Some authors believe that urbanization is a ‘Modern Disease’.

In not less than 250

words explain if you agree with this view and give your own opinion.

Urbanization (or urbanization) is the increase in the population of cities in proportion to

the region's rural population

Impacts

1. The urban areas have become concrete jungle.

2. Approximately 10% of the farmers provide for 90% of the population which is
huge load on the farmers.
3. Pollution is on the rise and affects global warming.
4. Deforestation (the conversion of forested areas to non-forest land use such as
arable land, pasture, urban use, logged area, or wasteland) takes place.
o Deforestation affects the amount of water in the soil and groundwater and
the moisture in the atmosphere.
o Shrinking forest cover lessens the landscape's capacity to intercept, retain
and transport precipitation. Instead of trapping precipitation, which then
percolates to groundwater systems, deforested areas become sources of
surface water runoff, which moves much faster than subsurface flows.
That quicker transport of surface water can translate into flash flooding
and more localized floods than would occur with the forest cover.

In developing countries, people who come from rural often tend to migrate to big cities
where the living conditions are probably better than their hometowns. This phenomena
called urbanization perhaps has caused a number of serious troubles. Its two drawbacks
many people could easily recognize are that not only may the traffic system be declined
but the standard of living would be deteriorated.

First of all, once the traffic system in urban no longer afford huge transports taking place
everyday, a lot of adverse effects could occur. Congestion might happen more often,
especially, in rush hours when many means of transportations join together
simultaneously. For instance, in Ho Chi Minh City, a city called the capital of economy,
one of the cities in developing countries where urbanization come about with rapid speed,
traffic jams appear from 7am to 9am in the morning and form 4pm to 5:30pm in the
afternoon. As a result, traffic accidents can also arise.

Another disadvantage is perhaps the degenerated standard of living. The rate of crime
would grow because civilians coming form countryside’s, often are not well-educated, so
in order to maintain their life in big cities where contain a number of competitions and
challenges they could commit the crime which is maybe one of the easiest ways to make
money. Secondly, slums are possibly created because they are the appropriate places for
unemployed who have relatively low disposable incomes. Consequently, criminals often
were born in these areas.
In conclusion, urbanization is one of the hardships for governments in developing nations
in modern life. It could result in several bad effects for cities not only in traffic system,
the standard of city dweller life but in other results.

There are many types of music in the world today. Why do we need music? Is the
traditional music of a country more important than the International music that is heard
everywhere nowadays?

There are a lot of types of music for different age and kind of people in the world. I can
count the type of music’s which I know: rap, rock (hard rock), hip hop, R&b, Jazz,
Classical music, retro music and so on. Rap music: rap music is a type of music where a
singer reads and rhyming the word and synchronizes it with music; rock music: In this
type of music more action is given to music by comparison with rap music. The main role
in this music is Drum and guitar and of course singer. Hip hop music: My favorite type of
music after rap: Here we can hear the music and word with equal roles; I have no a clear
information about this type of music but this but it is similar to hip hop; Jazz music: Here
artist playing in saxophone and quite type of voice on contrary to rock; classic music: this
is also my favorite type of music here is you can here different kind of musical
instruments and here also you hear quite voice. These types of music’s Jazz and Classic
music are for relaxing. Since, there are a lot of types of music there are a lot of types of
people who listen music. For example while teenagers listen rap, hard rock or rock, R&B,
adults prefer to listen classical music, Jazz, retro music to remember their past times
when they where teenagers and used to listen this kind of music. I cannot say preciously
that Rap is for Teenagers and classic music is for adults, no. As for me, sometimes I
prefer to listen classic music’s, retro< Jazz on my mood. As well to adults who
sometimes to prefer listen rock or rap music.
As to music’s, it possess an important position in our life. Because when we are angry we
need to listen more quite music to calm down then we are happy we prefer to listen more
active music. Come out from this I can say that music is important in our life to control
sometimes our behavior.
Yes it is very important for us at the same time it is our history. We had to listened
traditional music and convey it to our generation. We need our traditional music to
distinguish from other countries and traditions. If you are going to learn life or language
of other country. It is practiced and recommended to listen the traditional music of this
country.
As a conclusion I can say that despite of there are a lot of types of music and despite do
we like or dislike to listen our tradition everybody have to listen his own traditional
music as I mentioned this is our history and we have to convey it to our generation

IN SOME COUNTRIES YOUNG PEOPLE ARE ENCOURAGED TO WORK OR

TRAVEL FOR A YEAR BETWEEN FINISHING HIGH SCHOOL AND STARTING
UNIVERSITY STUDIES. DISCUSS THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
FOR YOUNG PEOPLE WHO DECIDE TO DO THIS.
The time period after finishing high school and starting studies is perhaps of the most
pivotal stages of a person's life. That is why a gap year between these two stages is
encouraged by some states for work or travel abroad.

