fye;JiuahlYf;fhd tiuT

NghUf;Fg; gpe;jpa Kuz;ghLfSldhd epiyikfspd; jd;ikfSk;>

gpur;rpidfSk; rthy;fSk;

NguhrpupaH Rkzrpwp ypadNf> Nguhjidg; gy;fiyf;fofk;

1. ,yq;if murhq;fj;jpd; ghJfhg;G gilfs; jkpoPo tpLjiyg; Gypfis

2009 Nk khjk; eLg;gFjpapy; fPHfkhd tifapy; Njhw;fbj;Js;sdH. ,e;
epfo;thdJ cs;SH kw;Wk; rHtNjr mur rhHgw;w mikg;Gf;fs; cl;gl
Kuz;ghl;Lj; jPHT njhlHghd ty;YdHfis mjpHr;rpf;Fs;fhf;fpAs;sJ.
Nkw;fj;ija ehLfs; jkpoPo tpLjiyg; Gypfs; njhlw;fbf;fg; gLtij
jhkjpg;gij Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;L kdpjhgpkhd NghHepWj;jj;ij Vw;gLj;j
Kaw;rpfs; Nkw;nfhz;lhYk; ,yq;if murhq;fj;jpd; ,uhZt ntw;wpis
Nehf;fpa gadj;ij jLj;J epWj;j muHfshy; ,ayhky; Ngha; tpl;lJ.

2. ,uhZt ntw;wp vd;gJ ghupa mopTfisf; nfhz;lNjhL> ,e;j

,uhZt ntw;wpahdJ RkhH 25>000 capHfis mopj;njhopj;Js;sJ. 4k;
fl;l <o Aj;jk; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;l 2006k; Mk; Mz;bd; eLg;gFjpapy;
,Ue;J jkpoPo tpLjiyg; Gypfs; Njhw;fbf;fg;gl;l 2009 Nk khj
eLg;gFjp tiuapyhd fhyfl;lj;jpy; RkhH 6000 mur ,uhZtj;jpdH
nfhy;yg;gl;Ls;sdH ,ayghf ,j;jifa etPd Aj;j eilKiwfspy; (3
MtJ tifahd Aj;jq;fs;) MAjk; Ve;jp NghuhLgtHfspYk; ghHf;f
mjp $Ljyhf rhjhuz kf;fs; nfhy;yg;gLtJ toikahd
eilKiwfshFk;. ,e;j vz;zpf;iffs; 4 k; kl;l <o Aj;jj;jpd; Neub
tposthd mopTfis vLj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;wd.

3. MAj Kuz;ghLfs; gy topfspy; KbT ngWfpd;wd. ,yq;;ifapd;

Nghupy; NghupLk; murhq;fj;jpw;Fk; jkpoPo tpLjiyg; GypfSf;Fk;
,ilapy; Vw;gl;l ,zf;fg;ghl;bd; fhuzkhf gy jlitfs; jwfhypfg;
NghH epWj;jk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. fle;j murhq;fq;fs;> jkpoPo
tpLjiyg; Gypfspd; ,uhZt rf;jpapidg; gytPdg; gLj;Jtjd; %yk;
mtHfis Nghr;RthHj;ij Nkirf;F nfhz;LtUtjw;fhd mOj;jq;fis
Vw;gLj;Jk; Nehf;fpy; Aj;jj;ijg; gad;gLj;jpd. Kd;ida
murhq;fq;fSf;Fk; jw;Nghija murhq;fj;jpw;Fk; ,ilapy; fhzg;gLk;
NtWghLf;s vd;dntd;why; ,uhZt uPjpapy; gytPdg; gLj;Jtij tpl
KOikahf Njhw;fbg;gjpyNa ftdk; nrYj;jpaNjhL me;j cghaj;ij
rhjfkhf epiwNtw;wpAKs;sJ.

4. jw;Nghija epiyikia vg;gb epHzak; nra;J tpgupg;gJ

ehd; mij Aj;jj;jpw;F gpe;jpa Kuz;ghLs;s epiyik vd;W
miof;fpd;Nwd;. Aj;jk; epr;rakhf KbTf;F te;Js;sJ vd ek;g KbAk;.
jkpoPo tpLjiyg; Gypfspd; jiyikj;Jtk; nfhd;wopf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
jkpoPo tpLjiyg; Gypfs; kPz;Lk; mzpjpus;tjs;Nfh my;yJ GjpanjhU
MAjf; FO cUthtjw;Nfh VJthd rhj;jpaf; $Wfs; cldbahf
Vw;glg; Nghtjpy;iy. vdNt jw;Nghija epiyikahdJ Aj;jj;jpw;Fg;
gpe;jpa fhyk; vd;gjpy; (Post war) re;Njfkpy;iy. ,e;epiyikahdJ
Njrpa Kuz;ghL KbTw;wJ vd nghUs;gLkh? ,y;iy vd;gJ jhd;
vdJ tpil. Kuz;ghl;bw;Fl;gl;Ls;s gpur;rpidfs; jpUg;jpfukhd
tifapy; jPHf;fg;gltpy;iynadpy; MAjf; FOf;fs; kPz;Lk;
Njhd;Wtjw;Fk;> MAj Kuz;ghLfs; kPz;Lk; Vw;gLtjw;fhd mghaq;fs;
epyTfpd;wd. Aj;jk; KbTw;whYk; mjw;NfJthf mike;j murpay;
 Kuz;ghL njhlHfpd;wNjhL vjpHfhyj;jpy; Kuz;ghL tYg; ngWtjw;fhd
tha;g;Gfs; ,Uf;fpd;wd.

