Oral History

muInEBtPFlitIHRp~BnoFtH~
unDzv
d X[D.cd.w>’k;cHbsDwbsDtw>pH.CJRwJpRd
rk>eHRwz.vXw>o;yhReD.woh
Days Not to be Forgotten
Drum Publication Group

P.O Box 66
Kanchanaburi 71000
Thailand
drum@drumpublications.org
February, 2006
ISBN -974-93147-6-X
II
w>*h>cd.wD ubsH;yR
• ySRxXzS.d w>*h>tw>uwdRqSXEkm (1) 1

• ySRxXzS.d w>*h>tw>uwdRqSXEkm (2) 4
• [D.cd.w>’k;cHbsw D bs’D ;D uD>y,DR 9
• pDRprH;’d 11
• pDRuFDM.xl 14
• pDRrR±SX.±$.› 20
• pDRthu.DF 25
• pDReHRurSzH vD f 35
• pDRzJ,gzs› 47
• pDRxDo.[J 77
• pDRuqD 80
• pDRch&.h 83
• pDRbXM. 85
• pDRp.th 87
• rh;pxX.zHxX.tJ.j’L 91
• pDRrDvX> 93
• puDRrJ’l 96
• pDRbDRM. 99
• pDRxlr. 105
• pDR’Je,X.xdb.D 108
III
w>uwdRvXng
w>uJx.D to;vXpdRcJtRH M.yrh>tJ.’d;vXyzdyvHRvXcHwpdRoh.ng

b.M.yub.uGJ;eD.uGJ;CgwJb.uhRt0Joh.zJytd.rltd.*JRtcg
vDRI w>uG;J oh.wz.tHRw>uuG;J eD.uG;JG CgtDR‘fvmH wz.tod;rh>*hR<
zD.ymw>uvk>vXvDvk>uGDRwz.rh>*hRM.vDRI w>vXyuGJ;weHRtHR
urh>pdRyD>< w>pH.pdRwJpRd tw>uG;J eD.vk>’d.ySR› ’d.vXyzdyvHRvXcHw
pdRt*D>M.vDRI vHmwbh.tHRrh>0JvmH w>pH.CJRwJpRd vXyzkwz.tw>
vJRcDzszd t
J uJuRD vRok;vX[D.cd.w>’k;z;‘d.cHbsw D bst
D uwD>tcg
M.vDRI w>*h>w>usdR< w>vD>w>usJ’;D rHRu’D;vXvHmwbh.tHRtylR
wrh>w>vDRwH>vDRqJ;cJvXmb.I rh>vXyzHyzkweDRol.uho;yS>xD.’D;
wd>eD.0Jwb.cJvXmb.tCdvRD I yzkvXtpl;uGmH to;wz.wcDt
zdtrgwz.uG;J M>uhRtDR’ftpkx;k tod;M.vDRI
usd.w>&RvDRvHmtJ.'d;pH;bsK;b.o&.rk.bJvh.xl’D;toud;w
z.vXtwDc.d &d.rJu;JG xXzS.d uhRw>*h>wz.’D;qSXCDR0Jqyl td.vXy
upJ;us;H b.tDRt*D>'D;yzHyzkvXtwJy;F t*h>wz.ph>uD;M.vDRI yem
vXvHmwbh.tHRuuJx.D vHmvXtuJbsK;vXzd’zH o d .< ol.bD.o;
p>wz.t*D>’D;w>uymuDRph>uD;tDRvXvHm&d’X;tylRvXySRvXcHwpdR
wz.uz;b.t*D>M.vDRI
usd.w>&RvDRvHmvJ>w>rRu±l>
IV
ySRxXzdS.w>*h>tw>uwdRqSXEkm
tqduwX>,pH;bsK;b.usd.w>&RvDRvHmvJ>u±l>vXxk;xD.&R
vDRvHmw>pH.CJRwJpRd vXtxXzS.d b.C;ySRo;yS>weDRvXt’k;pXR
w>vXw>’k;cHbsw D bsvD XuD>y,DRylRt*h>M.vDRI ,pH;bsK;b. (OSI)
vXw>qD.xGJ,RvX,uvJRCkoh.ngrRvdb. (Oral History)
vXxHu>D *RymzS.d 0JM.vDRI wu;b.pH;bsK;b. (Dr. Mandy Sadam
‘D; Dr. Michael Gravers) b.C; Oral Historical (w>pH.CJRwJpRd )
[h.’k;oh.ngtgxD.,Rb.C;w>xXzS.d w>pH.CJRwJpRd tust J *h>
M.vDRI
tgM>tM. Mrs. Sally Steen tw>rRpXRw>yD;w>vDvXw>xXzSd.

w>pH.CJRwJpRd ’D; BFWA Cal Sam Pope MBE OBE vX[h.,Rt
cG;J vXurRM>ySRo;yS>weDRt*h>tusRd tCdypH;bsK;b.t0Jo.h vXm
o;vDRI ypH;bsK;b.o&.tD.rl’h’D;o&. Charles vXt[h.vDR
to;vXm*H>vXmbgvXw>xXzS.d ymzS.d uG;J ySRok;zdvXw>’k;cHbsDw
bsDt*h>vDRI wu;b.ypH;bsK;b.y’Dyk>0J>o&.rk.vgph0g[JvX
rRpXRySRvXw>’dvmH &J.vHm’D;w>uG;J usdmxHM.vDRI
‘fo;d vHmwbh.tHRuuJx.D *D>pH;bsK;b.ph>uD;o&. Ashly South

vX[h.*H>[h.bg< qD.xG[ J .h ul.,R’fo;d ,o;okwvDRp>vXw>
xXzS.d ySRok;zdvXw>’k;cHbsw
D bswD z.t*h>’D;pDRpdrzl v
H XxXzS.d ’k;oh.
eD.,R,tzk*>h tCdvRD I vXcHuwXX>pH;bsK;qdb.ySRz;vHmzdu;d *R
1
rk>eHRwz.vXw>o;yhReD.wohh
’J;’D;,rk>v>vXvHmwbh.tHRuuJxD.w>bsK;w>zSd.vXyzdyvHR
vXcHwpdRt*D>< ‘D;ycd;uG>v>okw>[h.ul.’D;w>qdurd.vXurR
*hRxD.vHmw>pH.CJRwJpRd tHRvDRI
w>pH.CJRwJpRd M.rh>yrSRH yyS>txloElxv l RH wcgM.vDRI rh>t*h>’fv.J

y0JySRunDwuvkmtw>pH.pdRwJpdRvXvHmvJ>wuyRM.wtd.
tgtgb.I tgwuh>yrSHRyyS>xlvHRwz.rRM>ySRvXxg< w>CJR’D;
wJ,Rk M>ySRwqDb.wqDvRD I yzdyvHRcJtRH wz.tgwuh>rRxgw
b.’D;w>ohw>b.vXyrSHRyyS>wz.[gr>uGHm0JwpJ;b.wpJ;vDRI
vXw>M.tCdcJtHRcd.e>vXeD>cd‘D;o;wz.rh>*hRo&.orgwz.
CkxXuhRxg< w>CJR’D;ySRo;yS>vXysXRtw>vJRcDzsdto;orlt*h>
wz.M.vDRI rh>vXusJ’ftHRtCd,o;ql.’D;o;pJvXuxXzSd.yzH
zkcd.e>o;yS>vXtrRok;zJw>’k;cHbsDwbsDwz.uwD>tw>vJR
cDzsdzu
J Rd vR0g’D;,y.’k;vdmo;vXuD>y,DRylRtcgM.vDRI ,xH.
b.vXyzHzkwz.wtd.’D;ySRvDRpdRCdyrRw>oHuG>’D;oGDEkmCmt
uvk>0HRyuhRuGJ;‘ft0Joh.pH;qXySR’ftw>uwdR’.0Jtod;vDRI
weDRtw>td.ql.td.csw › *hR0Jb.I b.q.us;J pX;0JvRD I tgwuh>
yxXzSd.ySRo;yS>wz.vX Ratchaburi ‘Ju0DRylRwz.’D;t*RweDR
vXy[H;M>t*h>M.td.vXuD>y,DRylRvDRI w>*h>w>usdRwz.wrh>
w>tvXtySJRb.oh.oh.vDRI rh>vXt0Joh.wJyF;ySRtw>vJRcDzsd
’ftoh.eD.< rReD.0Joo h rF;tCdvRD I
2
vHmw>pH.CJRwJpRd wbh.tHRtw>uG>pdr>h zdvRH vXpdRcJtRH ’D;qlngvX

ttd.vXyxHyuD>ylRrh>*hRxH*kRuD>*Rrh>*hRuoh.nguhR’D;z;b.y
vX>b.ySRok;zdvXw>’k;cHbsw
D bswD z.tw>vJRcDzsMd .vDRI ySRo;yS>
wz.wJ,kRySRrh>wuJvXRemuhvHmtHRutd.’D;ySRxDbdvXuwJpdR
uhRySRo;yS>wz.tw>pH.pdRwJpRd M.vDRI
,o;td.xXzSd.vHmtHRcDzds,w>vJRcDzsdb.zJ,eD>qH;,o;td.
4=5eH.M.,xH.b.,zkvX,rd>wuyRtyk>vXyud;tDRvXzkv;
uF.H y>M.t0JtrJmbs.D cHcv D XmM.vDRI ,oHu>G ,rd>b.rEkRCdtrJm
bsD.’D;yb.[;wGH>tDRvXeD.xd;bdvJ.I t0JwJyF;,RvX,
y.rR’X.tDRzJw>’k;cHbsw D bsu D wD>M.vDRI ‘D;w>0JtRH td.xDCmvX
,o;ylRvDRI cJtRH ,rd>uG;J zsgxD.t*h>M.vDRI zJ2001M.,rRM>w>
cG;J *hR,mb.vX,urRoud;w>’D; BFWA-Burma Forces Warfare
Association M.vDRI ,w>rRtHRrh>,w>xH.vdmo;’D;ySRok;zdv>D
vHR< rk.urJvXw>’k;cHbsw D bsv D Xxgrf[.h ’Ju0DRylRM.vDRI vXw>
tHRCd,[H;M>w>cG;J w>,mvXuxXzS.d t0Jo.h t*h>M.vDRI wu;
b. BFWA ph>uD;[h.xD.,Rt0Jo.h tw>rReD. (Record) M.vDRI
vXyw>xXzS.d ok;zdv>D vHRt*h>tHRywM>b.w>rRpXRvXw>u&X
u&dew D rHRb.I yrh>*JRysK>vXyw>o;ql.tylRM.yw>rRuuJx.D
0JvRD I
o&.rk.bJv.h xl
ySR&J.usRJ xXzS.d pH.CJRwJpRd w>*h>w>usRd
3
ySRxXzdS.w>*h>tw>uwdRqSXEkm (2)
[D.cd.w>’k;cHbsw D bst
D RH rh>w>vXtb.w>ymyeD.tDRvX[D.cd.t
w>pH.pdRwJpRd tylRp;xD. 1939 eH.wkR 1945 eH.< cJvXmEGeH .H tqXu
wD>M.vDRI w>’k;[D.u0DRrd>yS>td.0Jcu
H 0DR’ftrh>= uD>,l&yR’D;uD>th
±SX.M.vDRI ursX>tw>uwdRwcDyud;vXtJuvH;’D;,y. (zk.cD.)
tw>’k;M.vDRI ‘ftu J vH;wuyRtd.’D;tod.rSRH ’ftrh>trJ&uR< jz.
ph.< &X±S.’D;w±l;tod;vX,y.wcDtod.rSHRrh>0J< uFXreH.’D;tH.w
vH.M.vDRI ‘fw>’k;vD>u0DRtd.0JcHu0DRtod;uFXreH.[H;M>rl’gvX
u’k;,l&yR’D;,y.wcDub.’k;uD>th±XS .’Db.h M.vDRI
1939 uFXreH.tok;rk> Panga rReXRw>vX,l&yR’D;[H;M>yXbJvuF.H

,X.’D;[DvJ.ef0HR< tJuvH;udwdmcd.usX>cFJrfbvHpH.vDRuGHm’D;0h
vpX.cFX.cF‹x.D uJuw d md cd.usX>M.vDRI vXok;*h>0DwuyRrD;bJ;wX>
rh>od.rSHRu±l>ok;*h>0Dcd.usX>M.vDRI 1940eH.< vg,lR 26 oD,y.
rRvHmCH;Cm0HRtvD>cHvgtD;uxdbX. 17oD,y.tok;usdRcDCDR
qlt±h XS .wuyR’D;EkmvDR’k;M>0Ju>D pH. (w±l;) t0h>cd.±S.[J0RH qDvRD t
ok;0JRvD>cd.oh.zJt.h ’d.cFeJ gvD>cX.o;M.vDRI
1941eH.< vgpJ;yxhbX.,y.qSXvDRtod.rSRH qlu>D trJ&uRtcgEkm

vDR’k;M>0JyvJubDoMvXtrh>trJ&uRxHo;k toMz;’d.’D;wh>vDR
4
rh.yd>zJ’.H phbX. (7)oDteHRM.vDRI vXw>tHRtCdvg’H.phbX.(8)oD

trJ&uRuJx.D tJuvH;tod.rSRH ’D;,y.ph>uD;bd;b.&RvD0v J Xu
’k;trJ&uR’D;jz.ph.ph>uD;M.vDRI 1941eH.vg’H.phbX. 15 oD< ,y.
EkmvDRrvhuD;’d.phR< tok;rk>cDCDRw>vD>vXtud;0J-u.bl.&H.
(Kraburi) zJttd.vX&eD< uD>uF. D wJ.’D;EkmvDRrRM>0J Victoria (cJtRH
ud;uhRtrHRvXuD;oD) uD>y,DRvmcDzv J grm±S;8oD< 1942 eH.M.vDRI
tJuvH;C.uFXreH.0HRtvD>cH[JuhRu&Xu&dqDvDRto;ud;0J
Burma Rifles ‘D;vXok;rk>tHRtzDvm’k;td.xD.0Jo;k xH;tuh>t*DRt
*kRt*RvXtzD.pku0JRwz.’ftrh>=
1I B.M.P (Burma Military Police)

2I B.A.F (Burma Auxiliary Force)
3I B.A.S (Burma Army Signal)
4I C.P (City Police)
5I B.T.F. (Burma Territorial Froce)
6I U.T.C. (University Traning Corps)
7I K.V (Karen Volunteers)
8I K.L (Karen Levy) oh.wz.vDRI
Burma Rifles tylRunDzt

d .d 0J 50μ rhr>h cF’D ;D ucF.h utd.0J25 μpkmpkm
C.C.‘D;uvkm*Rrh>w>pSRM.vDRI unDo;k zdtusgySRvXtrHR[lo.
zsguJc.d uJe>wz.rh>0J’yf RS ohtguwX>vXtrh>prH;’d< [gp.uF.’d’;D
p.zdoh.wz.M.vDRI ySRtqduwX>cH*RvJRrRvdb.ok;w>rRvd
vXuD>th’,.< 0h>Sandhura M.vDRI tqXuwD>0JM.ySRzD.pku0JRok;
5
rk> (Burma Rifle ) ’D;tok;xH;(8)’ftzsgvXx;cJvXmteD.*H>td.0JcH

uv;bsJ.tusg< xJ0>h wul.ylRtd.0J 4<000M.vDRI
p;xD.,y.rRM> (Victoria Point) 0HR1942eH.M.ok;usRd rd>yS>td.0J(4)

usdRM.vDRI tusdRwX= p;xD.weDo&H.t(Victoria Point)< tusdR
cH = ‘0J>’D;zJM.,y.qDvRD tok;&h.0JRvD>cd.oh.M.vDRI tusRd oX=‘f
tusRd rd>yS>tod;,y.ok;cd.usX> (Col.Suzuki) ‘D;ok;cd.usX>tD.qg’D;
tusRd (4) wcDEmk vDRzJz.t.’D;z.yl.tbX.pXR’D;Cd.vdmust d }wDR
M.vDRI
wkRrh>,y.ok;t*H>bgtg0J’;D tJuvH;b.*kRuhRtcHwwDRb.wwDR
’D;cDCDRqluD>th’,.M.vDRI zJok;rk>z;’d.vXtymCkm’D;unDzdw
z.EkmvDRqluD>th’,.tcgvXz.yl.=Cd.vdmusdwuyRud;0JvX
Cd.vdmuD>&h.unDupX>usgzJtu J vH;tok;cd. (Capt Seagrim) uXR
Cmw>vD>zJt0Jo.h td.0Joth .d ’D;unD(Levy)wz.M.vDRI w>tHR
uJx.D ,y.tw>ul.vXuvlRCkz.D M>0Jtu J vH;tok;cd.w*RtHR
M.vDRI
qXuwD>zJtJuvH;tok;u*kRuhRtcHtcg’D;,y.ok;yXuD>y,DR’D
bh.M. (Burma Rifles)trHRvDRr>0J’;D uD>y,DRtok;rk> B.I.A (Burma
Independance Army ) zsg’d.xD.0J0RH vXcHqw D vJuRh trHRql B.D.A
(Burma Defence Army) 'D;b.w>wDc. d &d.rJtRD vX Col. Suzuki M.
vDRI w>yXw>jy;wcD‘;D uxX.b;rD.uJuw d md cd.usX>M.vDRI tcgzJ
M.,y.tok;vlRCkz.D pH}uH (Capt.Seagrim) tzDc.d (BIA) tok;w
6
cDy,DRwz.[H;M>tcG;J t,m’D;’G.J tlumHG ’lo0D< zD.unDzwd Rk vXtrR

w&Dwygydmrk.wz.tusgvDRqD’.w>t*R (20) ’k;uJ0v J Xydmrk.[;
*DRvXtok;zdwz.t*D>M.vDRI
‘fM.tod;vXxHx.pG‹wuyRw>obH.bk.td.xD.0JtcgunDc.d e>
vXtu[ku,muhRtySRuvkmtusgtrHR[lo.zsgtguwX>rh>0Jzk
’D;uxX.p.pH.zd’D;zktlpDRbl;whwz.M.vDRI 1944eH.tylR< ,y.
zD.M> Capt. Seagrim (zJM.tcguJx.D Major)M.vDRI cDzsu d nDzw d z.
b.w>zD.tDRvX Seagrim t*h>zDc.d tgxD.e;xD.’D; Seagrim tup>
’.0J’;d zD.to;0HRw>rRoHtRD zJ0>h wul.ymCkmunDzEd *HG RvXtrh>ok;
cd.b;uF.D < pDR[Jb.H < pDRxdv<h pDRp.eH.< pDRyh.< pDRzHxX.< ‘D;pDRtg’h.
wz.M.vDRI wcsK;zJ Maj. Seagrim oH’H;b.M. Maj. Nimmo ’D;
Capt. McCrindle wz.oHvX,y.Ekmc;tDRzJttd.clo. l tvD>zJz.
yl.M.vDRI
1945=tJuvH;ubD,Rl [JuRh EkmvDR0h>wul.0HRtvD>cH,y.Ch>xD.

uGmH ’D;w>’k;0HR0J’;D tJuvH;y’d.yXb.uhRuD>y,DRwkRvXt[h.vDRw>
obsq › u
l >D y,DRzJvg,ElRtg&H. (4)oD< 1948eH.M.vDRI [D.cd.w>’k;
z;’d.cHbsw D bs0D RH tvD>cHunDz’d ;D uvkm*RvXuD>y,DRylRrh>*hRuD>t
*kRt*RvXtd.vXth±XS .’D;,l&yRrh>*hRtylRySRxHzu d >D zdtg*R[h.vDR
to;orltod;uD>tJuvH;rRvRuyDRuhRySRoHwz.cDzsdtwhM>0J
[D.cd.w>’k;cHbsw D bst
D w>oG.cd.< vDRqD’.w>zJ0>h wul.’D;uD>uF>D
wJ.tylRwz.M.vDRI
7
‘fyRS oHwz.b.w>rRvRuyDRtod;ySRtd.rl’;H wz.’D;trgvXtrlw>h

’H;vXt0RtvD>cHwz.vXw>oh.eD.t0Jo.h tw>[h.vDRto;t*D>
tqduwX>British Commonwealth Ex-service League (BCEL) u&X
td.xD.0J’;D CkxXzS.d ySRvXtrl’;H wz.M.’D;[h.rRpXR0J’t
f *H>tbg
td.’D;tDRp;xD.zJ1999eH.0HR< u&XtHRxH.b.0JvXtySRrl’H;wz.
td.uXtd.qd;0JtgupD’Db.q.tph*H>bgvXurRpXRw>wtd.
tgb.tCdymzSd.xD.to;’D; Burma Force Association (BFA)
M.vDRI cJtHRw>xXzSd.M>0JySRrl’H;’D;ySRvXtoHwh>’D;trgvXt
td.vDRwJmwz.td.0J(2<000)*RM.vDRI wrh>xJyRS unDwuvkm{dR
b.I ySRvXtb.bsK;’D;M>b.w>rRpXRwqH;wuh>ymCkm0J’;D cF<D u
cF‹.< u&h.eH.’D;unDzdM.vDRI wrh>w>vXw>ySJRvXyuoh.ngb.
[D.cd.w>’k;cHbswD bst D *h>tvXtySRJ tCd,Chun;b.vXyuz;
b.ySRrl’H;wz.’D;ySRoHwh>wz.tw>uGJ;zsgt*h>tusdRw>vJRcDzsd
w*RvXtoeX.’.0Jpmk pkmtylR’ftrh>w>oh.eD.ym’d.t0Jo.h tw>
[h.vDRto;t*D>M.vDRI
wHo&.cFg< u0DR (7 ) ySRxXzSd.w>

tJuvH;ok;vD>vHRzd’;D rk.urJt.d wh>wz.t*h>
8
[D.cd.w>’k;cHbsDwbsD’D;uD>y,DR
[D.cd.w>’k;cHbsDwbsD’D;uD>y,DR
[D.cd.w>’k;z;’d.cHbsDwbsDrh>pku0JRw>b.*Hm*lmt’d.uwX>’D;t
ql.uwX>vX[D.cd.w>pH.pdRwJpRd tylRM.vDRI w>’k;uJx.D vXrJ;’H.
xX.&heH,X.yD.vJ.< t;wvJwh;’D;ypH;zH;r;orH;tylRwu;’H;b.
uJx.D vXw>’k;[D.u0DRz;’d.vG>H u0DRvXtrh>pdb, H ;J uD>pXzS.d < u
vHRpd;tRz&HRuR‘D;rJ;’H.xX.&he, H X.< ,l&yRrk>Ekm’D;vXrk>xD.wu
yR(Far East)wz.M.vDRI xHuD>vXtymCkmvXw>’k;tylRwpSRM>
56bh.vXttd.’D;tpku0JR’D;tok;zdvXt*hRwz.’k;vdmto;oH
oHrrl ’l ;D rh>w>uJx.D to;vXtvDRo;b.’dwcgM.vDRI rh>w>’k;w
cgvXtq+.rJmuJRrJm< tvDRo;b.‘d’;D tuwD>,HmM>w>’k;t*Rw
z.’D;ySRoH0t J uuG>J Ckq’H ;D rh>0J[.D cd.’Db.h tySReD.*H>cHrs;u,RM.
vDRI w>’k;cDqX,y.wz.vX[D.cd.csXtw>vD>[D.u0DRoXylcHyl<
vXtymCkm’D;uD>y,DRM.vDRI w>’k;cHbsDwbsDtHR[JpdmM>w>o
bH.obk.vX[D.cd.’Db.h ’D;uwX>uGmH 0Jzw J >p;xD.oltxDr;h rh.yd>w
z.M.vDRI EluvH,gtpdRph>uD;p;xD.0Jzt J cg0JtRH M.vDRI
uD>y,DR’d;M>w>b.’db.xH;vX[D.cd.w>’k;cHbsw D bscD zD st
d w>td.
ol.vDRo;M.t&h’.d vX[D.cd.w>’k;cHbsDwbsDvXusJtgbdtCdM.
vDRI w>’k;cHbswD bst D ylRuD>y,DRb.td.vX,y.’D;}bH;xH;±Scf v D eH.
w>pdw>urDRcHct D zDvmM.vDRI ySR’k;vdmto;vXuD>y,DRtylRM.w
rh>xJ,y.’D;}bH;xH;±Scf zH b
k .I w±l;tok;rk>’D;trJ&uRtok;rk>wz.
ph>uD;[l;*JR0J’.vXrk>xD.uvHRxH;tgr;M.vDRI uD>y,DRM.t&h’.d
9
0JvXod.rSRH ’D;,y.cHzv k Xmt*D>zJtymvDRw>’k;tw>&J.usRJ wz.t

cgvDRI vX}bH;xH;±Sw f z.t*D>wcD< uD>y,DRt&h’.d 0JvXuqJ;usXvdm
to;vXuD>th’,.’D;w±l;uD>t*D>M.vDRI vXw±l;uD>t*D>< uD>
y,DRM.t&h’.d 0JvXtxHu>D tw>td.pH.td.usXRt*D>vDRI rhr>h uD>
trJ&uRwcDxH.uD>y,DR’ftrh>xHuD>t&h’d.vXuymCmw±l;uD>
vXw>’k;ylR’D;,y.tw>rRrh>tgvXtb.’k;b.,Rw>zJtRH wcDvRJ
rRwHmwmt0Joh.vXypH;zH;r;orH;tylRwoht*D>M.vDRI rhrh>uD>y
,DRtySRxHzu d >D zdwz.wcD< cDzsv
d Xtb.vJRcDzsb
d .w>’k;w>,RvX
tuD>ylRvXuwD>,HmtCdt0Joh.b.wl>w>e;e;usHRusHR’D;’k;td.
xD.tw>qdurd.b.C;w>zD.pku0JR< w>’k;w>,R’D;w>rReXRtD.
CD.vdmo;wz.M.yorXwohb.M.vDRI
cJtRH [D.cd.w>’k;0HRtd.teH.CkqC H .C.vHI ySRtd.wh>’.xJweDR

vXtuwJyF;ySRb.C;w>‘k;w>,Rtw>uJxD.o;< w>eXRw>C.
vXw>’k;ylR< w>xD.rRM>w>vD>< w>b.*kRcHwz.M.vDRI [D.cd.
w>’k;z;’d.cHbsw
D bsv D XtuJx.D vX(1939=1945) M.rh>w>t&h’.d
vX[D.cd.tw>pH.pdRwJpdRvXzdo.cJtHRwz.ub.rRvdt*D>M.
vDRI tCdrh>w>t&h’d.vXzdo.wz.urRvdM>w>vXyzHyzkvXt
vJRcDzsb
d .[D.cd.w>’k;cHbsw
D bsvD Xtup>’.0Jwz.wJy;F ySRM.vDRI
zJvmH wbh.tHRtylR< yxXEkmvDRySR (17) *Rt*h>M.vDRI
10
pD R prH ; ’d
pDRprH;’d
zkprH;’dvXtb.w>oh.ngtDR’fok;cd.usX>w*Rtod;tHRteD>up>
’.0Jt*h>tusRd vXtuG;J ym0Jwtd.b.I tCd’t f rgzHo&.rk.uG;J zsg
xD.0Jz.k zk.tzDc.d yuymzsgtDR0HR’fo;d yuoh.ngb.tw>rRvXt
rRwh>0Juoht*D>yueDRz;tDRcHywD>= wXywD>urh>w>uG;J uXRzS.d 0HR<
cHywD>wywD>ub.w>ymzsgtDR’ft0Jp;xD.EkmvDRok;’D;wkRttd.bS;H
0Jwpkt*h>M.vDRI
pDRprH;’dtd.zsJ.xD.zJ 1906 eH.< vged.0hbX. 27 oD ‘D; EkmvDRok;zJ

1924 eH.’ftrh>uD>y,DR< uD>th’,.’D;tJuvH;tok;rk>M.vDRI tqd
uwX>’fok;tw>rRvduwD>tod;xD.ok;w>rRvdzJrh.rFd;w>od.vd
ok;&h.vXtrh> W/ 20 th Burma Rifles vX Recruit Training tok;
xH; (Training Corps) M.vDRI
rRvdcD.wCmok;w>rRvdzJrh.rFd;0HRvJRxD.u’D;ok;w>rRvd 2nd
Battalion 20th Burma Rifles td.ol.vDRto;zJ Taiping, Malay States
M.vDRI zJtqXuwD>tHRt0Jb.w>uG>xGJtDRvX Adjutant – Capt
Rivers M.vDRI wkRrh>tzsx d .D Kitchener College 0HR’D;t0Jb.vJRrR
vdu’D;ok;w>rRvdzJ Indian military College Academy td.zJ Dehra
Dun M.vDRI
11
vXuD>th’,.ok;tcJ’rh.tpdRyD> (w>pH.pdRwJpRd ) tylRw>rRvdt0J

tHRrh>ySRtqduwX>wzkvXySRrRvdw>zdtd.0Jt*R (40) M.vDRI zJ
1932 eH.vgtD;uxdbX.ySRrRvdw>zdub.vDRqlr’l gtcgM. M.C
ok;cd. = Maj. D.T. Cowan bd;b.oh.ngxD.0J= ySRrRvdztd usgtHR
prH;rh>ySR?wX/ w*RvXtok;’htylRtHRM.vDRI
zJ 1939 eH.< vg’H.phbX. (19) oDteHRok;cd.tHR’d;wh’d;zsDto;’D;

o&.rk. Gha Win Nie Dun M.vDRI t0Jo.h xD.zdtzdr.k oX*RvDRI
wcsK;uD>y,DRw>obsM› >pSRvgM.tvD>tvRxD. 0J’f Lt. Colonel w
*RM.vDRI ‘D;trlt’grh>0J Deputy Inspector General vDRI wcsK;ySJR
xD.weH.’H;b.M.tvD>tvRxD.ql Brigadier ‘D;rl’gwcDr>h 0J Deputy
G.O.C of the Burma Army M.vDRI w>tHRtvD>cHwbsK;vgM.t0JuJ
xD.uD>y,DRok;rk>’d.tok;cd.usX> (Maj. General) M.vDRI
1949 vg,ElRtg&H. 4 oDuD>y,DRM>w>obs›vXtJuvH;y’d.’D;

