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OF
HYDRAULIC CIRCUITS
Authors :
3. A simple Hydraulic Circuit -1 Actuators are nothing but hydraulic cylinders (linear
actuators) or hydraulic motors (rotary actuators).
4. A simple Hydraulic Circuit -2 We must know what the actuator does and we must know
what are the specifications of actuators from the customers, before
starting to design a hydraulic circuit. Designers can study little more
5. Machine Tool Hydraulics and find out where the actuators are used (i.e.) in what kind of
machine.
Hydraulics in Simple Plastic Injection Moulding Machines A standard list of questions to be asked by a hydraulic circuit
designer to end user is presented here. Once we have the answers,
7. A Simple Press Circuit the hydraulic circuit can be designed.
For simplicity sake, let us assume only hydraulic cylinders
. Few more Applications are used and not hydraulic motors;
Most of the users of hydraulic power unit will be in a position
9. This way to Hydraulic Circuits to answer the questions listed here.
List of questions to be asked
10. Common Problems.
1. Is the cylinder single acting or double acting?
2. How many cylinders are used?
11. Standard Graphical Symbols
3. What is the sequence of cylinder movement-one after other
or almost together?
4. What is the function of each cylinder?
5. What machine all these cylinders go to make? 9. Manual / Solenoid operated Manual
6. What is the bore size of cylinder?
10. What is the force acting on the 1. Clamping - 500 kg
7. What is the ram size (rod of a hydraulic cylinder) ? Customers cylinder? 2. Drilling - 300 kg
may not know this end hence answer is not an essential one. 11. What is the speed of 1. Clamp - 2 meters/mt
8. What is the stroke length of the cylinder? movement required 2. Drilling -100mm/min
9. Does the customer require manual/solenoid operated Armed with above information, you have to start working;
(electrically operated or automated) movement? One step at a time
10. What is the force acting on the cylinder?
1. We must know how much or what quantity of fluid is
11. What is the speed of movement required? required to do the work. Hence the first step is to find,-ihe
pump capacity. The capacity is expressed in litres per minute
12. Do they require single speed/double speed or multiple speed
and can be calculated from the following formula.
for the same cylinder, if so what are these speeds:
Q Capacity in lit/min = Area of cylinder
Suppose the customer is better informed and can answer
in sq.cms X
your questions as below:
Velocity of movement
Question Answer of cylinder in cms/minute
1. Single acting / Double acting From the above example
Double acting
2. How many cylinders 2 cylinders i) Q Capacity in lit/min = 78.5 sq.cm (Clamping
cylinder area) X 200
3. Sequence one after other
cms/min clamping
4. Function of each cylinder 1. Clamping speed
2. Drilling 15700 cubic cms/min.
5. What machine all these Drilling Machine 15.7 lit/min
cylinders go to make?
ii) Q Capacity in lit/min = 31.15 sq.cm X l0cros/min
6. Bore size of cylinders 1. Clamping 100 mm dia incase of drilling along area of cylinder X
2. Drilling 63 mm dia drilling speed
= 31.15 cubic cms/min
7. Ram size of cylinders I don't know. Standard
0.31pm
size given by any
reputed manufacturer
1. Since the cylinders have to actuate one after the other, we
8. Stroke length of cylinders 1. Clamp 20 mm can consider a pump having a capacity of 15.71pm or near
2. Drilling - 120 mm about. This will take care of both clamping as well as drilling.
2 3
2. We know the pump size , what about the working pressure? Generally hydraulic pumps are driven by motors of 1440
We go back to the age old formula (i.e) rpm. Thereis a thumb rule forcalculating the HP of the motor
Force required, given the flow capacity and pressure.
Pressure =
area ower in KW
2.1 Clamping Force Where P = o mg pressure in bar
Clamping pressure
Clamp Cylinder area Kg/cm2
Q = Flow capacity of pump
500K g = 6 in lpm
Clamping pressure .36 Kg/cm2 As per the example,
78.5cm2
P 9.6 Kg/ 2 x 15.7 lpm
2.2 Drilling Force 600
Drilling Pressure 0.25KW600
drill cyl. diameter
0.25
HP 0-346 0.335.0.5 HP
300 Kg
Note 1 :