5. NghUf;Fg; gpe;jpa Kuz;ghl;L epiyik gw;wpa njhlHGfs; mbg;gilapy;

%d;W tifapdjhFk;. ,it cldbahf (180 ehl;fSf;Ff; Nkw;glhj)
FWfpa fhy (6 khjj;jpw;Fk; 12 khjj;jpw;Fk; ,ilg;gl;lJ) kw;Wk;
,ilf;fhy (6 khjj;jpw;Fk; 18 khjj;jpw;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l) vd
tifg;gLj;jyhk;.

cldbg; nghWg;Gf;fs;
6. Aj;jj;jpw;Fg; gpe;jpa epiyikapd; cldbg; nghWg;ghf Gyk;
ngaHe;jtHfs; jq;fpapUf;Fk; Kfhk;fspy; Nghjpa czT> FbapUg;G
trjpfs;> cil> kUj;Jt trjpfs;> ghlrhiy nry;Yk; taJila
rpWtHfSf;F fy;tp fw;Fk; tha;g;Gg; Nghd;wtw;iw toq;Ftjd; %yk;
,k; Kfhk;fis rHtNjr uPjpahf Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;l juhjuj;jpw;F
mika ghuhkupj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ghJfhg;G tplaq;fspy; murhq;fk;
toikahf ftiy nfhs;tjhy; jkpoPo tpLjiyg; Gyp cWg;gpdHfis
,zq;fz;L Kfhk;fspy; NtWgLj;Jk; eilKiwNjitahdjhf
mikayhk;. vt;thnwdpDk; ,e;jilKiwfs; fhyj;ij ePbf;fhky; $ba
tpiutpy; g+Hj;jp nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk; Gyk; ngaHe;jtHfs; jq;fpapUf;Fk;
Kfhk;fspy; epyTk; Rfhjhu> FbePH> kyry $l trjpfs;
jpUg;jpfukhdjhf ,y;yhjpUf;Fk; epiyik njhlHghf kpfTk; mtjhdk;
nrYj;jg;gl Ntz;ba tplakhFk;

7. Gyk; ngaHe;jtHfs; jq;fpapUf;Fk; Kfhk;fspy; fhzg;gLk; kuG uPjpahd

Kfhikj;Jt eilKiwfs; %yk; epthuzk; toq;Fk; eilKiwahdJ
Gyk; ngaHe;jtHfis ntspapy; ,aq;Fk; jq;fpapUf;Fk; kdepiyia
cUthf;Ffpd;wJ. vdNt Gyk; ngaHe;jtHfis Kbe;jsT
tYg;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; ,tHfs; kw;wtHfspy; jq;fpapUf;Fk; kdepiyia
,y;yhkw; nra;tJ kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. ,jw;F Gyk;
ngaHe;jtHfisf; nfhz;l mikg;Gf;fis (Kfhk; ey tpUj;jpf; FO)
Vw;gLj;jp mtHfspd; md;whlj; Njitfisg; g+Hj;jp nra;tjw;Fj;
Njitahd nghWg;Gf;fis mtHfNs eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjd; %yk;
ntwpg;Gw mikg;Gf;fspd; msTf;fjpfkhd <LghLfspdhy; Vw;gLj;jg;gLk;
,e;jj; jq;fpapUf;Fk; kd epiyia gbg;gbahff; Fiwf;f KbAk;. ,e;j
Kfhk; Nrk eyf; FOthdJ Kfhk;fspd; Njitfs; njhlHghf
Kd;Dupikapd; mbg;gilapy; jPHkhdpj;J nraw;gLtjd; %yk; mtHfspd;
gpur;rpidfis mtHfis jPHj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; nghWg;ig mtHfNs Vw;W
nraw;gl KbAk;. cs;SH kw;Wk; rHtNjr mur rhHgw;w mikg;Gfs;
epthuz nghUl;fisAk; NritfisAk; toq;Fk; NghJ mit
njhlHghf jPHkhzpj;J nraw;gLk; nghWg;G Gyk; ngaHe;jtHfSilajhf
mikjy; Ntz;Lk;.

