FOR SERVICE TRAINING

AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION
(AW03-72LE)

ISUZU MOTORS LIMITED

 AW03-72LE Automatic Transmission-1

MAIN DATA & SPECIFICATION

Model AW03-72LE
Torque Converter Type Three Elements, One Stage & Two Phase Type with Lock-up Function
ATF Name ATF DEXRON II or III
Quantity Approximately 6.5L
Cooling System Water Cooled Type (Radiator)
st
Gear Ratio 1 2.826
nd
2 1.493
rd
3 1.000
th
4 (Over Drive) 0.688
Reverse 2.703
Clutch One-way Clutch No. 1 F-1 18 Number of Sprag
One-way Clutch No. 2 F-2 26
Over Drive One-way Clutch F-0 20
Friction Element Forward Clutch C-1 4 Number of Disc
Direct Clutch C-2 3
Over Drive Direct Clutch C-0 2
Second Coast Brake B-1 2
Second Brake B-2 3
First & Reverse Brake B-3 5
Over Drive Brake B-0 3
 AW03-72LE Automatic Transmission-2

SYSTEM DIAGRAM

7. Electrical Source 1. Transmission Control Module 3. 5. Meter

(TCM)

-CHECK TRANS Indicator Lamp

-Ignition Voltage -Speedometer
-Battery

6. Engine

8. Brake Pedal

-Brake Switch 2. Transmission

-Throttle Position Sensor

4. Select Lever
9. Data Link Connector (DLC)

-Inhibitor Switch
-Vehicle Speed Sensor (SP1)
-Vehicle Speed Sensor (SP2)
-Shift Solenoid (S1 & S2)
-Lock-up Solenoid (S3)
-Over Drive Switch

Vehicle Speed Sensor (SP1) Detects output shaft revolution seed and send signal to TCM and
speedometer.
Vehicle Speed Sensor (SP2) Detects output shaft revolution seed and send signal to TCM.
Throttle Position Sensor Detects injection pump lever operating angle and send signal to TCM.
Input

Inhibitor Switch Detects select lever position and send signal to TCM.
Over Drive Switch Detects overdrive request switch selected by driver and send signal to
TCM.
Brake Switch Detects brake pedal operated by driver and send signal to TCM.
TCM Judges necessary line pressure, gear shifting point and lock-up operation
based on electrical signals from switches and sensors and send
appropriate signals to solenoids.
Shift Solenoid (S1 & S2) Selects appropriate gear shifting position for current driving condition
based on signal from TCM.
Output

Lock-up Solenoid (S3) Regulates lock-up pressure for current driving condition based on signal
from TCM.
CHECK TRANS Indicator Lamp Indicates CHECK TRANS indicator lamp in case of malfunction.
 AW03-72LE Automatic Transmission-3

LOCATION & OPERATION OF CLIUTCH, BRAKE, ONE-WAY CLUTCH AND SOLENOID

C0: Over Drive Direct Clutch

C1: Forward Clutch
C2: Direct Clutch
B0: Over Drive Brake
B1: Second Coast Brake
B2: Second Brake
B3: First & Reverse Brake
F0: Over Drive One-way Clutch
F1: One-way Clutch (No. 1)
F2: One-way Clutch (No. 2)

Select Gear Gear Lock- Clutch Brake One-way Clutch Solenoid

Lever Position Shift up
Position
C-0 C-1 C-2 B-0 B-1 B-2 B-3 F-0 F-1 F-2 S1 S2 S3
P - O O
R - O O O O O
N - O O
st
D 1 O O O O O
nd
2 O O O O O O O
rd
3 O O O O O O O O
th
4 (O/D) O O O O O O
st
2 1 O O O O O
nd
2 O O O O O O O O
rd
3 O O O O O O
st
L 1 O O O O O O
nd
2 O O O O O O O O
rd
3 O O O O O O
 AW03-72LE Automatic Transmission-4

CONTENTS OF FUNCTION & CONTROL

Item Description
Gear Shift Control The TCM issues a shift solenoid drive signal based on the inhibitor switch, vehicle
speed and throttle opening. And, the TCM control shift schedule according to the
preset shift map.
rd th
In order to prevent engine over running, the TCM achieves up shift control 3 to 4
when the vehicle speed is more than 110km/h even over drive (O/D) is tuned off. It
th rd
will return 4 to 3 when the vehicle speed is less than 100km/h.