31.14 cm2
,,Z ,Aar = 1.03 kg/cm2. For sake of simplicity in calculations
9.6 Kg/cm2 we take I bar to be equal to 1 kg/cm.
Note 2:
The maximum working pressure is the higher of the above
two. (i.e) 9.6 Kg/sq.cm
Generally the above formula of-EQ for KW is only a thumb
So far we have found the 600
rule and will not be accurate, especially closer to extremes of the
1. Capacity of the pump ( i.e) 15.71pm ; 16 ^P'^n' characteristic curves of the pump. It is better to refer to selection
2. Max working pressure (i.e) 9.6 Kg/sq.cm curves to decide the exact HP/KW required.
3. We can decide about the reservoir size of power unit. The The above type of calculation, tells us following
Thumb rule is that it should be about 4 times the capacity of 1. Capacity of pump to be chosen
the pump (i.e) the pump capacity say 161pm . The reservoir
size should be 16X4=64lit. 2. H.P. of the motor to be coupled to the pump.
As standard reservoir come in 50 lits, 75 .1its, and 100 fits. 3. Working pressure
We can choose 75 lit capacity reservoir. 4. Size of reservoir
4. What about the Motor HP rating? This is only the beginning, in the design of hydraulic circuit.
4 5
Chapter 2
The oil level indicator (2) indicates the oil level in the FIGURE _2(2)
6
The hydraulic circuit starts with the reservoir and with
accessories . Please note further addition in building up the circuit-
Figure 2(2)
PR RELIEF VALVE
8
For industrial hydraulic power units, it is preferable to Chapter 3
choose 4" dial panel mounted pressure gauge.
b. Suction Strainer Let us consider a system - where the hydraulic cylinder (say
one number) first pushes a load into the furnance.
c. Pump coupled to electric motor
The basic block, we have understood in the previous chapter.
d. Pr. relief valve From the basic block, we have a P line (pump line) coming out. We
have another end of the circuit (i.e) the T line that gets back to the
e. Return line filter reservoir.
10 I 11
When solenoid Y is energised, the oil from P line gets thro
to B and to B1 of the hydraulic cylinder and the piston moves in
the opposite direction.
At this neutral position all ports are blocked and hence the
oil does not get into the cylinder.
13
2
In the neutral position, once the oil is in the pipe lines, the
cylinder cannot be just pushed manually ; is this required for
the application in mind?
Any designer would like the motor (prime mover) to start on
no load.
In these types of DC valves, the oil can get back to ` T' line
in neutral position. Hence no load starting of motor is possible just
by choosing a right DC valve configuration . So far we have
discussed oil route that can go to the cylinder and that comes out
through the DC valve.
FLOW CONTROL WITH
REVERSE CHECK VALVE Please refer Figure 3 (2)
Al
We introduced another valve here. This valve as it is shown
B will allow the oil to go through a restriction which is adjustable.
T
Now consider the implications of this flow restrictor (Flow
FIGURE _3(5) control valve with reverse check ) you can reduce the quantity of oil
that will flow through this valve. Result?
But, the flow control valve allows only limited volume of oil
14 to flow through . What happens to the oil volume that gets pumped
into the system which is much more.
15
Well. This excess oil is relieved/blown through the pressure
relief valve. Chapter 4
16 17
However, we must remember that all conventional sliding
spool valves allow a leakage (quantity of leakage depends on the
size and pressure differential) and so the load can creep down.
Please refer figure 4(2). The additional valve shown is pilot
operated check valve designated as POC in the figure. This valve
is a poppet design and hence gives zero leak characteristics.
DCV _ D^RECTON CONTROL _A-E The POC valve is located on the B line. The advantage is that
the load can be held in any mid position without the `creeping'
mentioned earlier.
One problem remains:
When solenoid X is energised the cylinder can still come
BASIC BLOCK down more driven by the load and can cause uncontrolled dissent.
Please refer figure 4(3). We have added one more element -
a pressure control (i.e) Counter Balance valve designated as CBV
in the figure.
FIGURE -4(;)
The idea is to control the dissent. This is done by setting the
CBV at a particular pressure. This pressure is set at a value
equivalent to the load divided by the bottom area of the cylinder.
Now the load is counterbalanced and cannot come down due
its own weight unless solenoid X is energised and the set value of
a CBV is exceeded on the ram side of the cylinder.
The CBV has a built in reverse check valve. The advantage
is that when the cylinder is to be lifted up just energise solenoid Y.
FIGURE _4(77) The oil flows into the port B, of the cylinderlifting the reverse check
of the CBV. In furnace gate lifting application, this circuit discussed
can also be employed.