8. rpy Kfhk;fs; Kfhikg;gLj;j Kbahjstpw;F tprhykhdjhf (Manik

Farm) mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. vdNt Kfhikg;gLj;jf; $ba myFfshf
gpupj;J Kfhikg;gLj;JtJ gw;wp mtjhdk; nrYj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

kPs; FbNaw;wKk; GdHtho;Tg; nghWg;Gf;fSk;

9. Gyk;ngaHe;jtHfs; jhq;fs; FbapUe;j ,Ug;gplq;fSf;F jpUk;gpr;
nry;Yk;; G+uz cupik cilatuhtH. vdNt mtHfs; ,ilj;jq;fs;
Kfhk;fspy; jq;fitf;Fk; fhyk; Fiwf;fg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;. Gy
fpuhkq;fspy; epyf; fz;zpntbfspd; mghak; epyTtjhy;
 mf;fpuhkq;fspy; epyf; fz;zp ntbfs; mfw;Wk; gzpf;F Kd;Dupik
toq;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. epyf; fz;zpntbfs; mw;w fpuhkq;fs; ,Ug;gpd;
mit ,dq;fhzg;gl;L mf;fpuhkq;fspy; ,Ue;J Gyk;ngaHe;jtHfis
kPs; FbNaw;Wtjw;F cldbahf eltbf;iffs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gly;
Ntz;Lk;. kPs; FbNaw;wk; njhlHghf fhy tiuaiwAld; $a tiuglk;
xd;iwj; jahH nra;tJ cjtpahf mikAk;.

10. Aj;jj;jpd; tpisthf Gyk;ngaHe;jtHfs; jq;fpapUe;j tPLfs;

rpijTw;wpUf;FNkahdhy; mtHfspd; tPLfis kPz;Lk; fl;bf; nfhLf;Fk;
nghWg;ig murhq;fk; Vw;Wg; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. tPLfis kPs; epHkhdk;
nra;Ak; NghJ> ghlrhiyfs; kUj;Jtf; $lq;fs; Nghd;w nghJ
Nritfs; toq;Fk; fl;llq;fs; kPz;Lk; fl;bnaOg;Gk; NghJ tPLfspd;
cupikahsHfspdJk; nghJ Nritfspd; EfHNthupfspdJk;
gq;Fgw;WjiyAk; fz;fhzpg;igAk; ,ad;wsT cWjpnra;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
kfpe;j rpe;fidapy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sthW Gyk; ngaHe;jtHfs;
kPs;FbNaw;wg;gLk; nghOJ mtHfspd; tho;f;ifia kPz;Lk;
Muk;gpg;gjw;F cjtpahf FLk;gj;jpw;F jyh ,uz;L ,yl;rj;J
Ik;gjdhapuk; &gha; toq;fg;glNtz;Lk;.

11. kf;fs; kPs; FbNaw;wg;gLk; eilKiwf;F rkhe;jukhf Kiwikahd

Kiwrhuh murpay; fyhrhu epWtfq;fs; fl;bnaOg;gg;gLtJk;
eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. ,t;tplak; njhlHghf cs;Suhl;rp
kd;wq;fs; kpf Kf;fpkhd epWtfkhff; fzpf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. Vnddpy;
cs;Suhl;rp kd;wq;fSf;F fpuhk tho;f;ifiaf; fl;bnaOg;GtJ
njhlHghd gy tplaq;fspy; rl;l uPjpahd mjpfhuq;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd.
,jw;F Nkyjpfkhf fpuhkpa kPs; ,zf;fr; nray;FO (ePjpj;Jiw
mikr;R)> fyhrhu kw;Wk; tpisahl;Lf; fofq;fs;> E}yfq;fs;
Nghd;wit Vw;gLj;jg;gLtJ Cf;Ftpf;fg;glyhk;.

12. cs;Suhl;rp kd;wq;fs; tYg;gLj;jg;gLtJ jiukl;l [dehaf

tsHr;rpf;F Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. rHtNjr nfhil epWtdq;fs; Njrpa
kw;Wk; rHtNjr mur rhHgw;w epWtdq;fs; kw;Wk; kj;jpa murhq;fk;
Mfpatw;Wf; $lhf epjp toq;Fk; toikahd epiyikf;Fg; gjpyhf
fpuhkpa kl;l mgptpUj;jpfSf;F epjp toq;Fk; nghOJ ,e;j cs;Suhl;rp
kd;wq;fs; %ykhf epjp toq;Fjy; Ntz;Lk;.
13. fpilf;fpd;w Gs;sp tpguq;fshdJ ,yq;ifapd; Vida gpuNjrq;fis
tpl tlkhfzj;jpy; tWikf; Nfhl;bd; fPo; tho;gtHfs;
mjpfkhdtHfshf fhz;gpf;fpd;J. tWik vd;gJ kf;fspd; cilikfs;
,y;yhky; Nghjy; vd;W Gyg;gLk;. re;ijfs; nraypof;fg;gLk; nghOJk;
nghJr; Nritfs; kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLk; nghOJk; cilikfs;
,of;fg;gLfpd;wd. vdNt kPs; FbNaw;w fhyfl;lj;jpy; tWik
njhlHghd ,e;jf; fhuzpf;F $ba mtjhdk; nrYj;jg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.

