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Soil Physical Relations
W w M w
Moisture content w = =
W s M s
V v
Void ratio e =
V s
e = wG s (saturated)
wG s
e = (partially saturated)
S r
V v e
Porosity n = =
V 1 + e
V w
Degree of saturation S r =
V v
W s M s
Particle specific gravity G s = =
V s g w V s rw
Bulk density
(G + eS )
s r
rb = r w
1 + e
rw G s rb
Dry density rd = =
1 + e 1 + w
1 + e
Submerged density
(G - 1 )
s
r ' = r w
1 + e
Bulk unit weight g b = g w
(G + eS )
s r
1 + e
g w G s g b
Dry unit weight g d = =
1 + e 1 + w
1 + e
Submerged unit weight
(G - 1 )
s
g ' = g w
1 + e
e max - e
Relative density R . D . =
e max - e min
Blackwell Publishing, May 2006 http://sbe.napier.ac.uk/esm
ISBN 1405133708