(zIqIyIv) y’d.yXuhRw>M. vDRI y.wH.wz.ylx.D uhRuD>y,DRy
’d.wvgCDM.vDRI zJ,ElRtg&H. 31 oDz;zDr>k M.ok;cd.usX>prH;’db.
w>qSXtDRqluvD0>h ’D;rk>0gxD.< vgzhR-bLRtg&H. 1 oDM.b.w>’k;
td.bS;H uGmH tDRvXuD>y,DRok;rk>’d.tok;cd.usX>vD>vRM.vDRI zJo;k
cd.usX>prH;’dt.d bS;H tcgto;td.’.xJ 41 eH.{dRvDRI ’D;zJ 1979 eH.
vg,ElRtg&H.toD (30) zJto;td. 71 eH.M.’D;rHrmk 0J’.vXc&HmylR
M.vDRI
12
pD R prH ; ’d
rk>eHRvXp;xD.uJok;’D;vD>vR (‘fw>uXRzSd.vXtJuvH;usdm)
1924= 31 p;xD.EkmvDRok;’D;ok;zdx.D w>rRvdtywD>
1931= 35 Jemadar in 2nd Burma Rifles- (tcgzJM.trHRtd.
Smith wzsX.{dR)
1935 = 2nd Lieutenant ( Attached 2nd Bn. King’s own-
Yorkshire. L.I)
1936= Lieutenant – 2nd Bn.First Punjal)
1939= Lieutenant ( General list Burma Employed ) Burma
1942= Capt.(2ndBn.1st Punjal Regiment Acting Major with
Militatry Police)
1943= Tep. Major ( 2nd Bn. , 1st Punjal Regiment ) Acting
Lt. Col. (2nd Bn. 1st Punjal Regiment
1945= vgtD;uxdbX. War Substentive Major (weH.CD<
wvgCD ) Temp. Lt.Col.
1945= vged.0hbX. Acting Colonel
1946= Acting Colonel Special list ( Ex- Indian Army)
1948= Military Chief of Staff ( Burma) Local-Maj. General.
vRuyDRyeD.= Medals
1. Military Cross – 1946
2. India General Service medal
(1908-1935 with Burma 1930 –32)
3. India General Service medal 1931-39, with Claspi.
4. North West Frontier 1936- 37, 1939-45 Star
5. Burma Star 1941- 45
6. British War Medal 1939-45
7. Sword of honour.
ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ
13
pDRuFDM.xl
‘f t w>uG J ; eD . vXweH R b.weH R vH m uG J ; eD . b.w>qS X xD . ql

(BCEL) vXtrXRo&.rk.pwJ&h.xl
tul m wX
,EkmvDRuD>y,DRok;rk>’d. Burma Army zJvgtD;uxdbX. 19 oD

1932< zJ,el ;H (10) Burma Rifles tok;&h. 120 vX0h>rh.rF;d (cJtRH yF.›
tlvU.) M.vDRI ,eD>up>eD>*H>rh>0J(4047)vDRI ,xD.w>xXzSd.ok;
tw>rRvd (Recruit Training) 0HR’D;,b.w>qSX,Rql Burma Riflest
ok;&h.eD.*H> (3) M.vDRI tcgzJM.,ok;cd.rh>0Jo;k cd.’d.zd Maj. F.O.
N.Ford ‘D;ok;&h.cd.rh>0J Lt.Col. Buddet (rHRtzsX.u’D;wz.,w
ohe.D xHq;b.) zJ,rh>’H;’. N.C.O ok;o&.tywD>M.vDRI ,b.
w>qSX,Rqlusdzw d >rRvdzuJ >D th’,.0h> (Panchamari) ‘D;,zsdx.D
vXtywD> (Q1) vXw>ymyeD.tDRywD>wXwkRrh>,[JuhRql,ok;
x;He.D *H> (3) (Burma-Rifles) zJ0>h rg’vh’;D ,’d;M>rl’g’fo;k o&.od.
vdw> Instructor w*RM.vDRI ok;*h>0Dw>ul.b.ul.ohtylR,’d;M>
b. (Roma Urdu 2nd class and English First class) zJ1934=35 w>rR
vde.H tylRM.vDRI
14
pDRuFDM.xl
tulmcH
zJyvJRqS.0hR0DRw>vX0;uD>pJ.tylR,ySRok;zdpRD o.xhvRD uGmH vXoX

e.&H.w>’k;tylRvXy’k;w>’D;ySR0;zdwz.tcgM.vDRI rhr>h t0Jo.h w
cDtySRoH (30) ’D;vDRr>uGmH 0J (40) *RM.vDRI tcgzJM.yok;’hc.d rh>0J
(F.O.N.Fond)’D;ok;uhc.d rh>0J(Col.R.C.Fletcher) M.vDRI vXw>’k;
t0JtRH t*D>,ok;&›.[h.rRvRuyDR,RvXusdcyH sD (Double barrel)
wcd.’D;vHmtk.o;wbh.M.vDRI
tulmoX
wkRrh>,[JuRh qlr.h rF;d ’D;yb.w>ok;ySRqlr.h uv.’l.< 0h>wul.’D;

zJ1949,’d;M> (Jarmadar) vD>vRM.vDRI wkR[D.cd.w>’k;cHbsDw
bsD[JwkR’D;yb.*kRuhRqluD>th’,.[;xD.vXcD.vX0h>uo.M.
vDRI yok;usRd cd.rh>0J (Lt. Col. Abannethy) M.vDRI zJytd.vXuD>th’
,.tcg,EkmvDRql (Chin Levy) tok;rk>tylRM.vDRI cHe.H tvD>cH,
vJRxD.o’Xrk>w>rRvdvXuD>th’,.’fod;yuuhRqluD>y,DRt*D>
M.vDRI w>rRvdc.d rh>0J (Col.Toke 1.S1.D.C.O) M.vDRI ,oh.eD.
ySRok;zdw*RoHu>G ok;cd. ?ok;cd.{X< zJypH.H vDRo’Xrk>tcgo’Xrk>rh>w
td;xD.to;yub.rR‘fv.J / ‘D;ok;cd.pH;qXtDR< ?wkRrh>o’Xrk>w
td;xD.’D;oh.ngoyS>uwX>vXtrh>ezkvRD w>vXcHuwX>wbsDv/H
15
1939=44=eH.twD>ylRyu±l>zdyb.w>qSXu’guhRySRqlu>D y,DR’D;,
b.uJu±l>zdtHRtcd.’D;,rHRvXw>clol.tyeD>rh>0J (Bud Four)
M.vDRI vXbl.tXv>oDtylRyuzkvRD qlvmcDt*D>yysv D RD r>uGmH < ySR
zkvRD egpdRtCdco H ’D ;D cHeRtvD>cH< ,y.tok;zD.M>uGmH yu±l>zdwz.
zJyoH.txHx.pUM.vDRI ,y.ok;qSXuGmH ySRvXyoH.ql0>h wul.weR
CDt0JM.vDRI vXus’J b D Md .yb.w>rRqgy,GyJ RS e;r;vDRI ywkRxD.
vX0h>zdw0h>vXtrh>yD’.J (aygif;xnf) bl;’D;0h>wul.M.vDRI wkRrh>,
wl>w>qgwuJvXRb.M.,pSDRwH>ySRok;zdvXtrRqg,Rw*R
tpk’;D t0Jou H >G ,R ?b.rEkRezD.,RvJ./ ’D;,pH;qXtDR<?,zD.’D;
xd. uG>ezH;'D;,zH;tCd,oh.ngvXtrh>’.ySRunDr>k xD.zd’o f ;d ’.
,RM.vDR/ t0Jou H >G ,R?erh>ySRc&Hmzd{g/ ‘D;,pH;qXtDRvX,rh>ySRc
&Hmzd’;D t0JwqJ X,RvXogrh>ySRc&Hmzdw*Rph>uD;M.vDRI ‘D;t0Jwu J
’D;vX?erhr>h c&Hmzdewb.vDw>b./,oh.ngvXySRtHRrh>c&Hmzdo;k
cd.w*R’D;,wJqXtDR?,wvDw>b.I ,uwdRw>rh>w>wDvRD I vX
eRwcDewem,Rb.eb.rRqgy,Gw J ysKmySRqgwbX;bX;xJtRH ng
M.< ywb.w>rRqgySR’ftRH eDwbsb D .I/
tulmvGH>
vXw>[JuRh qlu>D y,DRtHR,rl’grh>0J’of ;d ,u[JuRh qJ;usX’D;pDRbD

eH.bG‹;vXyw>qJ;usX’D;tDRvDRr>wh>vH (6) vgw*RM.vDRI ySRqSXySR
ql0>h wul.tCdmylRtcg< ,vJRtd.b.vXw>’k;CmwzsX.tylR’D;
,uG>xD>w>’l.uyR,xH.rHRcHzsX>uG;J vDRto;vXtrh> Maj. H.P
16
pDRuFDM.xl
Seagrim ‘D; L.T pDRb;uF.

D vXtrh>wh>,wHRoud;vD>vHRzJ(3rd Burma
Rifles)M.vDRI Maj H.P Seagrim G.C.D. S.O.M.B.E.w*RCDvX
ySRunDursX>tg*Rud;nDEk>tDRzkxDcD.M.vDRI ,R’D;,ySRu±l>zd
wz.yb.w>’k;CmySRoXvg’D;zJw>’k;CmtylR,xH.vdm,o;’D;
pDRbDe.H bG‹;w*RM.ph>uD;vDRI
zJ,R’D;,ySRu±l>zdwz.b.w>ys>zs;J xD.ySRvXw>’k;CmM.< yb.ydm
xD.zk.cD. (,y.) tcHvXyub.uJyRS zDrRh zdM.vDRI ,y.tok;wzk
tHRtrlt’grh>ub.vlRCkx.H M>tJuvH;ok;&h. (136) td.w>tvD>
M.vDRI zJM.tcg,R’D;,oud;pDRoJ;0gusJ;pX;Ch>ylRzsJ;xD.M.vDRI
wkRunDvJbH ok;zdwz.b.oCdmySR’D;yydmxD.tcHqlupX>w
z.ud;0JupX>pH.zdzJ Lt Col. Peacock (vD>u0DRok;*h>0Dc.d )’D;Maj. Saw
ButleruJc.d uJe>vXok;&h. (136) tvD>M.vDRI ,rRoud;w>’D;t0J
oh.wkRvX (1945) eH.vgtDuml (15) oDz[ J .D cd.w>’k;cHbsw D bsuD
wX>teHRM.vDRI
tulm,J>
wkRrh>[D.cd.w>’k;cHbsDwbsD0HR0J’D;,uhRrRoud;u’guhRw>’D;,
ok;xH;vD>vHR (3rd Burma Rifles) 0HREkmvDRuhRql (2nd Karen Rifles)
vXtb.w>yXqSXtDR’D; (Col. Galbraith) M.vDRI 1946 eH.< ,M>b.
w>cG;J w>,mvX,uxD.b.ok;cd.e>zdw>rRvd’;D eD.*H> (3) rDx.w>
od.vdwz.M.vDRI w>od.vd0RH ,’d;M>b.q.cHz;D vDRI w>tHRtvD>
cHw>qSXu’D;,Rql B.O.A.T.S (uD>y,DRok;rk>’d.cd.e>w>rRvd
uF)d ,’d;M>ok;cd.pd (Captain) vD>vRM.vDRI w>qSXu’D;,Rql War
17
Office vX,uxD.w>rRvdvX (Q) tw>rRvdtvD>wkRrR0HR(Q

Course) M.,’d;M>b.rl’gzJ (Burma Army Officer Training School
B.A.O.T.S.) ’fo;k w>od.vdo&.w*Rtod;M.vDRI ,b.[h.w>
od.vdoXcgvXok;o&.od.vdw>tusgM.vDRI ,ok;qS.› rRM>w>
vRuyDR’fyRS t*hRuwX>vXw>rRvdtylRM.vDRI wcsK;yp;xD.w>rR
vdqn l gwywD>M.unDo;k zdcvJ Xmb.w>zD.‘k;CmtDRvDRI p;xD.vX
M.vHRvHRyw’d;M>ybl;yvJ’;D yw>td.bS;H phrRpXR Pension vXRb.M.
vDRI
tulmCk
p;xD.vX 1949 vgthjzh.M.,[JEmk vDRqlw>yX>qXtw>rRvXt
,Hm0J 15 eH.M.vDRI vXw>rR’DwuwD>,wrRM>,cG;J xJwoD’.vJm
tCdo;k cd.usX>pDRbd.rF;[h.vDR,RtcG;J cHvgM.vDRI tcgzJM.,rh>
ok;uh (6) tok;uhc.d w*RvX KNLA Karen National Liberation
Army M.vDRI vX,w>td.bS;H cHvgtuwD>,td.vX,[H.w>vl>
zdwzsX.tvdRtcgo0Dzw d *RqgvDRtD.uGmH ,R< vJR’k;eJ.,td.w>
tvD>tCdy,DRok;rk>vXrD.vrF.J ok;cd.’d.oDu.HF (Thoung Kyi) [Jz.D
,RM.vDRI oDu.HF rh>,wHRoud;vD>vHRvXyxD. B.A.O.T.S (cd.e>
w>rRvd)udt F cgyrRoud;b.w>’fo;d od;M.vDRI t0JurJG mk ,RvX,
urRoud;w>’D;tDRvXy,DRy’d.tylRb.q.,*h>vdmtDRvDRI vXcH
uwX>t0J[.h ,Rw>xl.zsJ;tvXtySRJ vDRI w>tHR0HRtvD>cH,xD.
uhR (Burma Divinity) (tJuvH;usdmvHmpDqSHuFd) ‘fw>rRvdvDRqD
weH.M.vDRI
18
pDRuFDM.xl
tulmEG H
wcsK;,zsdxD.vHmpDqSHuFd’H;b.M.w>ud;,RvX0h>wD.uFHbsXxHw>
td.zF.d vX,uuJw>td.zS.d o&.t*D>M.vDRI ,wl>vdmw>ud;tHR
’D;vJRuJw>td.zS.d o&.p;xD.vX 1967 eH.< vgth_z.h 16 oDwRk vDR
vX 1973eH.’D;zJ 1973 eH.M.w>td.zSd.[h.’d;,Rympk’D;,rRu’D;
’H;w>’fo&.’d.ympkw*Rtod;wkR 1989 eH.M.vDRI zJuD>y,DR’H.
rd.jch.pH.tw>wXxD.tuwD>M.,[Jqu l nDo;k rk>’d.t[D.u0DR
’D;rRpXRt0Jo.h ’fw>o;ckupD.tySR[h.ul.w>w*Rtod;M.vDRI cJ
tHR,td. 81 eH.b.q.,rR’H;’.up>,GRtw>rR’D;Chbgxkuz.
vX,GRu[h.vDRw>Clw>rkmvXuD>y,DRt*D>’D;td.cd;rk>v>vXuD>
tJuvH;urRpXRySRvXyutd.’D;w>obst › *D>M.vDRI
(b.q.ok;cd.pDRuFMD .xlt.d bS;H wh>vHvXw>rHrmk zJ 1995 eH.vgth
jzh.25 oD tCd< ,J’.< ‘ftrgo;bdw*Rtod;,pH;bsK;pH;zS.d b.ySR
tJuvH;zdvXto;unDRb.ySR< vDRqD’.w>yySRok;zdv>D vHRzdwz.
’D;qX*hRb.ok< pH;,JvXcHuwX>rf,GRqd.*hRb.okud;*RwkRw>vX
w>ySRJ wuh>I)
ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ
19
pDRrR±SX.±ì›.
pDRrR±SX.±ì.› < o;yS>p.±ì.› v;tzdcgG td.zs.J xD.zJ 1924 eH.vgrhR (24)oD
M.vDRI zJ 1941 eH.< vgpJ;yxhbX. (14) oDt0JEmk vDRtJuvH;ok;ql
(Burma Frontier Force, Signal) eD.eJ.zsgvXuD>y,DRx;cD0>h yF. D bG.J
M.vDRI tcgzJM.tok;&h.cd.rh>0J Major Hayfield ’D; 21/C Capt.
Nicolson wz.M.vDRI tok;xH;tHRb.w>u&Xu&du’guhRtDR< ’D;
vJuRh trHRql (Burma Signal) zJu>D th’,.0h> (Hoshiarpur) zJ 1943
eH.M.vDRI zJM.tok;cd.wz.rh>0J Maj. Carlyn (1942=1945) ‘D;
Lt.Col .R. Webb ( 1946 =47) M.vDRI
zJ,EkmvDRok;tHR,eD>up>eD.*H>rh>0J 1231 ( W/884 Burma Signals)

M.vDRI zJ 1949 eH.M.w>[h.,RvD>vR L/capt ‘D;zJ 1946=47
eH.tylR’d;M>b.vD>vR Capt- Sgt M.vDRI vJRxD.b.0J*>H cD.xH;usd
zdw>rRvd (Infantry Traning) 3 vg’D; ( Wire less Operator) w>rRvd
(6) vgM.vDRI
rh>vX,y.tuvHRok;rk>[JEmk vDRc;0h>wul.zJ 1941 eH.c&Hmtd.zs.J
teHRtCdok;xH;tHRb.ok;tvD>ql0h>zdteHpcg (teD;pcef;) vXt
bl;’D;0h>rh.rFd; (cJtHRyF‹.tlvG‹.) ‘D;,rRvdzsdxD.0J’. (Wirless
Operator) w>rRvdzt J eHpcgtHRM.vDRI
zJ,y.tok;rk>p;xD.< [JEmk vDRuD>y,DRM.ok;xH;0JtRH *kRtcHq0l >h rF‹;
uFeH g (ucF‹.uD>pJ.) vXvh.rh.tlM.vDRI b.q.td.0JxpJ RS oD0RH ok;
20
pD R rR±S X .±ì › .
xH;’Dzb
k .*kRuhRtcHvRJ w>vXcD.wkRuD>th’,.tylRM.vDRI tgeH.
tgoDtvD>cHvRJ wkR0Jw>vD>ud;0J (Ledo-Hukawng valley) upX>’h.phR
tcgyb.[;wh>0JtrH;vm(usJr;H vm) 105 vH’;D usJM.rh>usJwbdql
uD>th’,.M.vDRI rh>w>plRvDRoDtuwD>’D;usJbs›ucD ’J .d ’d.uvJm
vDRI rh>vXup>,GRtbskK;tzS.d tCd C.O Major Hayfield xk;xD.
[h.ok;zdwz.vXoXvgtbl;tvJM.vDRI wuwD>CDM.eD.eJ.zsg
(signals) yD;vDwz.b.w>xk;xD.[h.,eD.eJ.zsgok;’fod;uqJ;
usXok;0JRvD>cd.oh.zJuD>th’,.M.vDRI ySRtd.vXu±l>tHRtylRw
z.rh>0J< 1I pl.y.’.pDRzdtD.< 2I [D.b’>pDRxln h(xGef;_idrf;)< 3I
Naik pDRb;0h< 4I Lance Naik Sam Lut La, 5I vDuGgzdpDRcFH;zh.< 6I
vDuGgzdpDRed*H>< 7I vDuGgzdpDR Speuccer< 8I vDuGgzdpDReJvfpX.< 9I
vDuGgzdpDRrD.qh;< vDuGgzdpDRtD.±S.› < 11I vDuGgzdpDRrg±SX.±ì.› ’D; 12I
ok;zdpDRed&h. (vXtrh>pl.b’>pDRzdtD.tysJ>) wz.M.vDRI (wd>eD.=
vDugG zd = Signalman)
zJtuwD>tHRok;xH;rd>yS>wcD*Rk uhR’.tcHqu l >D th’,.tzXrk>M.vDRI
yu±l>zdtRH [;z;’D;ok;xH;rd>yS>pSRoD0RH tvD>cH< vXw>wqdurd.tylR
yb.oCdm’D;ok;uhc.d (Haswell) M.vDRI yxH.vdmtDRtd.xJw*R{dR
vXodvh.uFH;zf’D;txGH.zdw’kM.vDRI t0JwJb.yu±l>cd.vX,y.
[JEkmwkRvXrF‹;uFHegvH’D;rXyu±l>cd.vJRydmtcHqlpl.y&.bl.
(Subrabun) ucF‹.uD>pJ.vDRI ywkRpl.y&.bl.(ef) ’D;ytd.bS;H pSRoD0RH
wkRu’D;ql (Putao-Fort Hertz) vXtrh>ucF‹.uD>pJ.uvHRpd;yl.w.
td.w>yXM.vDRI zJM.,eD>up>’.,J,’d;M>w>vdRud>z;’d.’D;w>
n.*d>tCd (Lance Naik Samlu La) ‘D;vDugG zdr.D qh;wz.tH;uG>,g
21
bsgb.uhR,R*hRr;M.vDRI yvJRcdzsu
d su
J u J RH tvD>cHywkRCDR (Fort
D s,
Hertg) vXtrh>yl.w.td.w>yX*hR*hRylR’k.ylR’gM.vDRI
cDzsu
d p>,GRtw>uwJmuwDRvXtxl;wDR0JtCd< zJ,zDt.D rhRw[g
M.ok;uhc.d Haswell [h.vDRw>uvk>vXyub.vJRymzsgxD.yo;
’Do;k w>u,Xu,JtvXtySRJ ql (Fort Hertz) ubD,Rl ysMD .vDRI wkR
rh>ywkRubD,Rl yszD ’d ;D yxH.b.ok;t0Hpmd wDqXS (Dakota)ubD,Rl zdw
bh.td.ymto;M.vDRI w>[h.vDRySRw>uvk>vXyub.ym wh>us<d
usdcsHySmo.’D;u,J>ok;*DRu>ud;rHR’D;uxD.qlubD,lRtylRt
*D>M.vDRI vXy*D>rh>w>vDRurXur.b.ySRzJubD,lR[;xD.tcg
M.vDRI t*h>’ftRH rh>y’d;b.ubD,Rl tqduwX>wbst D CdvRD I rlc.d
uvHRoD.*DRb.vdmb.p;*hRr;vDRI wbsK;e.&H.0HRtvD>cHypDRvDR
b.zJuD>th’,.0h> (Tin Sukia) bs›bs›qSDqSDM.vDRI wkRrh>ypH.vDR
vXubD,Rl ysw D bsC D yD md rk.< rkmo;rRpXRu&Xwl>vdmySR*hR*hRb.b.
’D;’k;tDyRS xHcsDu>d vXRvXRzd’;D w>tD.w>tDr>l eD>*hR’d.r;M.vDRI b.
q.yok; uhc.d HaswellteD>up>’.0Jt.d wh>’.vX (Fort Hertg) yl.
w.td.w>yX’D;p;xD.u&Xu&dx.D 0JuvHRpd;ucF‹.vJb.H (Northern
Kachin Levies - NKL) ‘D;vDugG zdpRD cF;H zh.td.wh>’D;tDRvXuuJtys>J t
*D>M.vDRI (vXcHyoh.ngb.uhRvXok;uhcd. Haswell tHRoHb.
0Jrkmrkmck.ck.zJ 1942 uwX>tylRM.vDRI) zJ 1942 bl;uuwX>tHR
M.y[;xD.vX Tin Sukia‘D;ok;u’D;yo;ql Debrugah tw>td.bS;H ’J
u0DRM.vDRI yuhRymzS.d xD.u’gb.uhRyo;’D;yok;xH;rd>yS>’.0JzJ
Debrugah vJR0hR0DRqlw>vD>wwDRb.wwDR’D;[H;M>w>’k;ok;tw>
td.uok.cG;J wvgzJ0>h Amrisar Punjab bl;’D; Lahore uD>pJ.M. vDRI
22
pD R rR±S X .±ì › .
vXcHM.yok;xH;rd>yS>b.w>u&Xu&dxD.uhRtDRzJ (Hoshiarpur)
M.vDRI (Burma Frontier Force Signals) wcDymzS.d xD.uhRto;’D;
(Burma Army Signals) tySRwz.0HRymvDR0Jtcd.vX (Major Carlyn)
M.vDRI zJ 1943 eH.cD.xH;yb.xD.ok;*h>0Dw>rRvdvXtql.’fod;
yutd.uwJmuwDRyo;vXw>rJmngok;tw>[l;w>*JRt*D>M.vDRI
wkRrh>ok;*h>0Dw>rRvdw>&J.w>usRJ wz.0HR’D;w>[h.vDRySRtcG;J wvg
’D;y[Jt.d uok.vXycG;J tylRvXeH.yDu>D 0h> Darjeeling (Nepal) Hill
Station M.vDRI w>tHR0HRtvD>cH H BFF SignalstySRw z.uhRym
zsgxD.to;zJ (Hoshiarpun) M.vDRI ySRwz.M.rh>0J(1) [D.b.’>pDR
b;vh (2) Naik pDRug&H; (3) vDugG zdpRD xdtl (4) vDugG zdpRD tD.xdc.h <
(5) vDugG zdpRD uFeD .H 0h (6) vDugG zdpRD bJM.oh.wz.M.vDRI
y[H;M>cGJ;wvg0HRw>ymvDRM.yvD>zJ Imphal b.C; Manipur
vD>u0DRw>yXvX 14th Army Corps D Signals Light W/T Dettachment
Station tzDvmvXtb.w>yXqSXtDRvX Naik pDRuR&HpM f .vDRI ySR
vXt*Rwz.rh>0J21?CL/ Naik pDRuFeD .H 0h< vDugG zdpRD bJM.< vDugG zdpRD
tD.±S.› < vDuGgzdpDRrg±SX.±ì.› O.C (‘k;,Rrl’gcd.) Capt .R.E. Kitson
(Royal Signal) 2.I.C. Lient. Vault (India Signals) oh.wz.M.vDRI
wkR (1943) tuwX>w>ymvDRu’D;yvD>vXucF‹.uvHRpd;vJbH;pf
(N.K.L.)’D;b.w>qSXtDRvX Major Disilva ‘D;t 2.I.C. Major Rosnal
wz.’D;yb.ok;yvD>0HR[H;M>rl’gwwDRb.wwDRwkRvDRvXod.rSHR
ok;u±l>wz.vX General Stilwell wDcd.&d.rJtDRvXw±l;tok;rk>
K.M.T. rRM>yXuhRrF‹;uFe H gwpk< tqXuwD>rh>0JzJ 1944 eH.vgtDu;l
tylRM.vDRI 0HRtvD>cHw>ud;u’guhRySRqlo;k 0JRvD>cd.oh.td.zJ
23
Shillong (Assam)uD>pJ.tylRzJvgtD;uxdbX. 1944 eH.M.vDRI 0HRt

vD>cHw>[h.vDRw>uvk>’fyRS vXtrHRtd.uG;J vDRto;wz.uymzsg
xD.b.to;ql Lt.Col Mayneb.C; Inter Servies Liaison
Depantment (I.S.L.D) td.ol.vDRto;zJ0h>uv;uwg< uD>th’
,.tylRM.vDRI yuhRymzS.d rRoud;w>’D; I.S.L.D.‘D;yb.xD.o’X
rk>w>rRvdzJ0h> Jorhart uD>th’,.M.vDRI ypH.vDRvXo’Xrk>zJ
’k.’gtd.w>tvD>cHz0J >h z.yl.zJunDupX>usgvD>u0DR< ‘Dy’k;,RrHRcl
ol.rh>0J Blast (4) M.vDRI yw>ynd.rh>0J’o
f ;d yuCkM>w>upD.0HRuhR
vDRql0>h ’0J>wuyRt*D>M.vDRI vX,GRtbsK;xl;zS.d wDRtCdM.w
csK;w>rRys>’D;w>&J.w>usJR0HR’H;b.M.,y.y’d.ymvDRuGHmvHpku
0JRvXyXRbD(c|if;csuf)wtd.0Jb.zJvgtDul; 14 oD 1945 eH.0HRt
vD>cHy[JuhRu’g’D;ymzsgxD.yo;vX I.S.L.D.tok;0JRvD>cd.oh.zJ
0h>wul.< w>[h.vDRu‘D;ySR’k;,Rw>td.bSH;tcGJ;vXuuhRtd.o
ud;[H.zdCzD vd Xytd.vDRz;’D;tDRvX[D.cd.w>’k;cHbsw D bsv
D XvG>H eH.
tvD>cHM.vDRI zJ1945 eH.c&Hmtd.zs.J M.yuhRymzS.d xD.u’guhRyo;
’D;yok;xH;vD>vHRzJ0h>rh.rFd;M.vDRI zJvg,lRvH 5 oD1947 ,’d;
wh’d;zsD,o;’D;e;(ef)*FLvH.rFH;M.vDRI w>vRuyDRyeD.vX,’d;
M>wz.rh>0J< 1939-45 Star Medal ‘D; Burma Star Medal wz.vDRI
ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ
24
pDRthuFD.
pDRthuFD.
,td.zs.J vXo0Du’J; (uwdu k )f uF;J v;uD>q.zF.yl.uD>&h.ys.› xHx.

