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wuDzDxl'D;w>wJt*Rwz.

The Golden Lotus and


Other Stories
wuDzDxl'D;w>wJt*Rwz.
The Golden Lotus and Other Stories (Karen version)

Drum Publication Group


P.O Box 66
Kanchanaburi, 71000
Thailand

drum@drumpublications.org
www.drumpublications.org

vgysKR< 2747 unDeH.


December, 2008
ISBN 978-974-613-115-5
II
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○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

10
tkoPT
o dv :o tItexjBtPF

tI pH;0JwbszD gwH>pDRxl’;D tzdr.k zd< rk.o’gtd.qd;0JvXo


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11
tkoPT
o dv :o tItexjBtPF
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12
tkoPT
o dv :o tItexjBtPF
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13
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o dv :o tItexjBtPF
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14
tkoPT
o dv :o tItexjBtPF
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’ftrR0Jtod;/ M.wd>eD.zH;CmtDRvXoko;ylReDIIIIIII

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

15
tkoPT
o dv :o tItexjBtPF

tI pH;0JwbsyD RS ’Dy>k 0J>rk.td.0JoX*RvDRI trd>ty>oHo’.uGmH


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wbDIII/

16
tkoPT
o dv :o tItexjBtPF
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17
tkoPT
o dv :o tItexjBtPF
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18
tkoPT
o dv :o tItexjBtPF
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○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

19
tkoPT
o dv :o tItexjBtPF

li ysXRM.ySRzD.S zd,mzdt’Dzrd >d td.cH*R’D;t0Jo.h b.uJ


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vJ R w>tcgvX usJ M.uvHRrk>vDR<
vyDwD>w> tCd

20
tkoPT
o dv :o tItexjBtPF
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rh>obsK.tyORwuxdb;’D;wX.b.0JvXw>u
22
tkoPT
o dv :o tItexjBtPF
[H;pDRbDzs;t&ht*D>M.vDRI ‘D;0h>cd.w*RtHRtX.vDRtDRvDRI 0h>cd.M.[H;0J
pDRbDzs;t&hvX[k.M>bDzs;tCd’;k vDRtDRqlCmd ylRvDRI
zJM.pDRbDzs;trd>vJRqlpRD yRttd.’D;ywHx.D w>*h>tHRqlpRD yRttd.
’D;Chx.D w>o;unDRb.C;w>*h>tHRvDRI
?up>pDRyR{X< rRpXRb.ySR/IIIow;’D;pDRyRud;orHord;0JzgwH>uJ’.d
’D;w>rh>w>wD[zJ sgxD.0JvRD I pDRyRpH;b.0JzgwH>uJ’.d <
?euJ’.d emuhewrRpXRySRzS.D zd,mzd
b.trJmngerRtXrRe;t0Jo.h vDRI/ ‘D;pDR
yR[h.vDRw>uvk>’D;pH.nD.tDRvXt0Ju
b.[h.pht.D vd;oXuxdb;’D;ub.wl>eD>
wD>tbDwu,RvDRI rhr>h 0h>cd.
wcDr>h vXttD.ubs;H ubs.w>tCdpRD yRxk;uGmH t
vD>tvR’D;’k;vDRtDRqlCmd ylRvDRI
cDzsdvXpDRbDzs;rh>0JyRS vXt*kmusJ;
pX;w>ql.ql.w*R< ’D;t0Jol.tD.zs;
tD.w>wu;b.rRpXRph>uD;ySRtg*RtCdpt h .D vd;vXb.w>rRM>tDRvX
zgwH>uJ’.d ttd.M.pDRyR[h.rRvRuyDRtDR’D;t0Jo.h t’Dzrd >d cH*R[JuRh ql
t[H.ySRJ ’D;w>ol.zSo
H ;nDM.vDRI

