Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Tipuri de substantive
1. Substantive comune
2. Substantive proprii
Exemple:
- fiinte: man, woman, grandmother, teacher, brother, pupil, doctor, nurse
- obiecte (lucruri): pencil, school, car, hotel, medicine, shop, power, health
Exemple:
- nume de familie si prenume: Ewing, Brown, Sawyer, John, Mary, Helen
- nume de munti: Alps, Himalaya, Everest
- nume de orase: Bucharest, Paris, Venice
- nume de tari: France, Italy, Croatia
- nume de ape: Mississippi, Danube, Thames
B. Genul substantivelor
1. Genul masculin (care se inlocuiesc cu pronumele personal he)
C. Numarul substantivelor
Substantivele pot fi la singular sau la plural.
Formarea pluralului:
a) pluralul cu "-s"
Exemple:
a dog ---> two dogs
a school ---> two schools
a car ---> two cars
a book ---> two books
b) pluralul cu "-es" (pentru substantivele care au terminatia in -s, -x, -z, -ch,
-sh)
Exemple:
a bus ---> two buses
a fax ---> two faxes
a church ---> two churches
Atentie:
a tomato ---> two tomatoes
a potato ---> two potatoes
dar
radio ---> radios
photo ---> photos
Exemple:
lady ---> ladies
baby ---> babies
fly ---> flies
dar:
day ---> days
boy ---> boys
Reguli:
- pentru substantivele care se termina in y precedat de o consoana, pluralul se
va face in -ies
- pentru substantivele care se termina in y precedat de o vocala, pluralul se va
face in -s
Exemple:
leaf ---> leaves
calf ---> calves
shelf ---> shelves
wife ---> wives
wolf ---> wolves
Exceptii:
chief ---> chiefs
proof ---> proofs
belief ---> beliefs
e) pluralele neregulate
Exemple:
child ---> children
man ---> men
woman ---> women
foot ---> feet
goose ---> geese
mouse ---> mice
tooth ---> teeth
Exemple:
deer (cerb)
duck (rata)
sheep (oaie)
trout (pastrav)
fish (peste)
fruit (fructe)
Exemple:
advice (sfat)
baggage (bagaj)
luggage (bagaje)
information (informatii)
furniture (mobila)
people (oameni)
crowd (multime)
police (politie)
Exemple:
the Browns
the Johnsons
the Thompsons
D. Substantive compuse
Exemple:
classroom
schoolboy
schoolgirl
blackboard
dining-room
breakfast
Exercitii:
1. Alcatuiti pluralul urmatoarelor substantive:
table --->
clock --->
leaf --->
gentleman --->
baby --->
tooth --->
friend --->
city --->
life --->
chief --->
dining, bird, school, class, kinder, mate, room, boy, father, black, book, girl,
board, living, garden, note, exercise, parents, grand.