Taking the decision for a gap year before studies has is pros and cons for a student;
working for a year would provide a teenager with the substantial experience and give
him/her a rounded view of the job market. For example, working in a school may turn out
to confirm a person's choice to become a teacher or make Kim/her totally change the
mind. Moreover, work experience could contribute to one's maturity which is very crucial
for balancing between desires and real necessities.

On the other hand, working for a year might reduce ones zeal for studies, especially when
a good working opportunity is offered. Regarding travelling for a year, I believe it offers
many advantages to a person who is about to make up his/her mind regarding university
studies; firstly, going abroad is a fantastic experience and helps people become open-
minded and nurture their personalities. This is of great importance for young people who
are at the beginning of their lives.

Moreover, travelling offers the chance to mix with people from different social
backgrounds and also, you get to know programs of studies you have never heard of.

However, some drawbacks may present from travelling, such as bad influences and
maybe the unwillingness to return back home. To sum up, I believe that taking a year's
break before studies carries much weight in the form of personality and the undertaking
of important decisions, such as what to study.

Some people believe they should keep all the money they have earned and should not pay
tax to the state. Do you agree or disagree?

Essay:

Those ones who think they should not pay taxes must be denied the benefits that the tax
money can bring to the society. These include, but not limited to education, pensions and
idea of free health care services. I fall into the category of people who believe that some
part of the money has to be paid to the state to develop and maintain these public
services.
More money allocated for education means new improvements and innovations can be
introduced. For instance, more computers-equipped classes and research laboratories can
be established at universities and colleges. Also, some part of this money can be used to
support families experiencing financial difficulties sending their children to schools.

Financial difficulties are also experienced by senior members of any society as well. As a
person gets older he or she loses ability to earn money and then it is time for the
government to start helping financially to the person with the money that has been
constantly paid to the government in forms of taxes. Pensions are also extremely helpful
in cases when old people have not got anybody who could look after them; those might
be children or relatives.

Last but not least is the idea of establishing free medical service maintained by the tax
money? It will enable people conduct regular check-ups, discover and prevent illnesses in
their early stages.
Therefore, I avidly believe that some part of the money that a person has earned should
be paid to the state. The aspects mentioned above are considered to be very important for
everybody and thus must be supported by every member of the society.

Some businesses now say that no one can smoke cigarettes in any of their offices. Some
governments have banned smoking in all public places. Do you agree or disagree.

Smoking became an important issue to talk about in today’s society. Although smoking
was strongly linked to many illnesses, the number of smokers expands everyday. Some
businesses already banned their employers to smoke in the office. Even some countries,
such as Northern Ireland banned smoking in all public places like pubs, bars, restaurants
etc. There are good and bad side of this issue. I will discuss both of it in this in this essay.

I would like to begin with positive side of banning smoking in public places. As a
nonsmoker and working in pubs myself, from my experience I think is necessary to ban
smoking in pubs, bars or nightclubs. Some percentage of people who smokes but all
costumers and staff breathe their cigarettes. In consequence of this, they have same
chance of probability of getting heart deceases or lung cancer as smokers.

On the other hand businesses will face difficulties to enforce this ban. For example, it
will be extra job for them to deal with drunken person who smokes inside the premises.
They will lose costumers as well.

Moreover, it will lead to more public disorder. Because, there will be more people in the
street on weekends than ever before. I would say more people in the street means more
problems. It will be difficult to control people coming in and out frequently.

Furthermore, I would argue that smoking should be considered as other illnesses and
smokers should be treated like diabetics or asthmatics. They should be given chance to
smoke when they need like diabetics needing their insulin or asthmatics using their
inhaler.

In conclusion, I firmly believe that it would unjustifiable to say that smoking should be
banned.
Topic: In what ways has information technology changed work and working practices in
the past 10 years?

Essay:

Information technology has very powerful influence to our daily life. Computers used
everywhere such as hospital, post office, banks, government offices etc. I can expand this
list. Undoubtedly, it has changed work practices for the last 10 years period. In this essay
I will examine in what ways working practice has changed by introduction of computers.