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

23
tkoPT
o dv :o tItexjBtPF

li ysXRM.IIIIvX,y.uD>ylRySRzD.S zd,mzdt’Drg0Rtd.cH*RvDRI
ySR’Drg0RcH*RtHRtzdtvHRwtd.eDw*Rb.I t0RM.vJRus0D .vXyS>ylR’D;xh
0Juzk w
d z.0HRvJRqg0Jqzl gF ylRvXt’Drg0RcH*Rtw>vk>tD.o;orlt*D>vDRI
weHRM.t0RvJRqlyS>ylRvXuusD0.t*D>tcg<
xH.M>0J0.z;xDvXtqJ;uyDRusHR
usKmwbdvRD I rh>0.vXtvDRqDt
Cdt0JymvDRto;vXuusMD >0.
wbdtRH vDRI zJtus0D 0J .wbdtRH
tcgvXw>urXur.tyl R t
0JxH.M>0J zdo.rk.
vD R tJ . vDRuGHzdw*RtCdt0J[J
uhRpdm0J zdo.tHRql[.H vDRI zJt
uhRwkRql[.H M.trgxH.b.zdo.rk.
zdvDRtJ.vDRuGHtHR’D;tJ.b.uGH b.0JtCdt0Jo .h vk>zd0J
’.zdo.w*RtHRvDRI rRu’D;weHR t0JvJRqlyS>ylRvXuusD
24
tkoPT
o dv :o tItexjBtPF
u’D;0.< zJM.xH.M>u’D;0J0.vDRqDwbd’;D us0D t J cgxlpwh >rs>yvJwz.[J
vDRvJm0Jtgr;vDRI t0J[u J Rh pdm0Jxpl wh z.tHR’ ;D ymuDR0J’;D pl;ugM>0J’.vX
zdo.rk.zdtHRt*D> vDRI p;xD.zJM.t0J
oh.t’Drg0RcH*Rph> uD;xl;wDRxD.0J
wpJ;b.wpJ;vDRI
wkRrh>zdo. rk.zdtRH rk.ueDR
vd.bdxD.M.rh> ydmrk.zdvXtCH
vR’d.r;< tpkr>k wpl>cD.eXwpGJR<
rJmcsu
H 0DRusRD < rJm wl>wcG.J bV.bs.D
’H;< zH;n.0guzD’f bJbhtod;’D;erh>
uG > vX’X;M.qJ ; vXbs.D vDRI wu;
’fb.trJmngteD>up>M.eXrl’o f ;d xHeXrltCdyRS ud;M>trHRvX ?eD>yRrk.xH
eXrlz/d vDRI
t0Jtw>CHw>vRtupD.M.[lx.D ogvDRoukRq;’;tCdcgG vd.
bdvXtb.ol.b.o;tDR’D;o;vDtRD wz.[Jqt l td.vDRI zJM.t0JCk
xXxD.0JyRS wl>’d.uD>’d.tpXRtoG.J vG>H *RvXySR[Jwz.tusg’D;ud;xH.0J
vDRI ‘D;t0Jp;H b.0JcgG vd.bdv>HG *RM.’ftRH <
?ySRvXtrRvXySRJ ,w>vd.b.M>w*R*RM.,u’d;wh’;d zs, D o;
’D;tDR/ vDRIt0Jp;H b.cGgvd.bdtcD.xH;w*R’ftRH <
?vXrk>EkmwuyRM.td.’D;zDuw d udvXw>rRM>tDR’D;xlpw h >rs>y
vJwzsX.vDRI eub.[JuRh pdmM>,RzDu0d MJ .vDRI/
‘D;pH;b.u’D;0JcgG vd.bdc*H Rw*R<
?vXrk>xD.wuyRupX>wzsX.tzDc.d M.td.’D;oh.xl.wxl.vDRI
oh.xl.tHRt*H>M.rh>0Jpn h .’D;to.wz.rh>0JyvJtzsX.zdwz.vDRI [J
uhRpdmM>,RvXoh.xl.tHRt’hM.wuh>I/ rhr>h oX*Rw*RwcDp;H b.0J<
?vXyD.vJ.z;’d.tcX.o;uD;tzDc.d M.td.’D;,k>rh.tlvRD I eub.
25
tkoPT
o dv :o tItexjBtPF
[JuRh pdmM>,R,k>rh.tltRH tql.t’H;vDRI/
‘D;pH;b.0JcgG vd.bdtuwX>w*RM.’ftRH <
?eJeub.[JuRh pdmM>,Rxd.bV.bs.D t’H;qhvXtCHvR’fcs;H t
uktod;vXttd.vXxHu>D wbh.tHRtylRvDRI/
wkREkRwpkcgG vd.bdwz.tX.vDRtDvRD tDRvXu[JuRh pdmM>tDR’D;p;
xD.vJRCkoud;0Jw>vXeD>yRrk.zdo;vD0v J RD I
w>qXuwD>vJRylRuGmH ,HmxD.tod;cGgvd.bdwz.[JuRh wkR0Jqrl .k
vd.bdxeH Xrlzt d td.< cGgvd.bdwz.tusgoX*R[JuRh pdmM>0Je>D yRrk.zdw>zd
w>vHRwz.b.q.w>oh.wz.tHRwrh>w>zdw>vHRteD>uD>wz.b.< rh>