In effect, it means that for such high runaway loads, it is
better to have a CBV in addition to POC - so that control is possible
FIGURE-4(2) in the runaway direction. One more illustration is in the case of a
1 8 vertical drill where at the opening out of the material, the drill tries
a
to break out of control as the load is not there - suddenly. Even in
19
such applications we must have a CBV in the circuit - to reduce
such undesirable and uncontrollable movements of the drill or the
LOAD cylinder.
Please refer figure 4(4). Suppose further speed control is
I
L required during descent of the cylinder, then we can have a flow
81 control valve, designated as FCV in the figure 4(4). This application
ROC
,BOTTOM AREA
just discussed is also possible with a pump driven by an engine and
with manually operated dc valve. For example, in any lift platform
I CBV
used by airlines for cargo loading.
To summarise, in this chapter, we have seen practical usage
of a pilot operated check valve (POC), counter balance valve (CBV)
and Flow control Valve (FCV).
All these valves are also available in modular form but the
idea is that we understand by illustrating the tine diagram.
FIGURE _4(3) For beginners, (For whom this book is meant), they must
imagine the consequence of not using anyone of the valves in the
LOAD
Al
circuits discussed.
Roc
FIGURE _ 4 (4)
20
21
Chapter 5
22
Suppose there is a sudden power failure - then immediately, the
spring offset position of the dcv, takes place and the job gets
clamped . Perhaps even before the job is in its place . In all possibility
the hand holding the job also gets clamped , instead of the job - if
the power fails . It is because the pump continues to deliver for few
more moments even after power failure due to inertia.
Please refer figure 5 (2). We have a different type DCV in
FS
place instead of a spring offset solenoid operated dcv. This valve
is known as two position solenoid operated detent type Direction
Control Valve.
24
Please refer figure 5(3). We have changed the POC valve to
a double pilot operated check valve- what is the significance?
Very often, once the job is clamped and the tool is held (say
a drill), the tool is moved rapidly towards the job till tool reaches
the job then (say) the drilling starts (feed), After drilling, the tool is
retracted rapidly.
BASIC BLOCK
26
With this kind of circuit, it is possible to get two (dual) speeds
in one direction and one rapid speed in the opposite direction.
indicated. Oil from port B2 flows freely to the tank. This situation
(1) happens when DCV 2 is not energised.
28
3
Dual speed (feed) with meter out now control valve
30
Tank line feed control
32
One advantage of this standard block is that the FCV is
connected to P line directly unlike in other feed circuit . This means
the response time (of hydrostat in the FCV) of the FCV is much
better. This standard feed block is a meter in circuit and you can
get feed speed in both the directions.
Chucking
34
Further because of continuous leakage pilot operated check
valves are not of any use in rotary chuck applications.
36
and the accumulator backs up the pressure loss till the rotation
ceases - depending on accumulator sizing.
The pressure switches serve the function of sending out
electrical signals for commencing next operations. These electrical
signals are sent once the pressure switch set limits for internal/
external clampings pressure are reached.
Counter Balancing
The relief valve comes into play only during descent of the
moving head. FIGURE_5(13)
38
The combination of reducing, check and relief valves are
available as one valve form reputed hydraulic component
manufacturers. (Refer sketch enclosed)
Please refer figure 5 (14)
When the moving head stroke is less as in the case of slant
bed lathe cross slide or the wheel head of a surface grinder, an
accumulator in closed loop is used as a counter balancing device.
T
By close loop, here we mean that there is no external supply
of oil to the counter balance cylinder. This cylinder is directly
connected to an accumulator as shown. The sizing of accumulator
and the cylinder are done in such a way, that at the mid point of the
stroke, the precharge pressure of the accumulator and the counter
balance oil pressure are equal.
- P
Indexing
FIGURE - 5(15)
40
V
Howeverthe advantage of the secondary speed control is that
we can fix the cushioning as per our requirement, whereas in a
cushioned cylinder the cushioning action is obtained only at the
ends of stroke.
Rotary indexing table in special purpose machines.
Generally the indexing table rotates little more than the next
location (see fig 5 (18) ) repidly and reverses the direction and
comes back slowly to the intended state.