I would like to start with unemployment that caused directly by use of computers. First of
all, very big amount of information, data could be saved and stored in small hard drive of
single computer. In result of this there is no need for big archives or libraries anymore.
Consequently, people who worked in these places loose their job.

Secondly, not everyone easily adapts to the new system of information technology. For
example, doctor who experienced medicine for 40 years so used to write prescriptions by
hand and have the medical record of patient o the paper. They find it very difficult when
new legislation comes to force that all prescriptions should be computer printed and
medical record should be stored in database of computer and struggle Because, they are
not computer literate.

On the other hand, economic impact is undeniable. For instance, businesses save money
by employing one or two workers who can use computers instead of ten. Because
everything could be organize in just two computers.

Moreover, information technology gives a chance to set up and advertise business on the
net without actually having office, shop or warehouse. Pure example of this is EBay
business which thousands of people benefit by selling and buying without even leaving
their houses.

Additionally, in today’s very fast growing society due to immigration postal services
would be stretched if there was not e-mail. Many individuals, companies, banks send e-
mail rather than sending letters.

Overall, in my opinion, information technology changed work practices to the benefit of

all us.

Argue either for or against on the following topic:

Training for the job is far more important than the broad based education.
Training refers to the acquisition of knowledge, skills, and competencies as a result of the
teaching of vocational or practical skills and knowledge that relates to specific useful
skills. Apart from the education they had with proper training on the particular job makes
them successful in their field and there the training plays an important role.

Training and development is the field concerned with workplace learning to improve
performance. And such training can be categorized as on the job and off the job. On the
job describes training that is given in the working situation using the actual tools,
equipment. Documents or materials that they will use when fully trained. Off the job
training takes place away from normal work which means that the employee is not
regarded as the productive worker when training is taking place.An advantage of off the
job training is that is allows people to get away from work and totally concentrate on the
training being given. This is most effective for training concepts and ideas.

For example the training in the military makes us to learn many skills such as how to
survive in combat that are needed in a time of war and also how to use variety of
weapons. And the second example is in electronic or electrical firms the training gives
them the practical knowledge on the machines and the way how to use them in the correct
way with out the proper knowledge it may take them to dangerous risk if they make any
wrong connections in the field and it lead to death also sometimes.

The education which was learned theoretically has come in to use when we are going to
apply it practically on our own with out any help from the seniors it makes us more
confident on the work we have done and we all know that experience makes man perfect
and this will be achieved through this process.

In conclusion, with the proper training on the job that are going to do makes the
employees to do the work in a proper manner and in less stipulated time and it is training
gives them the backbone for the knowledge that was gained through education.

There are social, medical and technical problems associated with the use of mobile
phones. What forms do they take? Do you agree that the problems outweigh the
benefits of mobile phones?

Nowadays nearly every 10-year-old owns one and we hardly can immagine how we
could survive without it. The discussion is about the benefit and drawbacks of mobile
phones. Sureley their invention can be seen in either of the ways.Nevertheless I will show
that there are more negative than positive effects.

Firstly individuals seem to be addicted to mobiles.

One example are that people explained to feel lost and alone when they forget to take
their mobile with them. Psychologists refer to this and found out that the continuouse
carrying of mobiled suggests a feeling of nt beeing alosne and leads in certain inividuals
to addictive behaviour.

Secondy the electric interference of those devices wieht other electronic mahcines leads
to problems.
In Hospital for example their use is prohibited since medical high tech devices could be
disturbed with fatal effects for the patient.
Similar effects have to be prevented by to restriction of use in air planes. These
precautiouns didn´t have to be imposed 20 years ago.

Furthermore scientist found out that there aare effects on our body which are still
investigated.
For instance the core temperature raises up to 0.5 centigrade Celsius due to the radiation
near the ear after a few hours of use.
Despite definit harms didn´t occur yet, long term results are still awaited and feared.

Allthough many people as managers who have to travel a lot, can safe lots of time and
even money it is nevertheless a luxury article with the potential of further harm.

Conclusively mobiles facilitate our life , but are interfering already with many devices
and even with our body in a concerning way.
In other words I think mobiles are harmful in may ways already, and I hope I mistade
when I think that we are facing more and more problems compared to their questionable
benefit.