vXt0Jo.h wvJRCkM>0JvXteD>up>b.tCdyRS oh.ngM>vXt0Jo.h vD
w>M.vDRI rhr>h cGgvd.bdv>HG *Rw*RwcDvRJ CkM>0JteD>uD>b.q.wxH.M>0J
xd.bV.bs.D t’H;qhvXtCHvR’fo;d cst H uktod;b.tCdt0Jo.h wM>
b.0Je>D yRrk.xHeXrlzbd .trJmngt0Jo.h wl>C.to;’D;b.uhRuGmH 0JvXpk
,>cDM.vDRI w>upD.tHR[lx.D ph>uD;vXpDRyRttd.’D;t0J[0J q J el >D yRrk.
xHeXrlztd [H.vDRI wkRtxH.b.0Je>D yRrk.zdwpkpRD yRtHRtJ.b.eD>yRrk.zd
wbsC D v D RD I vXw>tJ.tgtylR< zJpRD yRtHRzD.xD.0Je>D yRrk.xHeXrlzt d RH t
qhuRuH.rd.ed.tcgrk.vd.bdtRH vDRr>uGmH 0J’.vDRI t0Jx;k uGmH tpkr;’D;
rk.vd.bdtHR[JzsgxD.uhR0JvDRI
‘D;pDRyRtHRys>pkys>cD.’D;uhRuhR0Jql
txHtuD>vDRI
b.weR< eD>yRrk.xHeXrlzt d RH qh.eDR
uG>vguyDRvXrlc.d ’D;trJmxHzw d z.
,GRvDR0JwbdwbdvXtbd;yR*DR*DRzdt
vdRvDRI y>w*RtHRzJtxH.b.0Jtzd
rk. qh.eDRu >G vguyDRvXw>ol.wzSH
o;wnDtylRb.M.t0Jou H >G tzdr.k
26
tkoPT
o dv :o tItexjBtPF
vXw>rEkRrRto;vJ.M.’D;eD>yRrk.zdp;H b.0Jty><
?yg{X< ,rh>vgtzdr.k vDRI vgySRJ teRM.,ub.uhRvDRI/
wkRrh>ty>oh.ngb.0Jw>rRto;’D;vXw>b.,d.b.bSt D ylRt
0JvRJ qlpRD yRttd.’D;vJR’k;oh.ng0JpRD yRwpk< pDRyRysv J RD M>tchtyS>cHuxd
*RvXu’Do’Xu[ku,meD>yRrk.xHeXrlzt d *D>vDRI
zJvgySRJ teRwkRCDRM.vgySRJ wbh.
[JvRD ’D;w>tX.wvd.< [Jqyl RS ’Drg
0RcH*Rt[H.< ‘D;zJM.zko;yS>0g0gvX
tySJR’D;tc.ql.c.yDRw*R[Jzsg
xD.0JvRD I zJM.tuwD>pDRyRtcht
ySRwz.ph>uD;rR[l;rR*JRto;woh
eDwrHRb.tCdq.h eDRuG>w>*X>w
yX>upk’Mk .vDRI ‘D;zko;yS>0g0gw*RM.pH;b.0JyRS zD.S zd,mzdt’Drg0R<
? vXvgtylRM.ySRw’k;vdm,Rvdmo;b.I eRM.ezS.D e,memouh
erh>ySRvXtol.*hRo;0gtCd,ysv J RD M>eR,zdr.k zdvXeuxl;wDRxD.t*D>
vDRI tcJtRH rh>vXw>*h>uDwz.td.xD.’D;,o;vDuRh ,zdr.k zdtCd,u
b.ud;uhRtDRvDRI/
wcsK;rk.vd.bdzdtHRuhRtcgt0J
pH;bsK;pH;zS.d 0Jtrd>ty><
? rdr’d ;D ygyg{XIIIIokbsK;okz.dS M.
xDM>’H;upX>’D;,dmM>’H;r;orH;vDRI tCd
,u[h.wh>okvXuoH.o;orlxDw
zsX.tHRIII[H;M>uoH.tHRygygII/wJ00J RH
'D;eD>yRrk.xHeXrlzdtHR’d;xD.0Jw>tX.
ud.vd.’D;uhRxD.0Jqv l gttd.M.vDRI
b.q.ySRzS.D zd,mzd’rD g0RcH*RtHRrh>
27
tkoPT
o dv :o tItexjBtPF
vXtzdr.k wtd.vXRb.tCdt0Jo.h qdurd.0J
’.vXtcDynDwtd.ph>uD;vXutd.rlvRD pdRvDRxD
b.I tM.ow;’D;vJR[h.0JpRD yRvXuoH.o;orl
xDwzsX.tHRvDRI pDRyRph>uD;wpl;ug0JuoH.tHRb.
tCdt0J[.h vDRw>uvk>vXw>uvJR’G.J tlt.D uGmH
uoH.tHRvX ?upX>bl; ;l u;/ t’Dc.d M.vDRI
zJw>’G.J tlx.D uoH.o;orlxw D zsX.tHRt
cgw>pH;0JvXrh.tlv.l ck.wz.[Jx.D ’D;xD.0Jqrl ’l v
D RD I p;xD.zJM.upX>w
zsX.tHRb.w>ud;M>trHRvX ?upX>zl.uF.H ,.r;/< upX>vXtrlvRD xl
vDR,dmwkRrk>rqgweHRtHRvX,y.uD>tylRM.vDRI