pUzJ 1920 eH.,rRvdw>zJ,lwD;(±Hk;a’guf)wDRcX.o;uFdvDRI ,[;
xD.uF0d RH zJ 1938 ‘D;,EkmvDRtJuvH;ok;zJ Sale Barracks (a*:&muH;k )
B.A.M.C. H.Q , OC trHRMajor Shanker vDRI w,Hmb. Dr. Mg
Mg Gyi xD.uhR0J’D;,Ekmb.vX Ambulance Section rhrh>ySRvX
Nursing section wz.b.xD.w>rRvdvXrh.uv.’d., rh.rFd;,
rgwvhvDRI Ambulance Section wz.b.xD.w>rRvdzJ Sale
Barracks wkRvXzk.cD.w>’k;bl;uuJx. D w>wlmvdmtgxD.ySRtoDt
cg,’d;M>vD>vRoXyV(ok;puDR) [D.y’. (Hovildar) vXuDRvRol
usmd vDRI ,uJx.D ok;o&.0HR’D;yb.w>CkxXok;’hw’h’;D qSXySRql0>h
rD.vrF.J ’Ju0DRymvDR0JvXrl;’d. (rk’)kH uyR&DbX;us;D vDRI ok;rk>t*R
tgzkt.d w,HR ‘D;ySRb.I ytd.vXyu&X>’.0Jpmk pkmwkRzk.cD.ok;Ekm
vDRvXuF.D wJ.uD>ylR’D;w>uvk>vDRyb.ok;yo; qlu>D qXzJr;F xH.I
‘D;qlru JG sv
d RD I zk.cD.M>b.ySRyF;us’J ;D cD0u
J >D qX’D;cDzsu
d mHG tJuvH;ok;t
Cdyb.ok;uhRqlvD>cHwqDwqDvDRI wkRvXrD.vrFJ.w>’k;uJxD.
wpJ;’D;ok;u’D;wkRvX0h>wul.vDRI zk.cD.tubD,Rl [Ju;d rk>eHRvDRI
od.rSRH wcDtubD,Rl zdr>h 0J AVG vDRI ubD,Rl td.pSRtCdb.xD.c;
vdmo;b.q.vXcHuwX>w>uvk>vDRvXyb.[;xD.uGmH vX0h>w
ul.’D;zJy[;xD.vXusyJ vJRcDzsb d .w>vD>tgwDRyb.rHp>h uD;cHeRoX
eRvX oDcgzF.< vXuFzd ’J .w>vXyxD.td.oh’;D rHow h wDRwDRM.vDRI
yvJRu’D;qlng’D;ok;zdb.’db.xH;wz.[JwRk vXytd.xDbv d RD I
25
ok;b.’dvXw>rJmngwz.[JwRk zS.d yb.uG>rRuqSt D ylRvD>< zXEkmu

oH.bd.xD.uhRweDR< ul;ugq;uhRw>ylRvD>bd.’D;qSXu’D;qlngw
wDR0HR[JwkRu’D;tg’D;pSRwl>vJ>pJ>_yJ;vDRI rhrh>ok;cJvXm[;xD.uGHm
zJx;D uF;teHRok;zdt.d wh>vXcHuwX>wzkb.’dtguwX>’D;rh>uDRvR
ok;wzkvRD I eHR0JtRH yb.rR First Aid tguwX>weHRvDRI yqSXuGmH
vXm’D;y0Jp>h uD;yb.ok;yo;wkRvXyF.H < tD.v.< o,J;rF;d < rhb<l ruG‹
oh.wz.’D;ytd.ywkmb.pSRoD0RH tvD>cHyRS qSXySRvXodv.h vJRcDzsd
b.rh;xH.v.< t.r&;yl.&;< wtd.ywkmb.I wkRvXpudik ;f ytd.y
wkmpSRoDtcgb.td;xD. First Aid Centre rRpXRySRqgwz.’D; qSXuHmG
tDRqlngyS>D yS>D ql India ugusrJ eH;yl.&;u,Du,Dyok;yo;qlwrl< u
vh0;usJvXubD’D;odvh.wbsDbsD< vXcD.usJwbsDbsD< cDzsdb.w>
vD>tgwDRr;b.q.woh.eD.xD.trHRvXRb.I tcgtHRySR India uDR
vRolursX>wz.yk’.H pdmzdvXtuv;td.uwX>usq J ;d uhreH RD oHb.
q.ySRuG>wtd.b.I td.ph>uD;uwX>usJ’DbdvDRI vXcHuwX>y’d;
b.odv.h qSXySRwkRvX0h>upX>cd.wzsX. Shillong td.vX Assam uD>
ylRvDRI ytd.bS;H b.wbsK;vgvDRI rh>vXw>rRwtd.tCdyvJRql0>h
ylRuG>w>*DRrl< vJRtD.w>vXw>tD.tvD>wbsDbsDvRD I
xHu>D zdt.d zJtRH wz.ud;vDRo;vXubH. Kasie uvkmrh>’. Assam

ySRupX>cd.wz.tD.obsK.oJ;o.tDrmD oh.cd.’fyRS unDupX>cd.t
od;vDRI ugusJwtd.b.tCdt0Jo.h ykx.D xd;< xd.‘h.< qD< w>ol
w>o.vXt[H.ylR0Hx.D 0JvXtcsXvJRql0>h ylRydmvdmtcHr.k ’D;cGgvJR
qg0Jvt J .D 0J‘;D [ko;tHo.’D;w>tD.t*RzJt.J ’d;0J0RH ’XEkmvDR0Jqt l
CRz;’d.tylR< 0Hx.D 0J’;D [JuRh oud;qlto0DwEGw H bsv D RD I bSt
D .d
26
pDRthuFD.
[H.vXupX>cd.upX>uyRt[H.M.w’d.< tcd.zk.zk.wu-xXvDRI
w>*d>bS.› vDRrRuJRrh.tlvXt[H.ylRrH0zJ rJ .h tluyRvDRI vX0h>ylRw
z.rRvdb.w>< ul.b.ul.ohx.D rH;±SX.uFt d .d ph>uD; tCdux
J .D ySR
c&Hmzdt.d ph>uD;weDRvDRI
ySRo0Dzw
d z.0Hw>vXtcsXtD.obsK.< tDrmd us’d o
f ;d ySRvXuD>y,DRt
w>uwdRvDRqDu;d vDRto;vXu.qH.’D;uwdRw>’D;ySRvX Hindi w>
uwdRvDRI w>vD>zJM.ySRc&Hmzdtd.b.q.yvJRwwkRvXto&dm
b.I w>qSXu’D;ySRql0h>yleg Poona ‘D;ytd.b.vX0h>tcsXzJok;tg
zkt.d qd;tvD>yxH.b.ph>uD;ok;t*RvXtrh>y.cF.yH.< uD>&cg< cFD
ok;zdtoD’D;&cX.ok;toDwz.rRvdok;w>rRvdzJ Burma Rifles,
Burma Army, Signal M.T wz.vXtvD>’.0Jw*RwwDRpkmpkmvDRI rR
u’D;vXcHwwDRw>qSXySRql Hoshiapur td.vX Punjab yvJRtd.b.
vX0h>csXb.xD.w>rRvdtuvkmuvkmvDRI
ytd.zJM.tcgw>CkxXxD.u’D;ySRwzkvXuvJRvXw>rJmngw>vD>
bl;’D; Inpal zJzk.cD.ok;rk>[JxD.’k;w>’D;tJuvH;ok;rk>’D;b.C.u
’guhRto;wbst D vD>rh>vXw>tD.vlRxD.tDRwwkRb.’D;ySRe.u;
upX>cd.zdwz.tbkwtd.b.tCdvRD I ,vJRtd.b.zJM.pSRvg0HR
,M>tcG;J [JuRh td.bS;H vXvD>cX.o; (H.Q) zJyel g (Poona) tcg< ,
ChtcG;J ,vJRqlu;v;uwg’D;xH.M>wHRoud;weDRyvJRoHu>G ’D;w>
wl>vdmySRyEkmvDRw>rRzJ US Army 101 b.vJRvXubD,Rl ’D;pH.vDR
vXw’Xrk>vDRI [h.0Jw>od.vdzw J >ol.vmz;tus;D ylRpSRvg’D;w>rX
vDRySRcJvXmCd;*RvDRI y’d;xD.ubD,Rl vXrk>eR’D;ypH.vDRb.vXo
27
’Xrk>zJ&rd ;upX>vdRbl;’D;0h>und;uG‹vRD I ytd.zJM.tcgyvJR[;ql’l

o0DweDRvXbl;’D;zk.cD.vh>vdRusq J XS w>upD.tusgvJR’D;wdvXzk.
cD.oX*RvDRI ySRqSXt0Jo.h vXvh.’fo;d ucDqrl >k xD.’D;qlu>D uF.D wJ.
t*D>vDRI
zJM.tcgzk.cD.wz.CkvRJ cDqrl >k xD.wuyR< ySRc;pJ;_y;J wz.vlRcd;c;

t0Jo.h ’D;b.’dtgr;vDRI ‘D;zk.cD.oX*RtHRurh>ok;cd.wz.vDRI t
0Jo.h pdmCkm’D;e;z;xD’;D zk.cD.eD.w,>M.vDRI yySRwz.tHRvJRcd;zJ
vh.usRd usuJ wHmupX>uql;ylRtd.0JvXvD>xDx.D wwDR’D;wkRvh.[J
wkRc;pdCRD 0J’;D zJtpkx;k vH’;D c;wH>0JwbsDCo
D o
H X*RvXmvDRI zJv.h
ylRySReD.vh.w*RpH.vDRCh>wysKmud;uhR0Jb.q.ysRH w>wcDc<D w>bS;H
o;vXcHw>ud;pduhRtDR’D;oh.ng0JtCd[JuhRvXw>ysHRw>zk;tylR
vDRI rRM>0JvHmvJ>< eD.w,>’D;e;z;xDwz.cJvXmvDRI wrh>vXt
ub.wde.d vXReDwbsb D .I
tvD>cHy[JuRh zJyud0>h rHweR’D;ySRqSXu’guhRySRql0>h wul.0HRw>xk;

xD.[h.ySRvHmtk.o;w>rRpXRw>bl;w>vJwz.’D;oHu>G 0J?rh>oku
rR’H;w>rRzJv.J ’D;tvD>rh>td.yuqSXok/b.q.ywJvX< ?yuuhR
’D;td.bS;H vXy’lo0D/ ’D;y[;xD.zJM.tcg,oud;vD>vHRw*RwJ0t J J
uvH;ubDo;k ud;ySRubDzt d oD RNVR Burma zJ St. Paul uFu d &X>
tHRvDRI ,vJRzJM.xH.vdmo;’D;ySRoDzv d XyoH.wz.vDRI yvJRyF;y
o;vXw>qg[H.’D;yb.w>wl>vdmzJM.vDRI zJM.tcgySRunDtcd.
weDRtusgvXtrh> Saw Jack, Raymond Tun Myine, Shwe Thee,
Magsi Po Thing oh.wz.td.0Jwbsb D s,
D vJRb.vXubDo;k tqH;
28
pDRthuFD.
HDML td.b.wvgcHvgtgbs’D ;D zJ,td.vXcdtcg,b.vJRcd;rl’gw

bsbD spD >h uD;zJu>D cd.t[H. Government House M.vDRI zJo;k cd.’d.tD.
qgb.w>rRoHtDRtcg,td.’H;zJvD>cX.o;zJ St. Paul uFdu&X>t
ylRvDRI ,e>[lyRS [JuRh wz.wJ0, J R’k,woh.ngw>eDwrHRb.I zJ
udRvR[h.uD>y,DRw>obs›0HR,oud;tg*R[;xD.tCd,Ch[;
xD.uGHmzJM.vDRI ,[;xD.td.zJ (bdw k pfaxmif) tcg,EkmvDRrR
w>vX BBTCL oh.pJ;ylRt cg,xH.uDRvR[JuRh vXyF‹regoh.yS> Mr.
Jame, Mr. Brown, Mr.Rees oX*R[Jw, J RvXtJ.’d;0JyRS unDzo d X*R
vXuvJRql British North Borneo uvJRtd;xD. oh.w>rRt*D>vDRI
,oHu>G t0Jo.h yub.rRrEkRvJ.’D;t0Jo.h pH;qX,RvX?yuvJR
[;uG>oh.yS>< b.rHb.td.vXyS>ylR< zDt.D w>tD.’fot k .D tod;y0J
ytD.rhR’fo;d okov h RD I/
y0JunDoX*RuFD.±S<› 0grd.’D;,Ry’d;xD.ubD BISN zJ0h>wul.cDzsd

yH.e.wkRvX0h>phuzl’d;xD.ubDzdwbh.wkRvX Sarawat t0h>cd.
Kuching td.pSRoDig0JubDzw d bh.}wD>ySR (30) *R[;xD.qly.D vJ.
uX>cd.wwDR0HRwwDREkmvDRzJxHusdzdtylR’D;xD.qlxHcHrh>bl;’D;o0D
Chr0H zJ yJ RS xHzu
d >D zdzMJ .wz.to0DyRl vDRI ySRwz.tHRto0Dzrd >h td.
t’l. 30=40 b.q.bS’D .[H.z;xDwzsX.’l.w’X;w’X;’D;ySRw’l.
td.w’X;’Dzd’DvHRxGH.o.rH,DRtd.vX[H.ylRcJvXmvDRI CDvXxD.
[H.ylRM.oh.wusD.usDywD>0JwywD>wywD>xD.pH.vDR0J’.zd’;D vHR
M.vDRI rk>eRcgxk;xD.tCDq[ l .H ylR’D;vX*DRuvJRw>tcgpJRvDRuhR
0Jq[l .D cd.vdRvDRI ySRwz.tHRtuh>t*DRvDR*m’D;ySRunDxgulxg
uR’fo;d ySRb.q.tqhuRtd.’D;tpkz;xDvRD I td.vX[H.tcg,
29
wxH.uRqhb.I td.xJtvJvRD I vJRql0>h tcgr;uRxD.0Jtqh<

zs.D xD.tcd.zs.D qJ;vDR0Jx.d uD;xd.cht’H;vHmxD.0Jx;d rJp.JG vXtudm
wCDRwl>0JvXe>ylRvDRI ‘D;qJ;tudmvXuoH.*DR< uoH.olto;eg
yS>’D;zHb.cd.ph>uD;vDRI [;vXySRusgySRoh.ngwbsDCv D RD I
yvJRw>’D;uDRvRwz.tHRvXcHuwX>ywkRvXw>vD> Sandakan p;
xD.rRoud;w>’D; Coy t*Rwz.vXtrh>uvHRxH;bDe, H .d w>rRoh.
tok;qS.› (North Borneo Timber Coy) 0HRrRtgxD.u’D;0JzJ Tawau
0h>uyRrRxD.usxJ ;k vDRoh.qlxu H syd Rl vDRI ubDzw
d z.wcD,x l ;k ql
yD.vJ.‘D;ubDz;’d.wz.wcDt.d cd;’D;xk;xD.ymvDR0Jqu l bDvRd ’D;
qSX0Jql Hong Kong , Japan ‘D;qlr>k EkmuD>wz.ttd.vDRI
,[JwRk vXbDet H .d Borneo rh>pUz;’d.wpU’;D w>yXtDRvXySRcHuvkmI

tJuvH;yXwuyR’D; Dutch yXwuyRvDRI ,J,vJRwkRM>rh> Sarawak
vXtJuvH;yXwuyRt0h>cd.rh>0Jccl .›F (Kuchin) vDRI ,vJRwkRzJM.,
xH.b.ySRuD>zdwuvkmud;0JvX Dayak Eban vDRI tydmcGgwz.t
e>ylRz;vJ>< ‘H;0JvXxd;zgtrJp.JG qJ;oltudm,l>o;egyS>zHb.cd.vXu
oH.ol’D;t*DRvDRI ytd.zJM.wEGHbsJ.yudRvR0gwz.igxD.ubDzd
Mortor Boat wbh.ySRoXqH’;d ohvRD I y0JoX*R’D;yudRvRoX*R< y
‘d.oh.yS>rRw>zdc*H RCkm’D;ySRrvhyRS rRw>zd (10) *R’d;xD.ubDqyl .D
vJ.’D;ydmvDRyD.vJ.eHRqlr>k xD.wcDx.H b.xJ ("ed) xl.uwX>rJm’D;
vJRqlngxHusdzdwbdzsdxD.qlyD.vJ.eHRyubDzdEkmvDRCD.xD.
qlxcH vH RD I w,Hmb.wkRvXxHbsgxHqXvXxHcw H cDvRD I vJRu’D;wkR
30
pDRthuFD.
o0DwzsX.rh>ySR Dayak o0Dt0Jo.h td.[H.wzsX.{dR’Do0DvRD I t[H.

M.rR0J’yf RS rRw>zdt[H.z;xD’.k 0J’X;w‘X;ySRtd.w’l.< ySRutd.t
’l.oXqHbs.J td.oud;0J[.H wzsX.CDvRD I [H.tcD.z;xD< CDt.d 0JcH

bdtuwX>wcDwbdvDRI rk>eRcgxk;xD.tCDql[H.ylRrk>qh.0g’D;
pJRvDR0Jq[
l .D cd.vXt0Jo.h t’X;rJmngvDRI yxH.b.ySRcd.CHwz.
bs;vDRpJR0Jzt
J ’X;rJmngtCdyoHu>G wJ0v J XtzkwzktpdRM.ySRwz.
tHRwRvdmo;rwR’lrwRbl.,RvJ.[Jx.D < twcDp>h uD;rh>eR{gbl.
,JoX.I w*R’D;CJmz;xDydm0JpyJ.±SX.< us›0Jth.r;wkRcH*RvXmuG>
qX.rJmxk;xD.CJmvX}wD;ylRxGx J .D tcD. (odik ;f uGu)f xGq
J nl gxGqJ l
cHub.wbsK;e.&H.wkRvXcHuwX>ozSu d sDvmd to;vDRI yySRvXt
rlw*R’D.0JyRS oHw*Rtudm[JuRh pdm0Jxt J cd.o.CHwzsX.ym0JwRk
tzH;tn.vDRyvhRtd.wh>xJc.d CHwzsX.bs;vDRpJR0Jzt J ’X;rJmngwkR
vXtzdpdRvHRpdRymuG>uD0JvDRI vk>v>wcgtHRrhrh>cJtHRwtd.vXR
b.I ,HmvHxv J .J wJwb.b.I rRu’D;zJ,vJRwkRzJM.yst J .d ySRvX
t[H.ylR’D;uDRvR’D;y0JoX*RvXmyrHytd.vXt[H.vDRI t0Joh.
vJR’X.xHvXxHusdylRvXxHvl>o.tukvDRI w>vD>zJM.,wxH.
0.b.I yrh>’X.xHypdmxD.xHvl>o.tukyvJR’X.xHvXxHusdylR
vDRI w>vD>zJM.w>w*d>wud>tgb.tCdt0Jo.h wuRqhuRb.I
td.bh.qh’eD RH rk>cGgcJvXmvDRI trk.ueDRz;‘d.< rk.ueDRzdwz.wuR
qhtCdyuG>yurJmrd.uH;o;wpJ;wpJ;wkRytd.xH.b.nDE>k vHwbsD
wb.w>eDwrHRvXRb.I wbsDtrk>yS>zdw*R[JrX,ud;yF;tDRw>u
vk>’ftrh> bI bSI bSXI 0I C wz.tHRwJ0JySRrvh’D;w±l;wz.wJw
31
xD.b;tCd,oHu>G eRvDRI zJM.tcgywohuwdRrvhusmd tCdyw

usXvdmo;b.ySRoh.wz.tHRwkRvXcHuwX>,u[JuRh qlu>D y,DR
tcguluR’fyRS ulyRS uRcJtRH wz.tod;uqSu
J qSyD md rk.wz.uRqhz;
xDrRwuHtcd.olrR*DRted;bdwz.w’fo;d vXngvXRb.I ,p;xD.
vJRvX 1949 eH. 1952 ,Chtd.bSH;’D;[JuhRqluD>y,DR’D;zJ,[J
uhR,rRw>zJ Tawau North Borneo Timber Coy M.vDRI
yvJRrRw>p;xD.vX 1949 ‘D;,[;xD.[JuRh zJ 1952 ,[JuRh wkR

vX,o0D,qdr.d ,urRw>wrHRrHRb.q.,rRwb.eDwrHRb.
tCd,ydmxD.,oud;w*RtcH’;D [Jqrl >k xD.wcDvRD I wkRvXw>vD>
vXySRud;xl0gvl>M.,qdurd.vX,urRok;t*D>’k,u,d;usd’D;
[;vXupX>usgvX,o;xJtRH ’k,rRwyh>vXRb.I zkpv D rd.ok;cd.
*D>*h>rX,ydmtcHM.vDRI ,Chun;tDRvX,cD.wcDugwusX>b.
tCd,[;td.qgxD.wbsw D bsv k .h uF.H < zkw%k>< QMG
D RD I tCdzt
ud;rX,td.’D;tDR’D;&DbX;xG‹’;D zJyRS rX,rRw>zJtohorF;M.vDRI zJr.J
o0DyRS [JyR›S w>wpJ;wpJ;tcgySRtd;xD.us;vXtqgt.vl< rd>[J’;DyRS
rX,[Jt.d rRpXRvDRI w,Hmb.}wJRuJx.D ’D;zkvX>0grX,rRuhRzJy
’d.xHrt l vD>vDRI wkR’k.’g[Jx.D c;rJ.w0Dtcgok;cd.xJeX.rX,[;
xD.Ckm’D;ySRtd.zJ0RJ ’X;wz.ydmrk.< ydmcGgcJvXmycDq, l Rd uD>’D;cd.e>
usRJ vXyutd.zJbeD >D x.’f’u J 0DRtod;vDRI
,td.’D;zkyRJ ’lwz.tcg,ChvRJ [;qlbs;H A’0J>uD>&h.’D;,[h.wh>rl

’gvXzkyRJ ’luuG>wh>’Ju0DRvDRI ‘D;,vJRzJM.,w[JuRh ’D;td.wh>zJ
bs;H A’0J>uD>&h.rJ>orH.x.0HRtvD>cH,[JuRh ydmo&.&DbX;tcHqrl J
32
pDRthuFD.
qD; KRC 0JRvD>vDRI ,vJRu’D;oh.bDbv

d RJ ol.bkcrh >h 0HRw>vD>tHRy
ol.vDRoh.y[H.wz.vDRI y’d.o;wDo.h yS>wcD&.J usRJ 0JvRD I ,rR
b.xJweH.zd’;D ySRbd;bkct
h qXuwD>w>n.*d>xD.,R< ,[JuRh ql
o&.&DbX;ttd.vDRI
0HR’D;y’d.bH.bD,Rl zD’;D ok;cd.xlxv

l [
h u
J ;d ,R’D;[Jym,RzJC.d oX
zsX.zJwvXR< unD’;k vdmo;0HRtvD>cHvRD I ,td.zJC.d oXzsX.’D;ok;
cd.rguF.D rh’;D w,Hmb.M.rh>vX’k.’gxD.Cd.oXzsX.tCd,[Jt.d
zJp.cv;vDRI w,Hmb.oMrD.’Ju0DRtd.xD.yud;zS.d uhRursX>’D;
td.zS.d uhRzJoMrD.’Ju0DRylRvDRI zJtcgtHR,b.[JuRh td.vXp.c
v;0JRvD>rh>vXw>rRpXRrh>[JuvJRqloMrD.usw J td.tCd’;D vXcHw
pJ;o;yS>rg%SX.[JuhRuG>uhR0JRvD>’D;,td.oud;’D;tDRwkRvX 2004
eH.< vgrhRtylR,[Jy;F ,o;vXw>qg[H.uoH.o&.uG>,R0HRwJ0J
eo;yS>e-uX;td.bS;H vH’;D p.cv;w>td.zS.d ydmrk.u&XusRJ M>,vD>zJ
o&.rk.phzt D u&X>ylR[H.td.uvDwzsX.tylRtd.’D;zH’;D zko;yS>w
eDRvDRI
vXcHuwX>zJuoH.o&.oHuG>,o;eH.,wJvX,td. 84 eH.vH
tCd,ub.td.bS;H ,qdurd.vX,rh>b.td.’D;ySRw*R*RvXu
b.uG>xG, J RzJ,o;yS>tcg’k,zd,vHR’.,J{>D wtd.vXRtd.xJw
*R{dR’k,uvJRtd.vX’Ju0DRylRzJwRH oud;tgtvD>vDRI o;yS>rg±SX.
wJ,RvXerh>uhRtd.vX’Ju0DRylR’D;’Ju0DRcd.uusRJ M>eR[H.vXeu
td.’D;uG>xGeJ RzJeql;eqgtcgohvRD I b.q.cDzsyd RS usRJ M>,Rw>vD>
tCd,td.’H;’.w>zJtRH vDRI ,emvXrh>’.w>qd.*hR[JvX,GRvDRI
33
tCd,uo;rH’.’ftHRvDRI ySRweDRuGJ,RvX,uvJRuD>csXuD>oX
bh.wbh.,qdurd.vXzJ,o;’kwrh>b.I rh>b.up>to;’D;qSX,R
’k,uvJRvDRI yySRuvkm[;xD.qlu>D csXweDRvHI wrs;u,Rr;w

td.’H;b.I ySRtd.wh>’f 99 rs;u,Rup>,GRrh>b.o;qSX’D;yu
vJR’gcDvRD I rhr>h yySRuvkmvXtvJRwh>vHwz.rh>ySRvXpl>uhRemuhR
w>wz.tCdcgvXt[;xD.cJtRH rh>cg’fv.J vXtySRuvkm*D>uoh.
ngvDRto;upD’v D RD I
ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ
ok;cd.pH-u›
34
pDReHRurSHzDvf
pDReHRurSHzDvf
,R< pDReHRurSzH vD f ( Smile Paul ) EkmvDR (136) unDp;J _yJ;ok;&h.vDR
qDtcg,o;td.’H;’.21 eH. M.vDRI p;xD.EkmvDRpJ; _y;J ok;tHRp;xD.
’.vX[D.cd.w>’k;cHbsw D bspD ;xD.vHRvHRvXok;cd.pH-uhtpkzv D mM.
vDRI wkRrh>ok;cd.pH-uho’H ;D Col. H.W. Howell rRoud;Ckmw>’D; Maj.
Torry wkRvX, y.y’d.ymvDRuGmH pku0JRwpkM.vDRI cJtRH ,o;td.
vH (80) ‘D;,rgeD>rF;,h>td.0J (82) eH.vHM.vDRI qXuwD>zJ,rR
w>vXok;&h. (136) uwD>M.,’d;M>b.vD>vR’D;,b.w>ud;,R
vX Lt.Smile Paul M.vDRI
zJuvHRxH;ok;rk>[;xD.uGmH cJvXmvXuD>y,DRtylRM.ok;cd.pH-uhvX
unDursX>ud;0JvXzkxcD .D td.wh>vXunDupX>usgtcg,rh>ySRrRo
ud;w>’D;tDRCkm’D;unDo;k zdpRS *RM.vDRI zJo;k cd.pH.}uHu&Xu&dx.D
unDrmk o;rRpXRok; (Volunteer Force) tcgymCkm’D;,,D;z;pDRb;
wh.rh>uoH.rl’gcd.’D;,,D;z;wh.uF.D [H;M>rl’gvXw>CkxXzS.d ’k.’g
tw>upD.M.vDRI ok;cd.pH-uhu&Xu&dxD.M>0JunDzdvXz.yl.u
pX>usgvXrkmo;rRpXRtok;’D;unDzt d g’.w>wuh>EkmvDR0JvRD I y’l.
zdxXzdEmk vDR0JvXySRusgwbsK;*RM.vDRI wkRrh>,y.ok;oh.ngxD.y
w>[l;w>*JRwpk M.t0Jo.h p;xD.vlR< Cd>< Ckurl.< rRtXrRe;xD.
unD’zl o d 0Dz’d o
f ;d uzD.M>t’k.t’grd>yS>zkxcD .D M.vDRI t0Jo.h [;
Ckz.D unDzv d XtwemM>< qdurd.ur.0Jwz.< rRqgy,G0J t J g*Rqg
r;wkRunDursX>vXz.yl.wz.b.ud>b.*DR0JM.vDRI vXcH,y.ok;
35
zdwz.rRoHumHG (Maj. Nie Moe ‘D; Maj. Maclinton) 0HRvXcHuRh M.zD.

