 120 at 200K where x is the mole fraction of toluene.
Find vapour pressure of pure benzene and pure toluene.
Q. 22. Vapour pressure of aqueous dilute solution of glucose is 750mm Hg at 373K. Find the molality and mole fraction of glucose
in the solution.
Q. 23. Vapour pressure of ethanol (Molecular mass = 46) and methanol (Molecular mass = 32) at 300K are 45mm Hg and 90mm
Hg respectively. Find the total pressure of the solution containing 92g ethanol and 16g methanol.
Q. 24. (a) Vapour pressure of pure benzene (Molecular mass = 78) at 300K is 640mm Hg. 2.175g of non-volatile solute in 39g
benzene gave a vapour pressure of 600mm Hg. Determine the molar mass of the solute.
(b). 5% Solution of Sucrose(Molarmass=342)is isotonic with 0.877%Solution of urea.Find the molar mass of urea
Q. 25. A very small amount of solute in 60cm3 benzene showed a vapour pressure of 98.88mm Hg. Vapour pressure of pure
benzene is 100mm Hg at this temperature. Find the molality of the solution. If ATf = 0.73K find Kfof benzene.
Q. 26. A solution of sucrose (Molecular mass = 342) is prepared by dissolving 68.4g in lOOg H20. Determine
Q. 27. 34.2g sucrose and 36g glucose are dissolved in 81g H20. Find the vapour pressure of the solution. Vapour pressure of H2O
= 30mm Hg. Molecular mass of sucrose = 342, Glucose = 180.
Q. 28. Calculate the boiling point and freezing point of 1M solution of KCI. D = 1.04 g/cm3. Molar mass of KCI = 74.5. Kb = 0.52 K
Kg mole-1 Kf = 1.86 K Kg mole-1. Assume KCI is 90% dissociated.
Q. 29. BaCI2 cand KCI mixed in 1:1 molal ration showed ΔTb = 2.6K. Determine the amount of each solute in 100 g of the solvent.
Kb = 0.52 K Kg mole-1. Molar mass KCI = 74.5, BaCI2 = 208.
Q. 30. Kf of benzene 4.90K kg mole-1. 3.26g Se (Atomic mass = 78.8) in 226g of benzene showed a freezing point of 0.1120C lower
than pure benzene. Find the molecular formula of Se.
Q. 31. A solution containing 1.017g Napthalene (Ci0H8) in 100g CCI4 gave ΔTb = 0.40C. 1.24g of an unknown< solute in 100g CCI4
gave ΔTb = 0.620C. Find molar mass of the unknown solute.
Q. 32. 1.8g glucose in 100ml solution is added to 34.2g sucrose in 100ml. Find the osmatic pressure of the resulting solution.
Q. 33. 2 grams benzoic acid (C6H6COOH) in 25g benzene gave ΔTf = 1.62K. Kf = 4.9K kg mole-1. Find the %association of benzoic
acid if it exist as a dimer in solution.
Q. 1. Kinetic energy of a moving electron is 4.55×10-25J.Determine the wavelength of the electron.[mass of electron is 9.1×10-31 Kg,
h is 6.63×10-34 Jsec]
Q. 5. Calculate the product of uncertainty in velocity and uncertainty in position of moving electron.
Q. 6. The uncertainty in the position of a moving bullet of mass 10g is 10-5m. Calculate uncertainty in its velocity.
Q. 7. On the basis of uncertainty principle, show that electron cannot exist with in the atomic nucleus (radius = 10-15m)
Q. 8. Two particles A and B are in motion. If the wavelength of A is 5 x 10-8m. Find wavelength of B if the Momentum of B is half the
momentum of A.
Q. 9. The Sodium flame has λ = 589nm.What is the mass equivalence of one photon of this wavelength.
Q. 10. Calculate the uncertainty in velocity of wagon of mass 2000kg whose position is known to an Accuracy of ± 10m.
Q. 11. Calculate the energy required to excite an electron in the hydrogen atom from the first energy level to fourth energy level.
Find the frequency, wave number and wave length of the light emitted when the
Electron moves back to the ground state. Ionisation energy of hydrogen atom is 1312KJ/Mole.
Q. 12. Calculate the change in position of an electron in its ground state of hydrogen atom when it is supplied with an energy of
2.04×10-18J.
1. H2+ 1 H3→ 2He4 + 0 n1 Calculate the energy released in (a)Mev/atom (b) Mev/mole (c)J/mole (d)J/atom
(e) J/g Given 1 H2=2.014 1 H3=3.016 2He4=4.003 0 n1 =1.009 (all in amu)
Q. 3. 92U235+0n1 → 42 Mo98 + 54Xe136 + x −1eo +y0 n1 Find x and y and energy released per atom.
Q. 4. How many α and β particles are emitted in the reaction 90Th232 → 82Pb208
Q. 5. t½ of a radioactive element is 100seconds.Find λ How long will it take for 1g element to become 0.01g?
Q. 6. A radio active element decays in such a way that after 100 minutes ⅛th of the original amount remains.
Calculate t½ and λ.