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

28
tkoPT
o dv :o tItexjBtPF

tI pH;0Jwbsv
D Xo0DwzsX.tylRtd.’D;ySR’Dy>k 0J>twDtvdRcH
*RvDRI weHRM.t0Jo.h vJR[;Cko.h rk.vXyS>ylRvDRI vXusMJ .w>ud>’d.r;
tCdtyk>w*RwJb.t0J><
?0J>{X< IIIIw> ol,o;vXxHwbDIIIyuCktD uG>xH/
‘D;t0J>pH;qXtDR< ?*hRvHIII
vXw>rJmngM.b.oh.oh.xHutd.III[JyuCkoud;’hzId I/ ‘D;ySR
’Dy>k 0J>zdc*H RtHRCkt0D x
J MH .vDRI wpd>zdyRl uGmH
t0Joh.xH.M>xHurgvXxHqSHvg[hwzsX.
vDRI vXw>ol.cko;cktylRySR’Dy>k 0J>cH*RtHRvJR
Ch>’D;tDoud;xH
ypkmywhR
vXw>ol.0HRo;phR
o;’d.r;tylRvDRI
zJM.tyk>wJ
b.t0J><
29
tkoPT
o dv :o tItexjBtPF
?0J>{X<IIIw>ud>wbDIIIyutd.bS;H oud;
zJurguX>cd.tHR{gIII/
t0J>wJuRh <
?yk>{XIII*hR0JoX.IIIyutd.bS;H td.ogzJ
tHReDIII/ ‘D;ySR’Dy>k 0J>cH*RtHRqh.eDRtd.bS;H oud;
0Jzo
J .h xl.tu’ktzDvmvDRI
tcgzJM.vXoh.xl.zDc.d M.*k>vg’D;*k>
bDcHbdM.th.vdmto;’D;wJtgvdmto;w>
vDRI *k>oh.vgwJ0<J
?[hIIIeqdr.d ,RvXrEkRvJ.III,wrh>*k>egpdR
b.IIySRvXttD.b.,n.M.uySRJ ’D;t*H>t
bg< tw>pdw>urDR’D;utD.ukmtDyRJS vXtw>
td.rltylRvDRII/
*k>oh.tbDM.e>[l0’J .*k>oh.vgwbd
tHRwJx.D ’fM.’D;vXw>wl>wM>cD.wuJtylR
wJx.D 0J<
?tgt.IIIIw>rd.eHR,o;wbDIIIySRrh>tD.b.en.M.
td.’.ySRuuJ’.d vDRIIeoh.ng{gIIySRvXrh>tD.b.,n.M.uxl;wDRw
u;b.uuJb.vXpDRyRcD’;H IIIewe>[lb.’H;eDwbs{D RJ III[g[gIII/
*k>cHbtd RH wyvD>y’Dto;’D;wue.Ckmw>eDwrHRvXtcd.tCXR
b.I wJy-wXRvDRuhRto;< wJtgvdmt o;’D;th.vdm
0mvdmto;vXoh.’htzDc.d >k >k vDRI *k>vg
wbdwcDwu J ’D;0J
?ySRrh>tJ.’d;uJ’.d M.tD.,n.</
tbDwbdwcDw0J ’J .
? [hIIIIySRvXtD.b.,n.M.uuJb.pDRyR</ vDRI
30
tkoPT
o dv :o tItexjBtPF
ySR’Dy>k 0J>cH*RtHRzJte>[lb.0J*>k cHbt d RH
wJtgvdmto;M.urXur.b.to;
’d.r;vDRI t0J>wJb.tyk><
?yk>{X< IIIee>[l{gII/
tyk>wJ<
?,e>[l0>J {XIIIemuDuw D emuDuv D RD II
b.q.wrHR*hRwrHR*hRt0Jo.h tw>u
wdRwz.M.vXy*D>rh>w>tbsK;td.cJvXmvDRI yuwD>oH';D tD.oud;{gIII/
t0J>tX.vDRtyk>IIII
?*hRvDRIIyk>{XII/
‘D;t’Dy>k 0J>cH*RM.wD>oH*>k ’D;CJmuso D .h rk.’D;u.tD.oud;0J‘;D rh.tl
w*RwbdvRD I t0J>wcDt.D 0J*>k tvG>J vg’D;tyk>wcDt.D 0J*>k tvG>J bDvRD I
ySR’Dy>k 0J>cH*RM.tD.w>0HRt[XzXySRJ tCdrb H .to;rkmrkmvX
oh.xl.tzDvmvDRI
tuwD>zJM.vXxHuD>ylRM.pDRyRoH
uGmH ’D;ySRvXuuJx.D pDRyRvXtvD>wtd.
eDw*Rb.tCd< pDRyRtchtySRwz.[;Ck
uG>0JpDRyRtoDw*R’D;ysJvDRCmph>uD;0J
vh . u[.tl
orlwcd.vXuCkM>pDRyRt*D>vDRI ylRuGmH
wbsK;oDb.q.Ck0pJ RD yRtoDwb.
b.I pDRyRtchtySRwz.M.wwl>C.
to;b.< Ck’;H 0J’.pDRyRtoDvXw>
xJ;*H>xJ;bgtylRvDRI zJM.tcg< vh.
u[.tlorlwcd.tHRzJtvJRwkRql
ySR’Dy>k 0J> cH*RrHb.to;tvD>’D;td.y
31
tkoPT
o dv :o tItexjBtPF
wkm0JztJ yk>w*RrHtrJmngvDRI tM.wbspD RD yRtchtySRwz.vXw>ol.ck
o;cktylRpH;0J<
?yxH.pDRyRtoDvIH IIySRul.vdmw>tcd.{XIIII/
yk>w*RtHRzJte>[lw>oD.w>oJM.zk;oHe.D xD.vXtw>rHw>*JRt
ylRvDRI vXto;ylRwcDqu d rd.0J
?tX.IIIw>rEkRw&XvJ.III/
zJM.xH.0JpRD yRtchtySRwz.’D;t0Jo.h wz.wJ
b.tDRvXw>*h>0HRwJ0Jyk>w*RtHRvXt0Ju
b.uJx.D pDRyR’D;uyXxHt.D uD>vDRI xJM.r;
yk>w*RtHR e>yX>uhR0J’;D rRyX>xD.t0J>cGg0HR< t
’Dy>k 0J>cH*R’d;xD.0Jv.h
u[.orl’D;vJR0J
qlpDRyRtEl>vDRI
w>M.tvD>cHy>k w
*RtHRuJx.D b.0J
pDRyR’D;yXxHyXuD>< rhr>h t0J>cGgwcDux J .D ySRwl>
’d.uDR’d.’D;td.qd;b.0Jx;l xl;wDRwDRvDRI
*k>cHbtd RH M.tw>clo.l vXtub.ymclo.l 0J’;D w-uX;wJ0b J .M.
wyXRCm0Jb.trJmngtJ.’d;uwdR*h>vdm< wJeXRtD.vdmto;’D;ymuzX
vXto;vXwb.ust J Cdto;orlvRD r>uGmH 0JczD sv d XtwyXRtx;cd.
b.M.vDRI

