PK 1979 P45 1912

c.l ROBA

Phillott, Douglas Craven Khazina-e muhawarat

~,

/

I

KRAzINA-E MUHAWARAT

OR

URDU lDIO~lS.

COLLEOTED AND TRANSLATED BY

LIEUT.·COLONEL D. C. PHILLOTT, PH.D., F.A.S.B., Secretary and Member, Board of Examiners; Fellowallhe Calcutta Univers,ty; Author oj Hindustani Manual, llindu.stani Stumbling.Blocks, Hindustani Exercises, etc .. etc.

CALCUTTA:

PRIXTEU AT 'rHE BAPTIST MISSI01" PRESS.

1912.

All righ18 reserved.

Price Rs. 2·8.

PRRFAC'E.

The many applications for a book of Urdu idioms induced me to undertake this little work. It has been compiled from varions sources but chiefly from the Urdu dictionary Farhang-i A~afiyya. Idioms that are not fairly common have been omitted. My thanks are due to Shams'<I-Tllamii l\:Iuhamrnad Yiisuf Ja'fari, Khan Bahadur , Head Mawlavi of the Board of Examiners, for constant help during the preparation of the work for the press.

To facilitate reference a very full English index is appended.

D. C. P.

November 19II.

Urdu Idioms.

OR

l..!!.l_Gjl=... 4.)'~ ~}1 \lJ-}I ill I r

• ur~ y;~..r. ~,

• l):\<; uj4..r. ~,

• tifr ~ <:J~ )r.' • ,~ IS' V~,

., i'0)f ll!>u~_ ;1 ti;l

~ ~

* l,~ IS' .1!I .,.J

• Uti; .1!1 () y"'" )

• l;t_i'P,_,.i1 • U4- ~) _:~~I 6.;'" t ... U; I • Iii, ~ ""'~ [ .::. J ll,. .;:-r • ut"'" Y" ~G <!:. .;.-'

" u_r ~:S-}~ t.>! ~ tlJ" _,.;; J~I

• li)) .1-jj ~, 6.Jl • Li:ll> (.11 .... ;tt! I>' JI.l II

.......

to be disgraced . to disgrace.

to be disgraced .

a stout black man (lit. a "lock of ebony) .

I'll put matters right with the silly old man (my master , father, friend. etc.).

a silly owl.

to make a fool of.

to entrap a greenhorn. to look Ioolisb .

to praise onesel! .

to be beside oneself (from joy or anger).

to die.

to guess: a/kal pachdlfi, adv, ; pachchi: a meaningless word.

to weep bitterly .

to learn wisdom [or come to one's senses] by one's mistakes or misdeeds .

y

• Li._~ y;.! ",~l' ~~L... L 11

• .._(...; "'~,. .JJ ~ liy,)~ y;I}., '-;;S~I;I

'" A Utol i fiJ Ut.li d_l"" r ~oll ~;ol ..j J)toll )4 .::. rll' <;-1 ~) yi! 0

• ~i '" .li~ "_)t~ 1))1 (_; iol ._}-I,:) ~ I,:r. ._JJI 'w~

• J~';" ..jjl

J .. ~J

.~~h ..jlJtj!

• , .. ~.4.lloolli ..j \!!~ ...jl.\jl

• l4J ( \!!yijUt LJ ~lJt .:-jj .it.Q)ol ~)I

• u~ ",-;-,,;l.. II' ..?-I • W4yJL ~~i ,. Iy, ~; \!!t....1 (J~ £+~ ) ,. uyt- .....s:,.1 ~) ",t....i

not to distinguish the good from the bad: all alike suffer.

petty tbefts of servants

she took to her bed throuzh grief: (occurs in old storie~).

neither one thing nor the other. even if the world came to all end he would not desist.

to prevaricate.

to be cute.

-umour.

to punish severely.

to be in temporary office (said of one who loses his head at temporary elevation).

to convince in argument (1)

all unexpected b 0" or misfortune.

to cherish a snake in one's bosom .

ditto.

a great calamity befell me. (said on occasion of any disturbance, great nojse,· scoldiug , etc., etc.)

all the difference in the world.

,

• lj~", .Llli L J."'j .,;L.~I

.. l"tJi .r ~ .r: ~llo. T

• l~5 l:I~l! ~ .,;L. 1

* 1.,,)); "-)U L .,;\~~ 1

• GIO y~ I:I~ .,;\,_1

* li} ~ ~.,;l.-I

,

".ft'" f. .,;r~y5 J.~ ..;l¥rl

y)~ 4. ) G~J..,j.;,o y>~ JI '(li~JI ~

~ li\i~ ._,/'.J.~ y1J) • li~ jr

• li145 ....:.:-.1:-,I \)'}l • ~r. "jl 7" 1>" \)' ";J-'ii • )I.J~,_ lj!S' ",,:':'" ";JJtJ..i1

• li~ 0ril • liJ~.J .u~ ~ .,;;)""'iT • li~ ~ •• ! ¥ii • lilft J7-CI Ii' ".;,(iT

• liJI~ .<.;-<iT I:I~. 4GT

3

to make a disturbance or fuss about a trifle .

to make a great noise.

to be \'ery tall (of towers, etc., mountains); r.o fly high (of balloons, etc.],

to succeed in a difficult matter, to patch the sky (said of a cunning or deceitful woman).

ditto.

to squander pounds and save farthings.

to work a miracle; to set peaceable people by the ears.

f = li.~5 ~i' I;!

to be made a fool of.

to make a fool of (said only of people who eat together).

to be hungry; to grumble ill the belly .

= [J, one-eyed man is a king umongst the totally blind .

to restrain one' s tears .

to weep copiously . = LiJlL • .>~.,) yi

(said uf a skilled thief) .

to stare impudently in the face of.

to fed no sense of shame.

.::c l:ift'iT and) lil_,' a: .:i.7t-G i .. (l.i_l

* lift'o d:;,o 1:i.7;t.> [ ~-,;t4;- y-'::7 <:./':'" .:i.7~j (l:\5)

.. ~3i 1:i.7';" d:;,o l:iy • .<.i j

r

• WI,} ... I,JtJ ~ l:i,._Gi

* u.::~ ""~ .,r. 1:i.7":jl

, - .. li~ '-,--.s <:./':'" I:iYl~! I

~ l.i..<i,S ..1:'. ",y.~)T

.. l.4J /'~ .,pp.; T • l.i~.f <:./~":ji

<,

• l;_'~ LJ; <:./*.<.ii

• !!It·· .:iT ...j I:iT ~ lL..J~ ,,-)i>JI

*i!..~.T ,,-)i>JI e: ",_,..<.ij

to lower ill the eves of: to bring into contempt .

to have ever before the eyes (in recollection).

= Me you blind !-saidironi-

cally to a clumsy person .

to become enraged.

to throw dust in the eyes . to keep awake all night.

never to forget .

to he a thorn in the side of: to cause en vy.

avoiding the notice of, without being seen by .

to turn away the regard from . to cut a. friend, pretend not to see.

to stare a.t the ceiling, i.e., to be neal' dea tho

not to look one in the face (through Shame).

to operate on the eyes (L~; Ar., to operate all the eyes).

to gaze lovingly at each other. or fall in love with each other .

in a single: moment.

~

= L ..jy, "",oJ ",,' ""J.:l

he was \~l'r~' angry.

he makes him dance (as a pllppet): to pull the strings.

. - -

~i>-'L);L)I

.. l.i_,;l) ~ r41 " lit':J,> ~ ~ <4.ul ~I

,

• JIJ )J .... } --=-.;_,~ ~I

5

to talk rubbish (of the sane or mad).

to sell for aHythiHg it will fetch .

= kapT01i Be honii,

to have an equal regard for, to be irupartial.

to return abuse a hundred. fold.

= two parts of a whole; (said of near relatives or even friends: "'lui! is a green grnm-pea).

to he unanimous, with one voice.

to destroy (buildings, cities)' utterly.

to make a pukka house dust, i.e, to waste one's wealth.

to be astonished , to admire.

'--'

• u4- w~ ""t~ to bear patiently another ls hard words.

• LiJIS' =~

,

• u, ... ~w~}""~

• ur d-':;;'; ",Itj ....,l~

to check oneself in a speech, i.e, to pull up on SOUle reeollection and keep oneacounsel.

to interrupt.

to be approved of ; ad vice .

to make deep impression on (of speech, advice, etc.}.

in a moment.

6

• w:u,'; ~ I!IJ;\' rich in words (but poor in performance) .

• \31)1 ~ <:J.1'l treat lightly (but \,1;1 I.ft~ ,,,-'" carry off with a laugh).

* l.;t~5.) _r.- tl, • \i~ "" .. 1;.) J4 Jl " \31)1 .uL.:;.i Utui~ Jl,

* ~.I J4> ..... } J4 • LY) JIb ~)4 • \j~ ~l, ~i or \ju! ~t,

* Ij~ ~ ... Jt; [ L )"" ]

" l;~ )1.1- .:~ ~).1.s L 5l.: ~ ~ } .,;)4

j

• Ii".,,; .,;l4 ""l:!l"

• (~ 4 ) r~ ~ ytJb ",,~Jl.:

j

( " liyZ l.; ) Iii; ~

.(j~""\"j~l~o.:J~j·,jv; ~ I}.: ~ ~~

to show fervour or zeal too late: (lear"i is a dish of dii], curds, and spices).

allure by specious promises (not fulfilled).

being surrounded by enemies, to be an expert marksman.

to be hypercritical.

to put out of memory.

to prevaricate (hut \)' J/ .... JtJ to put oft).

= !.:apron se Ilona.

to hold up to ridicule, or disgrace.

(said to a hastv visitor). very tall (lit. 5~ yards high)

to worship a person : also to

admit one's ~nferiority .

to be an easv task for.

to become speechless.

to be surrounded by enemies, (/it. father of a young cow), a

simpleton.

to disclose another's secreta on purpose

a poisonous , 01' dangerous person.

• "".":;:'" t;' Ji!

j j

• rl) (I) I:I~" "i"'·.,.,ft J-"'Ji!

wR.i.":;:! Jj"'~

t;' 'l' 'i ( .

y~ y).M.:. ~ ;c..\J.~ Prov.)

• (Jt!)

* ll~j z::):: J. j"'.i.,

j ~

• li.,.., J7'~ ./"'r. Ji-~ .,.,/~

• liy.~ ,S 1,~ L};; • tul, 07'1'

• liuy~ .. 0ft!

7

to make a mistake at the out. set; unlucky.

to begin.

to be o. secret enemy .

bad at heart Lilt righteous III fa.cf'.

to be rendered speechless in argument.

tcrrible : the devil of a-; (used of good or bad things).

sn.id of anv sore that doesn't heal (from neglect, etc.'.

a t.roublesouie friendship.

said of one who gives much trouble ill sending a person here anrl there (as of a master, by a servn.nt.t.

to kiss aurl say good.bye to something admittedly good bu t burdensome,

to rescue a trifle from a wreck (as a lanaoti from a thief absconding . with your property).

= Iii.", e\!~W to incite or allure b~· specious promises (Mar"i incitement] .

to stir up a wasp's nest .

to frown. to frown.

• t:_}= ...) ,_if' ,j~

• Ul::p.~ <:J'i:! ,iT L If.i,w.

,

• l.i.:J J; .u,. i!J' IS' 1_,/4=-- <4-

* l~ s» ~ IS' ...... ;~ <4- • (.l_r. ~ JI.J <4-

.. l)l.i.. hOi .;... *Jl~J~)<4- .. tur.- .!..~ J.-I:!

8

adv., blindly like a flock of sheep; (uno sheep is pushed into a ford, etc., and all follow).

= outwardly miserable like a soaked cat. but re a ltv mis-

c h ievous. .

inacti ve like a soaked heu .

to cast pearls before "wine: (bin, f., lute.

to spread a groundless rumour ; also said of an amusing liar.

= incongruous (not ridiculously so); used of sights, speeches J etc.

to be brazenly shameless. ditto.

said of oue who boasts of what he was, also, generally speak. ing, a fool; (omit the 0 (rom rJo~ .. J Per. " I was J) and you

get i.Y owl, fool).

to undertake a mission or any big business. (Formerly the man who volunteered picked "P the prepared pan leaf as asign).

= li>J J~

'Y,

to do a thing out of season .

to be successful. (Bel creeper, and mandhii its trellis work for climbing up) .

• liylb ylS') 4.; L: to be ready to start.

"";~ ~I fl ",~j ~l~ ~I La be ready to start .

• "'~" ..,15")

.. ~ij .,l;

'J;~,l;

-til_,....<! ill "'~ ~)l,- d-~4

,

• li~ J~i,~.; ,-,il~

* lj.,o.l ~ J~ (,.;-)

,

• L4J l&.l .l-!) w!' ._s; .• )4

• t.i..._,.s} w; wi J4

• ti}" lI1; [ t.;,l,!j ] .::. wi~ ( Ji t, ) J~ ~ e: J~ , lip, J.i~

• 1..LL., 15" '1.,

. J .

.. L Lii.r. Ai" ~ 15" wit;

2

to be fettered, lit. and met.

dit.to , met.

to include oneself with others better. (,\ potter on a donkey joined four horsemen. A man met them and asked where they were going, " Oh ,' said the potter "we five horsemen are going to Delhi "~I.

to worry apeman; to put to shame (make to sweat from shame).

to be unstable.

-to frustrate, make vain.

to keep on cursing (refreshing the tongue with water wbeu it becomes dry from cursing] .

do.

to worry a persoll.

to take. precautionary measures ridiculously early = .it J.,.j ll'J', JJ~

fragile .

said of one who does things that recoil on himself, as one who-in water gets splash. ed; (might be said to one talking to low people).

fig. said of a. bad cause or " ~ defect. (Taken from water soaking into the foot of a wall and causing its downfall).

~ G~ oJ j c)Y' Jl; ~ l;y. w)t." ",,;l~

, ,

• li,,)} JiJi, ._(;;.,: l!J;l;

• I.i)""'} ll~;.;. 0;~ . u, .~ i ),i 0j~ • ,,~~} r<:J r.J 0;~

~ Li.s; .u /, c):':-<) I:! ;l~ • l:",i:\-, d_1Q .»: ;/ v5~

• lii'L,,) J.,i ~ • ' U} JI..,_ lll;

• li~r '_";~,;;'

* ,J JRc , ~Il".) .._» ,;.,

»» ~/ ~ .)'1,.,,?

• lilK; .;;lJ:, a: ~ ){

~ lj~ ,;;i; • ( ~JS l.; ) ~.J ~ )5;

*'. L"')~:.... c) :£)

_. ..,._./.

• liJJ~ }<~

. ,

~ u~l .. <:-.J ... ~ L~t~

• Li).5 .,::. ~liT fl

10

vide under Jl.

to be wit.h child.

being too cau t icus ; (blowing awnv the dust in case it might conceal a stinging insect) .

to sleep at ease. lit and met .

to ' laze' at home; met.

to love or worship devotedly on account of oood qualities; cirtues.

(of pride).

= to have one foot in the gl'ave .

to escape .

to reduce to a miserable state (of mind, body, etc.!.

said of a pitiful sight.

fig. a curse; but. lit. to hail.

to get au t of a tight place or a difficulty.

lit. to .Qrind [knives , etc.). hard-hearted,

ditto.

said of impossibilities.

= to rake up old matters.

to be afraid of a shadow; also = a burnt child dreads cold milk .

• lii'l.;,.,::. """,liT,'; to flee at a shadow .

• Li~ _(J .,::. Ji~ to be laid up in bed.

= opposite to " nouveau riehe. (Potra is " rag-mattress under infan ts).

said of all une x pee ted and

overwhelming calamity. a long and weary day.

long and weary nights.

to strive at a. tedious weary task .

to pass slowly (of time) .

ditto.

relieve one's mind by revenge ... liJ~ )~ Is' J,.)

~ li _ _)~ )Is:~~ rain curses On a person's head .

• L w1...1 ) K'; _;; J..i. .. .::6-) he has an evil expression .