14. cldb kw;Wk; ,ilf;fhyg; nghWg;Gf;fs; njhlHghf mtjhdk;

nrYj;jg;gl Ntz;ba kw;nwhU Kf;fpa tplak;> jkpoPo tpLjiyg;
GypfSld; ,ize;jpUe;j Nghuhspfisg; GdHtho;tpw;F
cl;gLj;JtjhFk;. mtHfs; ngWkjpAs;s kw;Wk; gaDs;s gpui[fshf
jq;fSila tho;f;ifia khw;wpaikj;Jf; nfhs;sj;Njitahd
GdHtho;T eltbf;iffs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
cs;thq;fg;gl;l ,yq;ifia fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;fhd nghWg;Gfs;
15. fhyzpj;Jtj;jpw;Fg; gpe;jpa ,yq;ifapd; muR fl;bnaOg;gg;gl;L
epHtfpf;fg;gl;l jd;ikapd; Neub tpisTjhd; ,e;j MAj Kuz;ghL. gy
rl;l %yq;fspd; %yKk; rHthjpfhuk; nfhz;l ,uz;L ahg;Gfspd;
%yKk; jkpoHfspdJk;> Vida Njrpaq;fspdJk; kw;Wk; ,dj;Jtf;
FOkq;fspdJk; gq;Nfw;wy; kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;ld. ,e;j Xuq;fl;ly; kw;Wk;
ghFghLfspd; tpisthf Rje;jpuk; fpilj;jJ Kjy; ,e;j
fhydpj;Jtj;jpw;Fg; gpe;jpa ,yq;if murhdJ gy vjpHg;Gf;fis
vjpHNehf;fp te;Js;sJ. vdNt ,e;j ePz;l fhyg; gpur;rpidf;Fj; jPHT
fhz;gij Nehf;fkhf nfhz;L mjpfhu gfpHTf; nfhs;iffs;
mbg;gilahf mikAk; tifapy; ,yq;if mur fl;likg;ig
kWrPuikg;gjw;Fj; Njitahd eltbf;iffs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

16. ,uhZt uPjpahd ntw;wpnad;gJ jkpoHfs; cs;thq;fg;gl;l ,dkhf

,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w Nfhupf;ifiag; gytPdg;gLj;jpAs;sJ vdf;
fUjyhk;. kWGwj;jpy; jkpoPo tpLjiyg;Gypfs; jdp ehl;il ,yf;fhff;
nfhz;L ehlhj;jpa Nghuhl;lkhdJ jkpoHfs; Gwe;js;sg;gLtij
tpjpg;gLj;Jtjhf mike;Js;sJ. (Formalization of exclusion) vd;Dila
mgpg;gpuhag;gb jkpoHfs; ,yq;ifapd; mur fl;Lkhdj;ij kPs; epHzak;
nra;tjw;fhf ,wq;fpapUf;f Ntz;Lk;. mur ahg;gpw;fhd 13 tJ jpUj;jk;
NghJkhdjy;y vd;gJ vy;NyhuhYk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l tplakhFk;. ,J
gy FiwghLfisAk; Kuz;ghLfisAk; nfhz;ljhf mike;Js;sJ.
,j;jpUj;jkhdJ KOikahf eilKiwg;gLj;jg;glTk; ,y;iy.
,Ug;gpDk; khfhz mgptpUj;jpf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhz;l gy tplaq;fs;
njhlHghf tiuaWf;fg;gl;l mjpfhuq;fis ,e;jj; jpUj;jr;rl;lk;
toq;Ffpd;wJ. vdNt ,jd; rl;l uPjpahd jd;ik
Nfs;tpf;Fl;gLj;jf;$ba xd;wy;y. vdNt tl khfhzrig
mikf;fg;gLtJ ,yq;if murpd; cs;thq;fiyAk; mjpfupg;gjw;F xU
eilKiwahff; fUj KbAk;.
 fpof;F khfhz gy;jug;G muq;fk;
Aj;jj;jpw;F gpe;jpa epiy gw;wpa fUj;jhly;
Aj;jj;jpw;Fg; gpe;jpa epiyAk; gpur;rpidfSk;