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

32
tkoPT
o dv :o tItexjBtPF

t bsyD RS ’Do.d td.0J 12 *R< t0Jo.h vJRwcGt


eHRvDRI t0Jo.h wcGn
J .D n.vXxHusu
J .M>tgr;’D;to;ck’.d r;vDRI td.wwDRzdtoud;vX
d X>

tb.,d.w>ql.r;w*RwJx.D 0J<
?wb.o;cktgwvXw*hReDIIIokuvDRwJmvXxHusg’D;okuoH
b.zk;I/
t0Jo.h wcGn J .wkRt0HRwpk’;D [JuRh 0JvRD III zJt[JuRh vXust
J zX
rk>< toud;vXtb.,d.w>ql.w*RwJu’D;0J<
?ySRw*R*Rrh>vDRwJmwh>vXxHusg’kw>uDvIH /
zJM.toud;w&XwJvmd to;< ?rhp;H ’fM.yu*H>uG>yeD.*H>td.ySRJ *R

33
tkoPT
o dv :o tItexjBtPF
’D;p;xD.*H>0JwX< cH< oX< vG>H < ,J>< Ck< EG<H Cd;< cG<H wqH< wqHwX< IIItdII
[gr>w*RII/
toud;[gr>uGmH w*RtCdt0Jo.h zk;b.to;’d.r;vDRI t*Rw*R
p;xD.*H>u’D;0J< ?wX< cH< oXIIIIIIIIIwqH< wqHwX< IIIIItdIIvDRr>u’D;u;
vHrX.I/
ySReD.*H>wySRJ xD.b.tCdt0Jo.h tol.ud>o;*DRxD.w>vDRI t0J
oh.*H>uG>0Jw*Rb.w*Rb.q.rh>vXtw*H>vDRuhRtup>to;b.t
CdyRS unDe.D *H>vd.w*RxDbv d RD I
tCdt0Joh.wJvdmto;vXtuvJRCkuhRtoud;w*RM.vX
xHused RH vDRI zJM.ySRo;yS>w*R[JwRk ’D;oHu>G t0Jo.h <
?[hIIIokb.w>rEkRvJ.I/
‘D;t0Jo.h wJb.zkw*RM.vXw>uJx.D o;t*h>tusRd vDRI zkw*RM.wJt
0Jo.h < ?rhp;H ’H;M.ok*>H yF;,RwbDII/
zJM.t0Jo.h *H>yF;0J’;D zkw*RtHRoh.ngt0Jo.h tw>ur.vDRI ow;
’D;zkwtJ RD < ?ySRvXtvd.w*RM.,uCkM>ok< oku[h.,Rw>rEkRvJ.I/

34
tkoPT
o dv :o tItexjBtPF
t0Jo.h pH;qX0J<
? zkyn.td.IIIyu[h.’k;tD.eRn.cJvXmvDRI/
zJzt
k RH M>b.n.cJvXmM.t0Jp;xD.*H>yF;0JyRS ’Do.d iDi;wqHc*H RM.
’ftRH < t0Jz.D 0JyRS ’Doud;w&XtzHb.cd.w*R0HR*H>0JwX< zD.u’D;0Jw*R*H>
0Jc<H zD.u’D;0Jw*R*H>0JoX< ’D;*H>0JwRk vXtySRJ xD.wqHc*H RvDRI zJM.t’Do
ud;w&Xol.cko;cktylRqdr.d w,m0JvXtxH.uhRtoud;tvDRr>w*R
vHtCd’;D uhRuhRoud;0Jqt l [H.tCDyRJS ’D;w>o;zSMH .vDRI

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

35
tkoPT
o dv :o tItexjBtPF

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tusRd tusb J .b.< wrh>w>rRvXm*DRus.d phb.IIIw>uwDRol*>H bgM.w
rh>w>uX.w>usK’D;w>rRw>xJwpJ;zdM.b.< b.q.rh>w>vXb.olyRS u
nD*>H bgvXw>*kmus;J pX;rRw>’D;w>uwDRolw>qXuwD>M.rh>0J’.w>olw>
qXuwD>vXtb.bs;d b.’g’D;w>rR< ’D;rh>w>rRw>vXw>xJ;*H>xJ;bgt
ylRzJw>qXuwD>td.tcgvDRII/
pDRyRtHRwkRrh>t’due.0JtzdcgG vG>H *RvXmtw>ymzsg0HRwpkt0Jp.H
nD.qXwJm0J’.vXtzdcgG o’guxD.yXuhRw>vXtvD>ypdm’D;rhr>h tzdcgG t
’d.oX*RwcDe.J vDR0J’.vXturR’d.xD.vJRxDuRh t0h>w0h>’.0Jpmk pkmzJ
w>qXuwD>td.’H;tcgM.vDRI tCdow;’D;p;xD.zJpRD yRzdcgG o’gpDRul.oh
yX0Jxu H >D wbh.tHRM.weHRb.weHR’d.xD.vJ>xD.0J’.uU>uU>M.vDRI