.. Uy!>. Ijt> ) ;to ""~ 7S ,-Gl~ • li,..l JKj ~~

)4~ ,e..i; [ Co ",;)r.~ ...s)-;J ]

. • I>J!, g~}

~ I~:.! ;It-;- ~i; '" -,*",I IS' "';;jJy~

* ..,;J 1_ )1.; ,. ~I) w~)~

.. U)j~ 1_ ~ )It~ • li4-- y!l> j~

.. L ~,,)yi _,.,; ....... .£_)1 • l_i:..l ..,;5l~ I.!/!:" ~;, ( L,-::,~I) .. I:; wf yt,.;

• li)) } "::_'Y'!, ~'y~ .. Li)) )Ij )~

,

• liL.., Ai U)}i>i .jyol;

, ,

• lilt) L '_~;r JYi!,

11

to recover from sickness.

to heat to a jelly. iPatethan is dry flour sprinkled on dough that is too moist).

to persecute without ceasing.

to ding to without leaving.

he has a holy expres,jou . stand in the brcach ; also to meddle, interfere .

to evade doing a thing

to hurst out. crying again and again .

to weep bitterly.

= even with bli nel eyes I can't endure to see, i.e. to hate intensely.

= to eat. very Iittlc (i.e. exist by nierelv smelling flowers).

Li [.::.. ...,...~ L __ (jl } d.-,~ • ljl ....

• u_,lll wj~"'::"':\;

• LiJ~ 1.:l54.r~ .::.. ~

• ..".)4-: I> ...::...~ .IG"IS'~~

~,

~ liS I>...::...~

,

• ulr.'-! Ji ...J ~:\; ~ ll,.o.ti ...:;....iT .,r- ...::...~ " ...::-;1..)

" Li_,lll 1.:l5~ .,;.r ~;

• lj );J L._,f ~ ...:.,~, L4I ,:!;~l; L.ft...f.'" ~ .J}

• lj);~

• G5~ .... ~

• LiltS .. "-k

12

not to be able to contain oneself from joy .

= (my) belly has become as thin as a chapati from hunger.

to show ones claws.

one who 00" keep a secret. a blab, a' sieve,'

time-server, one who will go to a.ny one that feeds him; also used not in a bad sense as:-

",'t~ ~ \,1 ~~ u"O f

'f \4Jl~ ") ~ LiLe.~ ).,~ ~~~ 10 satisfy one's hunger.

said of a very old man.

to have the claws concealed.

to be h ungry ; to be in fear of detection.

to be very hungry; ("alii· bag; or qalii-biizi = somersaults, acrobatic feats).

= a young head on old shoulders, i.e. his beard or wisdom is inside him.

to show one's claws.

to be without a supporter (as a father who has lost his only son) .

(tr. of above). to say bravo to .

to depart, also to show the back in battle.

to sit still, not move (sarcastic).

.. }" y.(; • UJJ> <:.-)\.3

~ (j_rl> ~ <:/-; .f<.J.u .. Uy~ .us,:;

.. Ij .Jf~ ~;I;b • u~ ylt Jj!J;

r

• Li~ rl•j ~5.J'j

.. (.i.,J yl)~ ..jjo. -"sY • u_rt rG)1 '-"-'..:-.;

.. (it')':' Aj". L) ...... ifj • U,~ [ ~ =~ ] wS J.;

, "

~ l)l~ l.!!..r~.r- J~j ,. (j(~r Is" _,,-,i,

'*" liSt.;:... w.J,.aj

, ~.

• ~ IS' .r.",.j ,. (jr: &oj &.v4- wI .L)>b~ ~

13

in quick succession

to do anything to please a person (e von to reach up ami pluck the suspended stars) ,

to be dispersed,

ditto,

to become stiff (of limbs) from sitting, etc" in One at.titud«,

to go at full speed.

to pierce (of au arrow) so that half sticks. out all each side,

= to be undone, ruined (of people, not places),

tit for tat,

to be disclosed (of '" secret}; (i.e. with a clatter like a metal dish falling from the roof),

to become frozen tu the spot from fear J or motionless from admiration or astonishment,

to praise much.

to boast.

to hecome unfortunate. ditto.

to become fortunate.

a chanced thing, as n lottery. to he densely packed or crowd-

ed (so that tbere is no room for a til seed even).

of a mystery, simple when solved; as a juggler's trick.

'~--:hl3 • Gt; ~~.s IS' )I}J ~)

· # \ ... ';4~ ,_} )~ • tyl 4 li;l.JI ~W' L JI".lJ

* liJt-:- ~_,.lJ r

.~~~

• 1;41,) _/) )Y,} ~ iY. ( ,k) ~ ) ~JI ,j ,fu * \i_r

y

• LiJ_y, .._):) ( 1:>:..)1 )

* (tote, m, pL, parrots) .._s-' ) lit.,..)1 L;> (L6.;.ilPo L ..

• Li) ",~J /~ "'~ <.:J~

• u) ~~ ~

• L} ~~ <.:J~j .\j~ ~~~')~

'!I-uUt]T l~)~ 6

• u} w;,: ~C'

14

sai d of battles; of bloods bed.

= he was killed by a "word. to be ill danger.

= I made him Cross the river of the sword, i.e , I killed him with my sword.

to lick the soles of (his) feet, i.e, humiliate oneself.

to go mad (lit. to gather st.raws).

a broken-reed (i .e. a straw clutched at by a drowning man) .

= to make mountains out of mole· hills.

= J;-,! ~)I.,fJJ q.v.

to wrangle, q uarrel iu speech. i.c. to change in quarrelling, to the singular from the respectful plural.

to be much praised and talked of: [tilt;. Po, m., the rosefiuch.]

to be disappointed.

= to live in an mipoverished

condition.

to deceive ( j_f .f,o ) . to disperse .

to be offended; (I€war. 111. 1'1., expression of face).

to frown.

J 1\umr may be used in R good sensa but uot lew,1" t .

to grope; = 1"10111;; .

• l:Wi ...:!.>t.: \ t> w..,

y •.

• .j.t~ ~ "'i~Y" <.:J!:-" ~t;

• ( J;' JL: l:) JL1; Jt.: • L ti).,; J;IJ (uS ..".,.1,;.(;1 )

, ;".1

* 0,~ \!J)}~~

• 4 - ~)I • Li. ))1 ._} _;~ * ~ )I::I:! ( *)1

• lj))~~

* 1_,Jl>.j.j~ ~vf(~)4)<.:J!:-"

• l~.l Y!r.-- t...~:

, "

\.i.Jb~l ._s~1_(:

y

• \jy, /; ";)j~ (i.--)

• iJ,.s I> Jl....d .. ""l~ wJl-~ • ( .,;4j ~ ) w!~ wJ~

• ulJI ~~ I> y_1 .. u 1)1 <.:J~" :;: .. UJill ...sJ(~-:

9

.. GLi- 04 wJt~

15

to go bankrupt

= something inconzruous : as a good patch on a bad tl;i ng or vice versa.

putting off.

= he speaks abominable (Eng . lish),

1111 alone; (from the cooing of a dove) .

to hunt by means of a screen, used fig.) at' a wolf in sheep's c]othing .

= ti)) )lj)G.

to stick to; not to change one's =tas' into' mas ' for

anybody.

to weep crocodile's tears.

to gi ve a flat refusal, to gaze fixedly at,

to feed on tbe morsels of-; (said cuntemptuously).

= ta~i~ of (words); chaste (of words) .

not chaste (of words) . chaste (of words) .

chaste (of word" idioms] .

to ridicule a person .

to carry off with a laugh.

to be squandered or- wasted (of money only).

to use harsh words to.

• lil.._ .rJ ~ ~t; ..ft.'" &.,,~ ~ li~~ ~.; 04-

,

~ li_,.., ],J).) 1:J4-

• lif~ ~Jb.) .._.;~ .:::. I:Jl=;-j

Or t;~ yS~ I;" I:Jl=;--

• li~ _.1~ Is' 04- • <-lty, d~ L 0l=;-- (W~JI ) • lil 1:J4- .,r. 1:Jl=;--

; -

• .... ~w w.1v. w;=;--

• U5 fr ,J..j.r. =4-

• lj}~ ~r.~ cl=:-- ( L J.) )

• l~)=I.;.....s~$ wl~ (.:::. ,-,_I)

16

a very difficult thing, nearly

impossible. .

of the call of hawks and certain clamorous birds; also used of a scolding woman.

not to be able to contain oneself (for joy or anger).

ditto, but for joy only.

to be reckless of one's life.

to be weary of one's life; dii.bhar, adj. = heavy.burden. some .

to despair of one's Ii fe. deadly enemy .

his life was in danger .

to be refreshed; to recover from a shock (relief).

to be submerged (of land): fial water; Illalland as opposed to water).

hitter words.

= to sprinkle salt Oll a wound .

to satisfy ones revenge .

to be on very bad terms with.

1 A blind milo invited to eat khir said he didn't know what khir. was. He was told it was white, He said he didn't know what white W~. He was told it was like a paddy-bird "s (bag1l1i~) feather. He said he didn't know what f\ bagulii was. 1'1u~ first man then crooked his hand and elbow (0..-. English children do to represent a. swan) and said "like that." The blind man SA-ill. "1 cant t. ont cr ookod khfr like that: it would st.iek in m:r throat. ,.

,

• U}.~ .....st.. .... } ",r.:;_,~

* ))~r Is' ')ft ,

* ~'i'" "'J

• J ;; "-! J_.) ...,.,);0-

.. ~l..ft- To ...... ~~}

.. ~ft- T; "-~

,.w,J,iU ~L l!..>~ ,. ~~iL ~;~ Is' l!..>_"~

~, ,

., u},. 6.) Li> .::::. ~tA> .,J_,...,..

,

• U'r. u".. ~ vi ~IL.. d-iL.. 1..,.5""

3

17

UBe bitter words.

to die prematurely (young and grown up).

diil is distributed amongst them in shoes (instead of dishes), i.e. they are daggers drawn. to flatter excessi vely, humiliate

oneself, lick B person's hoots.

henpecked.

under the thumb of (his) wife. tit for tat .

wl.o)~ x...,...;w q.v . to tell lie ~fter lie.

to tell great heaps of lies.

to be very miserly, not to wave a hand to drive away a dog for fear lest the grains of rice sticking to the i1tii!ii hand should bo lost: [jhu!a dirty, of eatables only].

to be alienated from (of people, things.etc.): [meri nind ucluu; &ai = I couldn't sleep; ucha{nii also = to rebound].

no longer to fe el friendly towards, to ha ve a changed feeling of distaste for a per. son or thing.

to shirk,

to feel weak: (sa ,en is the sighing of the wind).

stronger than ji phika honii, q.v.

~ li} 1:>4)~ l;

~ y -

d-" J~ ft! (-'~ 4 ) '-'~

'" ~~ S-- .... ;J

y

-til;' ",~..,J-,~

"lj_,.l> ~e.~ - li_r> ~.JS>.~ fr.

18

= ljj <!l~ .,r-"' <.:it;..

he endeared himself (to me). to die a living death.

cut one's coat according to cloth.

to shave the head, beard, moustaches and eyebrows.

to face. go in the presence of (intentionally).

to come face to face with uu. intentionally, encounter by accident.

= ~~,~~..J to curse (of men, not of God).

to drawl.

go and drown yourself (from shame) in a chapn' of water; (only used in the Imperative: chapni is an earthenware cover for a pot).

to make light of; the lingers are snapped (chu!k' bajanii l) to amuse children.

to do anything in the time of a snap of the fingers.

=L4-Y" /~ ~ ~f ..r." "-=

U to be a moming Iamp," i.e. very old and therefore near death; polite.

to be dazzled.

I But chu~ki lena to pinch and met. to make l\ cntting remark.

,

., ~4 I:f~ wj,~

7 ,

" ~j)~ ~

~ i' Jl:J .L.l~.i4-

~,

-* tjt .. .., &j ).>.4 .... ~,.c )'1;0-.

~,

• \i~ Jtf ",)y~

,

• \j~l jJy;-

J <,

,. LJ\~ Jyt! I:fjSr.-

" US:;;'"

,

• LJ4- ~ J4l J.<i a: ='~

19

blarney.

smart, cunning (in good or bad sense).

-e ahow me your back: depart, (a polite way of saying' get out').

to do something that hinders progress.

to be very quarrelsome.

to get drunk on a mere drop, i.e. to lose one's head at a sligbt elevation.

= all his good poi nts cannot he descri bed In my small book,

etc., etc. .

= I want to drink chull;i. of his blood.

to move, or walk slowly; crawl, of a railway train.

= small, crab bed and bad writing.

clapping the thighs for joy, nati ve fashion; generally used facetiously as to boys when a master falls sick.

lit. to fm'get one's bounds (like a deer), i.e. to lose one's clasbicity suddenly, to become stock still.

alert.

= out of the fireplace the fire: (IiI. out of cooking-place into furnace) ..

~ lj4- J"; ~t... .r. wJ\'P.'" to feel very jealous.

into the the

~ ljJ_,J 0L...J~ Jl~ .. l~J J:- _,..; J4:;-

$

~ li.!" , ... J;y- Yo l.-5>l~

, ,

~ 14J r.l =lJ ..s,;+:-

, .

}~ ...,""~ I..S~ (w!.w)I ) - .. ~~)

, ~

"W_'t<~~

"wi Jl~

• w_,Jb Jl=:\-! J6.. ( ~ ~) "l~~yL.,._ "wi wr

" ~ .J~ J._\~ wr ".t..._,n ~ ~"r

ow) ~r.r-

20

to feel very jealous .

to harden one's heart.

to crush a mung on a person'. chest: (said hy ajealouslover or wife, etc., of the beloved or the ri val).

=1 harassed him. so that he remembered his helpless state when he was christened.

= a respite at the gallows.

= he is always ready to put his knife into me.

to forget one's tricky ways; (chakkii is the six in dice and pa7lja the five).

of the ecstatic state of a Sufi: (wajd is a general term for ecstacy) .

to pledge oneself, or to support.

some diminution or loss (to abstract 'things, as honour).

= to criticize badly; also to pick holes in the wording without thinking of the ideas or object.

his life is in danger.

he is set on disgracing.

to raise a disturbance; "kick up the devil of It dust."

* (;~ .._; ~ _,.lol..;. *(~ Lb1 JLO... 4) (;1)1 JI..;.

~ U J 1 <.J'l,;.. *w;l..:Jt.;...

* ti.il.,;- JI..;. • ( tjJIJ 4) lil)! for .....sl..;.

* t,~)1b ~4- Jt.;...

? '

* ~~Jl';'

• li_,lr> u.iy,; ~ Jl';'

21

a "stop--tongue ".; said of a third person who persists in staying and so prevents free speech.

to be self-interested only, from the proverb t;)J ~J_.l~

~ ~~ 4 d.~ u~· __ Jjt,. ...... _,b. ~I y' ~ ,~ .::=.... miindii is a kind of \ ' .

thin cake.

to lose one's head or senses from fear.

to he jealous of another's good fortune.

to hurt, make jealous (of things, good fortune).

not to remember, or apprecia. tion, etc,

to wander about aimlessly or idly = ljjt.~ ...5L;..

"aid of a ruin Or a deserted place.

=1)1)1 ...5\';' (Phiinknii is to chuck grain or powder into tbe mouth from the palm).

=\il)1 ...5L;.

to cast dust on the head in grief, lit. or met.

to be burnt to ashes.

=maD (that is made of dust). to join the dust, die.

• lil:- "'~ ._(L:;._ ,. LU4 "'~ ._( l;._

* Gj JL..),i ML:;._

• ....;,J.; ~jL:;._

'" ;I.J ...... ~ 6.~t,;._

·Vy",:L:;._ ,. L!;I w~y~ ~L:;._ ,. Glyl.r.o... • L) ( <l.i.J1 .till 4 ) 1..1 .... I...G.. 'II:} I~ I~';' , t_ G) l~ I..).l.. I..).l.. (~))

• t.i.~J J~ * [if U,fr .J!_,.;. ..,.,1 ~)

• \~ \1i_

22

=l.f' ;uJ'

= to be destroved and also to

die. .

to caricature (in words or drawings).