Lock-up Control The lock-up solenoid adjusts the pressure based on the signal from the TCM
according to the vehicle speed, throttle opening, select lever position based on the
preset lock-up point to control the lock-up.
The lock-up is disengaged when the throttle is closed or brake pedal is depressed.
st rd
Squat Control At garage shift, shift to the 1 gear sequentially after shifting into the 3 gear first to
improve the garage shift shock.

Fail-safe Function In case of malfunction of sensors, solenoid, TCM automatically begins fail-safe control
to minimize effects on driving.

Self-diagnosis Function Parts required for controlling the automatic transmission are provided with a self-
diagnosis function. When any trouble occurs, the CHECK TRANS indicator lamp
blinks to warm the driver. The trouble code is memorized into the TCM.

SHIFT SOLENOID FAIL-SAFE FUNCTION

Select Normal Solenoid S1 Malfunction Solenoid S2 Malfunction S1& S2 Malfunction
Lever
S1 S2 Gear S1 S2 Gear S1 S2 Gear S1 S2 Gear
Position
Position Position Position Position
st rd st th
D O 1 X O 3 O X 1 X X 4 (O/D)
nd rd th th
O O 2 X O 3 X 4 (O/D) X X 4 (O/D)
rd rd th th
O 3 X O 3 X 4 (O/D) X X 4 (O/D)
th th th th
4 (O/D) X 4 (O/D) X 4 (O/D) X X 4 (O/D)
st rd st rd
2 O 1 X O 3 O X 1 X X 3
nd rd rd rd
O O 2 X O 3 X 3 X X 3
rd rd rd rd
O 3 X O 3 X 3 X X 3
st rd st rd
L O 1 X 3 O X 1 X X 3
nd rd st rd
O O 2 X 3 O X 1 X X 3
 AW03-72LE Automatic Transmission-5

TCM PIN ASSIGNMENT

TCM voltage check is done to check for transmission
and TCM problems which cannot be detected by self-
diagnosis. Additionally, it severs as a back-up check
for self-diagnosis.
Measure the voltage drop and make a continuity test
for each of sensors, solenoids and switches. If the
voltage is within the specified range and continuity
exists, that particular area of the TCM and
transmission assembly is normal. If voltage deviation
or lack of continuity is discovered, disconnect the
applicable parts and check of them individually.

Pin Pin Name Input / Connected to Measurement Standard

Output Condition
1 L Range Switch Input Inhibitor Switch At L range 10 – 15 volts

Other than L range Less than 1 volt

2 2 Range Switch Input Inhibitor Switch At 2 Range 10 – 15 Volts

Other than 2 range Less than 1 volt

3 N Range Switch Input Inhibitor Switch At N Range 10 – 15 volts

Other than N range Less than 1 volt

4 Not Used - - - -

5 Not Used - - - -

6 Vehicle Speed Sensor (SP1) Input Vehicle Speed At run in L range in Pulse generated
st
Sensor (SP1) 1 gear 20km/h (Approximately 5.6
volts by AC range)
7 Not Used - - - -

8 Throttle Position Sensor Ground - Throttle Position - Continuity with

Sensor ground
9 Over Drive Off Switch Input O/D Off Switch Switch depressed 10 – 15 volts
(Over Drive ON)
Switch not depressed Less than 1 volt
(Over Drive OFF)
10 Keyword 2000 Serial Data Input / Data Link Connector - -
Communication Output No. 7
 AW03-72LE Automatic Transmission-6

Pin Pin Name Input / Connected to Measurement Standard

Output Condition
11 Lock-up Solenoid Output Lock-up Solenoid At lock-up 10 – 15 volts