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

46
tkoPT
o dv :o tItexjBtPF

t bsMD .ySRoX*RvJRoud;w>wylRCDM.vDRI t0Jo.h ’d;o


ud;0Jcs’H ;D vJRcD*m0JxuH sv
d RD I ySRoX*RtHRrh>0JyRS qdr.d w>zdw*R< uoH.o
&.w*R’D;ySR0>csw H *RM.vDRI
zJt0Jo.h vJRwkRvXxHuscd X.o;M.t0Jo.h w>o.0HRxD.to;vDRI
zJM.tcgySRqdu rd.w>zdw*RwJx.D 0J<
?,o. 0HRo;bDIIItcJtRH w

47
tkoPT
o dv :o tItexjBtPF
uGoH .w&Xrh>[JvRD wJmvXrlc.d ’ku*hRngIII
,utD.wkR,tD.bsw J pkvRD III /
zJM.ySR0>csw
H *RwJu’D;0J< ?,Rem
uh,o.0HR,o;wbDIII,tJ.
’d;tD.wuGo H .uD;vDRI oem
uhwuGHo.w&Xrh>[JvDRwJm
M.ycsuH vDRbsXvDRI/
zJt0Jo.h cH*R
wJvmd to;’fM.tcguoH.o&.w*RwJ
xD.0J< ?td.cd;wpd>zdwRH oud;oh.{XIIIok
tD.wuGo H .rhtgwvXM.ok[XzXu[;
*DRvDRI tCdo-k uX;tDqu d oH.’Do’Xw>
qgwcgtHRII/
vXw>M.tCdySRqdurd.w>zd’D;ySR0>csHzdcH*RvXmtHRwtD.b.
w>eDwrHRb.trJmngb.tDqv d RD 0JuoH.'Do'XM.vDRI

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

48
tkoPT
o dv :o tItexjBtPF

t bsMD .ySR’Doud;td.0Jc*H R< trHRvXpDRxl*Rh ’D;pDRx;0g< ySR’Do


ud;cH*RtHRtJ.vdmuGv H md to;*hRr;vDRI t0Jo.h o;pJ*RJ uGmH vdmuGo J ud;0J
rDutJ zsX.zdwz.ud;rk>eHR’J;vDRI xl*Rh M.rh>ySRxlpmH zdtzdcgG ’D;x;0grh>oJxH
tzdcgG vDRI
weHRxl*Rh ty>ud;tDRvXtuyR’D;wJb.tDR<
?zdcGg{X<II ,&J.usJRCmvX,uqSXeRql0h>ylR’fod;euvJRrRvdb.
w>t*D>vDR/ zJty>wJtRD 0HRt0JvRJ qlt
oud;x;0gttd.’D;wJb.0Jtoud;<

49
tkoPT
o dv :o tItexjBtPF
?,uvJRql0>h ylR’D;rRvdo, h o;vXw>*JRcF;J < ,utlv,
d o;vXyH’;D ,
urRvdvmH uD;vDRI euvJR’D;,R{gI/
x;0gwJqXuhRtDR<
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H zdcgG < w>rRvd’t
f RH M.wvd.,rRvdvXRb.I/
w,HmwrD>xl*Rh vJRxD.ql0>h ylR< vJRtd.vXo&.’d.pdt[H.’D;rRpXR
0J[.H CDw>zH;w>rR’D;rRvdrR’d;w>vDRI
vXCke.H twD>ylRC.C.M.xl*Rh rRvdrR’d;M>w>ul.b.ul.ohvXm
tCdt0J[u J Rh qlto0DvRD I b.q.tcgzJM.ty>qgoHo’.uGmH tDRvH

M.vDRI t0Jto0Dp>h uD;wrsmwz.[JEmk vDR‘D;wrsmM>w>zdw>vHRwz.’D;


zD.uGmH t0Jo.h cJvXmvDRI ySRtXzdwz.M.’fo;d uuhR,d;0Jw>zdw>vHRvXt
wrsmM>0Jwz.t*D>ud;M>0Jo0Dzo d ;p>ydmcGgweDRvXu0HM>t0Jo.h tw>zd
w>vHRtusgy.Ckm’D;pDRxl*Rh ’D;pDRx;0gvDRI
zJtvJRwkRvXw>vD>wwDRM.wrsmwz.td.bS;H td.og0J’;D rH0zJ MJ .
vDRI zJM.xl*Rh tw>qdurd.[JyX>xD.0JvXw>’hw>tltoD.M.rRp>vDRySR
o;tXo;udRwz.tol.to;ohvRD I tCdt0J[;H xD.0JtyH’;D tlx.D 0Jw>
o;0H.rkmrkmzdw,k>vDRI zJt0Jtyl u H wX>M.wrsmtcd.w*R[Jqt l td.’D;
ys>uGmH tDRvDRI b.q.x;0gvXtw>ul.b.ul.ohwtd.w*RwcDwys>
uGmH 0Jb.I xl*Rh [;xD.uGmH vXwrsmtd.w>tvD>’D;vJRwkR0Jqx l u H >D w
bh.tylRvDRI xHu>D tHRtpDRyRM.*JRcF;J oh’.d r;vDRI pDRyRtHRud;M>0JyRS Cdmzd
50
tkoPT
o dv :o tItexjBtPF

wz.’D;rX0Jt*JRjyXcF;J ’D;tDRvDRI ySRvXteXRtDRM.ys>uGmH 0J’;D ySRvXtC.


