Difference between in-core Inode and disk Inode

The inode is a data structure that describes everything about a file other than their name.
When a file is opened then the kernel copies the inode into memory. As the file changes, the
in-core inode is updated usually more often than the on-disk copy. And the in-core inode
has a few extra fields that are only needed while the file is opened.

The fields in the disk inode are:

- file owner identifier

- file type
- file access permissions
- file access times (created, last accessed, last modified)
- number of links to the file
- table of contents for the disk address of data in a file
- file size

in-core copy of the inode contains

- status of the in-core inode

- logical device number of file system
- inode number
- pointers to other in-core inodes
- reference count

. What are the services provided by the kernel?

* Controlling the execution of processes by allowing their creation, termination or
* suspension and communication.
* Scheduling processes for execution on the CPU.
* Allocating main memory for an executing process.
* Allocating secondary memory for efficient storage and retrieval of user data.
* Allowing processes controlled access to peripheral devices.

What is the use of iget and iput?

iget: To get new inode number
iput: To release the inode number

Difference between Soft Mount and Hard Mount:

1)Definition of the both

2)A soft mount timeout may cause silent data corruption if it occurs during data or metadata
transmissions whereas, there is no provition of data corruption in hard mount.

3)In soft mount an error message is sent to the client. But in hard mount no error message is
sent to the client.
Difference between Antivirus and Firewall
1)Definition
2)Unix file system can be configured as firewall but not as antivirus.
3)Firewall does not inspect what is in the packet whether malicious or not where as antivirus
removes suspicious natured programs, viruses, malware, spywares etc.

umask: umask is a Unix shell built-in command which automatically sets file permissions on newly
created files. For instance, if the umask is "033" the default file permissions will be 777-033 i.e., "744"
just as file permissions.

Advantage of partitioning:
1)Major advantage it that you will not lose any files when you Format the drive with you OS and
programs if you save all your files to a second drive.
2)if you partiton, can run multiple OS on you computer
3)swap partition enhances the performance of the system.
4) It also will reduce the need to run Defrag.
5) By putting all the temp files ( Cache, tmp temp Virtual memory ) in a partition you can also clean all of
them off the drive all at once.
6)It makes the computer file more arranged.

NFSv3:

Version 3 (June 1995):

 support for 64-bit file sizes and offsets, to handle files larger than 2 gigabytes (GB);
 support for asynchronous writes on the server, to improve write performance;
 additional file attributes in many replies, to avoid the need to re-fetch them;
 a READDIRPLUS operation, to get file handles and attributes along with file names
when scanning a directory;

At the time of introduction of Version 3, vendor support for TCP as a transport-layer protocol
began increasing. While several vendors had already added support for NFS Version 2 with TCP
as a transport, Sun Microsystems added support for TCP as a transport for NFS at the same time
it added support for Version 3. Using TCP as a transport made using NFS over a WAN more
feasible.

NFSv4:

Version 4includes

performance improvements

mandates strong security,

and introduces a stateful protocol.