 ,lk;ngaHe;jtHfSf;fhd kPs; FbNaw;wk; kw;Wk; Gduikg;G

 Aj;jj;jhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;ltHfSf;fhd cupikfisg; ngw;Wf;nfhLj;jy;
 Kd;dhs; NghuhspfSf;fhd ed;elj;ij gapw;rpA+lhf r%f kakhf;Fjy;
 fle;j fhy cz;ikia Vw;Wf;nfhs;Sjy;
 fle;j fhyj;jpy; epfo;e;j mePjpfs; fhuzkhf Vw;gl;l gpur;rpidfSf;Fj;
jPHtpidj; NjLjy; (kdpj cupik kPwy;fs; njhlHghd)
 murpay; uPjpahf Vw;gl;l kdtUj;jq;fSf;F jPHtpidg; ngw;Wf;
nfhLj;jy;
 kPs; ,zf;fg;ghl;bidAk; rkhjhdj;jpidAk; fl;bnaOg;Gk;
eltbf;iffSf;F tYT+l;Ljy;

ePjpapd; epiy khw;wk;

ePjpapd; epiykhw;wk; vd;gJ Nkhjy; epiyapypUe;J epiyahd
rkhjhdj;ij Nehf;fp nry;tJ my;yJ cupikfs; kWf;fgl;l
epiyapypUe;J [dehafj;ij Nehf;fpr; nry;Yk; fl;lkhFk;. MAj
Nkhjypy; my;yJ ghuJ}ukhd mstpy; cupik kWf;fg;gl;ljd; gpd;G
Njhw;wk; ngWk; ePjpapd; fhyg;gFjpapDs; kpfg; gpujhdkhf 3 tplaq;fSf;F
ftdk; nrYj;jgly; Ntz;Lk;.
1. rl;lj;jpd; Ml;rpapid epiyehl;Ljy;> kw;Wk; kdpj cupikapidg;
ghJfhj;jy;
2. gfpuq;fj;jd;ik> tpA+f uPjpahd rkj;Jtk; kw;Wk; [dehafk;
vd;gtw;iw Vw;gLj;Jtjw;F epWtd uPjpahd rPHjpUj;jq;fs;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gly; Ntz;Lk;
3. r%fj;jpid kPsf;fl;bnaOg;Gjy; kw;Wk; J}u Nehf;Fld; $ba Njrpa
kPs; ,zf;fg;ghl;bid fl;bnaOg;Gk; nray;Kiwapid mKy;gLj;Jjy;

ePjpapd; epiykhw;wk; vDk; tplaj;ij ikakhff; nfhz;L %d;W

tplaq;fs; tpgupf;fg;gLfpd;wd. mitahtd:
1. ele;j rk;gtq;fspd; cz;ikfis Njrpa tpgupg;gpd; %ykhf
Vw;Wf;nfhs;tJk; ,e;j cz;ik njhlHghd nghJkf;fspd; Gupe;JzHit
Vw;gLj;JtJk;> Kuz;ghl;bd; NghJ ,Ue;j Ml;rpf;Fk; mjw;Fg; gpe;jpa
Ml;rpf;FkpilNa cs;s NtWghl;bid Kiwahf ,dk;fhZjy;
2. kdpj,dj;jpw;F vjpuhf Fw;wq;fs; tpistpj;jy;> kw;Wk; ghuJ}ukhd
kdpj cupik kPwy;fs; eilngWk; re;jHg;gj;jpy; gfpuq;fj; jd;ikia
epiy ehl;Ltjw;Fk; mt;thwhd Fw;wr; nray;fs; eilngwhky;
,Ug;gjw;Fj; Njitahd toptiffis mjhtJ xU nray;Kiwapid
mKy;gLj;Jjy; Ntz;Lk;. RUf;fkhff; $wpdhy; jz;lid toq;Fjy;
my;yJ ePjp epiyehl;lg;gly; Ntz;Lk;
3. kPs,
; zf;fg;ghl;bd; ePz;lfhy> ,Wjpahd Nehf;fj;jpid mile;J
nfhs;Sk; nghUl;L mjhtJ kPz;Lk R%fkhd epiyia Nehf;fpr;
nry;tjid ,yf;fhff; nfhz;L cilj;njwpag;gl;l r%f> kw;Wk; xOf;f
newpfis (Nkhjypdhy; ghjpg;Gf;Fs;shfpa egHfs;> r%fq;fs; kw;Wk;
Njrk;) kPz;Lk; fl;bnaOg;gg;gly; Ntz;Lk;
ePjpapd; epiykhw;wk; ,J tiuAk; cs;slf;fp ,Uf;Fk;
tplaq;fshtd:

 murpay; td;KiwAld; $ba xu; Ml;rpapid cUthf;Ftjy;