Other than lock-up Less than 1 volt

nd rd
12 Shift Solenoid S2 Output Shift Solenoid S2 At 2 , 3 gear 10 – 15 volts

st th
At 1 , 4 gear Less than 1 volt

st nd
13 Shift Solenoid S1 Output Shift Solenoid S1 At 1 , 2 gear 10 – 15 volts

rd th
At 3 , 4 gear Less than 1 volt

14 Brake Switch Input Brake Switch Pedal depressed 10 – 15 volts

Pedal released Less than 1 volt

15 Not Used - - - -

16 Not Used - - - -

17 Not Used - - - -

18 Throttle Position Sensor Signal Input Throttle Position Pedal released (Idle Approximately 0.45
Sensor position) volts
Pedal fully depressed Approximately 3.50
(WOT) volts
19 Check Trans Indicator Lamp Output CHECK TRANS Lamp turned ON Less than 1 volt
Indicator Lamp
Lamp turned OFF 10 – 15 volts

20 Throttle Position Sensor Voltage Output Throttle Position Ignition switch ON Approximately 5 volts
Supply Sensor
21 Diagnosis Request Switch Input Data Link Connector - -
No. 11
22 Vehicle Speed Sensor (SP2) High Input Vehicle Speed At run in L range in Pulse generated
st
Sensor (SP2) 1 gear 20km/h (Approximately 0.48
by AC range)
23 Vehicle Speed Sensor (SP2) Low Input Vehicle Speed Ignition switch OFF Approximately 370
Sensor (SP2) and measure pins 22 ohms
and 23
24 Ground - Body Ground - Continuity with
ground
25 Battery Voltage Supply Input Battery All time 10 – 15 volts

26 Ignition Voltage Supply Input Ignition Switch Ignition Switch ON 10 – 15 volts

 AW03-72LE Automatic Transmission-7

CHECK TRANS INDICATOR LAMP

"CHECK TRANS" is ON during 3 seconds at key
CHECK switch ON position. When trouble has occurred to
TRANS electrical components, "CHECK TRANS" lamp is
blinked (1.25 Hz) even during driving to warn the
driver. The trouble is recorded by trouble code in
TCM. When temporary trouble code has been
canceled, the "CHECK TRANS" lamp stops blinking.
This blinking can be stopped by setting the key off.
But the trouble code remains memorized in TCM.

Key SW ON 0.4 sec.

ON Abnormal (DTC Stored)

OFF Normal

3 sec. 3.2 sec. 0.4 sec.

(Lamp Check)

SELF-DIAGNOSIS CODE (FLASH CODE) DISPLAY

0.4Sec.
Indication Method:
„ Terminal No. 11 and No. 4 or 5 (ground) of data
link connector are short circuited.
Normal „ Turn the key switch to the ON position.
„ In case no trouble code existence, "CHECK
3.2Sec. 0.4Sec. TRANS" lamp is blinked (1.25 Hz).
„ In case the plural trouble codes have occurred at
a time, each code are indicated three times in
0.4Sec. 0.4Sec.
numerical order.

Trouble Code (32) Trouble Code Clear Method:

If you have Tech 2:
3.2Sec. 1.2Sec. 3.2Sec. Follow the procedure instructed on the Tech 2.

Self-diagnosis Start Note:

If you clear the DTC you will not be able to read any
codes recorded during the last occurrence. To use
the DTC again to identify a problem, you will need to
reproduce the fault or the problem. This may require
a new test drive or just turning the key switch on (this
depends on the nature of the fault).
 AW03-72LE Automatic Transmission-8

DIAGNOSIS WITH TECH 2

Getting Started
1 Before operating the Isuzu PCMCIA card with the
Tech 2, the following steps must be performed:
1. The PCMCIA card (1) inserts into the Tech 2 (5).
2. Connect the SAE 16/19 adapter (3) to the DLC
5 cable (4).
3. Connect the DLC cable to the Tech 2 (5).
4. Make sure the ignition switch is OFF.
2 5. Connect the Tech 2 SAE 16/19 (3) adapter to the
vehicle data link connector (DLC).
3 4
6. Turn the ignition ON and press the “PWR” key of
the Tech 2.
7. Verify the Tech 2 power up display.

