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THE HISTORY
OF
ANCIENT BRUNEI
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“Oh mankind! We have created you from a
male and female, and made you into nations
and tribes, that you may know one another.
Verily, the most honourable of you in the sight
of Allah is that (believer) who has atTaqwa
[i.e. one of the muttaqun: i.e. pious and
righteous persons who fear Allah much
(abstain from all kinds of sins and evil deeds
which He has ordained)]. Verily, Allah is
AllKnowing, AllAware”
Surah AlHujarat verse 13
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OFF
THE ANCIENT PEOPLE OF BORNEO
Where did the ancient people of Borneo live a long time ago?
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STONE AGE INSCRIPTIONS
TOOLS ARABIC
SANSKRIT
HISTORICAL EVIDENCE
YE-PO-TI, PO-LO-CHUNG,
P’O-LI OR PO-NI
BORNEO
BRUNEI
To some historians: Brunei was referred to as the whole island.
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Old Map of Borneo
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Map of the island of Borneo today
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A Dutch’s description
Admiral von
Noort’s Report in
December 1600
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VIJAYAPURA
Traded in camphor.
It was the main export.
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OFF
HISTORY OF VIJAYAPURA
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OFF
REPORT ON PO-NI BY CHUA JU-KUA
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OFF
CHINESE REPORT ON PO-NI IN 1280
PO-NI was
controlling large
parts of Borneo
Islands.
(Present Day
SABAH and
SARAWAK)
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OFF
END OF PO-NI
In 1369:
- Capital was attacked by Sulus.
- Gold and treasures were looted.
- Majapahit came to assist Po-ni.
- Po-ni became weak after the attack by
the Sulus.
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A Chinese description of Po-ni in A.D. 1371
… They have no proper dishes or cups and eat out of vessels made
of pei-to leaves woven together… They also have no pens or paper,
and write by engraving with knives on pei-to leaves.
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END OF PO-NI AND THE
FIRST SULTAN OF BRUNEI
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END OF PO-NI AND THE FIRST SULTAN
OF BRUNEI
Historians believed that this was Awang Alak Betatar who took
a Muslim name Sultan Muhammad Shah and became the
First Muslim ruler of Brunei.
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FROM THE CHINESE REPORTS,
IT WAS NOTED THAT
Muhammad Shah maintained friendly relations with China.
Po-ni was a vassal state of the Majapahit empire until 1389 when
the ruler, Hayam Wuruk, passed away and the Majapahit empire
also declined.
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The Founding of Brunei
1. Long ago in Garang, a place in the 2. One day, Awang Alak Betatar called his
Temburong district, lived Awang Alak Betatar brothers for a meeting.
and his thirteen brothers. Awang Alak
Betatar was chosen by his brothers as their
leader because of his intelligence.
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OFF
The Founding of Brunei
5. Weeks later, Awang Alak Betatar and 6. Each of Awang Alak Betatar’s
his brothers sailed together with their brothers set up his own house. Soon,
followers to establish the new more and more people came to settle
settlement which was to become Brunei there and Awang Alak Betatar became
Town. the first ruler of Brunei.
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OFF
OTHER ARCHAEOLOGICAL FINDINGS
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Chinese records
Brunei referred to as Po-Ni
Country of lasting tranquility
Arabian records
Darussalam
Abode of peace
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ARCHAEOLOGICAL FINDINGS
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HISTORICAL SOURCE OF BRUNEI
Syair Awang Semaun
BATU TERSILAH 29
CHINESE RECORDS
HISTORY
OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL
ARAB RECORDS ANCIENT FINDINGS
BRUNEI
HISTORICAL SOURCES
OF BRUNEI
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