Q. 7. Starting with 1g of a radio active element 0.25g is left after 5 days. Find the amount left after 1 day.
Q. 8. A piece of wood shows C14 activity which is 60% activity found today. Find the age of the sample.t½=5770years
Q. 11. A sample of pitch blend contain 5mg of U238 and 1.8mg of Pb208. Find the age of the rock. t½U238=4.5x109year
Q. 12. A piece of wood shows C14 activity 3.8 counts/minute/g of C. Determine the age of the wood if freshly cut wood shows an
activity of 15.2 counts/minute/g of C. t½ of C14=5770years.
Q. 13. A rock contain U238 and Pb208 in the ratio 3:2. Find the age of the rock. t½U238=4.5x109year.
Q. 14. Complete the equation: (a) 7N14 (α,−) 8O17 (b) 13Al27 (α,n)……… (c) 25Mn55 (n, gamma)…….
Q. 15. 84Po218 under goes an alpha emission followed by two beta emission. Find the position of the new element in the periodic
table.
Q. 16. Calculate t½ for Am241. Given it emits 1.2 x 1011αparticles per gram per second.
Q. 17. The isotopic composition of Rb is Rb 85 = 72% and Rb 87 = 28%. Rb87 is weakly radio active and decay by β− emission
with decay constant 1 x 10−11/year. A mineral pollucite contain 450milligram Rb and 0.72 mg Sr87. Find the age of the sample.
Mention the assumptions made.
Q. 18. Calculate the mass of La140 in sample whose activity is 3.7 x 1010Bq. t½ La 140=40 hrs.
Q. 19. β−activity of CO2 prepared from a wood give 25.5 counts/minute. The same mass of CO2 from an ancient source gave 20.5
counts/minute. Find the age of the wood. What would be the expected count rate for an identical mass of CO2 from a sample which
is 4000 years old.
Q. 20. During nuclear explosion, one of the product is Sr90 with t½ = 28 years. If 1 microgram of Sr90 was absorbed in the bones
of a new born baby instead of calcium. How much of it will remain after 10 years.
Q. 21. During nuclear fission of U- 235 , 17.5 MeV of energy is generated per nucleus fissoned. Find the energy released in joules
by fissioning 1gram of U-235.
( 1 Mev = 1.622x 10-13 J NA = 6.023X 1023 mol-1
Q. 22. 2NO+ O2→ 2NO2(g) How will the rate changes when the volume of the reaction vessel is reduced to one - thirds
(g) (g 1. 2NO2+F2--> 2NO2F. Write the rate of reaction in terms of (a) rate of formation of NO2F (b) rate of disappearance of NO2 (c)
rate of disappearance of F2.
Q. 2. The decomposition of NH3 follows zero order. 2 NH3→ N2+3H2 . Find the rate of production of N2 andH2.K = 2.5 x 10-4 MS-1.
Also find rate of decomposition of NH3.
Q. 3. 2A+B+C→A2B + C Rate=K(A)(B)2 K=2x10-6M−2S-1. Calculate the initial rate when (A)=0.1M (B) = 0.2M (C)=0.6M. Find the
rate when 0.04mole of (A) is consumed.
Q. 4. 2NO2+F2→2NO2F
Q. 5. A first order reaction is 20%complete in 10minutes. Find the time taken for 80%completion of the reaction. Also find the half
life of the reaction.
Q. 6. Show that(a) 2t (1/2) = t (3/4) (b) Half life of a reaction is 10seconds.Find t (2/3),
Q. 7. The pressure of a gas decomposing at a metal surface of a solid catalyst are given below:
Determine the order of the reaction. Find the rate Constant and the half life of the reaction.
Q. 8. Hydrolysis of methyl acetate in aqueous solution has been studied by titrating liberated acetic acid with NaOH rate
=K(CH3COOCH3) (H2O)
t/min 0 30 60 90
Show that it follows pseudo first order reaction as the concentration of water remains constant (1L of water=1000g Of
water=1000/18=55.5M) What is the value of K?
Q. 9. The rates of a reaction starting with initial concentrations 2 x 10-3 M and1 x 10-3 M are 2.4 x 10-4 M/s and 0.6 x 10-4 M/s
respectively. Find the order of the reaction and rate constant K.
Q. 10. A + 5B + 6C → 3L + 3M
Determine the order with respect to each reactant. Find K .Calculate the initial rate when concentration of each reactant is
0.01M.Find the initial rate of change in concentrations of B and L
Q. 11. Rate of a reaction becomes 1.414 times when concentration of the reactant is doubled. Find the order of the reaction.
Q. 12. (a) show that for a first order reaction t½ is independent of the initial concentration of the reactant. (b) show that for a zero
order reaction t½ is directly proportional to initial concentration of the reactant and inversely proportional to rate constant.
Q. 13. Rate constant of a reaction is 2M-1 S-1 at 700K and 32 M-1 S-1 at 800K.Find Ea
Q. 14. Rate of a reaction becomes 4 times when temperature changes from 270C to 370C. Find Ea.
Q. 15. Rate constant of a reaction at 700K and 760K are 0.01 M-1 S-1 and 0.105 M-1 S-1 respectively. Find A and Ea .
Q. 16. Rate constant of a reaction increases by 7% and the equilibrium constant increases by 3% when the temperature changes
from 300K to 301k.Find Ea for the for ward and backward reaction.
Q. 17. Rate = K1(NH3)|1 + K2(NH3) Find the order when concentration of (a)NH3 is very low (b) when Pt surface is completely
covered NH3 2NH3 → N2+3H2 using Pt as a catalyst.