= very rare, i.e. here and there only; (a mole on the face is seldom found).

is this your maternal aunt's house? (This might be said to someone entering one's house without invitation and taking a liberty).

much quilt-driving .

a wanderer; gypSy; snail, etc.

gross flatterer that humiliates bimself: (!_hiiya testicle).

ditto.

to flatter grossly, etc.

to start a rumour .

=with great difficulty. =stop stop, don't say so.

= he has no concern with worldlv matters; also of an old man expecting death.

to just escape death (of a sick man or one who has escaped from a danger).

(i.e. ""~ ui>.! ... I,.! ..; I~) speak witho~t partiaiity .

to snore.

= he is now polished: (l0ariid is vulga.r for iJ!arriil, lathe) .

=10 become madly conceited.

• "'_;yS_;;.. 7'1,;"

• J~; yJ,;"

..,

• ;.~ ,-,_yo! ..._;~

" ,_;jr~ J ft ~

• ( u~ 4 ) l-4;)f;.. -;~ (li.~I)

* ~IJ"" ..:)~;.. • u,.~ J;;. s: ..:)~

• l4.; JJ ';:'-;" "uJ) ..,;,.;.. • li,,I);;- ;'. .r" o:)~

,

"lj~ 6.,pr "'~

• L...,l~IS'",~ • u}i.,. ..._;~ Is' ..;,;..

• u~ )'r- ..r. ..:)J} e~ .l;,_.a,..;~

• lit.,..;1 .::::. Jlz;... • lils:; ,~ wJl~"" • li,l~ J4~

23

=~';'~

vision, "tory of the past; also vain imaginings .

flatterer and jackal.

= _,:;.,.... something useless, snperflnoua.

to strive much or painfully; to suffer much.

a strife ending in bloodshed. expresses great fear.

= li..\;/~ ..:)~ q. v.

weep in anguish.

to be distracted through having committed a murder; said of a murderer who gives himself away.

to lose one's affection or have no affection.

= lit~~,I) J:;.;,.._ ""'~ ....

of a deadly cnemy •

" blood,"i.e.relationship, and hence the tics, or affection of.

= liJI,j;- r: ""'~.,;.

to be destroyed , murdered,lit.; and of abstract things, met. also.

escape one's memory .

castles in Spain .

to say good-bye to, lit. and met.

to pray for.

.li(.~itl.J • LiL05 tl.J

,

• u.:., .y -.J_,:,jfr JI.J

• V~ .:!:... w;) JI.J *~ ~I) 6..;~ .y JI.J

"..J}" L.~ .. ))) J'6 .,;_j1.J (I)) . ~'~~I"

,

" ,<::li=<'6 4.i1.J &oil.J

.. li.f "'"'~-'w )" J_;..J ,

.. G4- .,1:> .If l:!J.l

,. ( ~ ~ 4 ) ",I:>.J I~J.l • li_,.Jt> 0~J)~.l

" ( li_,.l1> i.!.>~1 l: ) li4-1 J.J "Li_,.l1> t4 e4 J.J

,

"~J.J

to feel greatly grieved at a death.

to feel jealous; also to be greatly grieved at a death.

the diiZ is distributed in shoes and not in dish, s amongst them, i.e. they are on bad terms.

(he is) well-to-do.

= there's something wrong, something in the wind.

= they are very intimate friends .

frustrate a pian (spec. injurious plan): also lit. to set the teeth on edge (of sour things).

expresses astonishment, also a secret signal "don'tdo what he says": (wi th kiilnii = to grieve).

very needy.

to interfere in something ont-

side his province. .

lit. to be swept away (by river or sea): met. to be ruined.

of a pithy concise book: also to do what is impossible.

offensive in speech .

to close, come to a rough and tumble.

to be estranged.

to be much delighted.

to lose heart completely.

25

~ t:1 ft J.l his heart filled.

* lit". ~ J.l to reel discouraged.

~ .r. J.l (.::. ._j)> -.; w...s) not to feel well disposed

~ li f towards .

• li_,.Jb~ J.l • t~ Jo.l

,

* L4.J I!!~ of.' Jo.l

" ti.t) yJ:b o.ly~ ro.l .. l~.l L-,~ ro.l "L \j1~_,.Jb li; (o.l .. ~!;,. W' (..I' (..I * \if J.:~ Jli r.l

4

to be disappointed in a friend; to lose hope .

to feel suspicious of (a hidden motive).

to relieve one's feelings (by taking some action); gen.

= relieve one's feelings by acton against a particular person.

ditto; also = get rid of your displeasure towards a person.

to make oneself liked or appreciated.

to hurt a person's feelings: also of memory, to trouble one: (clw/ki I. to pinch).

to be a thorn in the side of; cause en vy: also feel pain in the heart.

feel a resentment agaiust , harbour a grudge against.

= Li) ... 4- of.' J.l.

to keep silent.

to humbug, wheedle .

(my) heart dies within me. (a phrase used by beggars) .

to be greatly worried or harassed (by a troublesome servant, or wife, etc.).

to wear out, confuse (by much talking, etc.) = ma(Ji!z klUina.

• li) ._silO... ~ l,.o.l .~I!!o.l

, , ,

.. LiS~ "'"'~ U)',) ..:)J

• G~)~ ,..l

, f

• t.;j .:::. s; ... .7~ .J ~J)'l

• t.;'J)l!!t~..l

26

to be very proud (in good or bad sense).

to reason, talk much.

times have changed for the better.

ever increasing (i.e. every day double and every night fourfold).

to be feverishly happy (lit. one's days are all 'I d , one's nights Shabo; Bariii.

to say either " yes "or" no"; to give a plain answer,

to encounter suddenly.

(a reminder to a youth) .

lit. to tear ill strips; met. to rend.

row (of boys): [dham is tbe noise of a heavy fall: and chaukri is the leap of a deer.]

a saying = I've no home of my own; I'm dependent on another.

to become old without learning wisdom.

met anything used to deceive, as a priestly appear~nce, a long and saint-like beard, etc.; also used li terally.

a curse; = may you r eyes be blind.

immodest, or rather bold (of women).

modesty.

~ U} .)k J..:.3 (.J~-I ) l(;.3 ( IS' r-;- w-l ~ IS' w-l ) *l\~

" li.; [ c 1 ~~ ,-) ~.3

,

* l;lt- IS' ,.£1; ;-> =,-,)..1

., ":':'-J).L:l..J~ uS .,;.l J~.3 • tiL,.- y~ .J~J)..3

,

u14~ 1.).1~.5 .:::. .l/, .,;lli and

u."f'''''< ~.l.,.. ._} ...:--'-!I ~y..5 * liti!

J J.4.3 ( ..r. ft w-> ) ., li~! [ ""t~ ]

• ( li.(i~ ~ ) ti} ... d-'-!.5

~

~ 41 J.G ...l,. l_ ~~ ( IA.> )

• -1Jt'; ~~ [~.f..J 1 wI I)';

to wander miserably or uselessly, to loaf: = mara mari( phirna.

to agree heartily to.

to be well known, much talked of.

to proclaim pu blicly and fearlessly; lit. or met.

a drowning man clu tches at. a straw.

to ensnare someone in love or affection .

• hort-lived greatnea~ .

fig. to die (contemp.) ; lit. to become a hcap.

a contemp, expression for being pregnant; • to have her knapsack well-packed': (4hen1ha belly, a contemptuous term).

togo one's own ways ; cut onesclf adrift from the community.

to boast.

to boast.

= (you've) gone away to nothing (after sickness).

wait a bit.

.

J

~ d) "':;;~ .. wiY r')

• Li_,Jt> ":;"''i. a: ._}~

• li} ~fl ~ w$';

,

i~.J If) ( w' .r" ,j w-' ) di} ._; "'~ 1:) U_,Jt> )1)..1 w-)

,,( I)~J _;)

" Ul~ ~l.. ~ .:;..) ,,(U4- ......... ) ~ )lil.~ ~) ~l

,

<:J~J \:JX; ylJ~) (~w-')

.. ~fl

• ( Li_,b> 4 ) U) ..:.;....t.} " _;_;~ .. SS ~J ~) .. ~.i .e J.~)

28

while it was still night .

a long story, specially of love . fuss about nothing.

=make mountains out of molehills; also to ezaggerate, or bill. ko 8MT kardikkanli.

= to let a blackguard off with his life.

= the blackguard has got a fresb lease ot life.

= G~ ,.;...;,~ Is' ._)J)

to make people stand ill awe of one.

to stand in awe of, permanently.

to stand in awe of, temporarily.

(of awe on a number).

to forgive, pub out of mind, = 10.;5' ..:...:..>f" -=-;_,

adj., a parasite .ur one who pretends the same views, etc., for personal gain.

keeping up, maintaining a tbing.

1 Satan will live till the Judgment Day. He will die ~t the first trumpet and arise for judgment at the second.

~ liy,..,;) • li~ ~'4- ~~) ( Jyli, )

* Ii) ..,;l~& ._tj) " W_,>l. .:;; ,_(~, • l;_,.o> Ji~ ..f.:'" ._$j)

* lj~~ ..,;1;) ..,;1;) l-'!o) teo) ; ,-;,,1 ..,;15) ..,;1;) (I:;Y') *L

• tinS ~ ",1$) (J,I ) , # \j.J+! '-;')) (~ ~)

• li,:,J} (..,;4_,ili 4) 1.,f.J~J 4-w

29

to know all about a person and his defects: 'to know the length of his foot.'

in his nature.

to mix freely (of people or things).

=u_,..~.

to miss fire, lit.; (raniak, f., is the priming powder).

to change colour (from fear Or anger).

lit. to fade, of colours; met used in comparisons = to put a person's nose out of joint.

= entrance the audience.

to make merry, feast, enjoy, etc.

to become pale from fear .

the sport was spoiled, gen. (either of small sport-spoilings, or of terrible calamities in the midst of merrymaking).

to tremble in every hair.

I offer lip hearty prayers for Your Honour).

not to be injured in the least. to impersonate (either on the stage or for trickery).

to squander, make ducks and drakes of; also to pour out money for a good object.

to rail hungrily on to food; also to sponge on another person.

,. (bisiinii) l;t...~ - J;; .. U,.>b "- j.s ~f.j))

( L.)b._} ,j)) l, ) l~ , .. j))

2

.. Li.0>oJ

JUL) ~) if 4 ..... Ut)

• Gt\:J~)

# U) J~~ J~) .. lJ_,Jb J~ J!) (~ j.'~ y-I)

~ Li.f._\~ ""L:) .. ._s}I)oJ ""L..j ,. oJ) ""L..j • liJ~ ..,;L..j

2

• ( U_,>l> J..1:,i... 4 ) u.> r ""L..j

"L4- ",Wj

30

= l~J)" J~) to court destruction, rush on ruin .

to have goose flesh (from fear or on hearing of a terrible event).

lit. to card him like cotton = to upraid severely; also to blab everywhere (spec. of children).

adv., at intervals.

adj., all that remained .

(raha!, m., a Persian wbeel) 'to set up a wheel' = to come and go continually (of it beggar, thief, an unwelcome guest).

to elbow and jostle. to be abundant.

retract one's words .

abuse.

mentioned by all .

= put a guard on one's tongue. the tongue rails to describe.

= to keep o';e's lips sealed, put a restrain on one's tongue.

can't be pronounced, euunciated by-, (as the letter ~ ). = you have two tongues; at one Lime you say one t.hing , at another, another.

to sprinkle salt all a wound: to afflict the afflicted; or remind a person of a grief.

* ~L> JJ)

• u/ ... J~}

~ LW~ J;j

,

* li_r») .l)j (iT L ~ )

• Uj; Ji(S' (Yo I:lW) 4 ) ..r- .,.,4) " li;~ 1:l1!j ( c: I_n' )

• liXlI> 4..i \:I!.:j • _;ll> ~ .,.,ltj

• s r- t~ .. jJj (J-)

• LW o!,j~; e: ",:!:-"') " u_r> ~~ (S' et¥')} " )lI> ~):\; IS" d-"')

• li.y5 J \:It-I ll~ r. \..$~ ",:!:-"')

.. ~~.,.,J " liz.l) .s; \:I~-j ",:!:-"')

" J} l< .,.,1.._ T ",~ ... ) • Lillvo 4-lJ.J s: \:Il4~j I:J:!:-"')

31

to sprinkle salt on a wound: to afflict the afflicted; or remind a person of a grief.

doggcrel; also applied to a had speech, oration.

to talk ru b hish, gen.

not to be in favour; opposite of U_'" -'J i:r:

= to be parched with thirst. to pass one's word (= he has

WOII illy tongue to).

not to utter a word. =shut up ..

mere word promises (won't be fulfilled).

comic, in speech; amusing, causing laughter (of a person or of a look, etc., or " Punch ") .

to sit up all night.

to die.

(a curse).

= I talk of chalk you talk of cheek .

= under the thumb of his wife.

'kick up a dust,' raise Cain (of anger).

all the difference in the world. to leave 110 stone unturned, to do out-of-the-wav thinzs

ill ordsr to obtain.· ..

" u)lI> )_,f ).l ~~j) to live miserably.

1 Saffron-e-at"'::_.n__:_:or'-s':"m-:-elt-i"':'n -q-uantities is supposed to excite involuntary laughter.

y

~ ~ "::-':'.s' ~ L _rbj • L,;S )lo r)

.. U_rt )L: t-j . ~~,) • cr-- y!)

* L¥) ...po ,,-.Jfl ""t.. • SS jl:)t.. .. Jt.. ~ Jt..

.. Jl~ yt..

• lift-fl J~ yit..

~ ..

!J 4J ~r" ~l_ (rJ1 4:')

~ lift.;.. uW J. ~.L~ KJ

• (L4J 4) lift! ..sJi.;' u-it.. • tUn- u-it..

YJ) 4 ) liu., Jit.. ( ~ w-S ) .. (li,'f"!

• Li,o+! J;t.. • li~ Jit..

32

to spit out poison, i.e. say venomous things.

to suppress one's wr a th .

to swallow as thougb poison

(of unpalatable things) .

to be put to great expense . nnder instruction.

= w:;. a butt; (chutthii lit. is a qnail kept for a fightingquail to bully).

to upset , cause confusion (of many things).

to get another into a scrape.

to make a show of modesty

(contemp.).

to keep much hidden, gen . to intrigue .

the whole year; also once a

year .

long years.

to feel jealona.

= has he smelt a snake that he can't wake np (contemp.)? (of sleep only).

to heave a deep sigh .

to be blown, out of breath.

to play the part of, act ; dress up as .

ditto .

contemp., to feign.

,. l.it.~.l E_4 j~~ '*' r,j,j' j~~

y

• l~ V)'~~

y

• l~ <:!4,~ • li~ (~ '\.ftlll wl\,.L ~4,-) ~;~(..,T) • (j)'lll .).i.l~ ~/i.,., ( IS' y-S ) .. JL:;:.~ ~)Ii-

• lll.:;- ~;li- ( IS' w...s) "U~ <.J~'" v.l.J ~;t>- ( (,,_1)

• ~y..

• (~l.<}.t; 4) IJ_,.i ('-(..:;-;1 ~-)I ) • (~; ri• lillll.:l r'• u" ~_~ ,uu..iw J:

;. c-" ""_'/ 'T-

5

= not the least idea, expectation.

to be possessed by a Jinn. sing., the whole.

pI., one and all.

to make no distinction between.

deceive by specious promises. adj., = r_,j .._r)=-'<; (of people who bring misfortune).

adj., has " delicate touch , .. light hand .(of a doctor, an artist, etc.).

to relieve oneself of a duty. to sob.

to have a love intrigue with. = you can do me good or ill so- .

=l4~·.

adj., with a white star on the

forehead (of horses, cattle).

= U_,.. "J~ ~};_.

-to fall into ad versity .

an old man of about seventy and therefore worn out .

to play the devil with. ditto.

= lj')JI"~'

= to never lea ve one for a second (not even for meals) ; (8a/til is flour of parched grain).