0JunDzt d g*R’D;’k;Cm0Jzo J cD gzF.zJvX>’d.o0DtylRM.vDRI ,pDw*R
b.w>zD.M>rRqgy,Gt J RD < bs;vDRpJRqJc.d vDRvmtDR’D;xlwvh.t
cD.vdRrd’D;x;tul.usD.tCdwl>0JwySJRb.’D;wJzsguGHm0Jw>cJvXm
wkRt[h.vDRuGH0J,usdvXtymclol.0J’.vJmM.vDRI vXcHuwX>
,uG>vX,’l.zdxXzd< ’lzo d 0Dzt d *D>’D;,uhR[h.vDRuGmH ,o;ql,
y.ok;tplyRl vDRI pku0JRvX,[h.vDRuGmH wz.rh>0J Tomy gun wcd.<
pkr.h yd>tzsX. 303< Rifle wcd.< Double barrel shortgun wcd.vXok;
cd.zkxcD .D [h.vDR,,D;z;M.vDRI wkR,uhR[h.vDR,o;0HRtvD>cH
,Ch>ylRzs;J xD.M.vDRI rh>vXvX>’d.w>yXtylR< unDzt d usgw>bH.
w>bXvX,*D>wtd.tCd,uhRql0>h wul.< w±l;usg (China town)
rhr>h ,rHRyS>ydmcGgw*R,y.orHord;tDR’D;wJzsgxD.vX,vJRxD.upX>
cd.uG>xGzJ x k cD .D (pH-uh) ‘D;zkxcD .D [h.tDRus>D rd>vXuqH;tDtEk>xHt
*h>wDwyD syD st
D Cdwb.w>rRql;rRqgtDReDwrHRph>uD;b.I t*h>’ftRH
,y.tySRorHord;w>zdu.0.b.w. (Kawabata) w*REkmvDRqly
[H.ylRvXurRql;rRqg,rHRyS>ydmrk.t*D>M.vDRI w>M.tvD>cH< ,
y.qSXzS.d unDursX>wz.qlp.H nD.uG>D bs.D toDvXw>orHord;t*D>
vDRI
unDwz.rh>w[h.tcGJ;b.q.< rh>vXok;cd.pH-uhuG>unDzdwz.
b.w>rRtXrRoDtRD tHRwrkmto;’D;wl>0JwuJvXRtCd< vXw>o;
unDRb.unD’u D rsX>tCdt0JvRJ [h.vDRuGmH to;ql,y.tpkyRl
M.vDRI t0Ju[h.vDRto;t*D>,y.tok;cd.usX>tX.vDRCmtDR
36
pDReHRurSHzDvf
vXrh>[h.vDRto;M.wb.rRql;rRqgrRoHtDRt*h>tCduhR[h.
vDRto;rkmrkmM.vDRI b.q.zk.cD.tok;cd.usX>tHRrR[;*DRtw>
tX.vDRt0JM.’D;rRoHok;cd.pH-uh (zkxDcD.) zJ0h>wul.uF.wD (}uH
aw1) w>oG.cd.Ckm’D;tys>J unDzv d Xt[JuRh vDRvXo’Xrk>wz.M.
vDRI ,oud;cH*RvXtrh>rD.uF.D uF<H Burma Rifels ok;zdvXzkxcD .D tJ.
b.tDR’D;,oud;pDRtHe.d rF.J vXt[JuRh vDRvXo’Xrk>cH*Rvdmb.
w>rRoH’;D ’XEkmtDRvXoh.qSw d vgwzsX.CDtylR’D;b.w>cl.vDRuGmH
tDRM.vDRI wkRrh>ye>[lw>tHR’D;yvJRxD.qlupX>usg’D;rXo0Do;
yS>qX*hRrlvXxH,md bDx.o0Dw*RqSXySRqlo’Xrk>vDRtvD>M.vDRI
zJM.,xH.vdm,o;’D; Col.H.W Howell ok;xH;cd.< ok;cd. R.J.
Barren, ok;cd.0hvp f X.< ySRzD.vDysRH ok;puDR Roe ‘D;ok;puDR Hanney
wz.M.vDRI Col. Howell wJb. Capt.Burrell ‘D; Sgt.Henne yuvJR
u&Xu&dyXqSXuhR 136 pJ;_y;J Guarrilla ok;vDRI wkRrk>[gvDRyvJRql
vX>usXRo0Dt.d ’DeRH wkRw>cH;yvJRqlzrD x l .o0DyRS vXuD>th’,.u
[JuhRvDRvXo’Xrk>t*D>vDRI wkR[g 8 e.&H. Maj. Torrie, Maj.
Bachi ‘D;ySRvDugG zdweDR[Jp. H vDRvXo’Xrk>M.vDRI yqSXt0Jo.h qlEgG
H pX>zJ Col. Howell td.w>tvD>0HR Capt. Barrell ‘D; Sgt. Hanney
cFu
cH*RvJR0JvXusD>vh.M.vDRI zJyvJRw>vXusJtzXrk>yxH.pd,y.t
ok;w’h[;xD.vXupX>usgvXuvlRCkue.uG>tJuvH;[JuRh vDR
vXo’Xrk>t*D>vDRI rh>vXw>cH;tCdwxH.ySRb.I yrRbX Capt
Barrell ‘D; Sgt Henney vXeD.ChvXvh.tylRvDRI wkR,y.tok;vJR
wvXuGmH ySR’D;yvJRvDRql (jruf±ikd ;f ) o0D’;D yod.vd’;k e>yX>o0Dzwd
z.zJ*RD (4) e.&H.tuwD>M.vDRI ytd.zJM.’DweHRusXRtcgok;cd.
37
Barren w*RwJ,RogtJ.’d;vJRpdmuGmH MqX. (I want to pass nature)

‘D;rRoD.tuvk>zlz’l ;D ,we>yX>b.vXcHr;,e>yX>uhRvXtCh[;
w>vD>cHM.vDRI w>M.tvD>cHyvJRu’D;ql,.h vJo0D’;D vXusyJ xH.pd
u’D;y,DRw*RtCd< yy’h.uGHmtDRvXyw>bH.w>bXt*D>M.vDRI
zJywkRvX,h.vJo0DM.ok;cd. Barrell w*RChtu
D ’D;oH;tCdyrXo
0Do;yS>vXtrh>w>td.zS.d o&.vXuvJRCkrRM>ySRoH;vDRI o&.oH
uG>0J?udRvR0gM.tDo;H {g/
‘D;,wJqX<?udRvR0gw*RtHRM.wrh>w>o;ckupD.o&.b.I/
0HR’D;,vJRql (u|Jwvif;) o0DzJ,y>’D;< ,[H.zdCDzdtd.0JM.vDRI
cHoD< oXoD0HRtvD>cH,’d;M>b.w>upD.vX Col. Howell t0JR
vD>cd.oh.vXw>wh>vDRM>ySRpku0JRzJ Maj. Torrie td.w>tvD>’D;
yub.vJR[H;M>tDRvX Maj. Torrie ttd.t*h>M.vDRI
yvJRvDRql (u|w J vif;) trk>xD.o0Db;wv.’D;td.cd;uG>v>o’X
rk>M.vDRI ub.zJ[g,J>e.&H.M. Liberater Bomber wbh.[Jw>h vDR
w>pku0JRM.vDRI zJM. Lt. Marlon [h.vDRySR 303 Rifle tcd. (100)
Ckm’D;usdcsHrsdmo.wz.M.vDRI wkRw>cH;vDR’D;y[JuhRu’guhRql
(u|Jwvif;) M.vDRI w>M.tvD>cHyM>b.w>upD.vX,y.tyh>
qSgyXRuD>< Kipitaitd.cd;’due.w>upD.b.C;yw>[;xD.[;
vDRt*h>zJvX>’d.0h>< unDu0DRw>td.zS.d o&.zgn.pht[H.t*h>M.
vDRI wkRrk>[gvDR’D;yu±l>vXtb.w>wDc.d &d.rJtRD vX,,D;z.pDR
wh.uF.D ’D; Maj Turrell tu±l>vXz.qgcd.u0DRCkm’D; Volunteer ok;
vXupX>usgyu0DRwH>unDt.d w>u0DR’D;’k;,y.wz.M.vDRI rh>
38
pDReHRurSHzDvf
vXtcD.qXySRz;ql.ngtCdyc;b.tDR’DweRusXRb.q.wymvDR
pku0JRb.I xJM.wbDwvDRqDvXRb.< yuGmH vDRpkr.h yd>ql[.H ylR’D;
’JG.tlxD.uGHm< wjyXCDM.unDrkmo;rRpXRok;’GJ.Ckmrd.[Jo.vX
[H.zDvmtCdt0Joh.Ch>xD.uqJ’D;uG>vDRw>vXyJ}wDwpkyc;oH
uGHmtDRyl;yl;vXmpDM.vDRI cHoDylRuGHmy’d;M>b.w>upD.vX Col.
Hoewell vX,y.td.vXupX>usgwz.vJRvDRqlvX>’d.qlytd.w
uyRM.vDRI t0Jo.h wkRvDRvX>’d.vXz;zDr>k ’D;p;xD.’k;ySRM.vDRI y
w>ul.wcDtd.0JvXyuc;Ch>c;Ch>tCdycD.qXtDRwpJ;zd’D;*kRvDR
uhRycHM.vDRI rk>qh. 0gxD.’D;,y.wz.uhR*kRvDRuhRtcHqv l X>’d.
uvHRxH;0h>&ì.› uF‹.wuyRM.vDRI yxD.’k;vX>’d.0HRtvD>cHyuhRtd.
uhR’.vXyvD>vX (u|w J vif;) M.vDRI zJM.y’d;M>u’D; Col. Howell
tw>upD.vXw>u[Jw>h vDRM>uscd szH rJ .bHRo0DpmH yszD v J X>’d.usrd >k
xD.wuyRt*h>M.vDRI vXw>tHRtCdyvJRu’D;qlr.bHRo0D’;D u
wJmuwDRymw>vD>vXw>uwh>vDR (Dropping Zone-D.Z) t*D>M.
vDRI yvJRwkRzJM.ub.rk>eR (9) e.&H.M.vDRI wpd>zd’;D Liberator
Bomber oXbh.[Jw>h vDRusc d syH mS o.< Ckm’D;w>tD.w>tDvXunDt
*D>< tJuvH;t*D>’D;< th’,.ok;zdt*D> cF;H pf< vmz;< ph< ’D;oH;wz.M.
vDRI yxk;b.w>zdw>vHRwz.tHRvXus>D vh.qlr.bHRo0D,mH r;’Dw
eRusXRM.vDRI rhr>h usdz;’d.’f 81 (mm) rDx.pJ;usd’;D bH.±SLuX.w
z.ybsXvDRclo.l ymvDRI
wkRrk>qh.xD.’D;ok;cd.[h.,RyH;pwd.wcd.’D;q.wzd;< wD.xD.,R
’f*>h 0DRtlw>rRcd.e>zdw*Rtod;’D;wJ,RvXt0JM.rh>w>uvk>[JvX
ok;uht0Jv>D cd.oh.t*h>M.vDRI vX*DRcDM.,y.ok;zdw*RCht.D w>
39
tD.vXySRtcgyzD.M>tDRzJo0DtCXRM.vDRI o0Dz[ d .h w>tD.0HRo

0Dzrd XtymvDRtpku0JRb.q.wymvDR0Jb.< tpkp.h wcDz.D Cmpkr.h
yd>wzsX.vXtpkxw JG cDzC
D m[ko;tCdwuwD>CDyRS o0Dzcd ;oHumHG
tDRqlb;M.vDRI ySRo0Dzd[h.ySRw>upD.vX,y.ok;zdweDR[JvDR
vX,h.vJo0D (a&wGif;ukef;) ‘fod;u[Jqly0JRvD>cd.oh.td.vX
(u|w J vif;) t*D>M.vDRI vXw>M.tCdyu&DuRh u’gqlu;JF wvh’;D
,h.’G‹uw l csK;,y.wkR,h.’G‹ub l .M.vDRI o0Dzwd b J .ySRvX,y.
td.zJy>S usgpDRpkR’D;o0Dxw J rH;vmz;zD{Rd t*h>vDRI ,R’D; Capt Barrel
,[;xD.qlo0DtcsXuG>Ck,y.wz.’D;y Telescope yxH.pd,y.
wz.vXtuG>pdyRS ’D;t0Jo.h Binocular ph>uD;’D;wkRtxH.ySR’D;uhREkm
vDRuhRu’guhRqly>S ylRM.vDRI yo0Dzw d z.vlRCku>G xGMJ >ySRrh>,y.
wz.tcd.uvdRqlvJ.M.vDRI o0Dzdwz.vJR’D;[JuhRwJySRvX,
y.tcd.vdRql (,if;wdu k u f ek ;f ) o0DvXttd.vdR’D;yo0Dtrk>xD.u
vHRpd;wuyRt*h>M.vDRI yvlRvDR,y.wz.ql,w h ;J ulo0D’;D ySRo
0Dzw d z.wJb.ySRvX,y.wz.rHvXeD.usged.Chxw D ed.tuyRM.
vDRI Capt.Barrell wJ,RvX,R’D; Sgt. Henney ucd;ymtDRzJo0DyRl ’D;
w>rRpXRrh>vd.u’k;oh.ngM.vDRI pSRe.&H.tvD>cHye>[lprk .h yd>oD.
cHx.H Ckm’D;uszd wd z.toD.M.vDRI wpd>zdyxH. Capt Berrell ‘D;ok;zd
wz.M.vDRI yxH.vXok;cd.M.tuH>’k.zDcd.’D;te>wuH>xH;zDcd.
vXtph.wuyRb.’d< ‘D;ok;zdr.D vhw*Rusb d .’dtx;cd.< b.q.
wrh>t’d.trk>M.b.I
40
pDReHRurSHzDvf
vXcHyoh.ngvX,y.ok;zdwz.Ch>ylRzsJ;qlyS>ylRpdmCkmtySRb.’d
wz.M.vDRI yymxD. Capt. Barrell vXus>D vh.ylR’D;yuhRu’gql,.h
’UulM.vDRI tylRvD>nd;xD.’D;*DRtCdyb.,d.vXue;xD.< ‘k.’g
wcDt.d ph>uD;oukRw>vD>M.vDRI tCdytd.’.zJ,.h ’UuMl .wrh>w>
bH.w>bXvXy*D>vXRb.I tCdy[;xD.vX,h>’Uu’l ;D uhRtd.u’g
vXy0JRvD>cd.oh.tvD>vHR (u|Jwvif;) o0DM.vDRI zJ (u|Jwvif;)
M.ok;cd.oJ;xd’;D wH Boe Chin tySRwrSRH [Jqyl td.’D;ChyRS w>pku0JR
weDRy[h.vDRt0Jo.h vX 303 Rifles tcd.(100)Ckm’D;tcst H o.M.
vDRI w>M.tvD>cHo0Dzw d z.wJyRS vXtJuvH;tok;rk>vXrgwvho;k
vDRto;ql0>h wul.t*h>M.vDRI
tJuvH;ok;ymvDRtok;uh0RJ vD>cd.oh.zJyEJ .JG ultCdytJ.’d;vJRqSX
ok;cd. Barrel zJM.vDRI b.q.ytd.w>tvD>’D;yJE>JG ultbX.pXRw>
vD>wz.rh>,y.ok;vXt*kRvDRuhRtcHwz.vJRxD.vJRvDRt
usdRM.vDRI tCdyb.vJRxD.td.uhRqlr;bHRo0DwkR,y.wtd.
0JvXRb.M.vDRI vXcHyok;yo;ql (usHK;}uD;) o0DvXuDRvdm (ppf
aw1if;)xHrd>yS>rk>xD.M.vDRI ytd.cd;wkR,y.ok;wz.wtd.vXR
uDRvdmrk>xD.0HR’D;vX*DRM.ycDCRD qluRD vdmxHr>d yS>rk>EkmzJ (oriftif;
uke;f ) o0DM.vDRI zJM.o0Dzwd z.wJb.ySRvXycDqx l uH srd >k Ekm0HRt
vD>cH,y.tok;’hw’hcpD >h uD;qlxu H srd >k xD.M.vDRI
w>M.tvD>cHyok;u’D;yo;qlrgwvh0>h wul.usrJ >d yS>tuyRvXt
pDRpkR’D;orh.thut
l o0DxpJ RS rH;vmtvD>M.vDRI yb.td.cd;odv.h
y’X;w>t’l.vXt[;xD.vX0h>wul.qlrgwvhwz.z;,HmngvDRI
41
rh>vXw>y’X;tgwvXtCdodvh.wz.tcd.wtJ.’d;yxD.qlt
odv.h b.< ysx J ;k cd. Barrell ’D;,RvJR’D;t0Jo.h vDRI Sgt.Henney
J o
tJ.’d;vJR’D;ySRvXodvh.b.q.ok;cd.rXtvJR’D;ok;zdwz.vXt
cD.M.vDRI ywkRvX(MHo1uGi;f )zJ[gvG>H e.&H.’D; Capt Barrel b.w>
qSXtDRvX Lysantar Jeep plane ql0>h wul.M.vDRI t0JrX Sgt Henney
’D;,RyuhRu’guhR’D;ub.td.cd;wkRye>[lw>uvk>vXy0JRvD>cd.
oh.wpkM.vDRI zJ[g(9)e.&H.M.[JwkR’D;tySRok;zdwz.M.vDRI
w>uvk>vDRvXyub.vJRql Anti Fascit People Freedom Lesague
( AFPFL) ‘D; Sgt. Henny [JwRk zJyE J .JG ulz[
J gcGeH .&H.ph>uD;vDRI
rh>vXth’,.tok;wyst J vJRcD*mw>wbsC D tD Cdt0J (Henney) t
o;Cdx.D z;’d.vDRI teR0JM.yrH’;D ySRok;zdcvJ XmzJ (AFPFL) t0JR’X;
M.vDRI ‘fo;d yokwvJR’fo;d od;’D;tDRt*D> Sgt Henney w*RvDqgu
’D;to;tCd,uhRu’guhRqle;o.uG‹ (yseD Xrl) M.vDRI ,cDCRD xHusd
0HRuhRu’guhRqly0JRvD>cd.oh.,h.’G‹uMl .vDRI ,td.wh>zJM.’D;ok;
zdwz.wtd.’D;pJ;uwdRw>vXuqJ;usX’D; (Howell) b.M.z;,Hmzd
ngM.vDRI
vXw>M.0HRtvD>cH Maj Torry [JvX Canal ok;uht0JRvD>cd.oh.vX
Mangoos t0JR’X;ph>uD;tySRzD.pJ;wymb.I w>wtd.’D;ySReDwrHRvX
ubD.unDyRS b.I vXw>tHRtCd,rX Maj Torry uG;J vHmvXurR
bD.rRnDyo; (tcDynDov d .h vXuvJRw>Ckm’D;w>tD.w>tDvXu
rRrkmyo; = oH;’D;w>t*R) qlo;k uh0RJ vD>cd.oh.vXyJE.JG ulM.vDRI
42
pDReHRurSHzDvf
t0JwJ,R ?b.uuJxD.{g/ ’D;,wJtDR ?uGJ;M>,RxJvHmzdwbh.

vXtJuvH;ok;uhc.d ttd.M.b.vHI w>t*R,urR’.,JM.vDRI/
t0Ju;JG vHmqlo;k uh0RJ vD>cd.oh.M.vDRI ,vJRwkRok;uh0RJ vD>ySRcd;
w>w*RrRxD.,R[J.upJ>,wJtRD < ?,[JvX 136 pJ;_y;J ok;/ b.
M>twDRvXok;uhcd.vk.xHvXw>CXRe>[l,ud;xD.w>uwdRcl
ol.tCdt0JrXySRcd;w>ysJEmk vDR,RM.vDRI ,wJb.ok;uhc.d ,[J
vX 136 pJ;_y;J ok;’D;,[Jpmd M>tw>y&Xwbh.vX,0JRvD>cd.oh.vX
,h.’GŒulvX,ok;cd.xD&.h ttd.t*h>vDRI
ok;uhc.d z;xD.w>y&X0HRud;CDR0Jo;k uh0RJ ’X;cd.(Brigade Major)vX
u[h.vDRw>vX,vd.b.wz.’D;B.M (Brigade Major) wJpdvDR
t0JRvD>ok;cd. (Supply point capt) cDzsdvDwJpd’fod;u[h.vDRw>
vX,vd.b.wz.M.vDRI ,vJRvDRql0RJ vD>’D;,’d;M>b.w>zdw>
vHRySRJ odv.h wcd.M.vDRI w>zdw>vHRwz.rh>0J< w>tD.vXx;’XylR<
bH.,X.< tHo.qX< cDz.H < th’,.ok;w>tD.< tJuvH;ok;w>tD.w
z.vDRI ,uhRwkR,h.’GŒul0RJ vD>cd.oh.’D;wkR,ok;cd.xD&.h xH.b.
vX,rRw>wz.M.to;rkmxD.w’d;uGJb.I pSRoDtvD>cH Col.
Howell qSXvDR Sgt Moore qlytd.M.vDRI rh>tuwD>zJw>plRvDRrlc. d
plRbH.rJm< uDRvdmuX>eHRxH’.d tcg,y.ok;vXt*kRuhRcHwz.[;cD
uDRvdmusdoukRw>vD>M.vDRI t0Joh.[JuRhvDR*kRcHvXyudupX>
wl>cD*m0Jrgwvh=0h>wul.todv.h usq J u l RD vdmrk>xD.M.vDRI ,y.
tok;zdwz.w>tD.wtd.b.tCd[;CktD.< [;ChtD.ySRxd.ySR
qD< [ko;’D;u,J>w>vXttD.0JoMh .vDRI b.weRyzD.M>,y.ok;
zdw*R’D;yqSXqlyEJ .JG ulM.vDRI
43
zJy[Jx.D qlo;k uh0RJ vD>cd.oh.tcgok;cd.’d.tX.vDR,RvXu[h.0J

500 ±lyH; (th’,.b;) vX,y.ok;vXySRzD.M>trlw*Rt*D>vDRI
Major Torry wJ,Rogwe>[lb.w>[h.vRuyDR 500 ±lyH;eDwbsD
b.I ,wJtRD ,oHu>G Col.Howell vXtrh>wrh>M.vDRI ,wJp>h uD;
tDRw>vXySRtJuvH;zdM.wvDw>eDwbsDwb.I t0J’v d yD sHRql Col.
Howell ttd.’D;tw>pH;qXtDRvXtrh>upD’M D .vDRI
,’d;M>b.ph&yl ;H vX,zD.M>,y.ok;zdwz.’ftw>tX.vDRtod;u
pD’v
D RD I w>uDt.d 0JwrHR< w>vX,y.tok;zdwz.wvDRqD’;D xd.rHR
zdqrD RH zdb.I wbsyD RS ok;zdqXS vDRM>,R,y.ok;zdoX*RM.vDRI [JwRk
,rJmngwbsC D t
D 0Jw*RCh>wzS;J zkvRD oHumHG to;qlxuH syd Rl M.vDRI
tCd,qSXxD.b.qlyEJ >JG ulxcJ *H RM.vDRI
w>M.0HRtvD>cH,’d;M>b. Col. Holwell tw>upD.vXtzD.M.0J
(cDzsdvDysHR’D.zD.) =vX,y. 17th Div [h.vDRw>uvk>vXtySRok;
zdcv
J Xmub.cD*muGmH uDRvdmust d rk>xD.vXvg,lRz;zDtylR< u,J>
ySRvXtcDxu H sw
d M>vg,lR 15 oDwz.ub.rRoHvRD ’.0Jto;t*h>
M.vDRI yqDvRD yok;zdvXuDRvdmust d xHuX>eHRvXucd;yH;,y.tok;
zdt*D>M.vDRI eRt0JM.w>plRz;’d.< xH’.d vk>bXw>z;’d.ngvDRI ,
y.tok;zdwz.teD>*H>tgwkRyc;wcsK;yb.ysJyRl weDRvDRI t0Jo.h
Ch>wzS;J rlto;ue.ySRwcsK;’.vJmb.I weDR[;±lmvDRyS>D ySR[H.ySR
CDq;Sd uJRrh.tlrRvXRxD.to;M.vDRI weDR[;qlyRS ’lyRS o0DyRl [;
rRM>ySRw>zdw>vHRvXutD.0Jt*D>xD&RD wrHRrHRvDRI
44
pDReHRurSHzDvf
tcgzJM.o0Dzwd z.Ch>ymwh>uGmH ’lo0Dcv J Xmb.Ch>td.clo.l vXcJc.d

yS>v>usgM.vDRI yrRvdmymubD,Rl vXu[Jc;pXRvDRySRupD’<D b.
q.[JpRJ cHtCdc;us<d uGmH vDRrh.yd>M.b.’.xJo0DvXySRymwh>vDR[d
tDRwz.M.vDRI 1945 eH.vgpJ;yxhbX. 2 oD,y.tok;ymvDRpk
u0JRvH< b.q.,y.tok;vXytd.vD>u0DRylRwz.y[h.vDRw>ym
vDRpku0JRtvHmy&XvDRI b.q.wuemCkmySRb.< yrXt[JwyJ RS
w*RvXuwX.yD.wJoud;w>t*D>wue.CkmySRph>uD;b.I
,y.wz.tHRyrRwylRr;wohyysJzJutd.u[;0JvDRI wkRrh> Capt
Barrell tw>rlRvD>bsg’D;[JuRh vXuD>th’,.qlytd.w>tvD>,h.’G‹
ulCmk ’D; Col Howell M.vDRI 0HR’D;uhR0Jqt H l (EGm;cs;D uke;f )
l 0JR’X;zJEgG cFu
o0DM.vDRI uhR0JvXusJtcgrXySRo0Dzdwz.whubD,lRupH.vDR
tusRd b.q.o0Dzw d wh 0HRtCd Col.Barrell rX,vJRrR0HRM.vDRI ,
vJRqlvX>’d.’D;ubD,lRpH.vDRw>tvD>M.td.xJzS›txl.yS>z;’d.
wz.vDRI tCd,rRvdm Capt.Barrell vXuqSXM>,Rrh.yd>vXurR
yd>z;zsd;uGHmw>w>yD;w>vD’ftrh>usd< bJ< zs;pxX.‘D; TNT wz.
M.vDRI
,rRrh.yd>wz.< rRyso D .h z;’d.’D;xk;ysu
D mHG ’D;uqD’ED t
HG wD>ylRvDRI 0HR
’D;,xXzS.d w>pku0JR’D;uscd syH mS o.vXyymwohwz.’D;wXRvDRuGmH ql
uDRvdmust d ylRvDRI Capt.BrowellrX,whx.D xd< ymxD.vXxdvRd rR
yd>z;uGmH vXrh.yd>M.vDRI Maj.xD&.h uhRql0>h wul.vDRI Capt.Barell,
Sgt.Moore ‘D;,RyvJRvDRqlvX>’d.u&Xu&dx. D uhRunDzw d z.0HR
yqSXqlwt D vl Xw>u&Xu&dx.D (lst Karen Rifles) tok;&h.t*D>M.
vDRI w>M.tvD>cHyrRw>vDRz;tw>&hvmd zJ,.h ’Uut l vD>cH Capt.
45
Barrel uhRu’guhRql0>h wul.’D;qlt’

h ,.M.vDRI ,[;xD.vX,h.
’GŒul’;D uhRu’guhRqlvX>’d.M.vDRI w>zD.pku0JRtw>rRbsb J .,R
vHtCdvRD I vG>H vgylRuGmH ’D;,R’D;,rHRyS>ydmcGgy’d;M>vHmy&XvX,’d;
M>b.w>[h.vRuyDRtw>yeD. British Empire Medal (BEM) ‘D;
,rHRyS>ydmcGgwcD’;d M>b.0J Order of British Empire (OBE) M.vDRI
zJw>[h.vRuyDR,Rtcg,rHRyS>ydmcGgtd.zJrl;tylRb.q.,J,w
td.b.I [;xD.uGHmvXpJ;jyJ;ok; (136) ,pdmxD. Capt.Barrell t
vHmtk.o;’D;vJRvDRqlwt D ql u
l >D &h.ok;*h>0Dc.d ’D;vJRywHx.D w>rR
zJutd.0JwrHRrHRM.vDRI t0Jw, J RvXtrRpXR,Rwohew D rHRb.t
Cd,[;xD.uGmH vXt0JR’X;’D;qdurd.xD.,J ?erRvX,J*>D rh>woheD
wrHRoXysXRtd.’.,ub.rR’.,JvX,*D>wrHRrHRM.oX./ tcgzJ
M.unDuD>cd.vXcHuwX>vXuD>y,DRpXzSd.w*Ru&Xu&dxD.0Ju
nDo;p>u&XzJ0>h wul.tCd,EkmvDR KYO ‘D;uJx.D ySRu&Xu&dw>
zdzJwDtluD>&h.M.vDRI uD>y,DR’d;M>w>obs›0HRtvD>cH KYO
’d;M>b.uvkmqH;cJ;G,mvXu td;xD.unD*h>0Dudwdmt*D>tCd
,b.w>CkxXxD.,R’fu>D &h.cd.w*Rtod;M.vDRI b.q.wkRrh>
M.0hxD.[H;ql.xHuD>w>pdw>urDRM.,[;xD.uGHm’D;EkmvDR
rRoud;w>vX KNU tw>yX>qXtylRvDRI
ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ
46
pD R zJ , gzsŒ
pDRzJ,gzsŒ (Saw Fair Play)
,RpDRzJ,gzs›rwh rh>uFeD f (John) tHRtd.zsJ.xD.zJvgtD;uxdbX. 22

oD< 1924 zJu;DF rJw.D < ‘0J>w>yXM.vDRI ,rh>ySRunD’;D ,rh>c&Hmzdw
*RvDRI ,eD>qH;’H;tcg,rRvdw>vXy,DRuFdzdwzsX.b.q.,w
e>yX>w>eDwrHRb.I ,rd>,y>qSXxD.,Rqlcu d w
dF zsX.vXtrh>0JypDR
vDR’0J>cHo0DvRD I ySRymxD.,RvXvG>H wDRb.q.,we>yX>w>eDw
rHRph>uD;tCd,vDRuhRweHRwwDRweHRwwDRwkRvXwDRzdo. (oli,f
wef;) ’D;,[XzXb.0HmvXo&.rk.vXtrh>,wcGgrk.vDRI ‘D;,uJ
xD.w>qgz;’d.’D;ySRqSXvDRuhR,Rql’0J>vDRI
,p;xD.rRvduhRw>zJ (Morrow Karen High School Tavoy) ‘D;,

zsdx.D weH.wwDRwkRvXCd;wDRvDRI zJyb.’d;pJ;tuwX>weHRM.<
,y.tubD,Rl tbh. (30) [Jw>h vDRrh>yd>’D;c;vDRw>owl>uvmzJ
d &X>vDRI (Burma Rifle) c;qXuhRt0Jo.h b.q.
ubD,Rl ys’D ;D yuFu
ywoh.ngvXw>’k;uJxD.’H;b.I uFdo&.wJ0JvXuDRvR0gtok;
od.vdo;tCdyRS ud;*R0H>0>xD.y0.zd’;D w>uH;nmoh.wz.vDRI ySR
’Dcl’D0h>wysHRw>zk;w>eDw*Rb.’D;w>b.’db.xH;wtd.ph>uD;b.
vDRI b.’d’.ubD,lRtodbl. (1000) zsX.vXttd.vXubD,lR
D RD I w>uJx.D owl>uvm‘D;trJ&uRtubD,Rl (Buffalo) ,lRxD.
ysv
wbl.vXRb.I
47
wkRo&.orgoh.ngvXw>’k;z;’d.cHbsDwbsDux J .D ’D;,y.tubD
,lR[Jc;vDRw>vX*DRvX[gud;eHR’J;tCdtrJ&uRuhRymuhRtubD
,lRql0h>wul.vDRI vXw>M.tCd< wDRzk.uFdb.w>ys>uGHmto;
vXmyX>wkRvXwDRxDub dF .w>ys>to;ph>uD;vDRI rh>vXy’d;w>oHu>G
wohvXRph>uD;b.rh>vXyb.td.’.vXw>ylRvX*DRvX[gtCdvRD I
b.q.zJ,y.tubD,Rl [Jc;vDRw>’D;uhRu’guhRtcg (Buf falo)
[JvlRwbh.pdmvDRzJubD,lRysD’D;,lRxD.u’guhRwbsDCDvlR0Jw
bsDCDwded.vdmo;zJrug&H’D;c;vdmo;,y.ubD,lRb.’d’D;uhR
vDRwJmzJr.h wguvJ;uH.M.vDRI ,y.tubD,Rl rh.tlt.D tCd,
y.pH.vDRvXo’Xrk> (4) *Rvdm’D;rh>vXtvDRvX0.q+.cHtCdoH (4)
*RvdmvDRI (Buffalo) [JuRh wkRuhR’0J>*hR*hR’D;rh>vXto;cktCdt,lR
wcG‹wcGDvXw>z;zDzJyuFdu&X>0HRuhRuhRql0h>wul.vDRI ,eD>up>
’D;,oud;uFzd wd eDRyvJRqJ;usX (BAF Burma Auxiliary Force) vDRI
y,DRuvkmEkmwM>b.I M>’.xJyRS unDz’d ;D uDRvR0gu;_ygvDRI
uD>y,DRM.,y.EkmvDRqd’;D cDu>D qXtqduwX>zJuqD0g< bDw>H zJu.DF