Operating Procedure
1. Press Enter at start screen.
2. Select “F0 Diagnostic” then press Enter.
3. Select the appropriate vehicle identification.
4. Select “F0 Powertrain” then press Enter.
5. Select “AW03-72LE”.
The following table shows, which functions are used
the available equipment version.
F0: Diagnostic Trouble Codes
F0: Diagnostic Trouble Codes
F0: Read DTC Info By Priority
The purpose of the "Diagnostic Trouble Codes"
F1: Read DTC Info As Stored By ECU
mode is to display stored trouble code in the TCM.
F2: Clear DTC Information
When "Clear DTC Information" is selected, a "Clear
DTC Information", warning screen appears. This
F1: Data Display
screen informs you that by cleaning DTC's "all stored
DTC information in the TCM will be erased".
F2: Snapshot
F1: Data Display
F3: Miscellaneous Tests
The purpose of the "Data Display" mode is to
F0: Lamps
continuously monitor data parameters.
F0: Check Light Test
The current actual values of all important sensors
F1: Solenoids
and signals in the system are display through F1
F0: Solenoid 2-3 Test
mode.
F1: Solenoid 1-2/3-4 Test
F2: TCC Solenoid Test
F2: Snapshot
"Snapshot" allows you to focus on making the
condition occur, rather than trying to view all of the
data in anticipation of the fault.
The snapshot will collect parameter information
around a trigger point that you select.

F3: Miscellaneous Test

The purpose of "Miscellaneous Test" mode is to
check for correct operation of electronic system
actuators.
„ Check Light Test
The purpose of this test is for checking whether
the CHECK TRANS indicator lamp is operated
when it commanded ON. Faulty circuit(s) or
opened bulb could be considered when not
operating with commanded ON.
 AW03-72LE Automatic Transmission-9

„ Solenoid 2-3 Test

The purpose of this test for checking whether the
shift solenoid S1 is operated when it commanded
ON/OFF. Faulty shift solenoid S1 could be
considered that does not create clicking noise
(solenoid operating noise), interrupted noise or
abnormal noise when commanded ON.

„ Solenoid 1-2/3-4 Test

The purpose of this test for checking whether the
shift solenoid S2 is operated when it commanded
ON/OFF. Faulty shift solenoid S2 could be
considered that does not create clicking noise
(solenoid operating noise), interrupted noise or
abnormal noise when commanded ON.

„ TCC Solenoid Test

The purpose of this test for checking whether the
lock-up solenoid S3 is operated when it
commanded ON/OFF. Faulty lock-up solenoid S3
could be considered that does not create clicking
noise (solenoid operating noise), interrupted noise
or abnormal noise when commanded ON.
 AW03-72LE Automatic Transmission-10

TYPICAL SCAN DATA

Tech 2 Parameter Units At P At L At 2 At D Definitions
Displayed range / range / range / range /
engine vehicle vehicle vehicle
idle speed 20 speed 20 speed 40
km/h / km/h / km/h /
tires tires tires
freely freely freely
rotated rotated rotated
st nd st st nd th
Current Gear 1 /2 / 1 1 2 4 This parameter displays the gear
rd th
3 /4 / position status commanded by the
rd
3 L-Up / TCM. The TCM control shift schedule
th
4 L-Up according to the preset shift map.

Vehicle Speed (Output Km/h / 0 Nearly 20 Nearly 20 Nearly 40 This parameter indicates the vehicle
Side) MPH km/h km/h km/h speed calculated by the TCM based
on input from the vehicle speed
sensor (SP2) to the TCM 22 terminal.
The Tech 2 will display a high value at
higher vehicle speeds, and low value
at lower vehicle speed.

AT Output Speed RPM 0 Nearly Nearly Nearly This parameter indicates the output
(Automatic 810 RPM 810 RPM 1620 shaft speed calculated by the TCM
Transmission Side RPM based on input from the vehicle
speed sensor (SP2) to the TCM 22
terminal. The Tech 2 will display a
high value at higher vehicle speeds,
and low value at lower vehicle speed.

Vehicle Speed (Meter Km/h / 0 Nearly 20 Nearly 20 Nearly 40 This parameter indicates the vehicle
Signal) MPH km/h km/h km/h speed calculated by the TCM based
on input from the vehicle speed
sensor (SP1) to the TCM 6 terminal.
The Tech 2 will display a high value at
higher vehicle speeds, and low value
at lower vehicle speed.