* Li) vLi4i-• Li} \1; li.:

.. Ut~

" u_.f; L) fi)-

.. LiW-

y ~

"l;'~w~

.. Liylt>!w .... .. ti...s -.;;.-_ ~s,_

II ty u)),·~ cJ~

eUJir "Li~r. vy,.s..;ir

" e: .... _,...ui r: "l;,~:;r " )7,;';.. (W).:i 4) Lilii Jt.;.. .;lr e (liyb)1,- 4) LU,y:. ""yi.. '~r " l;YI ,.f oJ .-

_" ./V..,

( l4~ 4 ) ur-.J .<.;.i~ .r. r: .. u'.~ ....' .. ~r

34

a thin delicate nose : [suta hit';; badan=slim].

to destroy utterly.

=to intrigue; also to form a combination against .

to be confounded and unable to reply, to be nonplussed.

to potter a bout (always used contemptuously) .

to be turned sixty and to be ra ther foolish.

= to lose one's wits .

ditto .

upbraid, abuse (not filthily). to stick to oncs opinions even when proved and convinced that they are wrong; pigheadedness.

to rebel.

to recei ve a person cordially, welcome.

willingly.

the burden has fallen (on me). (expresses grief) .

'Vide under "'_,.;...

to make a great fuss.

to be a patron to.

to have one's head turned; also to be out of one'. senses.

p

~ )~; .u,. )4~ .r"

35

with unbrushed hair and dirty face (i.e, the face is like a shrub bed mountain).

"lar.-r 1

"L ~-... ~ "__""'l.c)..i <..> r tohe too familiar with.

).:.r'. J -To J

" 4:Ur.- .r: L" "

" LUI JT J,j u;l~ e: .r'" • I.;~ J~,,) r. r "WW~r

"lYr "ljl~r

" ljl-¢.> .r:

,

" L ljl~ r (!Jlt"';)

" till.) .po .,J4>} r: "li)~..Tw

to make (a servant) too familiar.

= to be crowned with success; (.ihru is a veil of tinsel or of natural flowers).

=t~ destroy while caressing; (ht. to stroke the bead caressingly and eat up the brain).

(said of great anger). to risk one's life.

move the head (for" yes" or " no ") , the idea comes from a person possessed by a Jinn, wobbling the head and refusing to speak.

to subdue.

to weary by much talking, etc. to argue much witb.

your bead is itcbing (for a slap) , you require Borne pun· ishment.

to make ones head a gUrt and one's feet the wheels, i.e. to try energetically.

= L_,,, ~>.i.-o.?

to slap severely and make scaldheaded; to cuff unmercifully.

*l~~r .. Li~r(L y-l) .. ~L:iJ~ " GG., ~lJ r:

.. ~ ...... ~-I .... ,,~s (!'or

" t~*J~ ·SS",rr

* ..... y)',.o-;.~

• -,,\;-)1 * )~ g;r..r

y

"t;_,.Jt> ._\~)tr

" (Lir 4 lili.i ~ ) lifJ;. IS' yt.;._r:

s

.lj_Q,)Jh ...

* G-"Jt)~,".lr

~ .ut..) 4) ~Jl> ~.l if -:,,~ # (I,JI.~.l r}.lr

36

=he won't leave me (of a nuisance).

to heud the head as a sign of gratitude or shame, and bence to be gratefuL

to bend the bead in submissian.

to be subdued,

to find fault with, worry, be constantly at,

=husballd,'

= lil>J': J~'

at hand; also at present.

to chop off the head at a single blow,

to be proud, haughty,

weary or empty one's brain (by teaching a stupid child, etc.).

a wearisome business.

the least difference.

afresh.

a leader.

to look fresh and healthy.

to be proud, to be exalted in dignity (in a bad sense): (in Mughal times a Brahminy Duck's feather was a sign of rank).

opposite to J») q. v,

to go down in price, the sale to be slack; lit. and fig.

having experienced the ups and downs of life.

" Lit.".. J; w~ vrr " ( l.!:.A"l' »: 4 ) ~, sr:

'*' I.:JVclw) r:

• (G}.. 4) G~ ~;.:

.. 7

• liS ~ JI;-~

(,),; v"s..~ W-, IS" j~~ ..__s....5 ) • (G~ 4) t;lf~' ~"L

" ( il.O~ (lLw t~ ) it~~ iH- • ~ ~u_ ()s-)

,

" U} til_

37

= to try au impossibility jamanii = to plant a seed.

adj. an epithet of a mist res" ; (but. saro-qadd kharii TIOna, to stand erect).

requisites, effects; also sign s . to drink off at one draught, (said of a man that sponges

on his wife's family).

one that gets on by interest, not merit,

n. fleeting and mean severeignty = ,l,;,ol! Is' ,-,,' csll~s. (There is a story of a'bihishti who ruled for a day).

to make oneself famous, make others 'admit one's excellence.

communication.

=refused with thanks,

= to smoke awav , to waste. (Sulta, and t~~ are two methods of smoking tobacco).

worry by great talking: (often used in a deprecatory sense).

to rccei ve a shock (san f. is a buzzing in the ears; noise of escape of steam; sound of in-drawing of the breath when startled).

to fall into a state of consternation.

= you talk of chalk I talk of cheese,

• ..:.ot., 0:1 J "'->4 r "J1:l<: L .,;4-r

• l~" rli r+ r: * li~ Jjl.J~ .. L;~ i ill; .dr "lu) lir Is'.dr "1~~..a,j Lr

, ,,J..d ?

.. li_rl> (r~ 4) l;1} <!: r:

,

* lil.'" E 1r.-.J1 (;_)r

,

* yl,,,.. l,pr

~

.. u~.JJt~) 4..~~

- ,

.. u4-r wls') &.;Sr

,

.. ti~ u~)) ul;. .._}.J~

38

=in a word.

to he much in love.

of .anger, longing for retalla, tion.

I keep myself aloof from him

as far as I can .

to abuse.

= LlJ JJI~ .

= rouse sleeping dogs. = die in sleep.

= (his) fate woke up.

to swell up: (Ihamisthe trunk of a banana tree and is metaphorically applied to legs only; kuppa is a lea ther vessel for gI,;: mota J.'1IPpij ho.jana, to become obese).

= " to teach your grandmother" (hut is always used in a deprecatory sense by the speaker).

to draw in the breath when feeling cold, or on eating too hot a curry.

a flat refusal. .

to become a skeleton (very thin).

di tto; also of the tongue, to become parched.

said by people to express overwork.

to keep quiet, say nothing: lit. to take ginger-suuff.

e U~ .!J',; I>' L,~ • liT ~l.>1> l~j~ ,_sl L~

, ,

* tl'l,_ ..p- L,w

. ~~~ .. )) ~t~ ......

"U} ~w .l~ " li).ti ",,4 [ <!:. ] .u:: ~J~

• ~f Yo fl"l-j~ "'_j.f v:1>.y~ ~ J~l.- vlr. ....si~ * 1;':;/".

"U})i;'" ~• U;_,J 0Lw J~ d~

J-

,,( liyto l: ) Ul~ Y' ~'" U',A:;

" (li4--T "') ljj ~~

39

to cherish liberally.

of a fat prize: often of a rich wife).

"f ~

= )~ ..sj~ ),3.

ill-fortunate [rom the {irst . disgraced .

'Vide tI !...., .J ~~", ....

lit. he won't talk to a straight or kiud person, i.e. you must treat him roughly.

he was drowned with shame. said by an i rate servant after leaving a. master; = I'll take service where it suits me.

cut off one's horns and mix with the calves: of an ancient fop; an old man playing at youth.

of mysticism , etc.; passed orally from one to another; said by Sufis.

to support, with resignation, patiently.

to face a danger bravely.

li:'J ~l... A ._"s;~, q.v.

to die of joy.

lit. (your) ill-luck has come; said to a servant, etc.; =you'll be punished.

ditto.

/"'~ <..::,_jrf.:::. L ~~J;, *l4;

* Ur> ,_j~ ~ .. A .:::. ';.,1;, " tij u~ ",,:\-') ~ rr

• ['::::"]w~l."r

;~~;)~.:;

"l.i.1lb ~ r..~ ~lx!

~ --

"t..i.ifi ",..it';;:

• t..i.1,,~ ~1; " U ')'~ ~j _,J.f:,

• tiu.~ 6..i)!1; (sho.sha) • U),.;;:,,- 6..1;,.11:.

40

almost without rival (of ab .. stract things).

uncontrolled; wild; also re .. fractory.

emphasi-. stress in reading or reporting, etc.

to take like sharbet, i.e. to suffer (a buse) meekly ..

ditto.

to sweat from shame.

= to sink into the ground with shame.

adv., through shame; compare [ ~ ] cS"~!' t"~, ..

= lii{/ t.0~, q .. v.

to hesitate whether to do or not, be in perplexity ..

turn fiery red from anger.

said of the red ill the sky Itt sunset; compare ...:;...~..s' !( ~~. ditto .

lit. to let loose a squib; to tell something startling or something mischievous.

ditto .

ditto.

= l~ l.-;_"~ but ill a con temptuoussense; (asof something for which the aspirant is un .. fit or which is bevond his

reach). ..

R

• 0..:».;:- ,_} ~t.!

• 7~~ .:' !;) ~~ (1

*~~

* C:!Lft ) ... t.=... ~~

• rU .1, ';:_j) u~,. /~

J ~.! ~ ) U}~ ws.~ • t U)~ w~\,! L4J .. Uti,.. w~.;; (~I~ Lw~»

iii J~ ~45' ~'o..:»(' J~

.. u~iIl

• AJt.:;._ u) ]J:.1:. * (j)~ ;t.';;) J~

41

=a wolf ill sheep's clothing, (said of something that has been kept carefully and turns out useless or inappropriate), a gossip.

= a cemetery.

= the blame is always laid on a conspicuous person.

to boast: (baghiirnii, lit. to season with oil and onions).

to show otf 01' be peremptory before a.Dyonc.

(lit hi. boasting was shed) = he became a-pricked bladder,

lit. his boasting tasted gritty to him; hence = U_}l.~ ~ :

kirhr;;' nonn, = to be spoilt (of enjoyments).

lit. the binding I has come undone, etc., i.e. the family or society arc scattered hence also = to be ruined.

(expresses peace and justice) .

a name for the cat; Grimalkin . to be thick, great friends, espec. after a tiff.

to captivate, charm, to make an unfriendly person friendly. (The idea is taken from

l:)~ J~' confining Jinn in hottles).

J Shiraza is the string at each find of a native binding. fi

"W,~flrl!!~ • )rv:;"" ~.l4j ~ I!!~ " -.:;....jj ._} .)¥

" 6Jl.;. ._S> '"'th~":: .. I:I-,~ ~~ I!!~ L I!llh0

• r:~to :,tb~ .. \j~ ;'j.ft L "'~

" t>f ._s~~ Lc 4] I.JY> lJ}.lL.c ..r- (.J~I ) • L. .lLc 1ft'" f, Vi

" [ L. .ll..: J,3 !r.:'" .r. vi

42

to be possessed by a devil; honce to be mad with rage. ditto.

notorious.

H the Devit's guts," said of anything long and tedious (as an exam. paper).

(of a wicked girl or woman) .

=1 hope the Devil won't hear me and spoil it, etc.

to surpass even the Devil in mischief.

= a very Devil.

to use sh instead of 8 (M Bengalis do).

not to be able to taste, as after fever.

to exchange compliments with. lJ! aih. us ko jiinla hun magar us se muihe ~ii~ib saliimai ?lao hin = I know him by sight only.

to li ve like a European in high life; geu. contemptuous:

(~ Iio) ~ &;l~ u;1_,j = be

shows off). •

to domineer.

to approve heartily .

I approve most heartily; e= e!"'"')·

to approve heartily and also to sign.

"Li;"~........;!..., " (SS l~) l;·.~ ,l..i ~ " ~) (J I,,;.;...-~=-O ( .:::. w-' )

J¥ or rW ~ .. I._I.e

* J=-- ~

*S'~Li... *tytLlt.,

• li_J Jli.o ( .:::. w-S) * UJ"'b .. jt.O..,( .._}.i~ u-() ~LWj~

• Ull~ "" "Lo

• Li1.: T - =))~

* U)~ ""h.c * lj_r'; I.:!-'/~ " ('r- ""))"'"

b

43

get off scott-free.

= tj)' J.; I:: I procrastinate.

to enjoy a person '8 society, or be intimate with. Yar07i ki suhbai is uxiqt garm "ai, the party are enjoying themselves.

a call to arms too soon, met.

= to make a clean sweep of. (colloq. Urdu) completely; withont leaving a Irace; (0£ people, money, numbers of things; not of a single thing).

to make peace with, bury the hatchet after a quarrel.

to be clean gone, spent.

tr.; to throw the enemy into disorder; (ulatnii is tr. and intr.: ul!ana, ir.,is Punjabi).

fig., to curse .

known by sight; also (his) face

seems familiar.

= to slap the face; lit. or fig. to take form or sh ape.

Iair wrthout and foul within; It whited sepulchre; specious; (0£ people or things).

to be in great difficu lties; to be worried to death by.

ditto.

put on the shelf aud forget = li,f) Jlb ~)~, q. v.

~ li.~) l_;();, Ju, ,. li.;S:.;1 Jlb ,. li.,Jt J lb ~;lb .. ~ lw ow, U.

* li,-> L.;b • UI)J }.Jb ,. v·I~...j, i .)

,. IJ)Jt ))1, ~;_,.b

* tUy. t:}o ....} I J>.7b

R

,. ,L 1jJ_r. 2,-,b.7b ( Is' w-S )

• U} liT .,)li.7b • liJr. .,)li_,b

put on the shelf for ever.

= t",) i31.,.. l{ ",,';lj,.

with a face like a plate; of Mongolian appearance.

grapple with II mental difficulty, tackle.

to pipe loudly (of birds); (of animals or human beings) to go at full 'peed: also kisi ki ta' ri] kii tarriira Marna, to be loud and fluent in the praises of.

to connive at: = Gf I.$[;,r. i~' to copy, gen. lin good or bad sense).

vide ,U)I ..:..'::'].

lJ~,. J.;) d ..Jj), q.v.: also to be in a critical state (of illness l.

to be confounded at the dashing of one's hopes or

joy ; vide L_,J and ~.j",.

to be faithless in affection or loyalty; '''~ lky-b, adj.

to repeat parrot-like.

to be famous.

to make a commotion .

1 :l'o.i;a or tota, m., H.; parrot; t..on etc .. f. '1 T17t'i, m., P., the rose-finch,

t:

or~ljJ_,~;~ Vf(i_Lo~I>:~:,)

• ~ U~\-~ i_Lo':'); vf

., l;~fi' ]-; V-f * Jj V-J; a: V-.r (~j _" - or ) (J~ j!:~ y-')

• li S •.. ~ e, ;

] Lr Lr

~ G ... ,; •• J J~c

)"',J v ~y

• ,).: or) uT Lf.:,o t J:t" ~

• (Ui "ri:t"

• tit", L J:t" JOt

• ( GlhoJ ~ ) U} ('i:]:'" Jlic • U4-- tto!~ Jli"

• ~Lo Is' JR" or ~jjl Is' JOt

,

.!L\; Is' J'" ., ~I); Is' Jli:

,

• w..toJ Is' Joc

• lit.,.. 1/", Is' Jiic " -.!.S ,_)) vttj rls' Jlit

45

he is very proud .

to extol to the skies.

= all the uni verse,

to admire greatly .

to be foolish; = .» (.$)(,0 uii, 01' tJ~ ~~J~ J~ J6 t: •

not to know what. to do, [.0 be bewildered.

one's wits have gone to graze, left one for the time.

= li[}J ,,-.~.b.

(said of old persons above sixty) .

foolish.

a mine of sense .

(generally used ironically for " foolish.")

one who always acts contrary to wisdom.

= l'J~ .>::.; J; t.U~ .

one's reason can't discover, or imagine how-.

= e. •• .:., i( Jo.,,: (to chase away JR& with a <..S .. ;~).

= tj "J'" J.i>.t (but used only facetiously).

= your wisdom curses you, i.e. you have none.

.. lil<;>fl "';t.~ IS'r.