my;yJ Njrpa ghJfhg;gpid cWjpg;gLj;Jjy; vDk; ngaupy;
ghuJ}ukhd kdpj cupik kPwy;fis Nkw; nfhs;Sk; Kf;fpakhd
egHfSf;nfjpuhf jz;lid toq;Fjy;
 Njrpa cz;ik $Wk; Mizf;FOtpD}lhf Njrpa
cz;ikfisf; $wp ntspg;gLj;Jjy;
 ,ufrpakhd nghyp]; mwpf;iffis my;yJ Njrpa uPjpahf
Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;j Vida mwpf;iffis nghJkf;fs; ngw;Wf;
nfhs;tjw;fhd toptiffis Vw;gLj;Jjy;
 murpay; td;KiwAld; $ba xU Ml;rpapid Vw;gLj;Jtjw;F
Jizahf ,Ue;j ,uhZt kw;Wk; murpay; mjpfhupfis
kl;Lkd;wp mur NritahsHfisAk; ,dq;fz;L gjtpapypUe;J
mfw;Wjy;> kw;Wk; mtHfsJ Nritf;fhf ngw;Wf;nfhLf;fg;gLk;
Xa;T+jpak; nghUshjhu ed;ikfisj; jilnra;jy;
 murpay; td;Kiwfis Vw;gLj;jpa egHfspdJk; mtw;wpdhy;
ghjpg;Gf;Fs;shfpa egHfspdJk; ngaHfis ntspg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd
(nghJkf;fs; mwpe;J nfhs;tjw;F) Vw;ghLfis Nkw;nfhs;Sjy;
 murpay; td;Kiw kw;Wk; Nkhjy; fhuzkhf
ghjpg;Gf;Fs;shfpatHfsplk; murhq;fkhdJ kd;dpg;Gf;NfhUjy;
kw;Wk; mtHfSf;Fg; ngw;Wf;nfhLf;f Ntz;ba ngsjPf> kw;Wk;
gwpf;fg;gl;l tpNrl milahsq;fis ngw;Wf;nfhLj;jy;
 td;Kiw kw;Wk; Nkhjy;fs; eilngw;w fhyg;gFjpapy; mDgtpj;j
Ntjidfis kf;fSf;F njupag;gLj;JjYk; mtw;iw epidT
$WjYk;

ePjpapd; epiykhw;wk; njhlHghd rthy;fs; gpd;tUk; ge;jpfspy; kpf

Mokhf tpgupf;fg;gLfpd;wd

 kdpj cupik kPwy;fs; njhlHghf eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;Sk; NghJ