Throttle Position
% 0 Approx. Approx. Approx. This parameter display the angle of
34% 11% 10% the accelerator pedal connected to
the pump lever as calculated by the
TCM using the signal input from the
throttle position sensor. The throttle
position indicated angle is a range of
value indicating a low percentage
when the accelerator pedal is not
depressed to a high percentage when
the accelerator pedal is fully
depressed.

Throttle Position Volts Approx. Approx. Approx. Approx. This parameter displays the voltage
Sensor 0.44 Volts 1.61 Volts 0.98 Volts 0.94 Volts signal input to the TCM 18 terminal
from the throttle position sensor.
Throttle position sensor is a range of
values indicating a low voltage when
the accelerator pedal is not
depressed to a high voltage when the
accelerator pedal is fully depressed.

Brake Switch Open 0V / Open 0V Open 0V Open 0V Open 0V This parameter displays the input
Closed status of the brake switch to the TCM
12V 14 terminal. The Tech 2 will display
Open 0V or Closed 12V. Closed 12V
indicates the brake pedal is
depressed and stoplight comes ON.
 AW03-72LE Automatic Transmission-11

Tech 2 Parameter Units At P At L At 2 At D Definitions

Displayed range / range / range / range /
engine vehicle vehicle vehicle
idle speed 20 speed 20 speed 40
km/h / km/h / km/h /
tires tires tires
freely freely freely
rotated rotated rotated

-N- Switch Open / Open Open Open Open This parameter displays the input
Closed status of the neutral position switch to
the ECM 3 terminal. The Tech 2 will
display Open or Closed. Closed
indicates the N position switch is ON
position (actual position).

-2- Switch Open / Open Open Closed Open This parameter displays the input
Closed status of the 2 range position switch
to the ECM 2 terminal. The Tech 2 will
display Open or Closed. Closed
indicates the 2 position switch is ON
position (actual position).

-L- Switch Open / Open Closed Open Open This parameter displays the input
Closed status of the L range position switch
to the ECM 1 terminal. The Tech 2 will
display Open or Closed. Closed
indicates the L position switch is ON
position (actual position).

Check Light Active 0V / Inactive Inactive Inactive Inactive This parameter displays the CHECK
Inactive 12V 12V 12V 12V TRANS indicator lamp status
12V commanded by the TCM. The Tech 2
will display Active 0V or Inactive 12V.
Active 0V indicates the TCM
commanded to turn ON the CHECK
TRANS indicator lamp.

Solenoid 2-3 Inactive 0V Active Active Active Inactive This parameter displays the shift
/ Active 12V 12V 12V 0V solenoid S1 status commanded by
12V the TCM. Active 12V indicates the
TCM commanded to energize the
solenoid. The TCM control shift
schedule according to the preset shift
st nd
map. At 1 , 2 gear the TCM
commands to energize the shift
solenoid S1.

Solenoid 1-2/3-4 Inactive 0V Inactive Inactive Active Inactive This parameter displays the shift
/ Active 0V 0V 12V 0V solenoid S2 status commanded by
12V the TCM. Active 12V indicates the
TCM commanded to energize the
solenoid. The TCM control shift
schedule according to the preset shift
nd rd
map. At 2 , 3 gear the TCM
commands to energize the shift
solenoid S2.

TCC Solenoid (Torque Inactive 0V Inactive Inactive Inactive Inactive This parameter displays the lock-up
Converter Clutch) / Active 0V 0V 0V 0V solenoid S3 status commanded by
12V the TCM. Active 12V indicates the
TCM commanded to energize the
lock-up solenoid. The TCM control
torque converter clutch operation
according to the preset lock-up map.
At lock-up area the TCM commands
to energize the lock-up solenoid S3.
 AW03-72LE Automatic Transmission-12

DIAGNOSITC TROUBLE CODE (DTC) TABLE

Trouble Flash Pattern DTC
Code
11 Vehicle Speed Sensor 2

21 Throttle Position Sensor Out Of Range

24 Vehicle Speed Sensor 1

31 Shift Solenoid S1

32 Shift Solenoid S2

33 Shift Solenoid S3

REFERENCE WAVE FORM

 AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION(AW03-72LE) 7A-41

WIRING DIAGRAM

MAIN
EB-3
60A
8B/R

P-1
BATT
IGN STOP ROOM
P-6 E-10
EB-2
40A 10A
3W 0.5G/W
30B/Y

3W/B
SW ; STARTER
5B/Y

9B/Y

ACC
P-8 P-9 P-7 TURN,BACK
1 B C-5
ER-16
P-7 : EARTH ; BODY 15A
IG 3 3B/Y 0.85R/B 19 0.85R/B
P-8 : EARTH ; FRAME ER-16 H-1
P-9 : EARTH ; ENGINE METER
C-1
ST 10A
0.5Y 14 0.5Y
H-3
ENGINE
C-2
15A
0.85B/Y