tDRM.pH.nD.oH0v J RD I b.weHRxl*Rh xH.0JyRS [JuRh zD.toud;x;0gtCd
t0Jou H >G 0J<
?b.rEkRtCdeb.zD.vJ.oud;{XI/
x;0gpH;qXtDR< ?,pH.zs;d uGmH vXwrsmtpkyRl ’D;,[JwRk zJu>D qX
tHR< ySRok;zdw&XxH.,R’D;zD.M>,R’D;[Ju;d ,RzJtRH vDRIIIt0Jo.h wJ,R
vX,ub.*JRjyXcF;J ’D;tpDRyR< ,*JRcF;J {D>wohb.tCdrRpXR,RwbDwRH
oud;{XII/
xl*Rh pH;qXuhRtDR< ?tX.IIwb.o;qH;w*hRoud;{XII,uul.xD.
w>wrHRrHRvX,urRpXReRt*D>/
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?,uvJRqlpDRyRt
td.’D;wJw>’D;tDRvDRI/
t0JwDRvDRu‘GH
usmd vXpDRyRtrJmng’D;
pH;0J< ?up>pDRyR{XIIIerHR
51
tkoPT
o dv :o tItexjBtPF
[lo.zsgvXe*JRcF;J oh’.d r;vDRI tCd,[J‘o f ;d ,u*JRjyXcF;J ’D;eRvDRI/
pDRyRuG>0Jx*l Rh ’D;eHRxD.’D;pH;0J<
?[g< [g< [gII[hIIIew>ol.’lo;’lM.,b.ol.b.o;vHI/
t0Jp;H b.pDRyR<
?up>pDRyR{X< ,rh>C.eRM.erRoHumHG ,RohvRD I ,rh>rReXReRwcD
,Chx.D eRvXzJw>vX,vd.b.M.eub.[h.eJ,RvDRI/
pDRyRwJtRD II
?*hRvHIIerh>rReXRw>< w>vXeChM.,u[h.eRvDRI/ ow;’D;t0J
oh.*JRjyXcF;J vXeDtylRvDRI pDRxl*Rh eXRqJ;pDRyRoXbsv D XmvDRI tCdpRD yRpH;
b.tDR< ?eRtHRerh>o;p>w*RvXtySRJ ’D;w>ul.ohw>oh.ngw*RvDRI e
o;vDw>rEkRvJ.M.eChtRD ohvIH I/
zJM.xl*Rh Chx.D tDR<
?up>pDRyR{X< III,tJ.’d;vXeuxk;uGmH w>od.w>oDvXerRoHq.l
oHp;d ySRursX>xHzu d >D zdvXw>wwDw-w>tusw J z.tcJtRH wbsC D v
D RD I/
pDRyRty’d.yyS>wz.ph>uD;tX.vDRwl>vdm0JvXpDRxl*Rh tw>Chx.D
tHRrh>0Jw0D ’J ;D y-wXRoud;tDRvXtul.w>ohtCdvRD I
tCdpRD yRM.’ftw>tX.vDRtd.tod;t0JrRvXySRJ 0J’;D [h.vDRw>u
vk>vXw>wb.rRoHq.l oHp;d vXRySRursX>xHzu d >D zdwz.vXw>wwDw
-wXftusb J .vDRI t0J[.h vDRph>uD;pDRxl*Rh vXcd.z;M.vDRI pDRx;0gph>uD;
t0Jo.h nguhRw>ul.b.ul.ohtbsK;tzS.d ’D;wuwD>CDqXwJmvDRt
o;vXtuCkw>ul.b.ul.oh’;D rRvdrR’d;w>0HR’D;t’Doud;cH*R[JuRh
uhRqlto0DvXw>ol.cko;cktylRvDRI

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

52
tkoPT
o dv :o tItexjBtPF

li ysXRM.vX,y.uD>ylRySRxlpmH zdw*Rtd.’D;tzdcgG zd.o.cGg


cH*RvDRI tzdcgG zd.o.cGgwz.tHR’d.wkmcd.ySRJ ’D;-uX;qD[.H qDCv D t
H Cd
ty>rXt0Jo.h usv D RD oh.xl.’D;zJo.h xl.vDRu>tvD>M.t0Jo.h ub.ydm
xD.us’J ;D vJRCkr.k ueDRvXu’d;wh’;d zst D o;t*D>vDRI
tzdcgG t’d.M.tw>tJ.wDt.d vHtCdt0Juso D .h ’fo;d uu>vDRvX
tw>tJ.wDt[H.wcDvRD I rhr>h tzdcgG tqH;rH;ud.wcDtw>tJ.wDwtd.’H;
b.tCdt0Jusv D RD oh.’D;toh.cd.pd;M.vJRvXyS>wcDvRD I tCdt0JqX
wJmvDRto;vXuvJRvXyS>ylR’D;vJR0Jqyl >S ylRvDRI zJt0JvRJ wkRw>vD>w
wDRM.t0Jx.H 0J’q J ;H qH;zdwzsX.’D;zJt0JvRJ Ekm0JvX’JtylRM.t0Jx.H 0JxJ
,k > zd w ’k v D R I ,k>zdw’ktRH tql.xD‘;D *hR