43
MOUNTING HOLES
CLAMPING
Al B1
PILOT OPTD
CHECK VALVE
oCV CETOP_ 3
FIGCFE 5(20)
PR GAUGE
CON NECrON/
P T
BASIC BLOCK
CETOP_5
LINE DIAGRAM OF CLAMPING CIRCUIT
FIGUFE - 5 (21)
FIGURE-5(19)
44
45
Hydraulic circuits - in modular form
CONVENTIONAL LINE MOUNTED VALVE We have so far illustrated hydraulic circuits drawn in
MODULAR STACKABLE VALVE.
P
The best way to understand the reading of modular hydraulic
circuit is to see how we can convert a conventionally drawn circuit
to a modular circuit.
47
CHAPTER 6
CLAMPING INJECTION
48
' For illustration phase see circuit fig 6(2).
The features of the Circuit are :
1. Safety provision for clamping cylinder - unless knob A of
the DC Valve is pushed by a sliding door that will close the
CLAMPING INJECTION SCREW DRIVE
machine, oil, cannot flow thro' this DC valve to the clamping
w
cylinder. This is for the safety of the operators.
WOR CLOSED.
POC FOI 2. Independent pump lines foreach DCVS to injection cylinder,
clamp cylinder and screw drive motor.
3. To reduce heating, an unloding relief valve is provided. This
CLOSING WILL will help the pump to unload during starting, curing etc.,
PRESS VALVE TO
THLS PC6ITION
M
I
L
FIGURE - 6( 2)
50
51
CHAPTER 7
press having M
5. Operation : Manual
FIGURE_7(1)
52
The steps involved:
100T
210 kg/cm2 =
Full bore area of hyd. cylinder FIGURE _ 7 (2)
by using 250 mm bore dia cylinder whose full bore area works out POWER REQUIRE WILE
PRESSING AT 210BAR
to 490 Sq.cm. BUT USING ONLY LPM
54
4. Calculate the flow of the pump required:
Q Flow rate =cylinder bore area x velocity
490 cm 2 x 200 ems/m
1000
= 981pm
100.T UPSTROKING CURING PRESS
The pump which can deliver 100 1pm will be the most
appropriate. (at 1440rpm & on no load). However it is better to
consult the hydraulic product catalogue of standard manufacturer
and choose a pump that meets this requirement. SINGLE ACTIN(-, CV-NDER
25O
35 KW
The circuit is simple and can be understood by the reader. FIGURE - 7 (4)
56
The DC valve chosen is three position spring centre with all The theoritical HP
ports connected in neutral position. By this we can start the electric l0KK/cm2 X 1001pm PQ
motor on no load and also the POC can normally be connected only rapid closing = 600
600
with such DC valves. these DCV configuration helps the pilot line
of POC to drain in neutral position. As covered earlier the POC 1.6 KW
valve hermetically seals so that the pressure is held throughout the 3 HP
curing process.
For pressing, volume of oil required at 0.2 m/mt
In this case the motor HP theoretically works out to about Q = AxV
50HP. This is nothing but the power absorbed and can be illustrated
in the PQ diagram as follows. = Area of Cylinder x Velocity
58 1 59
Chapter 8
Let us now look at the first application. Please refer fig (8.1)
This is for table feed drilling machine.
Table feed drilling machine application :
Here the table with the component is lifted up rapidly. After
this rapid lift, the feed for drilling, milling etc., takes place. Once
the operation is over, the table comes down rapidly. You look at
fig 8(1), you will observe that all ingredients of a basic block and
similarity with fig 5(6) feed / speed control are there. However,
physically, the machine tool manufacturers opt for a free standing
pumping set and all control values suitably manifolded to be HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT FOR TABLE FEED DRILLING M/C
FIG. P-1
mounted on the column of the drilling machine.
The features here are,
(1) The main DCV has a tandem open centre configuration
whereby pump unloading is achieved. (ie.) the motor stants
on no load when DCV is in neutral position. 61
(2) Two speeds (rapid and feed) are possible in upward direction
and rapid descent in opposite direction are possible.
60
Press brake application
Press brake are used for sheet metal working like bending,
notching, punching etc.,
Please refer figure 8(2)
The customer for this press brake requires a rapid downward
approach, and full tonnage for doing the work and thereafter a rapid
return.
Now look at the two cylinders doing the work. Here
hydraulically, synchronising the movements of both cylinder rams
are not considered. This is achieved by mechanical means.
The features of this circuit are M
FIG.. 9.2
Threading on metals can be done in many ways like thread
turning, chasing and thread forming. For mass production normally
63
thread forming is preferred using thread rolling machine.