CHECK TRANS

2W
METER
0.85B/Y I-4
ACG (IG)
13

0.5O/B
FUEL CUT
3 12 10
H-2 H-1
H-9
0.85B/Y

0.5B
0.5G/W

0.5O/B
0.5G/W
0.5B/Y

25 26 19
B-14 B-14 B-14
+B IG CHK

TCM
GND DG1 DG
B-14 B-14 B-14
24 21 10
0.5Y/G
0.5B

0.5B
0.5G/W

0.5Y/B
0.5B

0.5B

0.5B

4 5 7
DIAG.CONN.
B-13 B-13 B-13

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

B-13 B-13
1.25B

11 16

0.85B 0.5B
EARTH ; E/R (LH) B-9
1.25B
0.5B/P
EARTH ; E/R (RH) ER-11
7A-42 AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION(AW03-72LE)

WIRING DIAGRAM

0.5G/W

4 0.85R/B
H-6

0.85R/B

0.5G/W
0.5Y

10 6 1
I-3 TE-4 ER-13

SW ; STOP LAMP
1.4W

INHIBITOR SW E
OD OFF IND

RB N 2B LB
I-3 TE-4 TE-4 TE-4 TE-4 ER-13
9 8 10 4 5 2
0.5O/L

5
H-1
0.85R/Y

0.5P/G

0.5P/B
0.5P/L
0.5O/L

0.5G/Y

0.5G/Y
8 3 2 1
1
H-6 H-6 H-6 H-6
B-19
(SELECT LEVER)
SW ; OD OFF

0.5O/L

BACK UP LAMP

STOP LAMP
0.5P/G

0.5P/B
0.5P/L

B-19
5
0.5B

9 3 2 1 14
B-14 B-14 B-14 B-14 B-14
OD1 N 2B LB BK

TCM (SP2G)
Vt+ Vth Vt- SP1 SP2+ SP2- S1 S2 S3
B-14 B-14 B-14 B-14 B-14 B-14 B-14 B-14 B-14
20 18 8 6 22 23 13 12 11
0.5L/B

0.5BR/W

0.5BR/R
0.5BR/B
0.5P/W
0.5P

13 14 15 6 7 8 9 10 11
H-5 H-5 H-5 H-5 H-5 H-5 H-5 H-5 H-5
0.5R/W
0.5R/G

0.5Y/L

0.5L/B

0.5P

0.5BR/W

0.5BR/R
0.5BR/B

1
VEHICLE SPEED SENSOR

1 2 3 1
TE-11 TE-11 TE-11 TE-1 TE-3
OUT 1 2 3
(MISSION)
SP2

TE-2 TE-2 TE-2

SHIFT SOL.1

SHIFT SOL.2

L-UP SOL.

THROTTLE POSITION SENSOR TE-1 TE-3

T/M WIRE

(INJ PUMP) 2 2
0.5B/P

16
H-5
3 7
H-3 H-9
Throttle Angle (%)
D Range
2 to 1 1 to 2 3 to 2 2 to 3 4 to 3 3 to 4
100

95

90

85

80

75

70

65

60

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110
Vehicle Speed (km/h)
Throttle Angle (%)
Lock-up
3 OFF 3 ON 4 OFF 4 ON
100

95

90

85

80

75

70

65

60

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110
Vehicle Speed (km/h)
Throttle Angle (%)
2 Range
2 to 1 1 to 2 3 to 2 2 to 3
100

95

90

85

80

75

70

65

60

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110
Vehicle Speed (km/h)
Throttle Angle (%)
L Range
2 to 1 3 to 2
100

95

90

85

80

75

70

65

60

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110

Vehcile Speed (km/h)