,

;, e: lift o,::..l L .r"

* G) ..l.-"i ;..l J.c .. liJ".lt. ..l,.j J..l J~

,

,. Jbt..;.l¥

• li!w )~i:

• u) ..lJ",)i (compare ..lr;i L

.16

pare the nails of your wisdom; i.e. come to your senses, stop this folly.

a wise man's t.ail ; a term appi i ed to one who pretends or boasts of his wisdom.

to be near death, or to dio .

(said of an old man, or one lingering on in sickness).

put in practice; act on.

to be acted on; also to come into force,

said sarcastically to a remiss visitor who comes after a long time (i.e. to-day is not the annual 'ld so how do you Come here!).

to one \I ho is not seen for a long time though he ought to have been visible; (a reproof; also = all people long to see the moon of 'ld, i.e, you).

adv., exactly like.

= ~-'~ ,4.r. gen.; (gltolnomean· ing),

to disappear' clean; (gltulla meaningless).

soreness of mind; slight vexation.

= L\J\<;)~ .

to make a mess of :

= fool).

.~(??~)~&~ 1.I_,j)') ",)1) l.iL,>. ylt ~l <.!-I *(L~I..!,...& .y

oJ

• li:.) ~

.. ~54!;' v/

.. ~~ IS' vi

, ~.?

* ( WiIJ l~ ) ljj.:i 1 • ..ci

",Y

.. li.~&....a.i:

~Y

• (WIJ J~4 ) u.:JSY'j ~

-,'

" GL,>. ylb "'-)t''::' ~

• a, ti_rl>.J~ JlJ ~

'Uj,,>~ • li~.3~

.? ,

" Ih&J.o

• IS' ...,_..a.i:

• l.i.A» ..,~ ..,th1& ( <!I"'" y.; )

.. he.. bff .. v} ~ (&

.. G) ..,t.o ..,y&

47

to drink in gulps with relish. to be quite mixed: they are devoted to each other; of friends, 10 verso

= G)" AiG .

mad with trying to get his ohject; not in very bad sense .

= selfish.

to suppress one's anger •

said jokingly to an allgry friend; (steady old boy, steady},

to be mad with anger.

= (his) anger is always at litis) nose, i.e. he easily gets angry.

= t;; rL, q. v. =G,_';;~ .

= )~:;, J.C.

the devil of = I( lL ( in good or bad sense).

to be absorbed in thought .

all wrong, too many mistakes .

to solace one's grief by something .

(of the first Iispings of a child in speech).

.. \.jl,>.~ -.:;..JL.,.__r-C • \.j~ l!J¥

.. t~jL·;} • \jG..~ ._::_..j.i

., F"- J Jl_; .. ti!._j.JW • ti.~.).;l: I:.s-i~ w~ ~~

4S

to be near death .

to be defeated after boasting; the idea is from the noise of stammering when nonplussed.

to be free from care.

cheerfulness in want.

Ar. = agood thing it ia.so muoh the better, well and good.

to run fast, go fast (of living things. trains, carriages). Fnrriitii = sound of rushing ;

hence' rapidity. -

to do a thing very seeretly ; mere to firishtoi! ko bhi ldJabar nahin ki = I'm quite ignorant of-.

= a proud, haughty person (as Pharaoh without.a kingdom) .

to read, etc" fluently .

i 0 Behar = to abscond.'

cause of contention .

the bone of contention .

a teacher publicly binds a pagri on his pupil's head on his passing his final examination in Arabic; hence to distinguiah for superior knowledge.

I Tn Delhi this idiom may have another meaning.

* ts} "".Jh; t'J'" ;,..i<;

\ ... >J.J"

'(frorn the Qur'an .;JJull ,~,.P.;

• lit.,.._r, J; ( d~ ) • l'l u"" 0~;

.. uti~ ~Iaj • ( l;j~f ) II Gti! ~)i:

'* t_i~J ~jji: . j;. t:vi~~:; ~]ji

• LJlJt_# A 0:1;

• J;.-!-'I J,;

• lit.,.. L .:_~; t « lil.,.. L'-::-~; J; f It ._sj f.

o

• lil,. ~)" l, \ c.)

• G} ~(.i.) ",-:\;l, ( ts' ,_,-S )

• ( Uy~ I ~) Gf.SI "-.) J'< .L .J~'

• (U_r, ~)li.,;', JIG! -.154 J~ ft

7

to scheme, intrigue. = L_,~ )il{.

"theu flee to God. ")

to become pale through fear. to be deceived, taken in by a jl~JR; or plausible person.

= lil;, ~l, ~j, q.v., prevaricate . make up stories about another.

=Gl,~o t~Y~. =Uj.,l' ~.J-; .

= ljl"j~.J~ .",l.~r to extol to the skies.

tn wdri ness ; specious show.

Lear away the palm, surpass.

= a slight defect., Ilnw, something amiss.

= to go to hell; die (of infidels).

to get on with a person.

to worry a person. (The idea is from gi ving a poet a word like L;»i~ or b~ to which there are few rhymes) .

to speak ill of the dead .

to have oue font in the grave j (in the Urdu the idea is both feet).

" liC.j ~i) r.).' .. ( l~ 4) li4-- r~:; i.).'

• l4J ~.).I

4f If' u~JI) _..~)-' .. ~.vl..;- ~ .,;i;

L (y:l..a.') \_)l-i * l.i.Jt.).~ " l.i.Jt) «..i f ,Lt,( (-'

50

(said of one after rising from" seri ous i lluess].

to wish well to one's own cup: to look after one's own selfish interests (in a bad sense).

to keep pace with; also to

follow in the footsteps of.

=U~Jj!'j.

to go at a walk.

to kiss the feet of: also to acknowledge the superiority of

= to kiss the feet of; to stick to a person.

to plant the feet firmly.

condign punishment.

to wear a garment made out of the Quran , i.e. to ~ake oaths excessi velv or on trio vial occasions j to profess oneself a t rue person.

to he sacrificed for, met.; (but U,> ",w) lit. or met.),

= to be tied to a tvrnnt (as an ox to the slaught~r"r's peg).

not enough· left to swear hy even, i.e. nothing at all.

to swear not to do, as;; y ... of _,; i: ,-;,1 or 4-(.,., J ri Uf '-'~ <,5H.~ ,,....; <! L 1 Ul\~ you han.". sworn not to come here.

1 Gh:ilib has used this idiom OIlCf) nfflrmutivelv- and nl1~ where the mooning may be either nega t ive or afflrrnat ive. D~lhi and Lucknow are 8.\ war on this point.

• li~1J c.::..-._'

* U J"";~ 1....:,;...-.4 .........

* liSt.,.. -.:.:-. .....

• .u,~ Is' ~

-:s

• J.jLw Is' c.::..-....J

• ti} Jt; s: ::"( \;' w-') * U) rL.:i~~ • ( ll!.JIS:~ l,: ) t,lS:~ ~ * G) ~l,S ~ " G} Ij'S s: .a:; • L u~ f.,~- ,hi t..a; • l:} l.a,

• li.<ty, L.a,

51

fortune changed for the worse. misfortune changed for the better; vide G)", ",0.

my fortune played me a trick when it-tor a particular occasi on ; opp. at G)J ..:;...._;).

intr. =\~.:. ...:.._,;.

very lucky.

a lucky devil (applied to an undeserving person).

one's fortune fought for one whcn=-tof a particular occasion).

mutual swearing, i.e. if you sweur to do something I'll swear . to do something (either ill help or antagonism).

to finish off a man= 15' o.s-' lJ r',.J (15'.

ditto .

= Uls'7' f..:.~1I)J

= to sum up; in short. to stir up It quarrel. death hovers over him .

to die : also to omit religious duty.

to ma ke 11 p for an omission in prayers by an extra prayer.

a

to make up fast days that have been broken.

to settle a dispute: to kill off a man who is a nuisance.

to be finished: (vide note to next).

, ,

J.ll ~j~ A.iJ1 ,it I J, J.i>i

* lilt; ~,}) ( ~; I..; ) )I,

,

• lj~ J.s y.~;

( ~i~'.l.J' (l.i l,) .lil":! (i.; " L\,,!J

" U} jbil (1)

d.i)t> .. '.j.~!.s (i.;

• ~,!, ~ J,' " l.i));~~ " ( U) ~f 4 ) l.i4~1 ,-"-,,,l~,

,.. G)_,.j ~ .,c1.~'1 .. '::"'!.:ilit,5 ~.4' ("r e-: IS:~I) ,

* l~,.\ ~l~. • l.i ~ ,_;;_,..l~'

52

to be "ery hungry.

turn head over heels on a bar or in the ail'; to tumble.

his secret was out (lit. his copper showed through the tin coating).

to write off-hand without premeditation.

to omit, leave out in writing (purposely),

to commit to writing.

to cut off at one blow •

=l;}", ,.J.; or lj.-~ ["1'; to strike

out" cancel,

= ~15' ~~<J .

= )_,y 1.L1 q.v. make a great ado.

to bring calamity 011, cause a tumult like the Rcsurrection .

= her great beauty causes hewilderment.

ditto. ditto.

to chatter mueh; also to gossip €\'il of others.

I"

t ....,u is thA first; word of Iou I' Sitra.'I of the QlIr~i.T1. There is n cere-

mony after death in c Jucb they ure repeated and food is distributed.

53

>It< v,;ti; '....!Jl:) =L..$:;l .. ~-:._.-H~I, q.v.; also e ar-

tinres 5"') &J~.

'_;l~ a: '_;j~'S ,-} J~I$

- *UJ.<j

• ( L li;l) rl$ 1, ) J)I~ ,,-;1$ ":1)'3 4J <::1 - i1j w,' .i.iti"

• W,')<; JS

• 1>'~ yit> ,:".;1$ I

• ~<~t' ~I$"

• 1.i;S "';_,. ~I$ • uo ts:-;;i' I$" 0'JI$

• li,",,~., w,j~ .ll$ • V} .l~

(said of a person in fear or sorrow).

= a fool; lit. " wooden owl.

= to be struck with astonishmon t : but taklrta 'w-iiinii, lit. to he stiff (of the body).

(lit. to come clean out of a room where kiilik: or lampblack is stnred) =to touch pitch an .. 1 not be defiled .

= it is " difficult matter.

= an unsubstnntial support.

disappear, i.o. run awi.\y.

= [et-black , lit black, as the king-crow.

very black-cornplexioned : kulu!ii ( = nigger-black; a contemp. tprlll).

to disgrace .

to disgrace: kiitik, f. = black of a lamp, etc., soot .

to transport.

a gre"t distance, hundreds of miles.

said of an old man whose hairs arc still hlack : (eating raven ' s flesh keeps the hair black).

• L>i [,J'" ] r~

• l!} rto> r~ (~ '-,:5-S ) • h't- r~

'" y7"~ r~ " L>4--) rl>

• L>4-- jl ~~

• ( ~n J L: ) li.') .I..)~ ~-; ~~ * L>y, [ \!!~ -c ] c.l~ JLi.- [d, l: ] )I} ..,sy, <.:J!5'

,., li~.J A';

~t-!:"'=) c.l_,Jl> ti;(; c.l~ (; ....,z-) • (L6.);

" ui, .; /t..l c.l~

• G.~ L ,,-oJ I!i~ .. li,:..1 c.l~ • u.:~ "'~ (~ y-')

54

to be useful; also to be slain in a noble cause.

to do for one, kill.

a skrimshanker , shirker of duty, [-=-'J L Jjl,,;_)~~!s') .()"'b

l!\'i.~. = li/ ;'1 .

= (my) ears were deafened: (of great noises).

(said to one who thinks a person asked him a question).

= to poison a person's mind against someone.

= he didn't feel mv words even to the extent ;f a louse crawling on his ear .

to ignore the words of.

to overhear,

= there was such a great noise that one couldn't hear a word spoken into one'. ear.

= to drum out. drive out with disgrace.

= I won't do it: (reference to the method of punishment in primary native schools).

to listen attenti vely . ditto .

to give heed to.

to surpass (in evil deeds).

~ t;s fl .,;1>'

t~.s j.l .,;1>'

• l',.J '-",s .,;fl • tj"j ,t~ u~,. I!J~ .. l.i.~))~ "I JI.3 J;i J~'" I!JI5' ~ G.,;~)I),.} JI.3 J<j J~. ",,15' ~ th,! J.3 J~j J~'" ""Is' • Li.~ )1>, L ~J y.~)) ~ .. <.:lfl .. li Ij'~ j'~ ., ",,15'

'.t. lJ~.S ._s-),; U:( ti';.> J~A u),;i, t_ (lib' .( but t.i.l;- lKi ~.J ,I --.5_1 ) .. t,;t~)Jt ~:.i~ /;~t{.:-::'

~ tij; =~jfl ()~ <.:lIJj ) .. tl,.J t~,-,jl>'

• tj)ri .J~;" ""I>' u)il>' • u, ""Ii' U)il5' .. ( tit~)!), I.; ) tl,-, '_::_'J; t"fl * li} ~;fl J~~I>' • IS' ,-:-,S

55

credulous to tale- bearing.

to prick up one's ears; also expresses astonishment.

to force one to listen .

= I'.;,,-! ,)s, q. v .

to be quite innttentive to. ditto

ditto.

ditto.

lit. not to flap the ears, i.e, not to give an,\' heed to.

to whisper together.

to be a cause of jealousy to;

= to be an eyesore to) .

to become thin (of people, animals).

= to drag upon thorns; said by one who is praised (in affeotion that th" unmerited praise hurt. him).

to plant. thorns in another's path.

expresses great thirst.

to lend a shoulder (to a bier), to assist.

not to know at all.

= I heard somehow .

to he altogether changed. to quack, lit. and met.

~ ji~ Y.'~ " ~ 4.~~ '-::-"~S e.. ",~ y'i~

~ li,.'" <!:. u)j-;-> " tjt4~ Ai u~'" u)Y,' • I.W 1\ wliS ';,'.tJt;:,

r

" (~':1'~)) yLi.1 l:. ) ~ft~ JoGS

L u~ .. y'j~ jiS (~) )

• lit.' b~", t) .1

, ~

ft, ;)"S Vr ')4 J r~ y.\ J.(

• [~j~: ~/y'Jly.; J: .,.,sr.

"< l.\.)"<O ~)~ ~ d5 .. L~t,. =y" \_} ~

.. ,

• ll; _ ~._ L,.i>

~ .;-A..c .. ,;~ .Li/L~...!.-5

56

&!J...o \J~A) ~)J I.J~ ~L<:,]~f

q. ~. .

= some ti Illes the one wav (or thing) and sometim';s the other.

some time or other.

to swell (like n leather ghtvessel); also to become obese.

to have menses.

(expresses j'YY), bookworm lit. and fi.!! .

one who publishes anotber's work under his own name.

= book-faced, i.e, oval; a beauty.

lit. how far can he wade into the st ream i Expresses eontempt for another'. knowledge. ability. etc.

lit. scmet inn-s to visit the dO(T and souiet imes the goat, i.e~ to idle about (of boys).

(said of one who talks much). = obstinate .

= to die a dog's death. = to kill disgracefully. =3 bastard.

a smattering of knowledge.

to be cut "1'. of a number (in batt lc)

5j

~.

kat-khanii I "l.iS U.S'_::_\ a biting dog; also fig. of a mall.

~ \)-,o'_::_' to be cut up (in battle).

~,

.,. }t,.c ~\t~~ y

. J~~ ""S

~ ( l.i,:.l ..::"J l, )

• ( lil.,.. '_::_S l, ) Lit.,.. l'

• h,;., b, • ";.l t;s ,"Lit.;.l,,'l~

... l·'J~jf'J~ " &'''''S ts' .~, • t.iJ!,),,~ L t"s &"",,'

a puppet.

to sprinkle salt on a wound.

= to be quite ashamed.

= imperfect language, poor speech (said deprecatingly by a speaker).

unf orrned .handwriting . poor-spirited, timid.

= to cat one up) i.e. punish sev-erely.

Ill. 1'1. and adv., numbers of children.

wr angliug of common people.

to gnai\h the teeth in anger.

to grind the. teeth in sleep or anger.

a plump-faced Hindu boy: (kachuilri is a cake and Mal is common ill Hindu names).

to beat to a jelly: (kachulII.ar i 8 a kind of chat",.)

ditto .

quite changed 0 l'q ui te different. to take poison and die.