62
I
The principle of the thread rolling is that [tic job is kept
between two rotating full profile thread rolls. These !hread rolls are
driven with electric motors. However, hydraulics is used to form
the thread on the job by plunging in the rolls at low feed rate. These
rolls then return at rapid speed. The features are
64
a
5. The steam curing takes place in pressed (ie) load holding
condition say for above 20 to 30 minutes This is called as
vulcanising . The DCV can hold the pressure and the pump
is usually stopped to save power.
Stacker application
66
I
0
'IG: 6-5 -
08
b:?
CHAPTER 9
70
work foryou (of course it should be a force on confined fluid) please
refer figure 9.1
9.3 Positive displacement pumps
pump is say 160 bar. This only means that the pump can withstand LIFT ^ IULLY AND THEN WILL
FLOW T0 B
a pressure of 160 bar and not that it creates a pressure of 160 bar. PUMP
72
N
9.4 Pressure drops and orifices :
Any Hydraulic power unit has flow of oil thro' Orifices (Any
valve has an orifice and the more the valves are in a power unit, the FRICTION REDJCES THE
HEAD AT SUCCEEDING
greater is the emphasis on pressure drops. POINTS EXCEPT WHERE
;.UGE PRESSURE
in lubricity and cause wear and tear and inefficiency.
A`vr'SL I, rt
we can open and close the restrictions. 760r 10M!s '1 27MIs
IN HG VACUMN SCALE. WATERCCWMN 0IL COLUMN
BAROMETER SCALE
9.5 Path of Least Resistance VACUMN CAI;GES
FIGURE 9 6
VACUMN I^N7-'S RANGE
Fluid flows through the path of least resistance when there ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE = 1.03 AC;CM
BAR
is more than one possible flow path in the system. please refer figure
76CmmCF HG
9.4 '-0 "E'ERS GF WATER COLUMN
1127 METERS CF OIL COLUMN
A and B are equal size cylinders load on A 100 Kg. Load on GAUGE PRESSURE IN BG/CM2+1.03 NO'CM ABSOUJTE PRESSURE IN NGrrCM
B is 500 Kg.
Oil will first take the path of least resistance (ie) oil will flow
to A first lift it fully, and then will flow to B. 75
74
9.b Bernoulli's Principle of oil flow'
TI
indicates generally the work load.
In many places, the user of a hydraulic power unlit ignores
tLe importance of apressure guage and normally the pressure guage
cf a system does not work.
Only when there is a problem in the power unit, the
importance of the pressure guage will be realised.
The pressure guage normally ignores atmospheric pressure.
(ie) The standard guage points to zero at atmospheric pressure.
76
9.7.1 Atmospheric pressure : For information the suction pipes are selected for a
maximum oil velocity of 1 meter per second.
It is the weight of air, atmosphere outside, that exists. We are
used to it, so we do not feel it. Cavitation and aeration in a pump
This is actually the weight of air in the atmosphere that acts A pump with adequate suction characteristics (ability to
on every square centimeter. increase partial vacumn to the extent of one fifth in vacumn scale
In terms of value, this atmospheric pressure works out to 1.03 (ie) six inches of Hg or 150 mm of Hg)-can be installed in within
Kg/cm2. Please refer figure 9.6 one meter height of oil level. If the pump does not have such
* One atmospheric Pressure = 1.03 kg/cm2 characteristics, the pumps can be mounted below the oil level.
We must remember here that for every foot of oil, oil creates
1. BAR
a static head pressure of 0.4 psi.
760 mm of Hg
As we try to locate the pumps below the oil level, for each
10 meter of water column foot, we add a positive pressure of 0.4 psi available to the inlet of
11.27 meter of oil column the pump.
Under these conditions the pressure losses due to strainer,
* Guage pressure in Kg/cm2 + 1.03 Kg/cm2 = Absolute
pressure in kg/cm2 suction line and fittings still to be substracted from the total
pressure available at the inlet conditions.