53
tkoPT
o dv :o tItexjBtPF
r;<vDR*mvXeD>yRrk.zdtqhuR< trJmcsw H cDu0DRusRD zdq;J ujyK>*hRr;’D;zJ
,k>zdw’ktHRoh.ngrH;ud.tw>[JwbsD
tHRt*h>M.t0Jw0J rJ ;H ud.’ftRH <
?,uuJewv;rl;ydmrk.’D;,
tX.vDRph>uD;vX,utJ.eR< wD’;D
eRwpdR,o;vDRI /
zJr;H ud.[JuRh wkRvX[H.M.
t0J>cGg[JuRh wkRqdvXtrJmng’D;ymuzXvXto;vXty>trJmngvXt
w>tJ.wD*Rh ’ftRH ’fERk ’D;y-wXR0JvRD I
?yg{X< ,w>tJ.wDM.rh>ydmrk.vXtu’kvRD wH>vDRqJ;< ‘d.w>{D>*hR<
IIIIIII/
rhr>h rH;ud.wcDw’J .0J<
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eD>yRrk.zdtqhuRvDRI/
ySRxlpmH zdt.J ’d;rRuG>rk.ueDRvXuuJt’J.rk.cH*RtHRtCdt0JrXt
zdcgG vJRwJb.tw>tJ.wDwz.vXuxgM>tDRw>uH;nmwbh.0HR[JuRh
pdmM>tDR’fo;d t0JuuG>0J’;D uqXwJm0JvXub.to;rhwrh>wb.to;
b.vJ.M.vDRI
rk>qh.xD.weHRM.rH;ud.uhRql’zJ t d .d tvD>’D;uhRwJb.,k>zdtRH vX
w>*h>tHR’D;,k>zdwt J RD vXuxgM>tDRvDRI zJr;H ud.rHb.to;M.,k>zdw’k
tHRt0JrRoD.xD.’XvG’J ;D ,k>wz.utd.vXt’ktu,Rbs.J [JC>h xD.0J
’.’D;,k>zdw’ktRH eJ.vDRt0Jo.h vXuCkbv J Xt*hRuwX>’D;[JuRh xgo
ud;w>wkRt0HR’D;zJt0HRM.t0Jcs;H wh>EkmvDR0JvXoh.o.wzsX.tylR’D;rXrH;
ud.uhRpdmqlt[H.vDRI
zJr;H ud.uhRwkRt[H.’D;xH.0Jt0J>cGgy-wXRw>xgvXtw>tJ.wDxg
M>tDRvXw>b.ol.b.o;tylRtcgrH;ud.[h.vDRty>vXoh.o.wzsX.
54
tkoPT
o dv :o tItexjBtPF
vDRI ty>td;xD.uG>0Jo.h o.tHR’D;xk;xD.0Jw>xgwbh.tHRM.ty-wXR
xD.0JvXtuvk>z;’d.<
?ySRwtd.’H;vX[D.cd.csXeDw*RvXtxgw>*hRxJo;d rH;ud.tw
v;rl;ydmrk.b.I/
vXcHuwX>M.ySRxlpmH zdb.ol.b.o;vXu’d;wh’;d zst D zdcgG ’D;ydm
rk.vXtCkxX0JvRD I
rH;ud.vJRud;M>,k>zdvXu’d;wh’;d zst D o;t*D>vDRI zJt[JuRh ud;0J
vXodv.h tylRtcgySRwrSRH vXu[Jqrl ;H ud.tw>zsrD ;l o;zSw H z.zk;b.t
o;vXrH;ud.twv;rl;ydmrk.rh>,k>zdtCdvRD I rH;ud.t0J>cGgto;’d.xD.
w>’d.r;rh>vXrH;ud.u[H;M>,k>tCd xlvRD wJm0Jov d .h ’D;,k>vXxHust d ylR
vDRI zJw>rRto;tHR0HRwpd>zdM.t0Jo.h urXur.b.to;vXtxH.0J
uoh.olov l >HG ’k[u
J Rh xD.vXxHusg< [JuRh wG>H uoh.vh.wcd.vXpDRyRt
ys>J eD.tDR’D;vXtylRwcDt.d ’D;eD>yRrk.’d.w>*hRCHvRr; w*Rulo;d ’D;qhuR
vXtCHvRujyK>u_yRD ’Dw*RngvDRI
zJM.eD>yRrk.zdtRH wJb.
0JyRS ud;*R’J;vXw>uJx.D to;
’D;tDR’ftRH <
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uJx.D ,k>vDRI ,ylRzs;J uGmH ohvXw>qd.
CD.tHRt*D>zJySR’Dyk>0J>cH*Rtusgw*R
M.rh>tJ.’d;zsDto;’D;,R’D;w*RtJ.
’d;rRoH,RtcgvDRI/
rk>qh.xD.eD>yRrk.zduRh ud;rH;
ud.ql’JzdvXyS>tylR’D;zJM.rH;ud.
xH.vX’Jzv d RD r>uGmH 0J’;D uJx.D vXpDR
yRtEl>z;’d.wzsX.’D;td.’D;tchtySR
55
tkoPT
o dv :o tItexjBtPF
t*RvXtu,R[Jo *X>t 0Jo.h cH*R vDRI p;xD.zJM.t0Jo.h t’Drg0R
cH*RtJ.vdmuGv
H md to;’D;td.rlb.uhR0JvXw>ol.zSo
H ;nDw>rkmw>ck.t
ylRwpdRto;M.vDRI

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

56

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