* ~ 6..i ~"T" '*' .r~ ~ 4J 6.'i~S 6.S-

• Y- ...,t- ~"T'S 'Jl~1 "",I

. , .;J~:'

",~,~

~ 1.G <l..il;- I:) ~'"",

.. LiJIS R)

,

• li7Jt ~':;'j ~-)

• l~ 1//

.. liJ._\~ ~);

,.. li~ ~.:)S

,

.. ( li ~Jt L:: ) 111:) U~A ..I.l}

, IlL<.; C j>}

'" Li).>f 1:>1» ~ I)t.;. l.:i'fY • n~_) I)y(

• ~ I)],

• ~I;:; <..Sf;'

• LilJi [ J'~ 1 -_"y

58

something or other.

= don't ask me about it ; (ex. presses excess of pleasure or the reverse) .

whatever it may bc

a green dupe .

many childreu,

(said to a frieud paying a long. deferred visit) .

to make a place like Kerbala , i.e, deprive it of water (as during a strike of b,hi;;htis . a great blockhead. (Kursi in the V.P. is famous for its fools).

to be accepted (of one's words) by grcat persons .

vide u:Jl '-:fJ" J~ ~~ •

lit. to turn OVer in sleep; also met. of Time.

ditto.

lit. to be scratching at , i.e . digging or searching out.

lit. to come out of the moult quite clean; hence met. to change for the better.

= to starve.

the chattering cold-season.

lit. bitter astringent: hard and cruel (words).

= very bitter .

look of dislike.

to suffer hardships,

.. vli~ ."s1 ~ liy- ."sJ> .,__.....sv) V"S • (Li.v') ) L u.'Y< '-:,5' E_t, \..l'""~

~L l:1.\ 4.~ I$" J~ v: ~ L ,p ._,.,L ..... ...r' ~ L I)J '-:,5' .ljJ \..l'""' ( ~r.! ) ~ ~ l: ) }hi ; )1.,.;;; V"" • L (u~,.

~ L I).; u.' u»-; V"s (~r.! ) ""'4 ~.:::. ~.i.,. \..l'"") ~.< ~ u,tS V"~ L 0)1 ft 'vi" 4:S (J-' ) ~ u;4-

• u.~~ ~NA5 * ,-"l~ ~.JW-5

• J.J ~.JL.:::.' ,

* 0_,,,-) ~.;;:.,

.. U} L>:';;:", (.\':;;_; * ),L;. ~.>~.-;:_, • ll>1.;1$" ~'""'.;;:.,

) "

y

.. ili.;}-'

.'

• v)} _;k5

• U_,>1. J(~ J>

59

to speak harshly, = Ut.,ll "P"

= everybody, high and low. = to defy.

(said of a very fat III all ). = he is of no account.

= of no use,

~ , •• ,.~..: '-:-l ....... .:;::.. \...-~ ,q. v.

~ I" .. / ~)o U"~, q v . how shall I have the fare to say this l'

how shall 1 be able to face him?

whoever he may be .

with broad-forehead; also met,

of cheerful countenance.

open-hearted, generous,

slaughter.

to struggle together. offended .

to trace or embroider figures all cloth.

a flat bare plain,

to talk blasphemy .

overcome the obstiuacy of .

to get out of order; (of the works of a watch, or maohinery of a human being).

.. 1:'*1 f>' Jill {kalank ka likal. • l;1'7 J ~~ll ~ lit.". ~iI l'?oll

• Ut.". ~.!t Y. l,?:~15 .. ljl"..l.;4~ l~IS

• lil".._,Jt vl, V'~ l'?olS • l;)0 w;~ l,?~11

• \jl~r '~"~ l'?oll ~ li~ l~lI

• U~ ~).;> )(; l'?011 • \jt';" --=-1; t'? H

• \;~7" ~*lS • liyt ~J.,;-- ~:0.'

~ \jt~ ""':- ~tl( * l.i.j.~:- l~-:,!IS • lil j.!t oJ l,?~H

• l.iy.!t ~; J.!t~ ~*15

60

lit. to repeat the JIllsjim creed: kisi kii kalima p'fThnii to ad mire and praise a person.

ro-religionist (of Mualims,

Christians, or Jews; said of the different sects in each re ligion of eae h other) .

brand of disgrace.

= the heart to leap with joy. the heart to he upset (on

hearing sudden bnd news) .

to be, 01' feel, encouraged . to sink. of t he heart.

to be wounded in heart , Expre:-:ses feal',

to harden one' S heart.

to be cut to the quick. =to restrain oncs sorrow .

to break, of the heart; to be pained in heart at a pathetic story.

to press t he heart as a sign of grief.

to snt.isfyone"s heart's longing, get case; also to please tone's parents, etc).

to cause sorrow to .

= the words pierced (my) heart like arrows.

ditto.

ditto.

to heat, of the heart, natur(Illy .

ditto.

~ UI". y"- ~ 0"'~ l7'~H

,

• 41 J, ~-'" l7'~

* I); y~ il,. l7'~l\ '" (lii,J 4) li,.t; ~l~ ;; C"~ • li;!l...l "''>llt> .r. ~}5 (<;-1)

~~ _rS l~ ta..l.il" .r.5

* (1.i...t .. dL

,. J.~ )o.~ * Gt7'- ~_,.~ .J~

* ~JJl.3 ~ •• 5 * by~..a,. ~>5

(" "

to beat suddenly, of the heart. (my) heart leapt into (my) mouth.

ditto. (expresses jealousy).

= think how it would be in youI' own case; put yourself in my place.

to embrace (of children or sweethearts, wife; (not for friends).

to get ease, pleasu re ; vide

~. l~S" 1i.i.~1 .J-: ~1~

to do something wonderful or str:.tngt',

lit. 10 catch birds with " long limed rod (kampa); and met to catch anything p:ood.

gird up the loins for; get ready for.

girded, ready for.

to go in the loins: met. to be deserted by friPH(].; to lose for a. support (as a son, friend, etc.).

to rest awhile (during or after work); to he down for a little.

= ~f'" u and t~Jt.

= manly ,,=,,~..,Q ~ .. f¢' and

....sL""'i "",:-,~l. .. &.

* li_5 •• 5 = I~.",j'~ .of.

• li!rS J"s undo one's helt, etc., and be at ease,

" li.~~~ J,t~ .Jo.S to quit service, retire.

• l;""1 ,h;)- J ~ ~IS' J.tiS

,

* UJ_"> ,)y~ (u~'. ~ I; ,_) 0...5)

• li.(j4~ .fi;;s

• Uft} l.!Jy' ~y' (u~-) * ty~).~ ~)"S

" l.iJt j;- d_ yS <; (l.ilfil 4) li}l y':yS

• JI) y.~)l " LiJty, L <:-J U)J}

, • .I" Mj,S • liy!t 6J v~ ,::-,),5

* uW Jt...1S' ."sJ;5 " (j~,Jt IS' ._s);' • u~y!t ..,~, IS' ~J}

* liyJt ,.r.' .,_r.:i L '::-"7' " li~ ]" ._sj} cs JJS • LJ)),:" yt_.._ ts' ':'j)S ;"J}

62

to look sideways at secret 1 v, to make sbeeps-eyes at.

lo eavesdrop .

to avoid meeting; slip away on nearing'; also to avoid or evade a subject in conversation.

a" uncouth person either in looks or manners; also a blockhead.

= \1'0 L> .. Is', q,v. to dig a pitfall for.

= to lead a person a dance, to be full of (mischief, et c.).

= to become" prostitute (lit, sit in an LIpper storey}.

to become noised abroad,

to open a big business or factory .

a big trader.

= not to have had a good education; (l.n<iOli is a cheap grain like millet),

thick-headed .

= to be penniless. valueless,

to become worthless.

to be sold at three for a kauri:

ditto,

worthle .. ,

to be paid in full,

= keep an account of every farthing ~ of a miser.

.. lil7'~

• li~ _;_,.... L w-J,s

",.. "" .. y

" <" "" J " ,(

~ <:)* V:r

• Ii} w;~ I_.,S * ti;~ li-_">

• lif\.;, vr_"> ,. lifl., )),J V)-f " li.lt) ))'J v.,-.,S • L ",,3.i,; .::::. .. ,; J'

. ij y'S 6.,SJ'

;

• L) y::.~ ,,,,.It' "Jil,. ~iI,s)S

• U.lt» .",3.i,; .::::. ._(;l,o ~i_"> • J~! ~ J'j.' * ~ l:.lb ...j Jt! L .,.) _,.>

'" Li • ./I..\ J~; vi:" ),J.,'

63

to be in need of even a penny.

to be sold for a song.

to have suzerainty over. (of reciprocal curses].

ditto .

to shun much. ditto. ditto .

she has children; lit. she is cool in her flank.'

-=-p~ <-f u'''' or 1.i~1", maternal affection,

a blessing; = may your hushand and children live and make you IIa ppy: (bh"ri means may your miing be full of seruliir "lid your kokh. full of children; kokh. flank, practically means' lap ') .

ditto

= a galley-ala vo: one sweated. to work like a slave.

to be crushed in an oil press; a form of death punishment: met. to sweat another.

some one or other.

said of an old man whose hair is black.

1 "To whom is the kingdom t.o-day I To God, the One, the Most Powerful .' , -Quran.

It Compare l}~~ lS3..i.~ ~ ..J.jl..o to be happy with [L living husband.

Aiang, L, the pa!,ti'~g of tho buir-, is coloured with 8endur by Hindu women as a sign of 8uhiig.

,

.r~ J'l 1.,_,l"f_,1 [);I ,./;} u~;-,.:lIJ .t;~

'" li~J <l.i )1>' S _}l.s : l;.7'" -.:;..-.-" .J." J4S _;0 ; L "';;"--" .»: Jt.:l J/>"I ] ~ [1..::,.-..-'" J.'" Jl;S

~ ,-,y ='-'l"s} ~ v"t) a: ...;",,> ~v~Sl>'wY '! t.;l~ I>' wI'; liT Is' J,,5

-'~ ... it: J~;; ;I.s wI",; l;~1 * ( ·i_,,,,.) ,-,y. !-.;jt)t l!)

-~

.. liy ))1 Ut,1

• t;}~ ..."sjt,J

64

[to squander sovereigns and] to preserve coals; said of foolish economy : pennywise.

= fanlty acts or words; a friend bidding good-bye says merii kahii sun;; ",u' a/ karnii.

talk on both sides: negotia· tions : also to pass on information mischievously, repeal things.

= embezzle and give no sign.

= happy even in his poverty: (a proverb).

= somewhere quite strange.

to what a distance, far on.

= I 'Il have no opportunity to see you again.

=come back quickly. (With Hmdus it is a religious cerellHmy to drink water immediately after eating).

= to eat his food and yet to i jure another .

to tell false tales "bout another: (but ul.,( .... I~ to tell tales. the tales - may be true).

a lwrson or an animal that is the mean' of livelihood: also a young disciple kept by an old prostitute to support her.

lit. eating and drinking does 110 ~ood to Illy body; said by one ill grid.

.. <..!,....;~tS

• U;,~, It> ~.s

~ li~; ..,s3~~

• U4--r> ..,s~

,

~ Ul_,.LboJ "-Jf ~l.s' __ }<'

\... .. ~ ---JV ~) L.4-- _};J ) • Ul~y;t "-J+' ,,-},s ( ~

• :ii",~

,

* N-! =4, • tii~ li~

• liy ~Jit\(f.)

9

G5

ill-feeling between two or more . to crowd 01" pack choke-full (of people or thing').

to concoct plans.

to become grizzled, black and white, of the hair.

= dealings over the counter. to sleep on a rough (bare) bedstead; said as a reproof to one that makes a rude or rough speech.

to speak plainly, without mincing one's words.

= I uidn't sit down there even for a minute.

said to a friend that won't take a c hni r. (There was a ceo rt.ai 11 Pir 1 who remained standing all his life, and now people fast in his name, and while doing so stand the whole day).

to get one's clothes back from the wash the same day.

look in for a moment on your way to office; I won't even detain you by asking you to sit down.

to be free, go a bou t at will (in a, bad sense] .

openly.

ditto .

to prevail 011, persuade .

to be interrupted or prevented.

uk.. (.5 ':!.,-;;.s • U} y.~ ""_~;l~

I,G

to heat a person' ~ head to a jelly; (pi/pi/a: soft, and flabby, of flesh, sof't fruit).

t.o talk too much.

LyS' ~L'¢l; ~~~-f.

• Gu..., Y/';' y';;J Ut, llf! I.r..

} ,)~ ,) ~ 4) Li.~ r.,} J~ = to dig out information . • (~r.

".'_; ""~ l:Z} ..j <:J~ .n'

y - y

.. U.)y5 J, L 8;.s ( L ~ )

• li..e:)~'

.. vr'.ylJt ~~ • v} ,:!j~ ~.~ .. \>JI;:: J~ .. v} ( I .. J.i.;.: ~ p;';" Jw .. lii4- ~.S

.. ~!;' v:'t' ·u~..;# ~LJt.,.~S

~ L Jl~l~ 1.J;4- fir ~UI 45

= l-~ "':-'t.r.- a .. ~~ J:"~ or ",L.-') jI "'~ ",l+~f jl J"~. to presume on the protection of another.

to breed horses: (khet is a horse-breeding district).

to take place, of a battle; to be slain, of a number .

to remain in the field, be slain in battle.

to rise, of the moon.

to win a ba ttle .

to reproach severely .

to spoil sport. plan, business . = Li)t! ~.r.

to think a thing a trifle, tbink light of.

somewhere or other,

worth nothing.

lor he, etc., can't.

vide <:!. ".i.o ..".t.

~ li_i" v~" j;;"!>S * Ii_,.00 lyS

cs

+ J7" ~.~~ " W ",~ I ... ';'~ ,,.4(,:; "I o.,?)~

,

" l;X,,~ J~

" ( Ul,l' -jll' 4 ) iZ_,I.l' rJ~ • G:oJ ..j~ " l;)r.- ".1;~ ,

" J),,~ 15 ~,t~

• ~-!o~ 15 ".t~

• u.Y ~.~ J!>< ~/ &,,;~ * 1 I'J 51f " U,,"'" ",):;!... ;~

• U]I wi)) l~ • U} ~.,f ;ti'

G7

lit. what connection, what business have I witb ; also colloquially = not at all; no con nection ~ etc.

to fall into a difficulty.

large scrawl, bad writing: (lit. insect-kind).

to be eaten by worms; a curse.

(such an expression is used of things as weI! as of people).

= rubbish.

= he was walking along contentedly, Iiut seeing a carriage said. I must get into it as my feet a.re sore; said of one who becomes lazy on seeing unaccustomed comforts.

= to sulk.

reciprocal (filthy) abuse. f., reciprocal abuse .

to tie the nuptial knot (said of the parents).

= wealthy.

ones own money ; = tipne palle se,

having all empty purse . adj., tapering.

to be finished, done with; made away with.

show violence.

} ,,::!.b_'_)'~ conical.

to eat up, f(enerally met

68

.~,5~y .. ( ~ ....,._t l: ) LWl>. c.s

. y ... 9

"'--'~ J

"':" "..Y

• G_,~ l.if (.;s

• ~; ....::J

• u}~~f " liY' I..!..-;..:-t ( ..Y v-;1 ) • II..;- &oJ!

'" li~ y-vf vf ( eft" J.J)

• ( S~ )I_,- 4) uVoj7 ;, L,)~ .. l;.J~ J.:,l.i.1 _.; Ld • UI~ J.st, L Lvt

.. '-';~ vi} .. ( u)".I!. r _,.l ... 4 ) ·u).l ..... ~

" tJ~ vIJ

,

"",~!,_J

.. u~~ Jj (J.:" ,-~l.Q,. L - )

..- ~ .. J

.(f. ~ ~_.f and) ill. 4~ .J/

.. til ..y v.J_f (.,;Ivjt.;... ) .. u I J.:'" v.J_f ( ~)l.i... ) " lil~i ~.J:~ "UY' )I)~ j; ~J}'

gossiping together; (not in had sense) .

to gossip (contemp. serm). silent; secret.

to be entwined (of wrestlers) . f., a confused crowd .

to heap np in a mass anyhow. to be very friendly.