wJ.uD>qXvDRI wkRuqD0gxD.qlrh.wg’k;vdmo;’D; (Burma Rifle)
zJr.h wgu,Hm’.cHe.&H.0HR’D; (Burma Rifle) *kmu‘guhRtvD>cHq’l
0J>wuyRvDRI p;xD.uqD0gql’0J>’k;vdmo;’D; (Burma Rifle) u,Hm
vXusJ (3) EGHvDRI wkR’0J>w>’k;p;xD.zJ*DRCke.&H.’D;wkRrk>xl.M.
(Burma Rifle) *kRuhRtcHq&l >h wu yRvDRI ,y.tusg[JCmk ’D;y,DR
ok;cd.vXtvJRql,y.tuD>weDRvDRI zJw>’k;’0J>M.< ,y.tubD
,lRwbh.’D; (Buffalo) wbh.’k;vdmo;vXw>z;zDzyJ uFu d &X>tzDc.d
u,HmcHe.&H.‘D;uhRuhRcHb.h vdmvDRI y0Jycd;w>usvJ RJ qlbs;H wuyR
48
pD R zJ , gzsŒ
tCdzrJ >k eR (12) e.&H.M.< ywkRonD.qH.o0D<‘D;vX*DRywkRtJ;tJ;

o0DvRD I ytd.’. (Burma Rifles) cFt D ok;’hw’h’;D y0J (BAF) pSR*RvDRI
pSRoDtwD>ylRySRo0Dzq d XS ySRcDzsyd .D vJ.qlrvH;us>d vDRI ytd.wvgC.
C.’D;ubDw[Jew D bh.b.I rh>vXy,DR’D;,y.tok;vlRCkuRD vR
0gtok;ql.r;tCd< ,eD>up>,uhRuhRql’0J>0h>vDRI
,cDCRD qlu.DF wJ.uD>’D;,oud;pSR*R’D;b.bSMD >uF.D wJ.rDx.d usv J X

tvJRxD.qlegth.wD.tvX>ylRx;ylRvDRI b.zs;vXypkr>h vXrDx.d
bsX.[D.cd.wtd.’H;b.tCdvDRI zJybSDusJM.b.uDb.cJz;e;
w>tD.wvXwySRJ < w>ulw>uRwvXwySRJ tCdyb.rRuJx.D [ko;
xX. (*kefeDtdwf) vXyw>ulw>uR’D;,.rHvk;M.vDRI ol.vXycd.
vdRM.olb.q.ol.vX[ko;xX. (*keef t D w d )f tvdRM.0g’D;’d.wpJ;
th.w>qgr;vDRI yvdRo;xD.’D;yuJxD.w>o;ChvDRI ySRwJvX[J
xD.vXyn.vmwcDvRD I wbsb D sb
D .vJRtd.vXxHzu d st
d eHRzJyRS vh>
xD.vh>vdRtusb J .bh.vDRo;cJvXmtd.bh.qh’;D ed.ol.0gvXyw>
ulu.l eH.tH;tvdRvDRI ,dRrk.,dRcGg[JczD syd rJmngoemuhyrJmqS;w
ohb.I ySRoH*D>rk>vXw>o;Ch’D;(zufcu G ef 1)< w>rlRvD>z;‘d.wu
vkmtCdvDRI Dutch t war prisoners (ySRok;zdvXw>zD.M>tDRvX
w>’k;tylR) oHvXw>qgtHR*D>rk>vDRI t0Joh.ph>uD;rh>vXtw>ul
w>uRwtd.tCdb.ulxX.oG‹p>h uD;M.vDRI
vXcHyoh.ngM>b.w>upD.vXyoud; (Chin Rifle) vXrvH;us>d ’D;

uDRvR0gok;vX (Mergui Burma Rifle) oh.wz.ubD[t J .d uhRt
0Jo.h *hR*hRvDRI bs;H w>’k;wtd.b.I rh>vX,y.wEkmvDRvXbs;H wcD
49
tCdvDRI zJwcsK;,[;xD.rvH;usd>’H;b.tcgw>upD.[JwkRvX
Maj. rGRpH.ttd.wbh.vDRI rh>vXt0Jo. h ng,R’D;yrRoud;wh>w>
wylRCDtCdvRD I t0JrX,td.cd;tDR‘D;y,DRzdvXtvk>zd0w J *R[JwRk
r;< uhRb.q.,td.cd;wcsK;vXRb.I vXcHt0Jo.h cH*R[JwRk rvH;
us>d b.q.ubDuRh wvXuGmH vHI rh>vXy,DR’D;,y.tok;e>[lt0J
oh.tw>upD.tCdvRl Ckt0Jo.h cH*Re;r;’D;rRb.’do0Dzed ;r;’D;ym
clo.l 0Jwoh< wbH.vXRb.tCdyRS o0Dzu d so H mHG cH*RvXmvDRI Maj.
D u
rGRpH.M.b.C;’D;w>*kme>yX>’k.’gupD.zJu>D y,DR’D;,dRuD>qXp;xD.
rJq;D ‘D;wkRuD;oDvRD I t0Jwv
J RD to;vXtrh>pDRyRtpXRtoG.J vDRI
yb.rRw>zJ,Rd uD>M.,HmoXeH.vDRI
,y.[h.vDRto;’D;w>’k;cHbsw D bs0D RH 0JM.vDRI ,eD>up>’D; (Chin

Burma Rifle) tok;zdweDRyuhRymzsguhRyo;zJuRD vR0gok;zJu.cFe;
bl.&H.M.vDRI zJy[;xD.vXx;cEl.< u.cFe;bl.&H.0JRvD>tcg,dR
oh.wz.}wDyRS wJ0v J Xvh.rh.tlwRd u>td.ph>uD;< yoxhwcDw0J v J X
y[h.okpw h M>’H;’D;uhR’H;w*hRI b.q.ywue.CkmycDvX>*DRus’d ;D
cd;vh.rh.tlvDRI cd;’DeHR[JwkRwcd.td.’.tcd.wzsX.’D;twGJwwGJ
vDRI yEkmvDRw}wD>b.I tylRM.td.xJ,y.tok;cd.’D;tok;cd.
usX>vXyXuD>y,DR’Db.h zJt0Jo.h rReXRw>tcgM.vDRI b.q.yxD.
qltcd.’k;cd.ud;*R’D;tok;cd.usX>[J’;k e>yX>ySRrXyqh.eDR*hR*hR< b.
,d.0JvXyuvDRwJm’D;t0Jqrd .d ySRvXuD>&cg (Gurkha) uvkmM.vDRI
zJM.tcgrh>vXw>’k;0HRvHtCdyRS ok;zdwz.w>uqSXu’guhRqlw*R
vXtuD>’.0JM.vDRI yymzsgo;0HRutd.oXeHR’D;y0Jo.h wz.b.w>
50
pD R zJ , gzsŒ
qSXvDRySRqlc.D ’h (Kao Din camp) zJ Maj. Roman vXtrh> Repatriation

camp (‘Ju0DRvXw>ymzSd.ySRzJwcsK;w>qSXu’guhRySRqlw*RvXt
uD>’.0J) tok;’hc.d tw>yXtzDvmM.vDRI Chin Rifle wz.wcDuRh
u’guhRqluD>y,DRvXvh.rh.tlM.vDRI ,b.w>qSX,Rql Tha
Maung camp vXb.w>yXqSXtDRvX Maj. Barne zJ ‘;cFt f ok;zdvXt
uxdwz., tJuvH;ok;zdpRS *R, th.’d.eH±gS ok;zdpRS *R’D;,y.tok;zd
vXtuxdwz.vXw>zD.M>tDRvXw>’k;tylRwz.M.vDRI th.’d.eH
±Sgtok;zdwz.M.w>[h.tDRw>ulw>uR’D;w>tD.tvXtySJRb.
q.usMd .w>w’k;zD.b.I rh>vXtuD>M.ylx.D uhR’;cFf (Dutch) ‘D;’k;
vdmo;tCdvDRI vX[goXe.&H.< vGH>e.&H.M.yvJRvk.xHvXvX>
*DRusd (River Kwai) ‘D;ySRvXtuv;uv;wz.vk.xHvXtbh.qhcJ
vXmvDRI ,y.tok;zdvXw>zD.M>tDRvXw>’k;tylRoh.wz.b.
vk.xHvXtzDvm’D;rhr>h ’;cFt f ok;zdo.h wz.vXtzDc.d wcDvRD I pJ;csH
vh.xD.vh.vdR*D>rk>b.q.wb.C;t0Jo.h eDwrHRb.I ‘;cFt f ok;
zdvXtuJw>h (Japanese war prisoners) oh.wz.w>’k;0HRb.xD.uhR
w>rRvd0RH b.uhR’k;uhRw>vXth.’d.eH±gS vDRI ‘;cFt f ydmrk.ydmrXR’D;
ydmcGgzd (12) eH.’D;qltzDvmoh.wz.qSX0Jq, l Rd uD>tok;zdb.cd;0J
vXw>csX’D;uJx.D ’Ju0DRz;’d.wzsX.ph>uD;vDRI ySReD>*H>utd.vXt
uv;uv;vDRI ‘;cFt f ok;zdvRJ Ekmwohb.I ,J,vJREkmb.’D; (Maj.
Barne) wbsv D RD I
ySRunDt.d xJ,Rw*RvDRI uDRvR0gok;cd.weDRxH.eRuG>eR’D;oh.

D <D weDReDRySRunDM.woh.ng0Jb.I (Maj.
ng0JvXtrh>ySRunDwbsC
Barne) vXttJ.,Rw*Rph>uD;zJ,vJRwkRttd.tcD.xH;oHu>G ,R<
51
?erh>rwRvJ.I/
,wJqX< ?,rh>ySRunD/
?e[Jzv J .J /
?,[JvXuD>y,DRI/
?rh>pH;’fM.erh>y,DRoX.I/
,wJqXtDR< ?,wrh>y,DRb./ zJt0JR’X;tylRM.vDRI b.q.‘;cFf
tp&hw*RzJt.d vXt0JR’X;ylRzJw>D vHmtqXuwD>wJ0yJ RS unDM.td.
zJyuJ’;H (Japanes war prisoners) tcg,y.qSXySRql0>h ’0J>vXyb.rR
w>t*D>’D;yb.td.zJr&D .d unDwRD xDut dF Cdyoh.ngzJM.vDRI
zJw>’k;z;’d.cHbswD bs0D RH < uDRvR0gxXzS.d uhRySRvXb.[JrRvh.rh.

J XuD.F wJ.uD>qlu>D y,DR (Burma High Way) oh.w
tlus<J rDx.d usv
z.vXtrh>0Jrvh±gS < th.’d>eH±gS < y,DR’D;phuzdo.h wz.’D;ymvDRqD0yJ RS
uvkmwzk’;D wzkt.d ’D;t’Ju0DR’.0JvRD I rhr>h uDRvRolr.j’.&S.H (w
rHv)f ‘D;uD>&cgoh.wz.ymCkm0JwylRCDvRD I ‘D;b.w>yXqSXt0Jo.h
vXrhuXF >’bdv.h (Maj. Debulie) vDRI uDRvRolr.j’.&S.H (wrHv)f
td.vXtuv;’D;uD>&cgtd.’. (150) vDRI vXw>*h>’fvJ.woh.
ngb.I w>th.vdmuJx.D vXySRcHzt k bX.pXR’D;uD>&cgus0D J (wrHv)f
‘D;b.’d (40) *RvDRI uD>&cgoh.wz.M.rh>vXt’lvXw>’k;ysDylRt
CdM>b.tcG;J t,mvXuDRvR0gvXupdm (cl;u&H) ’DwuvkmtHRoh
ud;*RvDRI vXcd&, H gw>’k;M.t0Jo.h wolust d gtgb.I uscD &d ,
H g’D;
t’Dc;l u&HM.vDRI vXw>M.tCd (Maj.Debulie) uwdRwrHvt f usmd
b.< b.q.uwdR (Hindustani) tusdmwb.tCdvd.b.ySRw
*RvXuwdRuDRvR0gusmd ’D; (Hindustani) tusmd b.w*RvDRI uD>
52
pD R zJ , gzsŒ
&cgM.tusdmtd.’.0Jp>h uD;b.q.uwdR (Hindustani) tusdmb.

cJvXmvDRI zJ (Maj Debulie) oHuG> (Maj. Roman) vXvd.b.ySR
us;d xHw*Rtcg,e>[l’;D ,td.clo.l < b.q.w±l;p&hvXphuzdw*R
’k;e>yX> (Maj. Roman) vXySRtd.vX’X;ylRw*RuwdR0Jo’h ;D ySRvJRud;
M>,R’D;,’k;e>yX> (Maj. Roman) vX,uwdRohzt J -uX;tCd (Maj.
Debulie) Ch,RvX (Maj. Borne) wbsc D b
H sv
D XvDysRH b.q.t0Jw
’due.0Jr>h vXtJ.,R’d.tCdvRD I b.q. (Maj.Debulie) [JvRD vX
teD>up>’D; (Jeep) ‘D;uwdRusJRvdmo;’D; (Maj.Barne) 0HRrX,uhR
[H;M>,w>zdw>vHR< ,vD>rHx’l ;D zXEkmqlt (jeep) ylR0HR< ,b.ydm
xD.tcH’;D ,b.uG>xGu J >D &cg (150) *RM.vDRI vXcH,[JuRh td.uhR
zJ (Kao Din camp) (9) vg’D; (Maj. Debulie) ‘k;e>yX>,RvXogu
uhRqlu>D tJuvH;wkRog[JuRh ’D;eR’D;uD>&cgoh.wz.uvJR’D;ogql
rvh&gS {gI erh>vJR,uod.vdeRuDRvR0gusmd < rvh±gS usmd < pJ;zDu[.
’D;w>ul.b.ul.oht h *R0HRerh>tJ.’d;[JuRh uhRqlerd>ey>ttd.’D;,
u[h.eRtcG;J vDRI zJtqXuwD>0JM.ph>uD; (Captain Dr. Eiliet) vX,
uJySRusdmxHvXtw>qg[H.tcg[h.ul.,RvX,uuhRrRoud;
w>’D; (Karen Rifle) vDRI
wkRtqXuwD>b.’D;,eD>up>’D;uD>&cg (150) *RyvJRcd;vh.rh.tlzJ

toMvXuvJRqlrvh&gS t*D>vDRI zJM. (Dr. Eiliet) ud;CDR,R’D;’k;eJ.
,R (Maj.Debulie) tw>upD.vXttd.cd;ySRzJrvh&Sgvh.rh.tlo
MvHM.vDRI b.q.’k;eJ.xD.,RuDRvR0gtok;cd.vG>H *RuG>vDRw>
’D;’k;e>yX>,RvXySRvG>H *RM.[Jt.d cd;ySRvXtd.vXuD>rwRrwR’D;u
uhRqSXuhRySRqlw*RvXtuD>’.0JtCd,’k;e>yX>uD>&cgoh.wz.’D;
53
rh>vXt0Jo.h wtJ.’d;uhRuhRqlu>D y,DRb.‘D;[;xD.uGmH zJv.h rh.tl

oM’D’.l vDRI ,R’D;,yk>xd.’h’.h ’D;o&.’Dv>h vX[JvRl CkuRh ,RcH*R
M.yrh>vJRohb.q.,qdr.d xD.,rd>,y>’D;y[JuRh uhRqlu>D y,DR
’D;vh.rh.tlvRD I
wkRuD>y,DR,EkmvDRqd (U.M.P-Union Military Police) zJ’0J>0h>yb.

xlzsX.xlvRD I ySRtd.wh>wbsK;zk’t f rh>< ubD,Rl ok; (R.A.F Royal
Air Force)< uDRvRy.cF.bH.o.rH,RD olo;k < (C.T.M.B) ‘D;t*Rw
bsK;zkvDRI b.q.utd.’.cHEGH’D; (D.Y.S. P) tlp.oh[JvDRusJR
(Southern Range Flying Squad of the Rangoon D.I.G) vDRI
ySRcd.ySRe>usRJ vDR0J’;D zJ’0J>yb.vJRxD. (12) *RvDRI ymzS.d u’D;rD.
vrFJ. (U.M.P) cJvXmtd. (40) *RvDRI
(Flying squad ) vXtrh>yh>qSgtd.oXzkvXtrh> (Southern Range,

Northern Range ‘D; Western Range) vDRI tcd.rh>uDRvRol’;D tvD>
vRrh>0J (D.Y.S.P) vDRI y0Jyrl’gvDRp;xD.0h>wul.’D;wkRbs;H b.vlR
Ck’k.’gw>upD.y’k;rh>eXRy’k;< rh>weXRud;xD.ok;zJ (rd) w>yXud;0J
(wJeef;aw1if) o0Dz;’d.wzsX.M.cD.rFLeH;ymclo.l ,y.tok;cd.t*R
(20) ’D;cd;0Jtok; (200) *RvDRI
y’k;e>yX>ok;’D;uD>&cgtok;1&h.< Southern Range Flying Squad, 1

qS.› (Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;) tySR1qS.› ymCkm’D;ubD,lR< rDxd.x;<
‘D;rsmd yp;xD.vXwDtv l RD I [gcDv>HG e.&H.wkR (rd) w>cH;qlngrDx.d usJ
wtd.b.tCdb.pH.vDR’D;vJRvXcD.’DeRngvDRI zJr>k qh.xD.,J>e.
54
pD R zJ , gzsŒ
&H.M.yu0DREkmvDRo0DyRl b.q.ywxH.ySRydmcGgeDw*R< rhr>h ydmrk.’D;

zdo.td.*D>rk>td.’D;w>bd.w*RpkmpkmvX[H.zDvmM.vDRI ok;cd.oh.
wz.oHu>G ydmcGgvJRqlv.J I wJ0?J woh.ngb./ ?okb.d ymw>bd.
b.rEkRvJ./ wJqX0 ?yysHRw>/ vDRI cD.rFLM;pfo.h wz.M>b.w>
upD.zsJ.tCd< yCkt0Joh.wb.b.I tCd[gcDvGH>e.&H.b.[J
uhRvDR’DeRngvDRI uD>&cgweDRtcd.rlRvDRCHRvXusw J bsK;*R’D;udR
vR0gok;cd.b.pdmM>uhRtusd’D; Jeep b.[JxD.uDuDcJcJvXu[J
td.uhRt0Jo.h vDRI y[JuRh wkR(rd) ySRqgrhRw>vD>uG;J vDR0J (t0pm;
wpfusy)f y0J Flying Squad yEkmvDRtD.< rh>vXywtD.b.rhR’DeRH ’D
eRtCdvDRI b.q.ytD.wpd>zdrhRvXmuolvXmtD.wbsJ’D;xD.rD
xd.y[JuRh uhRqlwt D v
l RD I
D.Y.S.P tlp.ohr>h vXttXvXyzDc.

d e;r;tCd< ok;cd.vXtzDvm’D;
U.M.P vXrD.vrFJ.oh.wz.uhRuhRqlt0JRvD>cd.oh.cJvXmvDRI
‘D;b.rRySRJ xD.uhR’D;oxl.t U.M.P vDRI td.u’D;wvg’D;rh>vXt
tX’H;tCdytd.vX (rd) y[;xD.Ckm’D;pku0JRud;*RqlzFL0h>vXyu
uhRql0>h wul.thp.h D.I.G %lt*D>vDRI Chun;ySRywue.Ckmb.I
wkRywkRvXzFL0h>’D;b.vXw>cH;vHtqXuwD>zJv.h rh.tltoMt0J
td.vXt,HR’D;wJpyd RS og’dvRD vDysRH ql0>h wul. D.Y.S.P %l’;D wJ0v
J X
ogySRwu&XtHR[;z;tzdtrg’D;vDRbS;H vDRwDRtCd,[Ju;d zJzLF 0h>
vXutd.bSH;t*D>vDRI b.q.ywue.Ckmb.’D;t0JvJRusJR’D;
D.Y.S.P zJzLF ’D; D.Y.S.P zJzLF 0h>[Jqy
l td.’D;Chun;ySR’D;wJ0v J Xok
td.’D;w>pku0JRwu;b.w>cH;w>eRvH’;D okyRS uvkmwz.[l;*JRxD.
55
e;r;tCd,ySR0h>zduysHRb.zk;w>vDRI 0Ho;plRtd.ym’D;,RzJzFL0h>
tyXRuD>oM’D;,u[h.ul.okvDRI rh>vXtrh>wDtlw>yXtCdrXy
vJRxD.qdqw l t
D v
l RD I ‘D;yqSXxD.ySRcH*Rqlwt
D ’l ;D [JuRh wkRuhR*hR*hR
vDRI vXpSRoDtwD>ylRwDtlt D.C (ta&;ydkif) [JvDRorHord;w>*h>
0HR’D;uhRxD.uhRvDRbl;uySRJ wvg’D; DIG udRvR0gteD>up>[JorH
ord;y0JJoh.wz.’D; D.Y.S.P tlp.ohtX.vDRtw>ur.cJvXm’D;
DIG uhRuhRql0>h wul.vDRI
td.wEGb H s.J bs.J ,[;vdmuGv J XrDx.d ust

J qXuwD>,oud;vlRCk
,R’D;wJ0v J Xyb.vJRql0>h wul.rh>vXvDysHRwkRk tCdM.vDRI w>*h>
’fv.J yqdr.d wb.b.I b.q.y0Jv>HG *RypdmCkm Bren wcd.< Slen
wcd.< rifle cHcd.’D; (Sub Inspector Police) SIP unDw*Rusdw&H;
revolver wcd.‘D;y’k;e>yX>youd;vXttd.vDRwJmoh.wz.vXu
td.’D;w>yvD>xDbd’D;y0J,J>*RyvJRcd;vh.rh.tlvDRI wkRvh.rh.tl
[JwRk ’D;ySRtg< ySRuwHmtCdw>vD>wtd.b.I rh>vXt&h’.d tCdv.h
rh.tltcd.Chun;ySR’D;vJRymySRvXoGJ.v;twGJM.vDRI ‘D;b.vX
rk>eRvDRI *DRcDv.h rh.tlwRk 0h>wul.ypH.vDR’D;yxD.olu;d *Rrh>vXoG.J
v;url.’HbXySRtCdM.vDRI yigxD.vh.u[.’D; SIP M.wJ0o J gzd’.d
rk.td.zJw>vD>u0DR0JtRH tCdrXvh.u[.qSXySRzJM.vDRI b.Ckw
bsK;wDRr;ywkRt[H.vDRI y,DR0h>zdwz.uG>ySRtgr;yvk.xHuvHR
uvJo;0HR< ytD.rhR0HRypdmxD.ypku0JR’D;yvJRvXycD.ql%v l RD I yw
oh.ngw>eDwrHRzJtqXuD>zJM.ySRpdmpk0RJ wohb.I udRvR0gok;r;pdm
wohb.I b.q.yvJRwkRvX%lz;’d.vXySRc;oHo;k cd.usX>tD.qg’D;
56
pD R zJ , gzsŒ
toud;w>vD>wz.M.vDRI zJM.ySRcd;}wJRrh>y,DRok;rk>vG>H *Rt0Jo.h

td.’D;tvD>tvRud;*RyyF;vDRvDysRH ’D;’k;e>yX>ySRvXymwD>pku0JRzJt
0Joh.t}wJR’D;cd;wh>w*Rt0Joh.[h.0JtcGJ;’D;,eD>up>cd;wh>w>pk
u0JRvDRI ‘D;,oud;vG>H *RvJRxD.ql±v l RD I
u,Hmw>qXuwD>oXe.&H.wyX>xD.uhReDw*Rb.I b.rR’fv.J w
oh.ng< b.q.w>ysHRw>zk;wtd.’D;,Rb.I w,Hmb.t0Jo.h [J
uhR’D;w>eHRw>thymCkm’D;y,DR SIP pDrgvXt[;xD.qdvXngwzk
tusgw*RxH.vdmuhRo;< [H;pku>G rJmvdmo;’D;wJ0v J Xok0o J zk ;JF ok’l
tCd DYSP tl p.ohtvD>vDRuGmH ql SIP ‘D;okM>b.uhR DYSP t
oDw*RvDRI y[JuRh xD.uhR’D; DYSP toDw*R’D;yb.vJRtd.vX
%S.U uF .h 0h>vDRI rhr>h DYSP zJzLF 0h>w*RvXtuwdRrkmySR’D;rXytd.’D;
tDRzJzLF 0h>M.qdr.d 0JoyS>wX>vXy0Jw’l.cJvXmyb.td.vXxDyRl Cdm
ylRvDRI DYSP tlp.ohr>h vXtvD>vDR< tw>ur.td.tCduRh c;t
rgzdo.b.q.wb.trg< b.vXtzdcgG zdw*RoH’;D t0JuRh uhRqlt
rgz;’d.t[H.’D;c;oHvRD uhRto;vDRI
yrRoud;w>’D; DYSP toDw*RweH.0HR,R’D;,oud;pDRzgvgywD.

xD.vHmvXytJ.’d;rRoud;w>’D; Karen Rifle ‘D;t0J[.h ySRtcG;J *hR*hR
b.b.< od.oDyRS 0HRyvJRxD.qlrgwvh’;D yyF;vDRyvHmtk.o;’D; 3rd
Karen wl>vdmySR*hR*hRb.b.vDRI zJyvJRwkRk M.ySRxXok;zdouD td.0J
200 *RvDRI yEkmvDRqlyRS vD>vHRusgwoh’;H b.I yb.td.vDRqDw
EG0H RH yb.’d;yF;yw>td.ql.td.chsvXw>qg[H.qJ;uoH.0HRr;yuJx.D
3rd Karen Rifle ‘D;ytd.Ckm’D;ySRvD>vHRohvRD I yb.p;xD.od.vdo;
57
b.C;ok;w>rRvd (6) vgz;ql.ng0HR’D;yb.tX.vDRyo;vXok;

w>zH;wz.rRt*D>zD.vHmpDq<HS zD.eD.w,>vDRI
u,HmweH.C.C.’D;y0Jyok;’hw’hyb.vJRxD. demonstration vX
rh>rFd;0h>zJok;cd.vD>vHRoh.wz.[JxD.uhRw>rRvdtcgM.vDRI zJt
0Jo.h xD.w>rRvdtcgb.xk;uGmH tq.cJvXmxDx.D uhR0JvXteD.*H>
M.vDRI td.xD.’D;tup>’.0Jtok;qS.› ’D;tok;’hvRD I cJvXmutd.cH
u,Rbs.J vDRI zJM. Regmental Sergeant Major (RSM) pDRxdw.h b.
od.vdyRS vDRw>&J.vDR (Parade) , y,DRtok;puDRw*R’D;uD>&cgt
ok;puDRb.od.vduh>*DRw>od.vd PT vDRI y0Jyok;’hyb.yF;
demonstration b.C;’D;w>vDRw>&J.vDRM.vDRI yb.xlzsX.xl’;D
ok;cd.wz.M.ph>uD;vDRI zJ A. Coy ok;’htusgok;cd.CkxXxD.,R’D;
,oud;Ck*R< cJvXmEG*H Rb.xD. Officer Training School (OTS)vDRI
od.vdqyd RS uh>*DRw>od.vd (PT course) cHEw HG uwX>’H;b.tcgw>u
pD.wkRok;’hvXvD>cX.o;’D;y C.O. lt. Col. ‘H.xl[.h vDRySRw>od.vd
wbsC D v D Xyb.vJRcd; 2nd Karen tySR[H.zdCzD v d Xrh;xH.v.0h>vDRI
‘D;’k;e>yX>ySRvX Lieutenant General prh;’dM.tvD>’d.M>’H; Major
General M.0hM.vDRI prh;’dM.rh>ySRunDvRD I ‘fw>uvk>vDRtod;rk>
qh.xD.yok;’h< y’d;xD.vh.rh.tl’;D y,DRqlr;h xH.v.vDRI wkRywkR
2nd Karen tvD>cX.o;zJr;h xH.v.0h>’D; 2nd Karen wtd.vXReDw
*Rb.I td.’.t[H.zdCzD w d ’l.vDRI b.q.yvJRqlt0Jo.h td.w>
tvD>wohb.I yb.td.uwDRyo;oXeHR’D;rDx.d [JwRk ’D;y‘d;xD.od
vh.’D;yok;’hp;xD.[;xD.yb.rRrEkRyb.vJRqlv.J qlv.J M.yw
oh.ngb.I yb.cDzs, d .h e.cF’D ;D ywkmrHvXruU0>h < th.,.0’H.xHusd
58
pD R zJ , gzsŒ
uX>cd.vDRI vXusMJ . Karen Rifle, Chin Rifle ‘D; Gurkha Rifle [;

patrol tgr;vDRI rk>qh.xD.yok;’h’d;xD.u’D;odvh.’D;y[;xD.ql
ngvDRI [gcDub.vG>H e.&H.yxH. 2nd Karen rifle tySRcd;w>zdt.d
vXw>ylR’D;cd;w>vXusJcHuyRvdmvDRI w>plRwpJ;pJ;yoh.ngvXrh>
d 0Jo.h utd.cHrRH vmC.C.’D;ywkR 2nd Karen HQ
w>’k;vDRI ycDzst
‘D;ypH.vDRwbsDCDy Pl. Comd. lt. Johlly rXyydmxD.tcH< qSXySRql
yS>ylRwwDR’D;wJM>ySRt0JtHRrh>w>’k;ysDvDRI ‘D;t0JuhRuhRqlvD>cX.
o;vDRI
w>*h>wcD Burma Rifle M.[;xD.rh>uv.’d.0h>wul.tok;zdo.H zd

woh.ngph>uD;< [Jx.D wkRyF>H ’D;’k;e>yX>tok;vXywrh>y’d.tySRvXR
b.I yrh>cDrFLeH;vDRI ‘D;vDRuhRql0h>wul.wbsDCDb.q.ySRyX>qX
t0Jo.h ql.r;tCdw&H;cd.[JuRh xD.uhR’D;xD.u’D;0Jqx l ;wbsC D D
wvXuGmH tD.v.0h>tCd 2nd rifle b.vDR’k;t0Jo.h vDRI ‘k;0JM>’.t
cD.xH;wwDRvDRI qlngxD.0JwM>b.tCduRd vR0gok;cd.b.[Jus;J
pX;&J.pXR’D;y0J 3rd Karen b.[JrRpXR 2nd Karen vDRI ‘D;ok;u’Ju
’Jb.’k;vdmto;vDRI yb.td.w>vD>M.oXoD0RH r;w>uyDRxD.r;y
xD.’k;’D;wkR*DR 9 e.&H.wde.d vdmo;’k;vdmo;’DeRH wkR[gvG>H e.&H.t
0Jo.h w*kRuhRvD>cHtCdw>uvk>vDRvX fix bayonet b.[Jx.D ozSd
’D;’k;tDRr;t0Jo.h *kRuhRtvD>cHvRD I
*kRuhRtvD>cHwbsu D td.’. (5) rH;vmvDRI b.vJo;k ’D;b.xD.ud;

eHR’J;vDRI bl;uwkRtD.v.0h>vX[gcD (ta&;ydkif.D.C) vXtD.v.
0h>[Jx.D xJw*R’D;’d;vh.,D>’D;ySRzD.M>tDR’D;ySRorHord;tDR’D;'k;e>yX>
59
vDRto;vXtrh>(ta&;ydkif.D.C) vXtD.v.0h>’D;wJ0Jokrh>EkmvDR
tD.v.0h>M.wb.c;usdb.I rh>vX Burma Rifle vXtuJxD.cD
rFLM;M.wtd.vX0h>ylRvXRb.I [;xD.uGmH vXmvHtCdvRD I b.q.
Karen Rifle tok;cd.’k;e>yX>tDRrhr>h ’fM.’D;cJr>k qh.yuvDRqlt.
D v.
0h>wylRCDvRD I yvDRqlt.D v.0h>’D;wkRtD.v.0h>vX[g (5) e.&H.t
qXuwD> Burma Rifle wtd.vXRph>uD;b.’D;w>’k;wtd.b.I D.C
[JxD.’H;tw>tX.vDRtod;vDRI yb.ywkmzJtD.v.0h>wEGHrh>vX
b.[H;M>’k.’gw>upD.tCdvRD I
vXcHe>[lw>upD.vX Burma Rifle vXtuJx.D cDrLF M;t0Jo.h uhRrR

u>bG;J uFw
H Rd ’D;rh.yd>’D;cd;vDRu’D;ySRvXupX>uyRvDRbG;J uFt
H wdRM.
xHx.D xHvRD wkRxHvRD vXmM.e,l>vDR’D;evDRbsX.’D*RngvDRI b.
q.wkRtqXuwD>b.’D;y0J Karen Rifle y[;xD.tD.v.0h>td.
wh>’. Union Military Police (UMP) w’hM.vDRI y[;xD.’D;ywkRwdR
’D; Karen Rifle qDvRD o;xHusd’b D bd .q.cDwnDb.I rh>vXwdRu>
’D;z;xDwbdtCdvRD I vXyvD>cHwcDrsdm< 3"2" Motor ‘D;pJ;usdt.d u
wJmuwDRo;*D>rk>< cDrLF M;ph>uD;qDvRD 0Jt 3"2" Motor ‘D;pJ;usMd .vDRI
zJcDrFLM;oh.wz.M.zJy’k;vdmo;vXusJtcgc;vDR0J 3"2" Motor
‘D;b.vD>cX.o;*hRr;vDRI
wkRt,HmxD.’D;y Pl comd. Lt. Johlly pH;vXoguxD.’D;ud;xD. (No.