In a partial Vacumn Condition, when the pump is located
Most of the hydraulic oil pumps used are capable of creating above the oil level, then this less than atmospheric pressure acts on
only a partial vacuum. Air pressure on the oil in the reservoir pushes the oil.
oil up the suction line. As the pump cannot suck the oil all the way
The mineral based hydraulic oil, which we use, contain about
through, the height of pump installation above oil level is a matter
8 to 9% of dissolved air. Now, when the `less than atmospheric
of concern.
pressure' acts on the oil, the air in the oil expands and becomes a
Pumps available today can normally create a partial vacumn• higher percentage of volume. This means, more air in oil gets into
equivalent to about 150 mm of mercury which is one fifth on the the pump chamber. At the outlet of the pump is the system pressure
vacumn scale. In terms of oil height one fifth of the oil height works which is considerably more. The air bubbles in the oil will now
out to about 2.25 metres. This is in ideal conditions. But when we collapse at considerable pressure in the pumping chamber. This
talk of practicalities, considering the suction pipe and fitting losses, rapid collapsing of air bubbles results in rapid energy losses in the
when suction strainer is also in use, we can consider only about one form of heat and noise. This heat can result in combustion of oil
metre or there about. leading to carbonisation.
Therefore a hydraulic pump with adequately sized inlet pipe When the pressure gets low on the suction side, it can also
and suction strainer should never be mounted higher than one meter result in vaporisation of oil, the combined effect of all this is know
above the oil level. as cavitation effects.
78 1 79
Chapter 10
TROUBLE SHOOTING
80
CHART I - REMEDIES
e. Overhaul or replace
I
CHART II - REMEDIES 0 0
0
W
H o a 0
journal) U- Z
IW
82
d. Install pressure guage and adjust io correct pressure (Keep
atleast 125 PSI difference between valve settings)
CHART - III
e. Overhaul replace
HNCORF,ECT FLOW
I YOKE ACTUATING
CHART III - REMEDIES PJHP CRIVE MOTOR RELIEF OR UNLOAD:NG
V V SET TOO LOW DEVICE INOPERATIVE
NOT CPERATIN G
(VARWBLF ISPLAC MEN''
PUMPS)
b. Tighten leaky connections - Bleed air from system DIRECTION CONTROL YOKE ACTUATING RPM OF PUMP DRIVE
SET IN WRONG DEVICE INOPERATIVE
MOTOR INCORRECT
POSITION (VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT
c. Check for damaged pump or pump drive - replace and align PUMPS)
REMEDY h
coupling REMEDY :f REMEDY
d. Check for damaged pump or pump drive - replace and align ENTIRE FLOW PASSING RPM OF PUMP
OVER RELIEF VALVE DRIVE MOTOR
coupling INCORRECT
REMEDY d REMEDY h
d. Adjust
DAMAGED PUMP WORN. PUMP
e. Overhaul or replace V V, MOTOR, CYLINDER
OR OTHER COMPONENT
84
CHART - V
FAULTY OPERATION
A c D
3 w J
INOPERATIVE STICKING SERVO I MALFUNCTIONING
O ..O SERVO V V VALVE (FEEDBACK TRANSDUCER
a I- HG' ° REMEDY c REMEDY : d REMEDY
Z uOf
O W =
I
U
WORN OR DAMAGED WORN OR DAMAGED STICKING SERVO VALVE
CYLINDER OR CYLINDER OR
MOTOR MOTOR REMEDY d
REMEDY e REMEDY : e
WORK OR DAMAGED
CYLINDER OR MOTOR
86 REMEDY : e
87
CHART IV - REMEDIES
STANDARD GRAPHICAL S''MBOLS
d. Adjust
C. Overhaul or replacc
CHART V - REMEDIES
e. Overhaul or replace
g. Lubricate
88
MULTIPLE FLOW PATHS
RESERVOIR VENTED (ARROW SHOWS FLOW FTFMlEllTURE AND
l-----] DIRECTION) PR COMPENSATED SOLENOID f1
FLOW CONTROL WITH
INTEGRAL CHECK
I
PRESSUR GAUGE UNLOADING VALVE,
0 INTERNAL DRAIN,
SOLENOID CONTROLLED
REMOTELY OPERATED I DIRECTIONAL VALVE .
PILOT PRESSURE
TWO POSITION, THREE
OPERATED
CONNECTION
ACCUMULATOR
4
GAS CHARGED
DECELERATION VALVE,
DIRECTIONAL VALVE,
NORMALLY OPEN SPRING
THREE POSITION,FOUR
CONNECTION
PRESSURE SWITCH
PRESSURE COMPENSATOR,
DETENT
--
MANUAL SHUT OFF
VALVE
COUNTER BALANCE
VALVE WITH INTEGRAL
VALVE , MAXIMUM CHECK
i LEVER
PRESSURE (RELIEF)
90