= 1Jr.- ~.j:,it, q.v .

lit. tickling: fig. to have an itching or longinf' to do a tbing.

to hold up to ridicule . to educate a fool.

to demolish (a fort, city, etc.) . life being burdensome .

= G.!.J 'r, to be unpleasant or burdensouie.

ditto.

lit. a poor puss; fig. a sly and

wicked rogue.

to be worthless compared to- .

a gad-about, vagrant .

= suffered misfortune.

= my luck took a bad turn . to mise the head, rebel.

to tyrannize over; to stick to und dun, etc.

~ U;u oJ.J} ~f.)f 4) lil _', ._J')c L ..:;..5'} • (ILL;, ,_(j) t:..1b ,_i

• ublls..;..'j (.J ~"y)l}~~ Jf 'if, wi;.)~ ('~t

'~ .... ~ r} • ( l.i..- 4. ) ul~\ "r: if

* t-'f".J .J.r i / " tll..a~ i} '" i} l~} • c y,./.f l"J • liJl:(iw,.;

,,(1;4-;; t,: ) uy; ~ • ( [;4- IS' ~} I.; ) l,l,. c ~

• U4~ ~} .r...;\.a, ...f.:" 1!!4t.f I,) l!},; oJt>:;} • (liJl.:i

" li)Jb J~ I!!l,:,.) • LH~~ 4.i_<> J~~ I.!J4-'J • LiJI.:s 6,'" J.:~ I!!'u:!} • liJ J.,.5

69

= G)I,o C)o} = 1)1) J~ ..

to be fickle as a chameleon .

intimacy, briskness in trade. ardour.

(= everybody is talking of it). to experience the ups and downs of life.

ditto.

condiments,

bot and hot, piping hot. =""-",=-r.-,I'}'

to satisfy anger; also to sat is· fy lust,

a guru with bells round his neck, i.e. a cunning rogue.

a difficulty to arise, a dissensian to take place .

= to lose from one's own pocket.

not to feel kindly disposed to; to rankle .

totumhlein flight (of pigeons) . to seize by the collar, arrest; used lit. and ti!:!;,; also to make a olai m against.

ditto.

(expresses shame). ditto .

to avoid, evade.

, j ,

* l~ j~Jt.J!' .:::. '-'7LCl5' ul~ f

* Ujl~-; '-.J/~ '_jf

,

.l~lJ.I

,

~ U7Jt J.I

,

• lSI.' Jt ,

• li.,ll J'

~

*' li4-ji, ~. ) l;'~ J.~ lIS-I • ( liy, 4 ) li",l~J lIS S ·Cl.i.17'JSJl~ 4) li/.I, ll>

~ ~ Ijt,;,- w'Y'

• Uj; g • till .:::. J,( : cu. .i,_,.J \)' J,t

.. [;4-- )Jt li.!)Jt~ ~ Jf , ;lit \)' Jf

,

* l.ill~ '.11) ...j it

70

to strain at a gnat~ etc.

to talk ill of the dead; also to raise up an old or forgotten quarrel.

= let bygones be bygones.

to blossom; fig. = a wonderful thing has happened.

= to live in a bed of roses,

live luxuriously.

extinguish a lamp.

to be extinguished. of a lamp. to be cauterized .

= L,'Y-, ct, <j.v •

to lose one's voice, become hoarse.

to shout at tbe top of one'a voice.

a light pleasant cold, before or after the intense cold.

to force a person to accept a thing.

to stick to n, person .

to embrace .

to cherish anything carefully; bUi-

to be an encumbrance.

sticking to a person; importuning.

~be angry; (of the veins of the neck swelling in auger).

71

~ 1.;10 15' to take lilt" one's embrace affectionately.

= litJ E, q v.

,. lij\,. J ( y,....ii' 4 ) wi rw.if

s

>If ~;)' :t~ t.j ("-,,.is

,

• lif- I.../Hs 1/w.,JiS

• l •• S; r'" L J_.) .. l~),..::; Y Jy; J5 (gini bo'!i)'

• L.) -".<)'''! oJ,s * ~J J''< .Jyf

to embrace, of friends.

to keel' silent.

anon ymous,

to ~ing the praises of; show one's J.!r,~titucle.

to be grateful.

wheat-coloured. i. e. tawny, rat.her clark (of Indians).

"aid of those who expose good .ut.icle s tor sale in the windows , et« .. hut sell had ones.

to nail round (a. "snake).

lit. stri ped ; also fig every other du.v or time.

a mixture of white and yellow. as silver and gold brocade; ,,1,0 of utensils half brass and half copper.

to walk slowly and mincingly.

counted bi t., of meat and measured 80UP, i.e. food ~t,ingily served onto

an j mage of Ganesh i B cow dung': a fat lubberly person ; a slovenly arid incompetent, worker.

= lk ~f"~ &f.; . q. v . to adopt. " child.

I Crmrf.ii is fin upr ivht stripe, but dhri..6 is ~ trnneverse sf ripo.

" ( ljlS:.i..,._ l~ ) lils:.~)~ " ..;s),5 ,,--ii.l )! 4 ) - ti.dJ ,,-)li) )! • (t.itlt.,.. .(ljJJl r:;bw.s- ~)t.i.~ .r jyf

" ljJlb .lj ~);

* lij ~~ " li_})iJ~;l " =~ J,s "l~/ JI.,. J!

y

~ J)o;. ~ })r

"))1.,. J.~ ")41S" <:J)

72

to be neal' deat h, but to escape it.

to put a man's life in danger. funeral ceremonies.

said by the aged = I am on the brink of my grave .

to treat a person's words as of no importance.

to strike the ear, be heard. take heed to, listen to.

to inform a person, vagudy. a til biguously.

noise and confusion; jumble, mess.

lit. the flower of the wild-fie (which has no flower); fig.:: ..:;...L lQ..1...C rare , no1 to be found.

= damn it,

a selfish or interested friend. (ga,,;" = ma/.lab).

= U_" )~ ~ >!!,,~,

(said to one who refuses to speak in approval or disap. proval).

= nothing (contemptuous); he thinks nothing of me, etc. ; (a fowla excrement is the worst of all).

to do the humblest act (said of one very obedient); not contcrnptuous.

1 {Junge kCi gur. na khfl·r~a na mi~hi7-l'rov. If fl. mute be asked whether 'lur is sweet or sour, he won't reply.

" l)l~)" .. ~)"f " W>jT /. d,t (L y-5 )

• ti)t,. '-.!!..l.tS' -liltS vtl

. ~)~

,,(l i!S! ",4,$t;f "-'j 1 L, ) Liti! 0~,lf

• lU) ~*"' ./~J c. ~1,t

" d_~ Jtf

~

• U;~J t.;;:t.J 0iy!~ yl

10

73

to make dirty, spoil.

to cat dirt to repent: ma", ne gull kMiy;; ki aisii kii1n kiyii = I did very wrong in doing so.

to keep a thiuz very secret; said of a person needlessly reserved.

to become dirty. spoiled.

(= Cy . .flO ",,1.3 L .,,_{, which latter, however, is Dot the idiom),

(said of a traveller who has gained experience) .

to smuggle.

to become stupid bullock or goat) . yJ .,It, q.v.

l;t;~ ~L ~f. q.v .

to keep tied to one's apronstrings; (said of an unmarried girl by her mother when she is old enough to he married).

(like ..

= to be somet hin,!.( to which ODe has heen used since infancy, to be second nature. (Ghufti is an opening medicine given to a newly-born infant).

=[Ldv.~ at one's ease.

to enjoy oneself watohina one's own ruin. (Nero fiddling while Rome burnt).

to turn all t of house and home: lit. and fig.

light of the house. i.e. a son

:IS ( J.~ts' 4 ) Ll;s -.!..>5' _ • .j y. • L lJ))..l

• i:_~.t- ts' J,f '* uti.~ iiw) IS' _,.rt

• _,' .<.;:...) ts' .1';; • G} _.,J

• tilJ..i ./-" .Jit " ~').1.s

• ..."sll) _.of • Lii~ u~;'~ see til.; <-:5,,.,) ~ lir"~ u,.l .. lof;; ",A uJ'.t (/-,.1 ) • s; ;;1-- ujtS' ""y' ,-~;..s l * s: .;;[.. J~"..".}+f~; J~"..".j.s S " GyJL (1!!L.v<) ts' ",,-d_ <-:5j.t

, Y

• ~ &~~~; ~

,.. t.i~ !Jt,Ji..; J-r:

,

.. G~ ~ J,f

74

a treacherous confidant [demolisher of Ceylon ; an allusian to Rawan's confidant who betrayed him to Ram.

= this house oppresses One by its loneliness now that So and so has gone.

= ~l,,:-11s' ;.s, q. v,

= to tell to go home, i.e, to turn anyone away disappointed.

ditto .

to build a house; establish a family: take u wiie; take up an abode; lit. or fig.

m., a wife.

to take as mistress.

master of the house, husband. (the mistress) wife.

to be intimate friends.

to sleep soundly; also to die .

he was put to much shame.

changeable or fickle; also of one always ailin.g from something.

to be at the point of death. adj. pushing (of a person).

to sob after weepillg.

to be commingled, lit. and met.

'" y

" t_>t;f rjy,l'

~ tj~".. E~'~ L .."s,f

~ I..:!)l~ 1..:-,/,( ~ . .;s "I)} t~{

* li,,;'*! ,.')L< w.;J,5..i.~

,

• Ll3l;., u-} ""fS ,,-.Jt~L U)t~

J

• Ll7'~~ J.,':'"

" U~~ J)"" ~ " J.~ ,<,),I} }.< ""'~

75

lit. wheel on which utensils are polished; fig. one that gads about, and hence flighty, silly.

very cloudy.

to sleep free of anxiety (like a dealer who has sold hi. horses).

m., mutual fisticuffs.

to R!JOW joy or gratitude at being successful; (a lamp of v.fJ.i is ignited after obtaining oues desire},

finished and done with, past and gone (of a man); lit. or fig.

to bluster, to show bullying bluster.

a stupid ass

to coil round; vide J:5.,f. the weevil gets ground with the wheat; (i.e. no distinction being made between good and bad).

lit. AL," I don't care"; in Urdu used as an adj. = care-

less; <.:..~ <.S.IL~ f )' subs.

=to curse.

=ditt0.

(said of a woman who is sound and halo after giving birth to a child).

to kick: also to spurn.

~ J;JJ ,_s~~ " Uy.ll. ()jl.< r)~ * lir l_Y

" I.!,..~~I J-j ~ li).Il. )t~ ( ~ '-,,5-' )

~ u)~ 14~ J~ l "lif ._f-t-'i! y4; J~J • li~) J~

" Uy• ),t,--I "A~) L.-J • tif ..,;4>- J; ur.I

~, ~

• f;5 LJ Y v

" ...:it., .1.) 2 • .: 1

U"'/ ~ ....

~ lit.;.. .ll

76

(of reciprocal lalhi play). inseparable.

to become bi rd.Iime , i.e. to stick to a person, not to move.

i., enJ?ity between or amongst, reciprocal enmity.

not being straightforward.

to pursue, be intent on (in [In evil sense).

shrewd, one who sees through a brick-wall; often used ironically,

to glare, fly into a passion. to glare in anger .

one's honour to be preserved; (lali = surlf!_Hu,i).

to use filthy abuse.

to use violent or offensive language of.

to be near death, lit.

accent in speech.

to be near death, worried to death; lit. and met.

struggling together.

a ceaseless string of words.

lit. to be leaded; fig. to be ioaded and done with.

= t;!<!-;> "_;Ij .

I Lam 'kat for laj1wt and /.:a{ir and laura. and kiln.

0) Lachchhii rn. is properlv the per-I of an apple when so peeled that it Is One continuous shred : also = R small shred. of onion. etc.

" l.i.~ J,,< -)IyJ ·l.i.JSI~J

~J

.. li4~~ ..::--'""""- ,I Ijl..9_J

" li.:..l ...... J

77

to seek au t a 'I uarrel , bring

a quarrel on oneself. -

cast out rubies I or sweet worrls : often used ironically for L,lfl_;~j, s-v-

=ljl~4~ .,..1;. q.v,

J

= eJ0y eJLo--,~! ~.r.j .

to put words into the mouth of (one forgetting a word, or saying a wrong word).

to follow in the beaten track; to be the slave of old ous-

toms.

ditto.

to beat the traii of a snake. i.e. shut the door after the steed is stolen.

~J.~ J! about= ~ <-jl";, .

• GtrJ [) .. ljl.'f'~ lit!

" G) ..j4'f'J ,-,/l:J

" G{(I !!ft.! ( c: ._",.uS ) ~ J J..I = ) Gte~ ,I '-.SO

.. .. • lil'~JS J(

• liJ>;.i; ;U • U,.o:- 4.1

"WI> ~.!

• lli.illt o..!' J,~ y'~.!

to have a love intrigue with. vide infra .

lit. to set on fire at one end and extinguish at the other, i.e. to stir up enmity by in trigue, to make mischief.

to love, gen.

to satisfy one's longing.

to wheedle. to die .

lie down at full length [and generally to sleep) .

tell a long story brag.

1 La'l is properly spinel.

>If, ~~ ~)!.iJ

• l.ili...i JL.J ~ _~ (~,

• ' • ...J. yr-

.. )4LJ;I.iJ

, ( Ut~)Jt, 4) uy-'" -.!..lr. '::")1

y ~

* U .... I.!:.:)J ~) -.!..l_,-.S ...::..:)1

.. G!0 I'<f' 0,J • Uw_;, llt)l • ( l,;t:.- 0L-< I.,: ) I..i.it .. Ut_,J *4» l.Jt,_,J • u4- ~...i:;-- L L_,J .. U)U) -=."t,.f L L;'

• ty J~I ..)1; )tl) ·l,;r ~I ,-.An' ( "l,;,5 ".1" J)

/ '-:!.)", .

.. ( ur to) tit;>-;-", J;;,,;,..),)

• ( Gy-'" ~ ) ul;-;-", .)~)y1

.. (L~; ~ 0~ 4) l...tl :'~;y1 .. ( li;l" 1.;) ti45 V)'i'" l;' .HJ

.. u1'"! ,=,..0 ..j )y1 ~ L4; ~)/ ~ L),)

78

met. = lead a celibate life; also to gi rd up t be loins for fight.

a celi bate faq II'.

to squander in poverty .

(Phag is t ne liol') .

intimate friend (who will appear before you wi th only his Zanga! on).

to be restless.

plundering·many places or peopIe .

to use spiced (good, enticing)

words .

(of greaL figbting witb swords) . to admit the superiority of. adj. = hard, strong .

= to perform a difficult task, lit. to disembark a person at

the iron ferry or landing. place; fig. to kill with a sword.

to toil hard.

(expresses fear).

lobe wanting in natural affection; cold, indifferent .

to thirst for one's blood . (expresses the excitation of natural affection) .

(expresses bloodshed).

to bear meekly; (= althougb it is disagreeable to drink drops of blood. still [ did sol.

y .1.;]5 ",It} y"J

* \ill) "t'llt U;'- yyl • lij 1 ~J L • L ~..J .L

• lj) J~) ...::-;r ..ft'" ~ J ~ (;$ i!;' .._,-5 ) • UnJ

"li~ J~J

79

(said hy one who does a very small snare and then claims equality with those that have toiled),

to besmear with blood.

=to slay .

= rebuke .

ad v, altogether, in all (pri marily after making all de· ductions) .

G/ J~ [f, procrastinate .

ditto .

(I have neither to take one from him nor givehim two): having llot,hiug to gain or lose.

= I have no business with him ; (I am neither his debtor nor his creditor).

to nbuse a persons family. (!IwnaknZi, intr., to ring on mctal; lit. to throb, of the head;) fig. it suddenly struck me (from smallmdications).

the fault was wrongly laid to (his) door.

to wander about idly or in distress.