ehk; tuyhw;wpy; ve;jsT fhyg;gFjptiu fUj;jpw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. Vd;
,t;thwhd Nfs;tp vOfpd;wnjd;why; eilKiwapy; ehk;
Kfq;nfhLf;Fk; ngUk;ghyhd Nkhjy;fSf;F fhuzkhf miktJ
me;epa Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpd; NghJ ehk; mDgtpj;j ,d;dy;fspd;
ntspg;ghNl MFk;
 Njrpa rk;gpujhaq;fs;> epahaq;fs; (ePjp) njhlHghf Njrpa
vz;zf;fUf;fSk; kw;Wk; rHtNjr mgpyhi\fSld; ,ize;j Njrpa
Njitfs; kw;Wk; midj;Jyf kdpj cupik njhlHghd
juhjuq;fSf;fpilNa Xh; ,izg;gpid Kd;nfhz;L nry;y Ntz;ba
Njit fhzg;gLfpwJ
 murpay; td;KiwfSf;F Mshfpa egHfspdJk; ,t;td;Kiwfspy;
,Ue;J jkJ capHfis ghJfhj;Jf;nfhz;ltHfspdJk; cghauPjpahd
mtHfsJ vjpHghHg;Gf;fSf;Fk; kw;Wk; eilKiwj; NjitfSf;Fk;
,ilNa Xh; ,izg;gpid Vw;gLj;Jtjw;F> epWtdf; fl;likg;gpD}lhf
ghjpf;fgl;ltHfspd; mgpyhi\fis G+Hj;jpnra;ag;gLtjw;fhd Njit
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
 midj;J tpjkhd r%f nraw;ghLfspd; NghJk;> $l;L
td;KiwfspD}lhf tpNrl mDgtq;fSf;F Kfq;nfhLj;j ngz;fs;
njhlHghf nfhs;iffs; cUthf;fg;gLk; NghJ cz;ik kw;Wk; ePjp
epiyehl;lg;gl Ntz;ba Njit fhzg;gLfpwJ.
 nghJkf;fis mwpT+l;Ltjw;Fk; fw;if Nehf;fpid ,yf;fhff; nfhz;Lk;
fle;j fhyj;jpy; kdpj cupik kPwy;fs; ,lk; ngw;w Kiw njhlHghfTk;
mt; kdpj cupik kPwy;fs; rk;gtq;fs; njhlHghfTk; Nrpa kl;l tpgupg;G
xd;wpd; %yk; (murpay; ,yhgk; fUjp Gwe;js;s Kbahj> rthy;fSf;F
cl;gLj;j Kbahj tifapy; kf;fspd; mwptpid tsHj;njLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
 ghjpf;fggl;ltHfs; mDgtpj;j ,d;dy;fis rl;l uPjpahf
Vw;Wf;nfhs;SjYk; ngsjPf kw;Wk; tpNrl ,d milahsq;fs;
fhuzkhf ghjpg;Gf;Fs;shfpatHfSf;F el;l<L toq;f Kbahky;
Nghdikf;fhd nghWg;gpid rl;l uPjpahf Vw;Wf;nfhs;Sjy;
 murpay; td;Kiw my;yJ Nkhjy; ,lk;ngw;w fhyg;gFjpapDs; $l;L
td;Kiwfs; ,lk; ngw;w re;jHg;gj;jpy; murpay;> nghUshjhu r%f
ed;ikfisg; ngw;Wf;nfhz;l egHfSk; Njrpa uPjpahd ,zf;fk;
xd;wpid cUthf;Fk; re;jHg;gj;jpy; cs;thq;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.
mt;thwhd egHfs; njhlHr;rpahf kPs; ,zf;fg;ghl;L eltbf;iffSf;F
xj;Jiof;f Ntz;ba xOf;f uPjpahd flikg;ghL mtHfSf;F cz;L
vd;gjid ehk; ,zq;fhd Ntz;Lk;. mj;NjhL mf;flikg;ghl;bid
Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf;$ba xU nray;KiwapidAk; mwpKfg;gLj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
 eilKiwapy; fhzg;gLk; tpA+f uPjpahd rkj;Jtkw;w epiy
(ngUk;ghyhd re;jHg;gq;fspy; MAj Gul;rpfSf;F fhuzkhf miktJ
,JNtahFk;) kw;Wk; ePz;l fhyk; ,lk; ngw;w Nkhjy;fs; my;yJ
Jd;GWj;jy;fs; fhuzkhf Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gl;l murpay; r%f
kdtUj;jq;fs; kw;Wk; NkhjYf;fhd fhuzpfSf;F jPHtpidg;
ngw;Wf;nfhLj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
 Nkhjy; epiykhw;wr; nraw;ghl;bd; %yk; kPs;,zf;fg;ghl;bd; cjtpAld;
Njrpa uPjpahf Kuz;ghl;bd; tLf;fis mfw;Wtjw;Fk; midj;J
tifahd r%fg; nghUshjhu murpay; rkj;Jtkw;w epiyfSf;Fj;
jPHtpidg; ngw;Wf;nfhLg;gjw;F NkhjYf;fhfg; gad;gLj;jpa rf;jpapid>
kPs; ,zf;fg;ghl;bid Vw;gLj;Jtjw;fhf gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;tjw;F
Njitahd xU nray;Kiwapid ,dq;fz;L mjid eilKiwg;gLj;j
Ntz;Lk;
kPs,
; zf;fg;ghL

[dehafKk; kPs,
; zf;fg;ghLk;
Nkhjy; fhuzkhf Vw;gLk; tplaq;fSf;F [dehaf topKiwfspD}lhf
jPHtpidg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAk;. ,j; jPHTfis mKy;gLj;Jk; egHfSf;F
,ilNa cwtpid tsHg;gNj kPs; ,zf;fg;ghlhFk;.
 kPs,
; zf;fg;ghL vd;gJ mile;J nfhs;sf; $ba xU ,yf;fhFk;. mNj
Nghd;W mt;tpyf;fpid mile;J nfhs;tjw;fhd xU nraw;ghLk; MFk;.
 Nkhjy; kPz;Lk; Njhd;Wtjw;F tuyhW my;yJ fle;j fhykhdJ xU
tpj;jhf mikahj tifapy; kPs;,zf;fg;ghlhdJ mf;fhuzpapid
Kw;whf jil nra;fpd;wJ. mjD}lhf rkhjhdj;ij Vw;gLj;Jjy;>
td;Kiwr; nraw;ghl;bid ,y;yhnjhopj;jy;> kw;Wk; Gjpjhf
mwpKfg;gLj;jpa [dehaf tpA+fq;fis my;yJ epWtdq;fis
tYg;gLj;Jjy; Nghd;wd ,lk; ngWk;.

kPs; ,zf;fg;ghl;bd; %d;W fl;lq;fs;

1. td;Kiwaw;w rftho;tpd; %yk; gaj;jpid mfw;wy;
2. cWjpg;ghl;bidAk;> ek;gpf;ifapidAk; fl;bnaOg;Gjy;
3. kw;iwa jug;gpduJ czHtpw;F kjpg;gspj;jy;