1 sec.) eD>*H> 1 ok;qS.› xD.’D;’fok;[h.vDRw>uvk>tod;xD.0JvDRI
b.bs;usv d XcsXCH (sling arm) ‘D;zD.wdRtuElR’D;wkRqlb;cD*Rh *hRvDRI
0HR No.2 sec eD.*H> 2 ok;qS.› xD.u’D;0Jp>h uD;ymCkm’D;,RwkRw>uDt
60
pD R zJ , gzsŒ
vD>’D;cDrLF M;xH.vDRySR’D;c;vDRpJ;usdqw l Rd zJw>uDtvD>M.vDRI yySR

qDvRD uszd ;’d.vXyvD>cHp>h uD;c;xD.0Jq’l .k ’gttd.wuyRph>uD;vDRI
w>’k;p;xD.’D;c;vdmo;ql.ql.cHuyRvdm’D;y0Jyb.td.vX’k.’g’D;
yySRuscd suH ql;vDRI ‘fo;k eJ.vDRtod;ySRxD.cDwRd wzkb.wzkq0l >b;
cDvRD I ok;tpJ;zDu[.ok;qS.› (Enginees Platoon) vXb.bSw D Rd ph>uD;
b. sling arm ‘D;b.bSw D Rd vXuscd su
H ql;vDRI c;’k.’gwcsK;b.vXcH
wkR’Do;k &h.Ckm’D;yok;’h (attach coy) qlb;cD’;d b.xD.’k;u’D;qlu
pX>uyRvDRI ok;zdcH*RpH.vDRqlwdRzDvmqdrd.xD.0JvXtcD.zD.wdR
xl.csK;’H;uyHmql;wH>< 0;wM>eDwpJ;b.I w>’k;u,HmvG>H e.&H.[g
cD,>J e.&H.’k.’g*kRuhRtvD>cH’;D ySRxk;xD.uhRvXysRH vDRI wdRph>uD;bSD
uhRo;0HR< rsdm‘D;rDx.cDuhRM>*hR*hRvDRI b.vJok;’D;b.xD.ud;eHR
wkRvXyF.H 0h>’D; DC vXyF.H 0h>[Jx.D usRJ ympXRw>’H;tD.v.0h>tCdw>
’k;vX0h>ylRwtd.b.I rRM>yFH.0HRb.xD.Cku’D;’k.’gvXth.,.0
wH.xHusdb.cDu;d eHR’J;’D;b.’k;vdmu’D;o;vDRI zJrRM>yF.H 0HRcDrLF M;
rRM>u’D;tD.v.0h>rh>vXtd.xJ UMP ok;’hw’htCd Karen Rifle b.
[Jx.D ’k;u’D;ySRok;’hc’H ’h ;D rRM>uhR0JvRD I zJw>’k;tqXuwD>ySRqSXvHm
y&Xtd.ph>uD;vDRI vHmy&XvX[H.[JwRk < euG;J vHmql[.H oh< ySRok;zd
w*Rtw>tJ.wDc*H RuG;J M>tvHmwkRwbsC D t
D .d ph>uD;’D;w>o;zSv H RD I
vgvJp>h uD;[h.0JvRD I w>’k;wbsDtRH ud;eHR’J;,HmwvgvDRI
u,HmwEGb H s.J bs.J ’D;y0J 3rd Karen w>uvk>vDRvXyb.[JuRh uhRql

y 3rd Karen tvD>cX.o;vXrgwvheyD Rl ohv’H ;D y[JuRh y[;xD.yF.H 0h>
’D;ywkmrHzo J .,.0wH.0h>weRrk>qh.xD.y[JuRh vDRuhRqlr.h uv.
’l.’D;yrHzMJ .weRvDRI zJy[JuRh M.y,DRok;wz.tJ.’d;rRwHmwmySR
61
wpJ;vDRI rk>qh.xD.y[;xD.’D;ok;rDx.d t’d.tcd. 40 ’D;[gcDywkRwD

tlz[
J g 5 e.&H.tqXuwD>ywkmrHzMJ .weRvDRI zJwt D Ml .1st Karen
tvD>cX.o;td.vDRI
rk>qh.xD.y[;xD.wDt’l ;D ywkRrh;xH.v.0h>vDRI ‘D;yb.ywkmzJr;h

xH.vmph>uD;’D;w>uJx.D to;ywoh.ngb.I Burma Rifle ‘D; Chin
Rifle rXyymvDRw>pku0JRb.q.ySRwymvDRw>pku0JReDw*Rb.I y
ok;’hM.td.’. (150) *RvDRI t0Jo.h u0DRwH>ySRutd.oXuxd*R
vDRI ,J,b.yXqSXw>pku0JRrk>qgcDt.d vX Rifle Court ph>uD;vDRI
rk>eRcDyRS ok;zd[xJ ;k xD.cJvXm,rRwohew D rHRy,DRok;cd.wz.usJR
vdmo;’DeRH ’DeRvXuymvDRw>pku0JRt*D>b.q.wuJx.D b.I u
,HmwEG’H ;D rXyok;cd.oh.wz.oX*RvJRxD.qlr>h rF;d 0h>vDRI ok;cd.oX*R
vJRxD.’D;wkR[JuRh wkRqDvRD &J.vDRySR’D;rXyymvDRpku0JRvDRI rh>vX
t0Jo.h vJRxH.yySRunDvXtzD.pku0JR’D;t[H.zdCzD cd v J Xmb.ym
vDRpku0JR’D;b.w>zD.CmtDRvXmvH’;D ok;cd.vXrh.rF;d oh.wz.Chu
n;vXy0Ju;d *Rytd.vXokpyk Rl okr>h wymvDRpku0JRy0Jo.h wz.tHRw
nDvXy*D>b.I yb.w>qDvRD &J.vDR’D;[h.ySRw>od.w>oDM.p;xD.
[g (6) e.&H. wkRrk>eR (12) e.&H.’D;ySRok;zdymvDRpku0JRvDRI rk>b.
xD.qSXxD.ySRqlr.h rd;F 0h>’D;vh.rh.tl’;D zD.tgxD.0JyySRunD UMP vX
zD.pku0JR’D;[JuhRymCkm0Jqlytd.’D;tgxD.wkR 200 *RvDRI u,J>
vh.rh.tloMM.cd;ympXR0Ju;d wDR’J;vDRI
wkRrh>rF;d 0h>vh.rh.tloMok;rDx.d td.cd;ympXRySR’D;b.pH.vDRwbsC

D D
b.td.&J.vDRo;wusRd ‘D;vJRqlov d .h td.w>tvD>vDRI y,DRok;cd.
62
pD R zJ , gzsŒ
w*R’D;yok;cd.w*RorHord;ySR< tDuzH s.D cHxX.0HRb.xD.qlov d .h ylR

w*Rb.w*RvDRI yxD.ySRJ wcd.’D;[;xD.wcd.vDRI wkRrDx.d [;xD.
‘D;ySRok;zdo;0H.xD. ?,w>rk>v>tcD.xH;/ tHRvDRI wkRywkRvX
w>zD.CmtvD>’D;yb.pH.vDR‘D;vJREkm’D;youd;vXtd.ympXRoh.w
z.wJyRS < ?cGgpDo.h {X< ttHRrh>CdmylRvDRI/ zJtwDR0JM.yok;utd.
1000*RcJvXmw>zD.CmtDRtvD>’D0>h ngutd.3000*RvDRI [h.ySR
vgvJ’;D w>tD.b.q.usMd .w’k;zD.ySRb.I yb.td.uwJmuwDR
o;xDbv d RD I y C. coy td.’H;vXrF‹c.F 0h>< ycl;ul.0h>’D;y,DRok;cd. Maj
w*R[JCyh ok;cd.w*RvXuvJRydmtcHqrl ‹F c.F ycl;ul.0h>b.q.ySR
ok;zdwys>b.I y,DRt Maj wJ0v J Xrh>wkRycl;ul.< rF‹c.F 0h>rh>xH.vX
C. coy td.vXrl’gylR*hR*hRu’k;zD.uhRySRpku0JRcJvXmvDRI ok;cd.w
*RoguvJRrh>rXymvDRpku0JRoguxD’g’D;’k;wbsC D v D RD I t0Jo.h vJR
wkRycl;ul.< rF ch .F 0h>’D;wvDRqDb.rX C. coy ymvDRpku0JRtCdw>’k;
uJx.D wbsDC’D ;D y,DRok;b.’dz;’d.vDRI vX Karenni State ph>uD;y
B. coy zJ[; patrol tcgy,DRok;cd.ud;uhRcJvXm&J.vDR0J’;D rXymvDRpk
u0JRtCdy B. company commander rXw&H;qlupX>’D;[;xD.ql
upX>wbsC D ’D ;D B. coy [;xD.wbsC D qD ul pX>’D;y,DRok;rRwohew D
rHRb.I
w,Hmb.utd.’.wEG’H ;D ubD,Rl [JczD sdyzDc.d cHb.h 0HRvX[gwe.

&H.tqXuwD> Jeep [Jwmk zJ Kachin Rifle cd;ySRt}wJRt0J[w J *R{dR
’D;rXy[;xD.cJvXmb.q.yok;cd.oh.wz.}wDyRS < oemuhr>h vXt
ud;xD.ySRql.ql.tCdy[;xD.’D’l.cDzsdySRcd;w>tuql;rh>vXt
0Jo.h cd;w>td.vG>H qH*Rt0Jo.h teD.*H>pSR’D;oHu>G ySRb.rEkRvJ.ywJ
63
qXwcsK;b.’D;w&H;ySR 40 *R< 0;w&H;yw>vD>M.vDRI Shan rifle y.

ph>uD;vXySRcd;w>tusg’D;’l.CmySR’D;ysRH x;cHwRD vDRI tcD.xH;wwDR
upDRxD.utd.tyh. 10 qlw>ysDyRl pDRpkR 5 ys>’l.u’D;0JupDRxD. 4
yh.wwDRvDRI y[;xD.’D’.l wkRrDx.d us’J ;D ucF‹.ok;cd.eD.%Sv J X[Jt;d
xD.ySRxJw*R{dRM.rXyvJRzs.J zs.J ’D;b.vJRqlv.J woh.ngb.I vX
cHwRk Rifle court w>ympku0JRtvD>’D;rXywD>oh.z;od;cJvXmrXyrRzs.J
zs.J vDRI [Jpmd Ckm0Jo;k uhc.d c‹;F ch.< ySRunDtrgudRvR0grk.’k;qh.eDR0J
cH*RvdmzJ Rifle court M.vDRI rh>vXwrRCkmt0JtCdvRD I rh.rF;d ubD
,lRys’D ;D qlr>h rF;d 0h>t}wJRM.pDRpkRtrHRvm (10) vDRI t0J[pJ .H vDRubD
,lRyszD MJ .td. Kachin rifle ‘D; Gurkha rifle ‘D;t0Ju&Xu&dx.D 0J’;D
uJx.D tySRcJvXm’D;[Jx.D ql0>h t}wJRph>uD;td.’. Kachin rifle ‘D;
Karen rifle vXt[Jx. D ’D;ubD,Rl t*R 60 M.ymwh>0Jzu J bD,Rl yswD
eDRzJ}wJRweDR’D; Rifle court weDRvDRI cDvDRuD>y,DRuvHRpd;’D;wkR
Rifle court td.’.ucF‹.&JzX.tCdt0Ju&Xu&dx. D ySRcd;w>zd’;D uJx.D
tySRvDRI
ywD>oh.z;eD>0HmcHcv J XmtCdy}J wDt;d xD.o;’D;yEkmvDRrRM>w>pku0JR

0HRy[JuRh uhRqlw>zD.CmySRtvD>M.vDRI ok;cd.ok;e>oh.wz.qD
vDRuhRo;vXok;’h’.0Jpmk pkm (by coy) 0HRrXyxD.’k;w>wbsDC’D ;H t
0Jo.h eJ.vDRw>vD>w>usJzrJ >h rF;d 0h>M.vDRI zJb;l bl;wH>wH>M.w>’k;uJ
xD.qd’;D Chin Rifle c;vdmo;vDRI zJtqXuwD>M.udRvR0gok;cd.
td.wD>’H;zJr.h rF;d 0h>oh.wz.EkmvXySR’k;vdmo;tbX.pXR,RxD.tpk
ql Chin Rifle oh.wz.ttd.’D;rXymvDRtpku0JRvDRI Chin Rifle ym
64
pD R zJ , gzsŒ
vDRpku0JRyySR[H;M>pku0JR0HRwD.xD.0Jqw l >zDc.d wwDR’D;zD.Cmym0J

zJM.vDRI yxD.ql ngySRvJRtd;xD.uhRyySRok;zdvXtb.w>zD.Cm
cHwRD vdm’D;t0Jo.h zD.xD.pku0JRyymzS.d xD.yo;’D; Kachin Rifle, *D>&
cg&J.zX.’D;pSRe.&H.twD>ylRy’k;M>rh>rF;d 0h>vDRI yzD.M>y,DRok;cd.z;’d.
t*R (30) zJu>D y,DRuvHRpd;zJr>h rF;d 0h>’D;ySRzD.t0Jo.h vDRI
vXcHyoh.ngvX 1st Karen Rifle ‘D; KNDO rRM>wDt’l ;D [Jx.D ’k;rh;

xH.v.0h>vDRI zJtcgM.ubD,Rl td.cHb.h b.w>eD.tDRvXudRvR
0gzJu[;xD.tqXuwD>ySRzD.M>csK;’D;rX0JySRvJRw>zdpH.vDRuGHm’D;
t0Jo.h usRJ Karen Rifle t*R (30) ’D; Kachin Rifle t*R (30) rX0J
t[JxD.qSXqlrh>rFd;0h>vXu[Jtd;xD.M>ySRb.zD.Cmw>tvD>M.
vDRI zJM.yoh.ngu’D;vXyuJx.D u’D;uD>olvRh ok;vDRI
y’k;rh>rF;d 0h>0HRvXySRzD.M>y,DRok;cd.t*R (30) tusgw*R’D;yok;cd.

z;’d.w*RvJRvDRqlrgwvhvXurXy,DRok;zdzrJ gwvhvXu[h.vDR
o;t*D>b.q.t0Jo.h w[h.vDRo;’D;[JuRh xD.uhRcH*RvdmvDRI zJ
tqXuwD>M.y,DRok;[JEmk vDRclo.l uhRvXrk>eR’D;xD.td.vX[H.
ylRvX0h>’DzsX.ng‘D;w>’k;uJx.D u’D;zJr>h rF;d 0h>vDRI rh.tlt.D 0h>’D;w>
’k;td.’DeRH ’DeRrh>tJ.’d;td.bS;H b.td.vXwX;ylRvDRI rh>rF;d 0h>M.udRvR
0gu;_ygoh.wz.M.tD.w>wtd.[JCt h .D w>vXytd.w’l.b.w
’l.vDRI u;_ygrk.w&XM.b.td.u’kvX[H.uydm[H.uyRtgr;vDRI
vXcHo;k cd.oh.wz.xXzS.d ok; (500) *R’D;zJw>uyDRxD.xD.’k;0h>p;
xD.tcD.xH;wkRtuwX>’DeRH b.q.y,DRtd.’H;‘.w>vX[H.ylRt
Cdw>’k;td.’H;’.w>vXcHxXzS.d u’D;ok;wbs’D ;D xD.’k;p;xD.tcD.xH;
65
xD.Ckm’D;[H.ud;zsX.wkRvX0h>tuwX>’D;w>’k;qduwD>uhRvDRI w
eHRweHRok;zdo’H ;D b.’dtpSRuwX> (50) *R’D;qltzDc.d vDRI
udRvR0gwu&XM.vX.xD.teD.w,>’D;’dw>*DRzJyRS ’k;vdmo;tu
ql;ylRM.vDRI wysRH w>b.I ok;vXxD.’k;M>rh;xH.v.xD.qlrgwvh
’D;ok;vXrh>rF;d 0h>wz.vDRqlrgwvh’;D y’k;pSX>rgwvh 3 eHRtwD>ylRyrR
M>rgwvhvRD I rh>vXw>’k;ql.xD.vXnD.vhy.h 0h>tCdyRS ok;zdb.uhR
vDRuhR*D>rk>’D;y0JunD&.J zX.’D;ucF‹.&J.zX.t*R (300) *Ryb.td.
wD>zJrgwvheyD Rl M.vDRI rh>vXy,DRok;[Jwv d RD yS>D eDtyJ}wD’;d vh.rh.
tl’eD RH ’DeRtCdwRk vh.rh.tl[’J ;D b.c;*kRuhRtvD>cHxb D vd RD I vX
(OD;cefw)D upX>cd.wcDc;vDRySR’D; 3" motor ph>uD;vDRI ytd.wEG’H ;D y
td.wnDvXRb.tCdyqDvRD ok;rDx.d yzXEkmvDRw>tD.w>tDusdcsH
usdo.’D;w>vXt&h’.d cJvXm< vX*DRyxD.rDx.d cJvXmytd;xD.yJ}wD
vXrh>rFd;wuyRrDxd.[;xD.M>0Jwulmrh>vXy,DRok;c;ySRtCdb.
pH.vDRySR (300) vdm’D;b.xD.’k;Ch>uGmH y,DRok;0HRr;y[;xD.b.
uhRqlr.h rF;d wuyRvDRI ycd;vDRuhRzJxzd .d upX>cd.M.vDRI
zJy[;xD.M.zD.M>udRvR0gu;_ygok;cd.w*Rpdm’D;}bJccH .d w,HmwrD>
utd.cHECHG .C.ucF‹.&J.zX.vXwrRCkm’H;’D;ySRwzkp;H 0JvXu[JrR
oud;w>’D;ySRb.q.ytd.’D;w>yvD>xDbd’D;ucF‹.&J.zX.vXt’k;
Ckmw>’D;ySRwzk[’J ;k e>yX>ySRvXySRwzkM.urXyymvDRpku0JRvDRI t
Cdyb.’k;t0Jo.h vDRI ok’;k rh>wrkmy0JucF‹.u’Ju’Jyu’k;vDRI b.
q.vXw>uJx.D o;owl>uvmtCdt0Jo.h [JEmk vDR’furRCkmw>
teD>uD>wc;uswd [J’yf RS xD.’k;w>tod;b.I ytd.’D;w>uG>ue.t
66
pD R zJ , gzsŒ
0Jo.h ph>uD;b.q.wkRt0Jo.h [JEmk wkR’D;ucF‹.&J.zX.wu&XM.rXy

ymvDRw>pku0JRteD>uD>vDRI tCducF‹.&J.zX.vXtrRoud;w>’D;
ySRwzkuRh xD.cDzst d 0Jo.h ’D;uhR[l;*JRuhRvXucF‹.uD>vDRI w>usRJ tHR
uymCkm’D;yySRunDo;k cd.weDRtCdp>h uD;vDRI w>uJx.D o;ok;vX
rgwvhw>rJmngwzkwoh.ngw>eDwrHRtCdo;k vXrh>rF;d 0h>vJRvDRql
w>rJmng’D;ok;rDx.d ’D;’k;e>yX>ok;cd.vXw>uJx.D o;t*h>’D;yymzS.d
xD.yo;’D;w>yD;w>vDcv J XmtvXtySRJ y’D;xD.rDx.d ’D;[JuRh xD.uhR
’D;Ekmqly>S usq
J 0l >h csXvDRI qlngodv.h usw J td.vXR’D;b.vXrk>eRw>
cH;ypH.vDRy0Hx.D us<d uscd su H so
d .zJtM>vDRI ySRt’d.ySRt*H>ql.0Husd
cHc.d b.q.rh>vXw>ypkmypGgw>usRJ wcsK;w’;tCdw>tD.wy.eDw
rHRuscd su
H so
d .uszd ;’d.w>tD.tuvkmuvkmtd.wD>vXodv.h ylR*D>rk>
vDRI
ok;cd.ok;e>wz.uG>vDR[D.cd.*DR’D;yvDRql,Rd uD>wuyRvDRI b.
vJRvXcD.yS>usgus’J ;D ,Hm 25oDvRD I w>tD.td.’.cDxu H s’d ;D tDxv H RD I
oh.’d;oh.v.vXytD.ohwtd.b.I b.q.ok;cd.ok;zdt*R 300
bs.J wql;wqgeDw*RySRJ ’D;w>ol.ql.o;ql.’D;*H>’D;bgvDRI ywkR[d.
yd (awmif}u;D ) w>yXyySRuvkmrk.cGgvXwD.uF[ H x
J .D uwJmuwDRM>ySR
w>tD.’D;ytD.b.uhRrhRzJM.vDRI zJywkR[d.yduyRM.ySR}wDyRS vJREkm
[d.ydw*hRI b.q.ySRok;zdqq H .J *RvJREkmtD.cDebD .H (acguq f )JG zJ[.d
yd’;D rh>vXw>yvD>wtd.tCdtus0d >H qSg’D;t0Jo.h oHzyJ RS qgcDeb D .H t
us; (acguq f qJG ikd )f M.vDRI weHRcHeRH 0HRyvDRu’D;qlu&h.eH.uD>wu
yRvDRI u,g< y’D.oh.wz.M.rRM>u,guD>td.wh>’.xJryd ’JF ;D zJ;cl.
M.vDRI u,gy’D.oh.wz.M.uwdRySRunDpRDS usmd ’D;z;0Jb.vDRI p;
67
xD.[d.yd’D;wkRvGJ>uD>M.b.[JuhRvXcD.wbsK;eHR’H;vDRI zJtqX
uwD>0JM.ok;uhc.d uFeD .H xl’;D ok;t*R (80) pdmpku0JRwcsK;< b.xD.
vXyS>usq
J ,
l Rd uD>pJ.’D;[JuRh xH.vdmuhRySRCkm’D;tydmrk.tcd.r;rh.
w*RvDRI ySRoHu>G tDRok[u J Rh pdmusyd RJS cd.t0JwyJ RS [JuRh pdmusw
d *R
wcd.xJog0Jw*Rusw d y.b.I
ytd.bS;H wEG0H RH yxD.’k;rdy’JF ;D zJ;cl.Ckm’D; Karenni ok; Kachin Rifle vX

[JuRh xD.vXwDt‘l ;D yrRM>cJvXmvDRI yymzS.d xD.uhRyo;’D; Karenni
ok;’D; Kachin Rifle ‘D;yxD.’k;uhRu’D; (awmif}u;D ) 0h>’D;yrRM>0h>vX
usdcsHwvXmeDwzsX.b.M.vDRI urh>zk;b.to;vXodvh.vJRvDR
tgtCd’;D b.vXrk>eRtCdvRD I td.wvg’D;y,DR[Jx.D ’k;u’D;ySR’D;
w>’k;M.ql.xD.uG‹>uG‹>[Jx.D vXy,DRuD>[JvRD vX,dRuD>pJ.w>’k;
u,Hm (3) EGH’D;yb.*kRuhRyvD>cHwqDb.wqD’D;wkRu’D;vGJ>uD>
0h>vDRI
rh>vXye>[lvXbs;H §’0J>wcD[.H CDb.w>’G.J o;’D;pku0JRwvXwySRJ

td.xJ*XRo;’D;b.uDb.cJe;r;tCdo;k cd.pDREl;’D;,RusRJ oud;vXy
uuhRvDRqlbs;H §’0J>’H;yrh>ySRbs;H §’0J>zdtCdvRD I ok;cd.pDREl;M.td.
zJv>JG uD>M>trg’D;y’d.rk.rRoud;w>’D;u&h.eH.tcd.< uD>up>pDR%S.U
‘D;uD>up>pDR%S.U ym*H>ymbgvXtDRvDRI ok;cd.pDREl;[JuRh vDRvXngw
pJ;,J,td.’D;ucF‹.&J.zX.vXok;cd.eD>%SJyXoh.wz.vXu[JvDR’D;
,Rb.q.y’d.zdnu D sRJ vXuuhRxD.’D;tDRqlucF‹.uD>’D;rh>vXucF .h
&J.zX.w[JvRD vXR’D;,Rb.tCd,[JuRh vDR’D;ySRok;zdt.d vXxH
x.pU 7 *RvXcHvRD I b.cDzszd .pD< z.yl.0h>< uD;u&h;< ur;rD< vJb<JG
68
pD R zJ , gzsŒ
z.t.< xH*>k oD’;D wkRuF.th’;D yxH.vdmuhRo;’D;ok;cd.pDREl;’D;yymzS.d

uhRyo;’D;td. 70 *RvDRI ySRwz.M.rh>ySRbs;H §’0J>zdrRy’d.ok;[JuRh
vXthph.w>’k;weDR< wDtlw>’k;weDR UMP ‘D;unD&J.zX.weDRvDRI
‘D;yvdRuhRql&>h w>yX’D;wkR (rD;uM.) ‘D;wvXReD>tcd.rXy’k;pXRt
w>zJM.vDRI zJy’k;pXRt0Joh.tcgyySRo;p>t*R 80 [JxD.vX
bsH;§’0J>vXuvJRxD.[H;M>w>pku0JRvXwDtl0h>b.q.M>b.w>
upD.vXwDtl0h>uD>olvhRtvD>cX.o;vDRuGHmql’k.’gtpkylRtCd
vJRxD.wohvXRb.I tCdyp;xD.od.vdt0Joh.b.C;ok;w>rR
vdwcDcD’D;rh>vXw>pku0JRwtd.vJRod.vdo;vXw>’k;ysDylRteD>
uD>pk,>cDvRD I ySRJ xD.wvg’D;ok;cd.pDREl;ChvXuuhRvDRqlbsH;§’0J>
vDRI y[JuRh vDRqlbs;H §’0J>b.cDzs,d RylR< vD>oX.< ypDRvDR< 0.yD.<
urdRoU’;D wkRrh>wgo0DvRD I yxD.u’D;qlq;H ul.< vX>w>ylR< rDocDG gG <
zD.wD.< ueJC<D w>rJx.< rDr-xK.< uxDe.H < xl.vX>< CD.xHo0D’;D
yxD.upX> (qifjyefawmif) ’D;ywkRyJRcHvRD I ywkRu’D;w>vhc.d o0D
’D;yusJRoud;’D;o0Do;yS>o;p>rk.cGgoh.wz.0HRyu0DRwH>CmyvD;
0h>vDRI y’k;vdmo;u,HmwEGH’D;w*kRuhRvD>cHeDwcDtCdvXcHw>u
vk>vDRvXok;cd.pDREl;w[gtHRyb.EkmvDRClCzl ;d zd;yb.’k;yvD;0h>
wkRtM>wpkvDRI wkRqXuwD>b.’D;[gcDvGH>e.&H.yEkmvDR’k;ClCl
zd;zd;ud;uyR’J; ‘D;yrRM>yvD;0h>vDRI rRM>pku0JRweDR’k.’gtpd.wqH
bs.J vDRI yrRM>yvD;0HRySRo;p>< ySRo;yS>< ydmrk.ydmrXRClz;d tCdy’k;
uJxD.ok;&h.M.vDRI ok;cd.ok;e>‘D;ok;zdcJvXm 1000 *RvDRI w>yX
w>jy;o0DwzsX.’D;wzsX.td.’D;t*XRo;< *XRo;cd.< ydmrk.u&X’D;ydm
rk.u&Xtcd.te>vXo0Du;d zsX.< o0Du&Xcd.< ok;uoH.o&.rk.cGg
100 *R< uoH.o&.z;’d.rh>o&.b.oDvXtrh>ySRoxl.zd< zdo.<
69
uF’d ;D uFo
d &.< ul.ohq;J vR0JRusdRcd.< ySRbSu D sd’;D tu%l>ytd.zS.d y
usRJ vdmoud;’D;vJRo;bhsbsh qqDS v
DS RD I ytd.zS.d bs;H §’0J>weH.wbsw
D >
td.zS.d cX.p;vXo0DwzsX.’D;wzsX.[Jx.D w>td.zS.d ClCzl ;d zd;b.
qXb.uwD>ud;eH.’J;vDRI
ok;vX[JuhRvDR’D;ySRo;p>t*R 80 vXvJRxD.[H;M>w>pku0JRoh.
wz.uJx.D ok;cd.< ok;o&.cJvXmvDRI yusRJ vDRyo;p;xD.’0J>cHwRk
0.,J;< uF’d .D vDRI zJyEkmvDR’k;weDo&H.0h>yu0DRwH>CmtcgyqSXvDR
ok;cd. Lt. Fregie vXuvJRcd;ubDvX[Jx.D vXbs;H wuyRb.q.
t0Ju;d xD.o0Dz’d ;D ok;zdcv
J Xm 40 *RymCkm’D;ydmrk.vG>H *RvJREkmqlbs;H
0h>wcDvJRud;M> D.C rRtvJR’D;tDRqlphwX;ySRcd;phwX;’D;t0Joh.
uJx.D w>’k;’D;c;vdmo;zJM. D.C b.’do’H ;D (Lt. Fregie) oHp>h uD;vDRI
ySR (40) M.[JuhRwkRxJ (7) *RvDRI zJM.udRvR0gvXrRcJ.’D;ubD
vXobDv;H [JCch ;JG ’D;ySRvXuuhRusRJ w>vX0h>wul.’D;y[h.t0Jo.h
tcG;J vDRI t0Jo.h uhRutd.wEG’H ;D ubDo;k [Jx.D (7) bh.wbh.M.
xD.cdocl .d y.vDRySRvG>H qH*R’D;y’k;qXweXRtCdb.*kRuhRyvD>cHql
wzd.x.uDucD cJ rJ >h vXubDo;k xD.wvXuGmH ySRtCdvRD I qdr.d urh>
’.udRvR0gtw>usJRvDRI t,hyJ. D.C vXtoHvXphwX;M.trHR
(xdyw f ifa’G;) ySRwJvXy,dRpDRyRtpXRtoG.J tuwX>w*RvDRI
yrRM>yvD;cHe.H 0HRy,DRxD.’k;M>uhRwbsyD mCkm’D;ubDo;k vXcHyxD.