1 nut Ie de-kar=adv. in all, altogether.

" lil~j~ ..\.it_.

• ur.-I ,-(jt" .~y~t.,.

" li) ...::-J ;-. "*U~r-i-!~

• li} Ii Y'~ " u! <.t-'" y~ " ll,.y ~ I~ ~ ~ v ..

~

" U} ..IL,r: Y>-" t.:/ -)

~

~ U) YI;'" y~A

"li4--r JA

~

'" ~~I..).~ -} u=~ (y'-l)

y

*vs~

" j!+! ~J,o .} ....:....v .. ,,~ d...)A

80

enjoy things without trouble, at another' 8 expense; (mam.a = maid-servant).

to fade, lose lustre: also to fail when compared with.

= to become a widow. convex, hog-backed; of horses , roach- backed. '

to take a jaunt (for sigh t-seeiug).

to come to close quarters in fight; also to come face to face unexpectedly .

to gi ve 11 bribe.

to be under the control of.

to try au uupossibility,

to de file the dead; to spoil; to treat with indignity; to undervalue.

ditto.

ditto.

to be ruined; also to be worthless.

infirm, decrepit.

= doleful "";_'~ .,,0;-

ungrateful.

vidcp~ J!......: •

after great difficulty.

= ill vour lif.' and after your death.

.. Uj~+sl •. hJ.l. '-:fs )"l_f

" lir )u.J;L~ br .:::. )..Ji

* v~_'1j;-"

" L, .7'~ Ij)"

'" l;_'S y'; ~~ Y'

• li) '-:f-,.J <::Y

.li) wJL", ._;;.....;;;_~ ;J.~.,.lbJ _r4,1 (EI:~ L,)J...:;;,.< (jl) '" ~.i y.~ ~

• lir ._iL" et;

II

81

LiJ,J ~ '!"' """t"; (not a very polite term).

= >t death -Iike pallor came over (him).

l~1 _'>'~)J'" <-j~, q.v . to sleep vcr_v soundly. fastidious.

= ~~ ,,:?~'y;~, affected and fastidious.

a worthless thing

to die and be effaced; (-par nutr-mitnii = to be sacrificed for). .

to dress wounds,

to ask after a. (well) person's healtln : (but li)' I.S.._,.~ }"!' of

one sick). .

to have a good time with a sweetheart.

to gi ve Scope to pleasure, revel; gen. term.

= l.f J-J""

= you call' t find an other man like him.

no clouds on the horizon; fig the coast is clear.

momentous (of battles, games, arguments).

said \V hen smc lling a bad smell: bkinniinii, tr. and intr., to b,,7.z (of a bee).

to talk much; lit, to make one's brain bar! •.

'" ~~j1~ • li40- j>JC .. lif -jl.O... y. .. ~ l,4' r-: .. u4t- ~ .. (_r. y-s ) .. u_,.Jb ~ t;f <J~" w-l"~

~Vfr~ * u)t.. y;' .. ~~ ~ # ;,;0U ._;;. ..

"Uj~ .. l~ .. ~ d"

"Uj";~ J;'~ "U)~~

82

he wearied [me)

talkinc.

with

ditto .

to he cracked , IIHtd; met , only . to empty one's brain, talk or persuade much.

= LiJl~_:';"IC .

to be sunk in povertv .

to incur some unavoidable expense in poverty, as of a poor Hindu on tbe death of a near relation. (If you add too much water torvour small stock of flour vOli must add more flour to' set matters right).

moonlight after midnight, or a c/Ollti.y night when the dim light. may be mistaken for dawn. (crow, and cocks call at this time, mistakinz it for dawn); also fig. the white beard of old roue.

a skin-flint.

to be idle .

to hate the idea of being under an obligation to anyone: to be independent. .

= to destroy utterly. adventurous: also enterpris-

ing. [etc.),

make 011e late (as for a train,

to chop logic: loagl,arnii, lit. to season with onions and ghi).

ditto.

"U~j 'r'~ "Uj~.,!;~ " ---~ujl.~ *U~y~ .. ~y.ll.r'~

*\ li~ JJ Jit> fl ..... ~~

*l.i»);~ i" ( uylb 4 ) uti .,!~ ;; .y~ l\)1 v4:llylb 4 ,,/L~~ ,.; y~ ,,(L;;'fi~4)

,,~~ "l.i14J~ .. l~~ ,,5 J)'*; 0

• li;.J yJ,'?'" L J,J y~

"

,UWy':

a favourite.

= to be at the point of death . (of the head falling to on~

side). '-

to look ill.

ditto: (indicating a small size with the fingers).

to have thrush in the mouth.

to spea.k rudely to. twilight or dawn.

to make" wry Iuoe .

styled, nominal (not so in reality).

to keep quite silent.

to utter.

= L\J.! J,'J J.' "t->~

t.o have a squill discharged in ones face. i.e, to 100k blank, dismayed.

offensive ill :O:)Iepl'h.

to be sulky.

to speak openly without resper-t for politeness .

to give a plain flat answer, ,

= ull.; "t·'" tu be sulky: (the idea is to stick out the lips like a snout},

to pretend to be well-to-do. (The Lucknow people rub 'Ihi on their lips to pretend they have eaten pilii, 0).

~.l y~ 4) I..il~ ~) L4-<,.l ~t.i~ • ( I..il~ ~; "C.j.!C:.J y~ 4 ) 1S'.0..J y~

.. liT J.G L.. I),) y~ " GT y. ~ ~.l).l L y;i

• G} ~I)' y;i ~ L s: n)'i I)' ~,_i~ (l~S)

• IGL< y~ • li} l'::~ .. '<',_i{

,

" Li.!.J) .}.i! _,..(!J .<....OJ "'.i~ (15' 2_1)

" ( u_.s =l; 4 ) Li.Jy! u~,< "'l""'~ * I..i i .Ii! ''',;t~ ~ ~\.i~

.::. V)I AS L ~0~ ( ~ I)~,< ~ U,ly.

84

abusive.

to be bewildered, lost in astonishment .

[Ex. JJulil! dekhe ki ma~abba! = friendliness to one's face (but not behind one's back)] .

=ISf ~ t, LVI ~t;"', q.v.

(said contemptuously to the young when showing C(\.[Iceit in knowledge or experience).

to disgrace .

= is it as eEtsy as eating a small morsel?

lo take the words out of one's mouth,

to eat one ~s words. to be convicted out of one's own mouth.

lit. to apply the lips to: fig. to make an inferior familiar.

to look foolish when frustrated or disappointed .

demanded, requested .

to gi vc a treat to.

(.0 throw a sop to. t.o spr-nk ,ery 10\\,.

to water (of the mouth Iro n- 1;;lach).

= I haven't thr- hec (0 "peal; to him.

= (0 fill to the brim = (-,JL~ I

"u) w;~y< " liJl.:5 .»: 'yS .:~Jis:j ~ ""y!

4) ~ ~ ;'; r "- .:~) =y" " - 6!, ( £..)r-

" Ly =;,' (~;I )

"~" s ir: ,. L.i...J. )Vt.J R~,~

" liy, )Vt..l ll_y~ • U_,A. JJ ~),I'G

"u) tr" .. JLi ... ) rr:

• liJis:i .. )4")" ( ,_j ~ ) .. yiL..:;,.j y~ ~ -.)~

• '-:fr~ ~t~~ " li_,.Jt.iJ'_;L", I)..I~"

85

a secret warniug said by Sl.iahs of a. Sunni arriving amongst, t.hem ; lit. ,. he is one of them."

hair-split.ung,

out of the hying-pan into t-he fire; also to upbraid in every way that is unpleasant.

you are pla..vil1g with death to-.

to die a Hat ural death; opp. to 1~<.!!.:J'.oL.

coarse, rough (of food or clothes,

= J'~;;::.

to rain cats and dogs; (lit. streams of pestles).

ditto .

to be soft-hearted.

to soften another's heart.

weak, easily led . to beat to a jelly .

said of a small ch i Id of a dead person.

m., Pretty Polly (of a parrot): also one that learns like a l'",r[ot: also one that praises himself.

a primary schoolmaster; often contemptuous,

a wolf in sheep's clothing.

the coast is clear: there are no obstacles in the way also no decent people are left in the field, fig.

1ft" (~, ~j;, l,.#- Y.-~ • !!... ill..,

.. ll~~ x,'< ~ u es !helii. ) ., liljf !!...Jj,~

*lil~ <.;'U " li.~r I!I;"'U >jo (~lj;, )Jli 4) ..soJ} )oJU} .. rh ~l;;:;oJu "l.;l".~ vt! .. l.iflj )Y"'u

"'Jul.:l~ .. JU y.- ~j~ .. ...ru )1J ~

.. lj~ w;"_;)1 uU

~ liUt_ft- Vy-! u lj .. l.itS ~~() r <,,)f': uli • lil.,. r£ l~I~.!~ U U

.. l.i,:.l.,}) _.; JU ~ lir ,~t fl JU .. u,oJ .d,~: 6.i Y.;:"" ,'i uU • li'..'l.* ulj

86

declined with thanks .

fairs and shows; also crowded places.

fig. to set people by the ears for fun, make them quarrel through mere mischief.

fig. to lead a person a dance. to pare or cut the nails.

misrule.

an order that must be obeyed .

= l;l~:~ ._.,..EL.:1:....., q.v.

to wound the feelings deeply .

f., a thin fine nose,

a hig swollen-looking nose. aquiline nose with a bump in the

bridge.

to be honoured (Opp. to li.tf ...sU to he disgraced).

to frown .

to speak crossly.

to be flat-no-ed . (pa"!lii wheel) .

to pay 1lp (expresses contempt; as to a dun).

to IJe hot-tempered,

1'irl(' under ,-!*~A . to frown.

.. I..;y. J~ t>' JI..; ( ..j ~ ) ~ ( ly:;1 4. ) l.iJ~ J I..; 1 "lil15 Jlj

• li1s Jli " li_,.<t y'\ Jli * lib u~~ 4JI).}!:- ..j Jli

• li.JS .._;-tf J U "lily, u~,.Jli

4. liT l,) l}'7'-1 ~J u~" Jli *(Uy.

~ li) rJ u~" JU .."s..l .u._rU (u~·· s: ~ y_S) ~ t;t~

• ~J _.,~ JU u,Sli " lil<!~1 it.;

87

I'll force him La eat gram with his nose, i.e I'll give him a b~d time, make him sorry for himself.

= L~s') C!J_:-; 1.0 preserve one's honour .

to be It Invonrito with.

to disgrace,

tu allow one's "elf to be disgraced .

to he disgmced.

ditto.

to follow one's nose; a.lso=as the crow flies.

to ru b onc ' s nose! i.e, express gl'8ai humility, eat dirt.

ditto.

to speak through onc 's nose (as opiuui-smokere and opium-caters arc said to do).

to be greatly worried.

to worry another much. passivo : not to be able to put one's nose inside, i.e.uot to be able to endure the stench uf.

cram with fnod .

one's name to be bandied about. to become notorious.

1 A womants nose is cnt off for infidelity.

to gi ve a person a bad name unjustly.

,

• l;),.5 rt;

1>'10.110.1 ~'-! l~) U} ~:) rli (141) " ( U) 1:)1;,)) .lj

" ( lj~ l:. l;,1 ) oJ j :li " ( li_;l 10.1,.; l!. ) Y (li .. Ul;o-} (U

.. (JI L rU ~ ) f iU "Ut0 il> ( I>' y_' ) • Li.~ (l> • l;~ J.G (l>

• "- ,,,Y 'il •.

l ~!)..1 l; l.U.~ 4 ) liJ ."~ ._j.:A-!-'

* (u)k, h;l~ t,

• l>ytt. (oJ ,f" u_,..i~

" l;;1 yiti;

88

to give a child a name : also to nickname lin dislike}; to vilify.

to dest roy one'» cood name .

to make a name for oneself.

nominated; also hetrathed.

to make a name for oneself .

ditto and die: leave a good reputation b~bind one .

nominally.

to accuse falsel ..... of.

to mention .

to become notorious , a bve-

word.

(niini, maternal grandmother) : ,l;l.S'w ~;~J)L.o )L.o ..,..\3, -.r.r-> ~ .. ~~lt'?- r ,t, ,,)" Is'.}.,~ 1,) ..,-4l~r

= as helpless as a chiid. ;

the pulse to cease he,;tting (at or near death).

expresses prostitution: as a nose-ringis a.signof virginity, (There is a ceremony of iuitiation for a girl first becoming a prostitute).

= ups and downs,

1 A child in diatrces calls on its na~lt-even if ite mother is beating it.

• G,,,, ~~; L.:;;J .. t;_r> \!If'" (..:;;j

* LiSt".. '-rl:..aj ., ~t.i"':1.l ~~..aj ,

• l.i.l~ 4 lil~ J,,\ ~~..aj

If ljyJ ,,;-,~.aj ~ u)'lt ~ .... =..a.i

.. (j~fr .fl.Jb ( y'.i.~1 )

• ( li)f 4 ) li):;i C ),;j • ( li.J l,) li)1 C );'j

.. l;J;.j to ) ),j5.Jl\j • li J;:J ~,l\j

• ( l\~ JJl 4. ) t.i.!,j .. f· u))b

• ( y.!'~'" ~ i = ) y"".o.i l-ii • 1y.....2..i~

89

to speak nrlectedly (in a haw. damme \"oay 1 01' as certain ~iawlavi" do).

= uJ,1 t.;;:..i lit. and met. ouie U, ... <.Sip ..,;"'~';'.

= ~f L;;.; hiram. = to run awa.y like an antelope.

introduces an unpleasant topic, vide Hind. Mon., p. 226 (4).

Compare also dL\.Z.._\ y )'~ and l:).':;;'~ L ~f.

to be unlucky in any special thing.

= LSI~ ""'-:" vide I~I '-;'""~:'.

of one's luck fighling for one.

to fall to the luck of.

to t.ake the eye or fancy of (of a thing or person}: to be an object of envy (in bad sense).

to make an object of envy .

to remove from favour .

to lose favour with; fall in

the estimation of. the evil-eye = .>; {"'4-.

to cast the evi I-eye on. to judge'. at sigbt.

selfishness of a number, a race for self .

ditto.

I There is an Qa(}i,! that, on the Day of -Iudgment , all except Muhammed will cry out naje-i nafs·i "myself. myself." But. the Prop hef wi1l BUY 1/mmat·i ummat-; ,. my people, my peoplo."

12

~~...) gpj * lit..,. y" ~)LOj (...::.-~~)

.lj_,.Jt..,.,Tf~

• lj~ y!z, ~.~s>J~ ~j • t;)~ ~j * tit J;- ._5.j " "-~I

~- ~

I .. Li_;r. ; 8.; _:~-~>J

• ,-,,-,_).J .:::. 8.t-<- ... ~ 4 ) illG ;> ~.7~ ~.7oP. J.; .. ( L,l(; ~.s ~-";

• t.;.}~ 1-> 1 c-~!:t... IS' ~ • lj If! '[;.1'" J..,.; 4 ) ur J.;. _'""'; L .;......_,.jtl; .. ( uy,

" __ (jj.itoJ __ (i;

.. oJ Ij :"L< I::';.;

90

ad,'. =&~~ .s~ 2> publicly. the belly to become a drum Irom drinking.

to be struck with astonishment ; gen. also to be staggered.

weaving ropes of sand .

indelible .

to deface, mar.

disdainful; also ill- tempered. f., a vein ill the nose; (naks r

pltfi!nii. to bleed at the nose},

= not to be in the least iujured ee l~ri I~. J~.

(lit. with cut nose) notoriously disgraced .

from tup to toe.

lit. may (my) salt that he has eaten burst out on him in leprous spots: a curse for treachery.

it ,en-ant, dependant.

to be fai thful. vide l,l(! l';)'" d_,J.

to be absorbed in money-getting ; to be wretched in trvina to get wealth.'

stark-nuked.

dit.to,

J The story is t hut H poor person got ninetv-niue rupees and became wretched in t.rv-inrr to make it into 100. rid~ Fallon's Hind. Proverbs.