TOPIC:University should accept equal numbers of male and female students in every
subject

This given topic involves lots of thoughts and maybe some of them could be conflictual.
If I have to take one straight position I would go with the main idea that universities are
places where we choose to continue to study and no matter if you are a woman or a man
you should not have any advantage for you gender.

Universities should prepare new students to a new life,different opportunities of work and
relationships. Why should they reserve te same numbers for men and women, I believe
they have to reserve places and opportunities for meritorius person and good students.

Some field studies are mainly attended by men, for istance Engeneering, other faculties
like Arts and Literatures have a majority of women. These are personal tastes , we are not
talking about governement representatives but of everyone’s choices and University
should not force this trend.

A big point I would like to underline is the following: many faculties have closed entry
list, meaning that you need good pre-requisites or a test to be enrolled in some degrees.
Should it be fair if a good student would not enter the course because he is a boy or she is
a woman? I regret this, it would not be accettable.
To conclude, focusing on the main purpose a university should embrace, I do believe an
opportunity to study must be provide to anyone who really deserve it, despite of the
gender they represent. It’s an hard world out there, let’s start to remunerate good brains
and good person.

Giving detailed description of crimes in newspapers and on T.V has bad

consequences. Therefore the government should restrict them. To what extent do
you agree or disagree?

Serial killers gain large sum of money for an interview about their murders in some
countries. Some critics feel disgusted about that and they claim that government should
restrict them. In my opinion, people should be informed about crimes anyway, so that
they will know how to avoid them.
In the past, people had little knowledge about crimes. Consequently, they were careless
and it was very easy for criminals to commit their evil deeds. For example, years ago,
parents used to feel confident of leaving their children alone with other adults or teachers.
Later, there appeared many cases of child abuse and murders which shocked the society.
It was the news media that highlighted the details of such experiences and warned the
parents to prevent further tragedies. Similarly, banks and companies have a chance to
update or change their security systems according to the detailed news of high-tech
burglaries and robberies.
What newspapers and TV media should do is to have ethical way in presenting the news.
They should describe the cases objectively. Media should shape the criminals as
disgusting monsters to warn the public. They should not make the criminals popular as
movie stars. I still remember the famous movie called ‘natural born killer’ in which a
couple killed anyone whoever they met on their honeymoon trip. News media described
the couple as romantic rock stars, while, in the end, the killers killed the audience and
reporters who praised and worshiped them.
In conclusion, detailed description of crimes by news media is necessary for people to
improve public awareness and participation to build the peaceful and crimeless society in
the near future.
(273 words)

In some Countries, People are encouraged to work or travel for a year between finishing high school and
starting university studies

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages for young people who decine to do this

Nowadays, many people, especilly teenagers, want to get work experiences or broaden
their eyesight by travelling after finishing high schools. These ways can spend the time
rather than stay at home.

In most countries, summer jobs are avaliable when the people are graduated from the
high schools. Most of them want to challenge themselves by interview, working with
partners. When they were studying at high schools, they don't have time to work because
they have to focus on their studies and public exam. Besides, they are being looked after
by their parents. In order to get working experiences for future lives, they try to do part-
time jobs

Indeed, some people want to release their pressure from studying. They don't have a job,
but they want to broaden their knowledge. If the financial condition of their families are
good, their parents can support them to travel anywhere. The countries where they like to
travel may be hictorial, peaceful, cultural. For example, there are many hictorial buildings
in China or Europes. Those buildings can impress the people and they feel that they have
the meaningful lives. Since the holiday between high schools and universities are very
long, the people can travel to countries as many as they can.

Although traveling and working are very beneficial to the people, there are some risks if
they do carelessly.

For traveling, if they don't join the trips which are held by the famous travel agencies,
they have to use much energy for planning, transport, accommodation, eating. If they
encounter some troubles, they can't solve the problems themselves because of some
reasons such as languages problem.

For working, there are many jobs such as selling the drugs whose properties are bad and
illegal. Some teenagers aren't mature, they think those jobs can let them earn much
money(Eg, $300000 per month). Finally, they will be arrested by the police and their
future are lost. Besides, some jobs and their interviews want to cheat employees in order
to steal their money. As employees has signed their names into the contracts, the agents
may use their personal profiles to steal their money. As a result, the employees lose all
their money before they work. It's so ironic.

In conclusion, we have to consider the decisions carefully whatever traveling or working.

Even though they both have disadvantages and advantages, if we use our mind, we can
do it well and safety. So that we avoid many problems that we encounter.