’k;M>uhR’D;wbsbD .q.y,DRok;rRM>u’D;wbsyD b.*kRuhRyvD>cHql
o0DwzsX.b.wzsX.’D;y’k;uJx.D yvD>cX.o;zJxrH >d yS>weDo&H.us0d >h
wd>&h.M.vDRI ,td.bs;H §’0J>,vJRxD.z.yl.vD>cX.o;cHbsv D XcD.
70
pD R zJ , gzsŒ
vXuxH.vdmo;’D;cd.e>vXx;t*D>vDRI p;xD.rh>rF;d 0h>wkRbs;H A’0J>y

[JuRh vXcD.vDRI w>td.bS;H td.ogwtd.b.I zJw>’k;tqXuwD>,
xD.yS>,M>,rgzJ,td.27 eH.zJp.’H.0ho0Dzo J 0DwbsK;zsX.b.Ch>ym
zSd.o;tvD>vDRI ,rgrh>eD>’J;zeH.t0Jto;p>M>,R 5 eH.‘D;rRvdzsd
twDRwqHzrJ &D .d unDwRD xDu=Fd ’0J>’D;td.vXo0Dye>rHRvDRI zJM.t
cgM.o0Dye>rHRrh.tlt.D uJx.D yS>rk>ueXvHI ,zsDo;0HR,rHRyS>zkuDG
[h.ySRuqDc’H b k .q.< uG>uqDwoh< uG>uqDwcsK;’D;,rgqguGmH
cH’vk md vDRI p;xD.vX,M>,rg’DuwD>rRpXRtDRw>wM>eDwrHR< M>’.
eH.blblzdwulmvXok;cd.pDREl;[h.vDRySRM.vDRI zsDo;0HRoXoD’D;M>
b.vHmy&XvXok;cd.pDREl;vXb.uhRuhRqlyvD;rh>vXy,DRok;[JvRD
tgr;ewtd.wohtCduhRusJRw>0HRvDRu’D;qlwzd.x.’D;b.’k;
weDo&H.0h>M.vDRI ,zdtd.’D;tDRcH*RvDRI rh>vXyb.td.w*Rw
usdRtCdvXw>vk>tD.tzdt*D>b.vJRxD.uFdo&.rk.w>rRvdvX
rD.vrF.J cHe.H 0HRzsx
d .D ’D;[JuRh od.vduRh w>zJbs;H 0h>M.vDRI
wbsDyRS rRw>Clw>zd;’D;y’d.zJo;k cd.usX>M>0huu

J >D cd.usX>tpdR< rR
w>rkmw>ck.tw>uwdRoud;w> (peace talk) ‘D;ySRyX>qXw>zdvXuD>
y,DRtylRud;zk’;J ,HmvXteH.’D;ySRrRM>w>Clw>zd;xJ KNU wzkvRD I
‘D;yuhRvDRymCkm’D;pku0JRud;*R’J;cJvXmxJo;k utd. (3000) bsJ.
vXtusgy0Jbs;H §’0J>ymCkm (300) *RvDRI ytd.cHe.H ’D;w>uJx.D t
o;’fv.J ywoh.ngb.I y,DRok;zD.u’D;ySRt*R (60) zJoxl.0h>ym
Ckm’D;,Rok;t*Roh.wz.e>[lvXy,DRzD.ySRzJoxl.0h>tCd[;xD.
uhRu’D;qlw>yX>qXw>vD>ud;*R’J;cJvXmvDRI
71
yb.zD. (60) *Rtusgy0Jt*RwqHqXS ySRql0>h wul.< thp.h Cdm’D;vh.

rh.tlvRD qDymCkm’D;y,DRok;’hw’hvXucd;ySRt*D>vDRI vXvh.rh.tl
tylRpXCmypk’;D ympDRpkRySRxXEkmuscd syH 0Jw*RM.cd;ySRcH*RvDRI wkRywkR
0h>wul.vh.r.tloM’D;y,DRtok;cd.wul uniform b.[Jx.D cH*R
’D;rRbXyrJm’D;w>uH;nmvDRI 0HRrlRvDRySR< zXEkmySRql odv.h ylR’D;w
rXyuwdRw>b.’D;[;xD.vDRI vJRqlv.J woh.ngb.I u,HmvX
usw J e.&H.’D;odv.h ywkm’D;rlRvDRu’D;ySR’D;qSXvDRySRqlw>vD>wwDR
Ch.vDRypkok;vDRw>uH;nmvXyrJmo.’D;,wxH.,oud;eDw*R
vXRb.I td.xJ,Rw*RvDRI Cdmcd.td;xD.yvD>rHx’l ;D [h.vDRySRw>
ulw>uRvXuvHRuvJt*D>’D;t*Roh.wz.ymCm0JvDRI yoH;e.
&H.’D;phymCm0Jcv J XmvDRI b.q.uoH.o&.z;’d.[Jou H >G ySRyw>
td.ql.td.chst*h>’D;rReD.0JvRD I [Ju’D;w*RoHu>G ySRn.< *DRzH; n.<
rJmwJ;vJ;n.< xd;n.< xd.’h.’H.< etD.wtD.’D;yrh>wtD.[h.
w>’d;w>v.uolvXwy.’D;w>o;orlb.M.vDRI rdm (ukvm;aq;
vdy’f ;D aq;aygvh yd )f etDzJvJ.wcg< [h.eR,.vk;< cd.wcX.vD>zl<
vD>rH< xHvX*DR 7=[g 5 e.&H.etJ.’d;xHetd;xD.ohvRD I *DR 6 e.&H.
vmz;xH< 9 e.&H.rhR< 12 e.&H.vmz;xH< [g 4 e.&H.rhRvDRI wEGw H
bsDephrh>td.erRvdmw>zdw>vHR’D;yORM>eRvDRI ySRqSXphwvgvX[H.
oh’. 50 b;vDRI wHmcd.wEGcH b H seD rh>td.wql.eb.ud;yolyRS cd;w>
zd’;D wkRt0Jo.h [JwRk ’D;ouG>eR0HRuhRud;M>eRuoH.o&.vDRI vDr.h
tlr>h oHp>h uD;eb.ud;ySRcd;w>zd[rJ RuJRM>eRvDRI td.w*RoXvg0HR
ymCkmuhRySRoX*RvDRI td.oX*RwEG0H RH ymCkmu’D;ySRt*R 10 cJvXm
’D;qSXySRql (taqmif 3) ySR*D>rk>< ySRtuvkmuvkmtd.zJM.vDRI tqD.
72
pD R zJ , gzsŒ
wzsX.txDtd.tuJ; 150 ’D;cHu-xXvDRI ‘l.0J’X;zd’D;’X;z;’d.< y0J

t*RwqHytd.vX’X;z;xD’zD sX.ngtqD.td.Cd;zsX.w>’k;cHbsw D bsD
M.udRvR0gwh>vDR Bomb [;*DRuGmH wzsX.’D;’k;uJx.D 0J (rqv&yf
uGu)f zJytd.xDyRl M.[D.cd.[l;uJ’;D ySRc;wHm’D;eD.0HmcH[;xD.woh
vDRysRH uD;vDRI ‘D;rh>vXCdmtHRtd.teH.wu,Rbs.J ph>uD;vDRI p;xD.
(bl;0) yJ}wDtcD.xH;wkRvXytd.oD;td.EGHuxX’D;rk>eRcDM.xGH.z;
’d.cd;ySRvDRI vXu&X>0;w&H;M.ok;’D; warder cd;ySRvDRI ytd.t*Rw
qH< 6 vg’D;[h.z;ySRvHmw>upD.vXy,DRusmd vDRI vHmpDq’HS ;D vHmt*R
vXy,DRusmd < udRvR0gusmd ySRqSXvX[H.ohvRD I b.q.ytd.zJv.J
ySRwoh.ngb.I ytd.cHe.H ’D;[h.ySRtcG;J vXyuG;J vHmql[.H ohvRD I
yuG;J oh’.xJy,DRusdm’D;udRvR0gusdmvDRI tcD.xH;wbsD[.h 0Jc*H R
’D;rRu’D;wbsDtgxD.u’D; 4 *R< rRu’D;t*RwbsDyeD>t*R10 M.
M>b. 9 *Rrhr>h Major zd0.h w*RwkRvXySRys>ySRwpku;JG vHmql[.H w
M>b.I uG;J uD;vHmwbsw D vgr;wkRql[.H vDRI vX[H.wcDu;JG qXuhR
ySRwkRph>uD;’D;ytd;xD.z;ohph>uD;vDRI ,J,td;xD.uG>’D;wJ0JvXyg
{X’d;M>ew>uGJ;*hR*hRvDRI ‘D;uGJ;qXuhReRvDRI erh>z;b.,vHmtHRe
o;uck’;D eo;utk;vDRI zJevHmwkRtuwD>M.rdwtd.vXRb.I rdoH
vHtCd,qJ;z;wM>vXRb.I ‘D;,uwdRw>wxD.zsJ;vXRb.I ,
o;b.’dz;’d.vDRI rhr>h ,oud;oh.wz.z;vHmvXt[JvXt[H.’D;
td.’D;w>eHRw>thu;d *R’J;vDRI [Jou H >G ,Rb.C;,vHmy&Xt*h>’D;
rh>vX,uwdRw>wxD.zsJ;b.tCd,[h.vDRvHmy&Xqlt0Jo.h t
td.vDRI
73
vXcHyoud;t*RwqHM.xk;xD.0Jc*H RcH*R’D;qSX0Jq’l X;t’d.vXySRtd.

tgtusgvDRI vXcHymzS.d uhRyySR 4 *R’D;qSX0Jqw l >vD>toDwwDR0HR
utd.cHE’HG ;D ymzS.d u’D;y0J 6 *R’D;qSX0Jqw
l >vD>toDwwDRb.q.wkR
ywkRw>vD>M.rh>u&XwzsX.CD’;D yuG>pdCRD t0Jo.h [;0hR0DRvXt0J
oh.tu&X>ylRvDRI ytd.b. 8 eH.’D;yM>b.ySR[J[;td.oud;ySR’D;
,xH.b.,yk>’D;,zd’d.rk.qH;qH;zdw*R[J’D;yuwdRoud;w>t
cGJ;td.’. 15 rH;eH;vDRI zJySR[J[;td.oud;ySRteHR< ySRtgwkR[h.0J
tcG;J uwdRw>ohv’H ;D euwdR,uwdRwbDM.oD.uv.’H;evJRvX
zFgylRtod;M.vDRI wkRw>qXuwD>b.ySR[J[;td.oud;ySRb.[;
xD.qd0RH r;usX>bXeR’D;,.rHv;k ’D;[JuRh qSXuhReRqlew>vD>vDRI w>
tD.w>tDzv d XySR[JqXS zJyRS [J[;td.oud;tcgM.vXcHr;ySRcd;w>zd
warder [JqXS M>uhReRvDRI
vXwymol.ymo;tylRySRJ xD. 9 eH.’D;rXy[H;xD.uhRyw>zdw>vHRzJ

[g 4 e.&H.tqXuwD>’D;ym zS.d uhRy0Jt*RwqH’;D qSXySRqlw>td.o
ud;tvD>’D;ok;cd.z;’d. DIG uwdReHRuwdRthw>’D;ySR’D;oHu>G ,R<
?eJeuuhRqlv.J I/ ,wJuRh ql?’0J>/ wJ0<J ?euhRwohb.I erh>uhR’
0J>ySRvXcdwu&XM.u[Ju;d uhReR’D;uwD.xDx.D evD>evRerh>w
ydmt0Joh.tcHuc;oHeR/b.q.,wJqXtDR< ?,td.zJ0h>wul.
tHR,rRw>wohew D rHRb.I/ ‘D;t0Jys,J R’D;uwdRoud;w>u,Hmw
e.&H.’D;ys>uGmH ySRcJvXmqSXySR’D;rDx.d qlw>vD>vXytJ.’d;uhRtd.ym
zJ0>h wul.M.vDRI vX 9 eH.twD>ylRwrRtXrRoDyRS eDwrHRph>uD;b.I
74
pD R zJ , gzsŒ
zJy[JuRh wkRtcD.xH;vXymCm0JyvD>rHx<l yoH;< ph< e.&H.< [h.uhR

ySRcJvXmvDRI wkR0h>wul.yxH.vdmuhRyo;’D;rlqduD>up>[XxX.
o.rU’D;rXyChw>vXy’d.ttd.vDRI zJtcgM.ok;cd.usX>M>0hrh>ySR
t’d.uwX>vXuD>y,DRtylRvDRI ySRtd.vX0h>wul.wz.Ch[H.<
Chodvh.‘d;M>b.0JvDRI y0Jytd.vXoxl.< rD.vrFJ.’0J>oh.w
z.yb.ChrEkRywoh.ng’D;t0Jo.h [h.ul.Chp;J < pJ;0JM.eql;xHo<h
e,D>pHmohe’G.J rh.tlvX[H.ohe}uH;bkovh RD I rh>w>vD>,HR‘D;yvJRxD.
[H;M>wwkRtCdyrRwM>b.I ytd.0h>wul.weHR< cHeHR0HRy0JvX
oxl.< rD.v rF.J ’D;’0J>oh.wz.y[JuRh vDRqloxl.’D;vh.rh.tlvRD I
rh>vXyvJRcd;vh.rh.tlv;J r;,HmtCdM>b.vJ;r;vXvD>qh.eDRwtd.
b.’D;b.qXxX.vXvh.rh.tlyRl ’DeRH ngvDRI ytd.xJo;k cd.’D;ok;cd.
w*RwJxD.0Jy0JyuJxD.ySRcdcd.rh>vXb.qXxX.vXvh.rh.tlylR
tCdvRD I
ytd.zJoxl.weHRy,DRok;eD.*H>[Jut JG .D ySRw>tD.wbsyD uwdReHRu

wdRthytD.w>tD.0HR[J uhRqSXuhRySRvDRI vX*DRyok;cd. Col win rRM>
uhRySR registration card toDvXwe.&H.twD>ylR0HR Gen. Oh Pe
uGJbgM>ySRw>zJt[H.0HRrk>qh.xD.,R’D;ok;cd.zgcJ;y[JuhRvDRuhR
ql’0J>’D;ubD,lRvDRI wkR’0J>xH.b.uhR,zdcGgpDRph.uF0J.zdo.cGg
xD.’D;tuh>t*DRb.’D;xDM>,RvDRI xH.uhR,RtcgtrJmqS;’D;,R
wpJ;pJ;rh>vXtrd>wtd.vXR’D;b.[JrRvdw>zJ’0J>trk>*>< zgwH>uG>
xGJqSXtDRvXuFd’D;rRvdwkRCd;wDRvDRI yuhRvDRu’D;qlye>rHRo0DcD
zsdyD.vJ.’D;ywkmrHzJrvH;usd>’D;yuhRxD.uhRqlyvD>0h>’D;qlye>rHRo
0DvRD I
75
wkRye>rHR’D;xH.vdmuhRo;’D;,rg’Dy>k 0J>oh.wz.0HRyuhRvDRuhRqlbs;H
’D;,rgt0J>oh.wz.’D;csHvXyD.vJ.’D;wkRbsH;xH.vdmo;’D;,,D;z;
ok;cd.ohrD.’D;,zdrk.eD>tgpH.vDRI t0Jph>uD;rRvdCd;wDR’D;vJRuJ
uFdo&.rk.vX (‘Hk;yvJatmf) usd>vXuzsDo;t*D>vDRI ‘D;,csK;M>t
w>whw>zs*D Rh *hR< zso
D ;0HR,p;xD.rRw>ol.w>zs;zJus>d t0JM.vDRI ,
ol.CDR 1000 xl.< wuGH 1000 xl.< oJ; 10000xl.’D;wd>&h>wcD;
oh.wz.vDRI ,w’d;vJyRS b.I ,rRvX,*H>,bgvDRI ‘D;o.xD.*hR
*hRb.b.tgr;vDRI zJtqXuwD>0JM.,uhRxD.ql’0J>’D;,[JuhR
uhRwkRye>rHRvXw>wymol.ymo;eDwrHRtcgySR’Do0Dp;M>,R,rg
toDw*RyX>wkRvXo&.uG>w>b.q.,*h>vdmvX,wvd.b.’D;
,wxH.t0Jew D bspD >h uD;tCdv
d RD I
,rgcH*Rw*RtrHRrh>0JeD>rhe.< rRvdwkREGHwDRvXrD&d.ySRunDwDRxD
uF=d 0h>’0J> ph>uD;vDRI to;p>M>,RwqHCek .H ’D;,zdt.d ’D;tDRoX*R
vDRI xHu>D wrkmwck.uJx.D u’D;zJ 1988 ’D;rh>vXubDo;k ud;oHu>G
w>cJtRH cJtRH b.,d.vXw>uwdRuur.b.zk;vXw>yvD>o;t*D>
,R’D;,rg’D;zdvXtqH;w’l.y[JuhRxD.uhRqlye>rHRo0D0HRycDCDR
qlo;k uh (4) vDRI zJvgzhR-bLRtg&HR 26 oD< 1997 y,DRok;xD.’k;u
’D;zJ’0J>’D;bs;H tCdyb.cDu’D;ql,Rd uD>‘D;cJtRH ytd.zJo0DvXttd.
,dRuD>uD>y,DR uD>qXvDRI cJtHR,o;eH.td.vHvX (82) eH.tylR
22 oD< vgtD;uxd bX.M.rh>0J,eHRtd.zsJ.vDRI t0JtHRrh>,o;o
rlt*h>p;xD.vX,td.zsJ.’D;wkR,o;td.teH. (80) M.vDRI qlng
w>urRo;’fvJ.ywoh.ngb.q.cDzsd,GRtbsK;tCdytd.rltd.
*JRb.’H;0JvRD I
ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ
76
pD R xD o .[J
pDRxDo.[J (ud;ph>uD;vXpDRuG‹uGD)
,td.zs.J xD.zJ 1928 eH.zJcsX.vG>H xl.uD>&h.M.vDRI ,rRvdvmH zJt

rJ&uRbsXxHr;H ±SX.tuFzd cJ sX.vG>H xl.M.vDRI [D.cd.w>’k;cHbsw
D bsD
p;xD.vHM.ye>[lb.vX,y.tok;rk>[JEmk vDRuD>y,DRM.vDRI ,
oh.eD.wbsDzyJ rRvdvmH tcguFt d yJ}wDrmJ uvRqSw H z.w>us;pJb;l
tDR’D;p;cdvXu}wDr.h yd>tuhtcDwqH;wuh>t*D>vDRI
‘fzod .tod;w>wb.’dyo;< yw>qdurd.eDwrHRb.I w,Hmb.’D;y

ub.vDRz;’D;yr;r; (yud;ySRtrJ&uRuFo d &.rk.wz.vXr;r;) r;
r;zJoX. Feather ‘D;r;r;rh.wz.M.vDRI pSREG0H RH tvD>cHyoh.ngb.
[D.cd.[l;0;cJtRH cJtRH ’D;ySRo;yS>wJyRS vX,y.[Jw>h vDRrh.yd>oukR
0h>zd< 0h>‘d.ymCkm’.vJm0h>wul.M.vDRI pSRoDtvD>cH< tJuvH;tok;
vXtqDvRD to;zJyo0Do.h ugcFw D z.*kRuhRtcHqul RD vdmuX>cd.ql
uF;D wug’D;orh.thuo l 0Dwz.vDRI w,Hmb.’D;ye>[lus’d .d < uszd d
’D;ubD,lRc;vDRph>uD;w>vXvmoXeHRoXeRtvD>cH’D;tJuvH;ok;
td.vXuvHRpd;wz.*kRvDRtcHqw l t D w
l uyRM.vDRI w,HmwrD>b.
’D;,y.tok;[JEmk vDRql0yJ .F ul< ur.’H;uG‹< pHy.h ul< oh.ugcDt F o
0Dwz.0HRok;vDRto;qlwt D zl t
J u J vH;ok;tvD>cHM.vDRI
pSReH.tvD>cH,y.ok;p;xD.[JuRh *kRvDRtcHvXuD>y,DRx;cDM.vDRI
zJtqXuwD>tcgM.od.rSRH u±l>tubD,Rl [Jw>h vDRuscd s<H yS>o.< pk
u0JRyD;vD< ok;w>tD.yD;vDwz.zJvX>’d.tCXR’D;,h.wG‹uo l 0DvX
77
tusgymCkm’D;unDt Maj Torrie ‘D;tJuvH;ok;cd. Capt.Burrell ‘D;

trJ&uRok;puDR Sgt. Moore wz.vDRI wkRrh>ySRud;xD.rkmo;rRpXR
(Volunteer) ok;wbsC D u D nDzw
d z.EkmvDRtgr;M.vDRI ok;zdwu±l>
,J>*Rb.w>[h.vDRtDRvXw>pku0JRyD;vD’;D w>tD.wz.M.vDRI p;
xD.vXuDRvdmus’d w D RD wkRvDRqlz.yl.unDo0D’t f rh>xHwRd vdm< yD.
yHR’X’D;wkRqly;JF ,J< 0Ju<HF vl>t;< [D.cd.*DR< xG;eH.ul< tl±;›S ul< ,h.wG‹
ul< e;o.ul< ‘Drl;< wDuFD.yD;< oD.yD;o0Dwz.M.vDRI unDzdwz.
tHREkmvDR0Jqv l b J H (levy) tok;’fo;d u’k;,y.t*D>M.vDRI vXy0J
ok;zdt.d vXyD;yh.ulo0DtuydmuyRt*D>ubD,Rl [Jw>h vDRM>ySRpku
0JR’D;w>tD.’Do0DngM.vDRI vXy0Jo;p>wz.t*D>pJ;uszd d (Sten Gun)
rh>w>qH;qH;zdM.vDRI ySRrRuG>rh>yohq;H tg’D;y’k;eJ.cd.e>wz.to;
J rd;vDRI yb.w>wl>vdmySR’f (Levy Fighter) wz.tod;M.vDRI
rH0o
zJ,y.tok;u*kRvDRtcHtust J usRd wz.tvD>zJuRD vdmusu d X>cd.