 RgPl;rkhd vjpHfhyj;ij cUthf;Ftij fUj;jpw; nfhz;L

frg;ghd fle;j fhy epfo;Tff;Fj; jPHtpidj; NjLfpd;Nwhk;.
,jid mile;J nfhs;sNt kPs; ,zf;fg;ghl;bid cUthf;f
Kaw;rpf;fpd;Nwhk;.
 kPs,; zf;fg;ghlhdJ midtiuAk; cs;slf;fpanjhd;whFk;.
td;Kiwf;F MshfpatHfSf;Fk; mt;td;Kiwapid
Vw;gLj;jpatHfSf;Fk; kl;LNk nrhe;jkhdjy;y
 kPs; ,zf;fg;ghlhdJ xU ePz;l fhy nraw;ghlhFk;. mJ gy
jrhg;jq;fshfNth my;yJ rpy guk;giufshfNth mikaf; $Lk;
 ,e;j eltbf;ifahdJ jdp egHfis kl;Lkd;wp midj;Jf;
FOf;fisAk;> midj;J r%fq;fisAk; KOikahf ,r;
nraw;ghl;bd; eltbf;iffSld; ,zj;Jf; nfhs;Sk;
 epue;ju kPs,; zf;fg;ghlhdJ me; ehl;bd; %ykhfNt
cUthf;fg;gl;lnjhd;whf mikjy; Ntz;Lk;.

vt;thW?
FWfpa fhyk;
 ghjpg;Gf;Fs;shfpatHfsJ frg;ghd mDgtq;fis ePf;Fjy;
 ghjpg;Gf;Fs;shfpatHfSf;F XusNtDk; ePjpapidg; ngw;Wf;nfhLj;jy;
 fle;j fhy cz;ikapid ntspg;gLj;JjYk; cstpay; uPjpahfTk;
ngsjPf uPjpahfTk; ghjpg;Gf;Fs;shfpatHfSf;F e\;l <l;bidg; ngw;Wf;
nfhLj;jy;
vg;NghJ> ve;j XOq;fpy;> vt;tsT Ntfj;jpy;:
1. kPs; ,zf;fg;ghL nraw;ghl;bid vg;nghOJ Muk;gpf;f Ntz;Lk?;
2. ve;j xOq;fpy; mr;nraw;ghl;bid tbtikf;f Ntz;Lk?;
3. mjw;fhd Kiwahd Ntfk; vJ?

kPs,
; zf;fg;ghl;bw;fhd fw;if
kjpg;gspj;jy;> kw;Wk; rkj;Jtk; Nghd;w tpOkpaq;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L
kPs,
; zf;fg;ghl;L fw;ifahdJ fhzg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. fyhr;rhuk;> milahsk;>
tFg;G> Mz;> ngz; r%fepiy Nghd;w tpNrlkhd fhuzpfSf;F jPHtpidj;
NjLk; NghJ gd;ikj;Jtk; njhlHghf mtjhdk; nrYj;Jjy; Ntz;Lk;

kPs,
; zf;fr; nraw;ghl;Lld; njhlHgw;w tplaq;fs;
1. kdpj cupik kPwy;fSf;F kd;dpg;gspj;jy;
2. jdpahdnjhU nraw;ghlhf Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;Yjy;
3. ePjpf;Fk; epahaj;jpw;Fk; khwhfNth my;yJ vjpuhfNth ,Uj;jy;
4. xU kj vz;zf;fUthf mikjy;
5. KOikahdNjhH rkhjhdkhf mikjy;
6. epidtpy; ,Ue;J mfw;wptpLtjw;F xH fhuzkhf miktJld;
7. ntWkNd kd;dpj;JtpLjYkhFk;

kPs,
; zf;fg;ghl;Lr; nraw;ghl;Lld; njhlHGila tplaq;fs;
1. ,yl;rpaj;Jld; vjpHfhyj;jpy; tho;tjw;fhd xU topapid ,dk;fhZjy;
2. cwTfis kPz;Lk; fl;bnaOg;Gjy;
3. fle;j fhy frg;GzHit kwe;J gopjPHf;Fk; vz;zq;fis kwe;J
vjpupAld; ey;Ywtpid tsHj;jy;
4. KOikahdNjhH khw;wj;jpid Vw;gLj;Jk; Nehf;fpy; gue;jstpyhd r%f
gq;Nfw;wYldhd ePz;lfhy nraw;ghnlhd;whf mikjy;
5. fle;jfhy gbg;gpidfs;> Qhgfq;fs; Vw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; nraw;ghlhf
miktJld;
6. gyte;jkhf jpzpf;fg;gl;lnjhd;whf mikahJ RatpUg;Gld;
Vw;Wf;nfhz;lnjhd;whf mikjy;