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PROJECT REPORT ON
STUDY OF AC TO DC CONVERTER USING MATLAB SIMULINK
SUBMITTED IN THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE AWARD OF DEGREE OF
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF:-
MR. ASIF JAMIL ANSARI
SENIOR PROFESSOR
EEED, INTEGRAL UNIVERSITY
LUCKNOW
SUBMITTED BY:-
1. PRANAV TRIPATHI
2. ZAINAB
3. TEJASVINI
4. PREETI SINGH
5. ABHISHEK NIGAM
CERTIFICATE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would also like to thank all the faculty and staff members of
CAD lab who extended their full cooperation for completion of this
work. Lastly and most importantly, we wish to thank all our friends
for being the surrogate family during the years we stayed here and
for their moral support.
4
INDEX
Chapter NAME OF CHAPTER Pg. No.
No.
1. Introduction 5-7
2. Half Wave Controlled Rectifiers 8-
2.(i) Single Phase Half Wave Thyristor Circuit with
R-load
2.(ii) 1-Φ Half Wave Thyristor Circuit with RL load
2.(iii) 1-Φ Half Wave Thyristor Circuit with RL-load
& Freewheeling Diode
2.(iv) Single Phase Half Wave Circuit with RLE-
load
3. Full Wave Controlled Converters
3.(i) Single Phase Full Wave Mid Point Converters
(M-2 Connection)
3.(ii) Single phase full wave bridge converter
(B-2 Connection)
3.(iv) Line-Commutated Inverter
3.(iv) Single-phase semiconverter
3.(v) Single-phase Full Converter Drives
4. Three Phase Converters
5. Simulation Design and Analysis
5
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
6
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 2
HALF WAVE CONTROLLED
RECTIFIERS
9
HALF WAVE CONTROLLED
RECTIFIERS
R-load
tc = (π /ω ) sec
Fig.2.(i).
The circuit turn off time tc must be more than the SCR turn off
time tq as specified by the manufacturers.
π
Vo = (1/2π ) α ∫ Vm sin ω t d (ω t) = (Vm/2π ) (1+ cos α )
⇒ Vom = (Vm/2π ) .2
⇒ Vom = (Vm/π )
π
Vor = [(1/2π )α ∫ V2m sin2 ω t d (ω t) ]1/2
Ior = (Vor/R)
____________________________________________________________________________
Fig.2.(ii)
16
The voltage equation for the circuit of Fig.2.(ii), when T is
on, is
Rit+L dit/dt =0
for
_______________________________________________________
tc = (π /ω ) sec
Mode 1:- α ≤ ω t≤ π
At ω t = α , io = Io i.e. at t = (α /ω ), io = Io
α /Lω )
A = [Io – (Vm/Z)( sin (α -φ )) ] e(R
20
Fig.2.(iii).
0 = Rio + L(dio/dt)
At ω t = π , io = Io1
π /ω L))
It gives A = Io1 e((-R
π
Average load voltage Vo = (1/2π ) α ∫ Vm sin ω t d (ω t)
__________________________________________________
θ 1 = sin-1(E/Vm)
Fig. 2.(iv).
25
The solution of this equation is made up of two
components:- steady state current component is and the transient
current component it. Let, is= is1 + is2 where is1 is the steady state
current due to ac source voltage acting alone and is2 is that due to
counter emf E acting alone.
If only E were present, then steady state current is2 would be given
by-
is2 = - (E/R)
At ω t =α , io= 0, i.e. at t = (α /ω ), io = 0.
α /Lω )
This gives A = [(E/R)-(Vm/Z) ( sin (α -φ ))] e(R
β
Io= (1/2π R) α ∫ [(Vm sin ω t) – E] d (ω t)
Vo = E + IoR
β
⇒Vo = (1/2π )[ α ∫ (Vm sin ω t) d (ω t)+ E(2π +α -β )]
CHAPTER 3
27
(M-2 Connection)
Fig. 3.(i).
van = Vm sin wt
then vbn = -vnb = -Vm sin wt
and vab = van + vnb = 2Vm sin wt
clear the fault. Figure. 3.(i) reveals that each SCR is subjected to a
peak voltage of 2Vm.
34
The following observations can be made from the above studies
I. When commutation of an SCR is desired, is it must be reverse
baised and the incoming SCR must be forward biased.
II. When incoming SCR is gated on, current is transferd from
outgoing SCR to incoming SCR.
III. The circuit turn off time must be greater than SCR turn off
time.
It is seen from above that thyrister commutation achieved by means
of natural reversal of line voltage, called line or natural
commutation, is simple, it is therefore employed in all phase-
controlled rectifiers, Ac voltage controllers and cycloconverters.
_______________________________________________________
Fig.3.(ii)
Vo = (1/π)α ∫ π+α
Vmsin(wt).d(wt)
Vor = Vs
_______________________________________________________
Fig.3. (iii).
40
The variation of voltage across thyristors T1, T2 T3 or T4
reveals that circuit turn-off time for both converter and inverter
operations is given by
tc = [(π-α)/ω ] sec
Fig.3. (iv)
tc=π-α/w sec
_______________________________________________________
44
3.(v). Single-phase Full Converter Drives
Two full converters, one feeding the armature circuit and other
feeding the field circuit of a separately-excited de motor, are shown
in Fig.3.(v). This scheme offers two-quadrant drive, Fig.3.(v) and its
use is limited to about 15 kW. For regenerative braking of the motor,
the power must flow from motor to the ac source and this is feasible
only if motor counter emf is reversed because then eaia would be
negative. Note that direction of current cannot be reversed as SCRs
are unidirectional devices. So, for regenerative breaking, the polarity
of ea must be reversed which is possible by reversing the direction of
motor field current by making delay angle of full converter 2 more
than 90o . In order that current in field winding can be reversed, the
field winding must be energised through single-phase full converter
as in Fig.3.(v).
45
Fig.3.(v).
.. ...(3.5)
_______________________________________________________
47
CHAPTER 4
THREE PHASE CONVERTERS
48
Fig. 4.(i).
50
o
For α=0 ; T1, T2,…..T6 behave like diodes. This is
shown in fig.4.(i). The sequence of conduction of SCRs T1 to T6 is
also indicated in this figure. Note that for α=0o, T1 is triggered at wt
= π/6, T2 at 90o, T3 at 150o and so on. The load voltage has,
therefore, the waveform as shown in Fig.4.(i). For α = 60o, the
conduction
CHAPTER 5
R-load
RL-without FD
RL- FD load
RLE load
(M-2 Connection)
REFERENCES
75