M.yb.w>qDvRD CmCH;CH;,y.wz.tHRtgwuh>< Ch>xD.0JxrJ >k
eRtuwD>M.vDRI rRM>0JcsH< xd< csHutdz;’d. (orŠef) wz.’D;cD*m
0JuRD vdmusMd .vDRI rk>qgtuwD>M.w>*h>uDwtd.b.I rhr>h vXrk>eR
tcgM.w>*h>uDt.d xD.0JvRD I vXw>M.tCdyb.pXvDRclo.l ySR› o.
zdvXysRH z;’d.tvdR‘D;pX>vDR*mwJmxHuszd x J u H s’d ph Rh tvD>wz.tCd
zJ,y.ok;zdwz.xd.xGv H RD to;’D;yc;zJyR›S o.oD.tvD>’D;yemvXy
c;,y.tok;zdow H bsK;*Ro;’h’tD vD>wtd.b.I vXM.trJmngu
bD,Rl vXw>z;zDc;vDRu’D;t0Jo.h b.qXb.uwD>M.vDRI vXw>
M.tCd,y.ok;*kRuhRtcHtusgxl.zs;J uGmH b.xJpRS *RM.vDRI wbsD
M.y0Jc*H Rw>[h.ySRrl’gvXyub.qSXw>upD.vXvHmy&XM.vDRI y
78
pD R xD o .[J
0Jw*Rb.w*RySRrXyuwDRyusdcsHyS>o.vXyub.uG>c;tDRt*D>
M.vDRI zJ,.h ’G‹u’l ;D zJo.d o0DczH sX.tbX.pXRyxH.,y.tok;zdw
z.[JvDRvXxdwbh.M.vDRI y[H;M>yvD>vXyuc;w>t*D>tcgy
xH.vXt0Jo.h tpk[;l xD.yqdurd.uuGmH b.zk;ySRvXrh.yd>vDRI wkR
tbl;xD.wcDyuG>xH’;D ywxH.w>td.vXtpkyRl eDwrHRb.I ‘ftrh>
w>’k;tqXuwD>tod;,y.wz.tHRrh>y’k.y’g< y0JwcDyuqdurd.
t*Rt*D>wtd.eDwrHR< td.’.yb.c;w>’D;rRoHw>tCdyys>vDRy
udstrJ;upHwz.vXmys’D ;D ,y.wz.oHcv J XmM.vDRI ySR,y.zdwz.
rh>r;ySRt’lvDRI vXt[XzXylRyxH.td.xJeD.tCdyoh.ngb.vX
t0Joh.tD.eD.’D;’k;w>M.yym’d.t0Joh.upD’DvDRI zJM.tcg’fy
rh>ySRo;p>wz.tod;uoh.ng’.yuJySRok;zdM.td.’.c;w>’D;rR
oHw>M.vDRI
wkRrh>y’k;w>zJM.0HR’D;[D.cd.w>’k;cHbsDwbsDtRH 0HR0Jp>h uD;vHM.vDRI

w>uvk>vDRvXyub.qSX[h.xD.uhRyusw d z.< yvDR_yv H RD _yg’D;rR
w>vDRz;trl;vX Maj. Torrie, Capt. Burrell ‘D; Sgt. Moore wz.t
*D>M.vDRIw>vX,oh.eD.tDRxHq;wrHRrh>0JzJyvDRz;vdmyo;M.y
o;0H.xD.M>0Jt0Jo.h vXtJuvH;tusmd =
Goodbye, Good Bye, Dear Major, We aren’t saying goodbye.
Good Bye, Good Bye Dear Captain, We aren’t saying goodbye.
Goodbye Goodbye, Dear Sergant, We aren’t saying goodbye!
tcgzJM.’f,rh>ySR(19) eH.zdw*Rtod;,w>vJRcDzsw
d z.tHR,wo;
yhReD.eDwbsb
D .I
ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ
79
pDRuqD
,td.vXo0DzrD ’l .d < z.yl.uD>q.< Cd.vdmuD>&h. (cJtRH rk>}uDRuD>

&h.) M.vDRI zJ1941eH.,vJRxD.qlu>D y,DRx;cD< rly>S usgvXtrh>uD>
q.zd (cJtRH rlu>D q.) ’D;rRw>vX Timber Union vX Messrs tpkzD
vm’ftrh>0Jb.d bh.bgrgx&h;’hcyD &h±XS .vH;rH;wJ; (Bombay Burma
Trading CorporationLtd) M.vDRI zJe.H uwX>’D; 1942 eH.xD.oDM.
,y.[JEmk vDRqlu>D y,DRvmcDM.vDRI tcgzJM.oh.yS>trJMuFX.cH*R
w*R N.R Johnson rRvdm,RvX,ub.vJRxD.ql (B.B.T.C.L)
zJ±.›ì bd.’D;rJMuFX>cH*Rw*RtHRrX,vJRydmtcHqcl ‹F’‹G’o
f ;d uusRJ w>rR
ysx
D .D uGmH ok;tvD>tusJ (ok;[;xD.) t*D>M.vDRI zJvXr;&S;< thjz.h
tylR&J.usJRw>[;xD.uGmH vXw>vD>’ftrh>uvh0;’D;rD>vJ;wz.M.
vDRI
zJ 1942 vgrhRrXMuFX>cH*Rw*RtHR[;xD.vXrD>vJ;’D;uhRqluD>th
’,.M.vDRI ,td.wh>zJr>D vJ;M.wkR,y.tok;yXuD>y,DR’Db.h w
pkM.vDRI 1942 eH.vgtDuml ,uhRu’gql,o0D’;D o0Dzw d z.wJ,R
vXtJuvH;ok;zdw*Rtd.wql.tCdt.d ’.zJy>S usgM.vDRI ,vJRw
bsC D qD yl >S usg’D;xH.vdmok;zdw*RtHRqge;r;vDRI ,cd.,e>vXtrh>
pDRp.ph (Pre-war-SIP) wJ,R,ub.uhRpdmtDRqlo0DyRl vDRI yp;xD.
[;’D;t0JcgtcD.qHqJ.cg’D;w>bSH;to;[;wM>vXRb.I vXtd.
bS;H M>,R’ftRH tCdyb.ykx.D tDRvXupX>usgwkRvX,[H.z;e;ng
vDRI ,tH;tDRuG>tDR’f,rRohtod;vDRI ,’k;tD.tDRrhRcsD’;D t0JwJ
80
pD R uqD
,R ?,tD.’.xJrRh cst D RH ,uoHr; vDR/ ’D;wtD.0Jb.I ,uG>b.

tDRwEG’H ;D oHo’.,RM.vDRI yvJRcl.vDRtDRzJzrD ’l .d o0DuyRvDRI ‘f
ok;zdw*Rtod;y[h.xD.w>,l;,D.vXw>c;xD.usdoXxH.M.vDRI
zJtrl’;H tcgt0Jw, J RvXogrh>tJuvH;ok;zd0pH md wDqXS 0JRusRd ylRzJ’0J>
M.vDRI wkRrh>,y.tok;[JEkmvDR’D;ogb.[;xD.vX’0J>’D;[JuhR
qlr.D vrF.J M.vDRI zJr.D vrF.J M.oge>[lb.vX0h>wul.’D;rgwvhod
vh.usJr>k b.w>’D.wJmtDRt*h>vDRI ogok;xD.ogo;qluvHRpd;w
uyR’D;[JEmk zJz.yl.tHRvDRI zJz.yl.tHRoge>[lb.vXok;cd. Seagrim
(zkxcD .D ) td.vXz.yl.uvHRpd;tCdogus;J pX;vlRydmtcHvRD I zJogwkR
CDRzDr>k ’d.o0D’;D og*H>bgvDRp>og[;wuJvXR’D;ogvDRCHRM.vDRI
t0Jt.d zJzrD >k ’d.tHRwkRto;orl[;xD.wpkM.vDRI
ok;zdw*RtHRrh>ySR Irish zdt.d vXuD> Ireland tylRtrHRvX Faxly Cryer

vDRI zJt0JwJw>uJ’H;wpJ;wpJ;tcgt0JrRuwHm,o;vXtuwdR
w>’D;rJmxHrmJ edvRD I toDcgM.,us;J pX;ymCmtw>yeD. (Batch) u
pD’b
D .q.yb.Ch>0hRCh>0DRtgylRtgqD’;D vDRr>uGmH vDRI
1942=45 twD>ylR,td.zJx, H md bDx.o0DvXvX>’d.uD>q.wDtl

uD>&h.M.vDRI zJ1945 eH.z;zDM.,e>[lvX Col. Howell [JwRk zJbcDF H
o0DvXtbl;’D;xH,dmbDx.to0DM.vDRI ,vJRclol.qlttd.’D;
zJ,xH.vdmo;’D;tDRM.t0JwJ,RvX,urRpXRtySR Sgt. Rowe
(Wireless Operator) vX,uzD.pXRtDR’D;qSXpXRtDRw>upD.t*D>
M.vDRI p;xD.zJM.,p;xD.rRw>vXok;&h. 136= Spider Force zJ
Hgena u0DR’fo;k puDRw*Rtod;M.vDRI
81
zJvged.0hbX. 1945 eH.e‹. Col. Howell rX,[Jql Lipyechee vX

,ub.qSXxD.qSXvDRok;*h>0Dw>upD.t*D>M.vDRI vg’H.phbX.,
vJR’d;ubD,Rl ’D; Col. Howell ql0>h wul.’fo;d urR0HRw>upD.vX
,ymzsgwz.t*D>vDRI zJ,rRw>qSXxD.qSXvDRw>upD.tw>rRzJ
Lipyechee tcg,wJb.,o&.pDRp.phvX,u’k;o‹.ng Col.
Howell b.C;ySR Irish zd Faxly Cryer t*h>b.q.pDRp.phw, J RvX
?td.CJ;/tCdywrRzsgySRw*RM.t*h>wkRrk>rqgtHRM.vDRI zJ,rR
ok;tcg,’d;M>rl’gw>yeD. (Batch) upD’b D .q.yCh>0hR0DRok;vD>ok;
usJtgeH.tgvg’D;vDRr>uGmH M>,RvDRI
ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ
82
pD R ch & h .
pDRch&h.
,td.zs.J xD.zJ1916eH.’D;rRvdzs(d 8)wDRM.vDRI ,td.zs.J rk>eHRrh>0J

1916 ‘H.phbX. 16 oD vDRI ,EkmvDRtJuvH;ok;zJ 1937 eH.< vg,lR
(11) oDzJ Burma Military Police (B.M.P) td. ‘D;eD>*H> 2797/W-640
‘D;,vD>vRwkR’.ok;puDRzdM.vDRI ,ok;uhc.d e>wz.rh>0J Col.Ford
‘D; Maj.Chapel wz.vDRI zJ,EkmvDR (BMP) tcg,o;td.’H;’.
(20) eH.M.vDRI ,rRw>weH.CkvgC.C.’D;,b.w>qSX,Rql
w>rJmng’k;,RysDzyJ .FD bG.J M.vDRI ,rl,’grh>0Je.D eJ.zsg (signal) qX
uwD>zJwcsK;,y.ok;rk>’k;M>ph.uyd.tcgM.vDRI vXcH,b.w>
qSXu’D;,RqlbsH;< weDo&H.uD>cDuvHRxH;’D;,rReD.eJ.zsg (5) vg
C.C.’D;ok; cd.ud;u’guhR,Rqly.FD bG.J M.vDRI
yw>[JuhRu’grh>yb.ydmtJuvH;ok;tcH’ftw>&J.w>usJRvXu
*kRtcHp;xD.vXuvHRxH;qluvHRpd;’D;qluD>th’,.wz.t*D>M.
vDRI w>*kRcHtusdRtHR[JuRh wqDwqDvRJ cD*mrd.,G>< uvh0;< wrl
0HREkmvDRuD>th’,.uD>qX< t.o.uD>pJ.0h>(Lanpropi)M.vDRI ,
td.zJM.pSREG’H ;D yb.w>qSXySR’D;odv.h ql (Dinapur) cDzsd Impal M.vDRI
yok;u’D;yo;ql Ranchi ytd.wEG0H RH yb. w>qSXu’D;ySRvXvh.rh.
tlql Hoshiaspur vXyutd.bS;H ’D;xD.u’guhRok;w>rRvdo*h Rh xD.
(Refresher Course) t*D>M.vDRI tcgzJM.,rh>’. N.C.O (ok;puDR
zdcyH s›) M.vDRI y0Ju;d *Rytd.vXtJuvH;ok;rk>w>yXtzDvmM.vDRI
83
ytd.zJ Hoshiaspur cHe.H bs.J ’D;y0Je.D eJ.zsgtySRvG>H u±l>b.w>qSXtDR

qluvHRpd;ucF‹.vJbH (Northern Kachin Levy) tok;vX’k;,Ru±l>
t*D>M.vDRI vXeD.eJ.zsgvG>H u±l>tzDc.d ,rh>rl’gcd.w*RM.vDRI yok;
usRd cd.rh>0J Lt.Col.Ford M.vDRI yrRw>zJM. 4=5 vg’D;rh>vXw>rRw
td.tgvXRtCdyb.w>ud;u’guhRySRql Hoshiaspur cDzsd,y.t
ok;’k;qXuhRyod.rSRH u±l>wM>vXRb.tCdM.vDRI tcgzJM.,b.
w>ok;xD.,vD>qlo;k puDRw*RM.vDRI
wkRrh>’k.’gwtd.vXRvXtJuvH;od.rSRH u±l>t*D>’D;,y.tok;’k;w>
wM>vXRb.’D;w>uvk>vXx;[JvRD vXyub.[;xD.vXuD>th’
,.< u;v;u;wgvXubD’;D uhRql0>h wul.t*D>M.vDRI zJywkRvX
uD>y,DRM.yeD.eJ.zsgtok;b.w>u&Xu&du’guhRtDR’D;,k>M>t
rHRvX (Burma Signals)t0JRvD>cd.oh.ol.vDRto;zJr.h rd;F (cJtRH yF‹.
tlv‹G.) M.vDRI zJM.w>uvk>vDR0JvX,ub.td.bS;H uGmH vXeD.eJ.
zsgok;’fok;puDRw*RzJ,rRw>ySJRxD. (10) eH.zJ 1947 eH.vg,lR
(16) oDteHRM.vDRI tqduwX>zJ,EkmvDR Burma Military Police
(BMP) tcg,eD.*H>rh>0J 2797 vXok;&h.cd. Maj.Chapel M.vDRI
,td.vX Burma Frontier Force (BFF) tcg,eD.eJ.zsgok;cd.rh>
Maj.Benetta M.vDRI wkR,uJxD.ok;puDRvX Burma Signals
tcg,eD.*H>rh>0J WA 640 ’D;,ok;cd.rh>0J Lt.Col Webb M.vDRI
,td.zJuD>th’,.tcgyb.w>yXqSXySRvX Capt. P.O.J Nicolson
vDRI ,[;xD.ok;zJ 1947 eH.< vg,lR (11) oD0RH vXcH,uJuRh uFo d
&.M.vDRI
84
pD R bXM.
pD R bXM.
,rh>o&.’d.vd±‹.ì tzdcgG < ,td.zs.J xD.vXvgrm±S; 4 oD< ‘D;rRvdzsd

xD.EGw H RD zJunDr;H ±SX.wDRcX.o;uFv d Xz.yl.0HR,EkmvDRtJuvH;ok;
zJrRh uFX.pH-u› (zkxcD .D ) tok;’hvXrhRuFX.pH-uhtzDvmvXtrh>rkmo;
rRpXR Volunteer ok;tod;M.vDRI ,[;xD.uGmH ok;zJ 1949 eH.vgpJ;y
xhbX.bl;uvXmvXtJuvH;ok;tylR,rh> Radio Operator ‘D;yHuRJG
o&.w*RvDRI ,td.’D;zdcgG w*R’D;zdr.k oX*RvXtuJuo dF &.o&.
rk.0JR’X;ySRuG;J vHm’D;td.vX[H.uG>zdwz.vDRI ,[;xD.ok;0HRtvD>
cH,rRuhRw>vXvHmpDqu HS ’dF o
f &.od.vdw>’D;yHuRJG o&.vDRI
,w>vJRcDzsv d XtJuvH;ok;rh>’ftRH vDRI 1942 eH.vg,ElRtg&H.Rbl;

uvXm,vJREkmvDRrhRuFX.pH-uhtok;’h‘yf RS Ch>pdmqSXw>upD.vXvX>
’d.’D;z.yl.tbX.pXRM.vDRI 1943 eH.vgtD;uxdbX.tylRrhRuFX.
eHr.d ‘D;tok;zd 5 *R[Jp.H vDRvXo’Xrk>zJrol ;J ylRtw>yXRcd.M.vDRI
rRu’D;zJ 1943 eH.vg’H.phbX. 9 oDeHR Maj. MaC Crindle Ckm’D;
unDo;k zd 4 *R[Jp.H vDRu’D;vXo’Xrk>zJz.S *DRylRM.vDRI
1944 eH.vgzhRºblRtg&HR 15 oDrRh uFX.eHr.d oH0v

J Xw>e;zJu>D rkmyS>’d.
0HRtvD>cHub.zJvgzhR-bLRtg&HRvXmM. Maj. MaC Crindle oHp>h
uD;zJr>D cF;H pX>x;ylRtw>’k;ylRweH.CDM.vDRI rhRuFX.pH-uh (zkxcD .D )
tup>’.0JuRh [h.vDRto;vX,y.tpkyRl zJr0J g’d.o0DCXRupX>
cD.xH;z.yl.uvHRpd;pSRrH;vmM.vDRI zJM.tcgt0Jo;d qh0gtzDc.d u
85
nDqyh s>d < ul0,

J Rd zs.D cHv;k ’D;0HCmk 0JunDtxX.xgzg*DRwzsX.vDRI ,
e>[lvXt0Jb.w>ymtDRzJuGD>bsD.’d.oDzJ0h>wul.p}xJ(ef)usJrk>zJ
1944 eH.vgthjzh. 29 oDM.vDRI zJvgpJ;yxhbX. 1 oD 1944 eH.<
M.b.w>rRoHtRD Ckm’D;unDzd (5) *RzJbg*,>w>oG.cd.M.vDRI
rhRuFX.pH-uhuRh [h.vDRto;0HRtvD>cHy0JunDo;p>zdwz.yuhREkm
vDRql,y.yXRuD>z 1J 944 vgthjz.h M.zJz.yl.M.vDRI zJvg’H.phbX.
1944 eH.ye>[lb.vXtJuvH;[Jp.H vDR0JzzJ .S *DRylRtysDyRl t*h>M.
vDRI
1945 vg,ElRtg&HRz;zDyCh>clol.xD.uGHmvX,y.ttd.< yuhR

Ch>qlz.S *DRylR’D;EkmvDRu’guhRqltu J vH;ok;= volunteer 136 M.vDRI
,oud;weDRydm0J Col. Peacok tcH’D;,J,ydm Maj.Tourrel tcHM.
vDRI ,vJRvDRydmtcHqv l X>’d.u0DRzJvgthjz.h tcD.xH;wEG0H RH zJvgth
jz.h 12 oD 1945 eH.< ‘f Maj.Tourrel tw>ul.w&H;tod;yvJRxD.’k;
,y.ok;td.zJvX>’d.unDu0DRylR’f*RD xX.oXw>’k; (Dawn Attack)
M.vDRI t0JM.rh>,y.tok;0JRvD>cd.oh.vXy’k;eXRuGmH tDRM.vDRI
w>M.tvD>cH,ok;uGmH ,rl’gql Maj. Wilson tok;usRd ’D;yok;yo;
qlqrh ’l .d u0DR0HRwkRrh>w>’k;w>,R0HR’D;ok;xH; 136 tHRb.w>rRy
wkmuGmH tDRM.vDRI vXcHuRh ’D;,[JuRh EkmvDRu’gql Burma Army
Signal zJr. h rF;d ’D;,’d;M>u’D;up>eD.*H>= W/ 1118 ‘D;vD>vRwcDr>h 0J
ok;puDRzdM.vDRI ,ok;&h.cd.rh>0J Maj. Cerlyn M.vDRI wkRrh>uD>y
,DR’d;M>w>obVwpkyEkmvDRu’D;qlu>D y,DRok;rk>’d.tylRM.vDRI ,
[;xD.uGHmvXok;zJ 1953 eH.vgthjzh. 12 oDM.vDRI
ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ
86
pD R p.th
pDRp.th
,RpDRp.th< cJtHR< 76 eH.< ,rh>ySRo.,.0’H>zdM.vDRI ,EkmvDR

tJuvH;ok;zJ 1938 eH.zJ First Burma Rifles, Training Company ‘D;,
eD>up>eD.*H>rh>0J 7279 M.vDRI ,ok;&h.cd.rh>0J Lt. Col. J.C Marlin
M.C. , ok;&h.cd.cH Maj. Rosely, 0JR’X;cd.rh>0J Capt. Stringer‘D;ok;
&h.0JRvD>cd.rh>0J Maj. Blaver 0HR’D;,ok;’hcd.rh>’. Capt. Moore
M.vDRI w>[h.vDR,Rrl’gzJrh.uv.’l.weH.0HRzJ 1939eH. ,vJR
b.qlr.h rF;d vX Subedar – Maj. Kan Choke (unD) Subedar xUu.DF
(unD) wz.tpkzv D mM.vDRI
1941 eH.vg,ElRtg&HRwkRvgr>±S;,xD.w>rRvdz[ J .d yd ([dyk ek ;f )<

,dRuD>pJ.0HRzJvg,lRvHM.,b.w>qSX,Rqlw.D uF<H 0HR’D;qluw JF .d
’D;qlv>JG rG‹ (vGKid af rG;) yS>usgok;’Ju0DRM.vDRI t0JM.rh>yvJRtd.cd;vDR
w>zJu>D y,DR=uF.D wJ.uD>qXw>bH.w>bXt*D>wkRvDRvX 1942 eH.
M.vDRI rh>vX,y.tok;w[JEmk vDRust J 0JM.b.tCdw>qSXu’D;
ySRqlr.D vrF.J ’fo;d yu’k;pXRw>zJ¬uRwk< uD;u&h;wz.t*D>rh>vX,
y.ok;td.ympXRzJM.vHtCdM.vDRI vXcHy*kRuhRcHqyl ud’;D qlcsX.
vGH>xl.w>’k;uJxD. (2) oDtwD>ylRy’k;}wDqXuGHm,y.tok;M>0Ju
pD’v
D RD I vXrlz;zD,y.tubD,Rl [Jc;ySRud;qXuwD>b.q.b.w>
c;vDRwJmuGmH tDRph>uD;M.vDRI
87
zJyok;qS.› wqS.› [;qS.uG>w>tcg,y.’D; Burma Independance

Army (BIA) tok;usRd ’k;o*X>ySRtCdunDo;k zd (5) *RCkm’D;ySReD.od
vh.w*R< ok;qS.› cd.w*R< cDoF ;k zdoX*RvDRuGmH vXw>’k;t0JM.tylR
vDRI zJM.y*kRuhRycHqligx;uFH (ig;xyf}uD;) 0HRtvD>cHok;’hcH’hvX
tb.w>wDc.d &d.rJtRD vX Brig.Major (ok;uh0RJ ’X;cd.) [JvRl xD.
rRpXRySRM.vDRI yqDvRD w>cD.qXw>’k;tusRd zJu;DF wug (ausmufwH
cg; ) vDRI w>’k;,Hm0JoXeHRoXeRql.r;vDRI vXw>’k;wbsDtRH ymCkm
’D;w%l;tok;usRd Rajput tok;usRd vX (¹yeG w
f efqm) wuyR’k;pXRySR
M.vDRI w>’k;ql.tCd Rajput tok;usdRtylRtok;qS.› td.’D;tok;
zdoXqH*RoHp>h uD;0JvRD I
zJu;DF wug,y.vJRxD.’k; 5th Burma Rifles tok;&h.0JRvDRcd.oh.tcg

Subedar rD.qh;‘D;ok;zd 17 *RoHvXw>’k;M.vDRI w>uvk>vDR0JvX
yub.*kRuhRycHqlwDtlvDRI zJubD,lRysD< cHeRtwD>ylRyok;usdR
’D;w±l;tok;usRd < w>uvk>vDRvXyb.[h.w>bH.w>bXvXrD.cFo H d
vh.usJrd>yS>’D;ySRvXtwDcd.&d.rJySRrh>0J’. Capt.Thompson vX
Bangali tok;rk>M.vDRI zJy’k;vdmyo;’D;,y.zJy;J vJ;0;tcg Jemadar
Pan Mya ‘D;tok;zd 16 *R,y.zD.M>tDRM.vDRI y*kRuhRycHvXrk>eR
tcgymCkm’D;ok;’ht*Rw’hM.vDRI y*kRuhRycHqrl .D cF, H mH 0JceH RH ’D;cHeR
0HRy*kRvDRu’D;uhRwkRvXu&h.eH.uD>< vG.J uD.M.vDRI ytd.bS;H 0HR’D;
y*kRxD.ycHql,dRuD>pJ. Mong Paun ,Hm 3=4 oD’D;yok;xD.yo;
ql,dRuD>pJ.vGJ>vh.’D;*kRxD.u’D;ycHql Naung Peng (pcgo.) ‘D;
xD.qlrrd ;h (rd;k rdw)f ,dRuD>pJ.uvHRpd;M.vDRI zJrrd ;h M.rdr;h 0h>cd.pD.bGg
88
pD R p.th
vXtrh>ph>uD;,dRok;&h. (15) tcd. Captain w*Rrh>ySRvXtoh.ng

vdmto;’D; Capt. Thompson M.vDRI pD.bGgtHRusRJ qSXySRvXodv.h
’D;weDR’k;vJR0JvXxdqn l .D tlM.vDRI zJM. Capt. Thompson wJb.
t0Jo.h vXt0Jub.ymwh>t0Jo.h ’D;rRvdmwh>t0Jo.h ‘fo;d uqSXM>
tDRw>upD.zJtu J vH;tok;[JuRh u’g0JtcgM.vDRI y0J (8) *RyuhR
u’gqlrrd ;h ’D;[h.vDRuGmH us’d ;D ok;uluRqlrrd ;h tpD.bGgvXuymCmM>
ySRvDRI vXyusgyoud;vG>H *REkmvDRuGmH ql,Rd yXRuD>ylRtCdy0JvXt
td.wh>vG>H *RyuhRu’gqlr.h rF;d yvlRxD.usv J XtvJRcDzsd (armif;i,f/
ausmufr/J pcef;om) oh.wz.M.vDRI rdr;h pD.bGg[h.xGyJ RS w*R< %l;yH.
(20) ‘D;wkRyuhRwkRrh>rF’d ;D yvJRtd.vX0h>uyR (qifavmif;) o0DvRD I
1945 trJ&uRok;[JuRh EkmvDRrh.rF;d tCdyEkmvDRuhRqltok;&h.ylR

’D;vlR’k;xG, J y.ok;wkRvX,dRuD>pJ.uvHRxH; (&yfapmuf) M.vDRI y
’k;b.,y.tbsu D td. (20) M.vDRI rh>vXy’k; zs;d ‘k;ysD uGmH ,y.vX
(&yfapmuf) tCdw>[h.ySRw*R< ±l;yH; (300) ‘D;yb.w>qSXu’guhR
ySRqlr.h rd;F M.vDRI
zJr>h rF;d M.w>ud;xD.ySRok;zdv>D vHRwz.vXuymzsgxD.to;’D;yuhR

ymzsgyo;zJe.D *H> (3) w>Cko.h ngtoM’D; Lt.Col. Tucker [h.vDR
,eD>up>eD.*H>toD 75,780 M.vDRI 0HR’D;qSX,Rqlrgwvh 5 vgt
vD>cHw>qSX,Rql First Karen Rifles zJwDtlM.vDRI zJM.yb.
’k;u’D;cD.rFLe;Hzwd z.M.vDRI zJ,uhREkmvDR First Karen Rifles tHR=
ok;&h.cd. = Lt. Col. Starmon
ok;&h.cd.cH = Maj. Steach
89
ok;&h.0JR ’X;cd. = Capt. Donny (unD)

ok;&h.0JRvD>cd. = Capt. Min Maung (unD)
ok;’hc.d = Capt. Telmadge
‘D;zJM.tcg,rh>ok;puDRw*RM.vDRI zJ1949 eH.yok;&h.’D&.h [;xD.

uGHmvXok;rk>’d.tylR (uD>y,DRw>obV0HRM.’D;ok;&h.td.vXuD>y
,DRok;rk>’d.tzDvm) ‘fod;u’k;w>vXunDt*h>0D (w>obs›) t*D><
H cgok;&h.cd.rh>0J Lt. Col. Min Maung (vXcH
qDvRD uhRto;zJr.D cFt
uJxD. KNLA tok;cd.usX>) M.vDRI
ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ
90
zH x X.tJ . j’L
rh;pxX.zHxX.tJ.j’L
,EkmvDRtJuvH;ok;zJ 1940 eH.vg,lR (14) oDvXrh.rdF; Burma
Army Signals ‘d;M>eD>up>eD.*H> w/759 ‘D;,[;xD.vXok;zJ 1946
eH.vgpJ;ywhbX.22 oDM.vDRI zJ,uJok;tcg,rh>’.ok;puDRzdw
*RM.vDRI ok;xH;vX,rRw>’D;eH.vgqXuwD>[J0’J v f mtod;M.vDRI
1941=42 eH.M.,y.[JEmk vDRqlu>D y,DRylRtCd,ydmxD. 2nd Burma

Rifles ok;&h.td.vXbs;H wzktcH’;D y*kRuhRcHwqDb.wqDwRk vDRql
uD>th’,.M.vDRI
1943 eH.tylR<‘fo;d ,uxD.b.eD.eJ.zsgywD>xDw>rRvdt*DRM.,

qJ;usX’D; Royal Corps of Signals zJ Eastern Command vXt0JRvD>cd.
oh.td.ol.vDRto;zJu>D th’,.0h> Barrackpore tylRM.vDRI
1944 eH.M.< ,EkmvDRrkmo;rRpXRok;vX t0JRvD>cd.oh.td.zJu>D th’

,.uD>qX ImphalvXok; &h.(33) tzDvm0HR‘k;oud;w>zJ Imphal
vD>u0DRtw>’k;M.vDRI tcgzJM. Volunteer tok;&h.cd.rh>0J Col.
Murray M.vDRI
1944=45 tylR< ,[JuRh zJ Shillong , Assam tcgM.td.bS;H ’D;rR*hR

xD.uhRw>td.ql.td.cs›b.q.tvD>cH,xD.w>pH.vDRo’Xrk>t
w>rRvdzJ Jessore uvHRok;rk>t0JRvD>cd.oh.M.vDRI w>rRvd0RH ,
91
b.uhRpH.vDRvXo’Xrk>zJunDu>D pJ.< rD.cFt

H 0h>CXRo0DwzsX.‘fo;d
,uuhRrRoud;w>’D; Volunteer tok;zJu>D y,DRt*D>M.vDRI 0HRt
vD>cH,EkmvDRuhRql Z Force vXtb.w>yXqSXtDRvX Col. Peacock
M.vDRI Volunteer tok;trlt’grh>0JuvlRrRwHmwm’k.’gvXw>rJm
ngwz.‘D;’D.wJmw>qJ;us;d qJ;usXtustJ usRd cJvXmzJuvHRok;rk>’d.
ubD,lRb.C;od.rSHRu±l>to;EkmvX’k;’D;rRM>uhR0h>wDtlvXt
,HR’D;0h>wul. 175 rH;vmt*D>M.vDRI
1945=46
w>oh.wz.0HRtvD>cH< ‘D;zJ,y.ok;rk>ymvDRuGmH pku0JRtvD>cHM.,
[JuRh u’gqle>D up>tok;xH;M.vDRI
w>vRuyDRyeD. Medal vX,’d;M>wz.

1I 1939 Star
2I Burma Star
3I Overseas Badge
4I Burma Defence Medal ‘D; 5I War Madel oh.wz.M.vDRI
vXok;w>rRtylR,rl,’grh>0Jw>qJ;us;d ‘D;yh>qSgtw>[l;w>*JRwz.
M.vDRI
ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ
92
pD R rD v X>
pDRrDvX>
,R< pDRrDvXmtd.zsJ.xD.vX 1921 eH.vge0hbX.(11) oDM.vDRI

,y>pDR’hb;h ’D;rd>rh>eD>phr.JF M.vDRI ,EkmvDRtJuvH;ok;zJ 1941 eH.I
vXok;tylRtHR,rl’gb.C; Wirless Operator 1st Grade M.vDRI
,ok;’hc.d rh>0J Major .O.W Bowing vXcHux J .D Eastem, Brigade t
(CEO) w*RM.vDRI wcsK;w>’k;0HRuwD>,ok;&h.rh>0J W/ 176 ‘D; w>
’k;0HR0JtuwD>,ok;&h.rh>0J W/799 M.vDRI
zJ 1943 eH.,EkmvDRrRok;zJbsH; 2nd Burma Rifle vXok;uhcd.rh>0J

Col. Calogan. wkRrh>,y.tok;rk>’k;M>0h>’0J>’D;yb.’d;xD.ubD SS
Anderson ‘D;*kRuhRyvD>cHq0
l >h wul.M.vDRI wkRywkRvDR0h>wul.0HR
tvD>cHyb.ok;vDRyvD>cHqu l vHRpd;wqDb.wqDp;xD.’.vXyF‹.<
,h.e.cFD< rH;xH.v.< rgwvh< ±ì‹.bd.< uvh0;< wrl’D;yok;yo;
qlt’h ,.uD>qX Imphal, Kohima ‘D;EkmvDRzJt’h ,.t0h> Ranchi
w>yXM.vDRI ytd.u’kzJ Bishop West High School M.vDRI
vXrl’gvDRqDtzDc.d ,[JuRh u’guhRqlu>D y,DRzJ (1941) bl;uu

wX>M.vDRI ,vJRxD.qlucFŒ.uD>pJ.uvHRpd;upX>wz.’D;EkmvDRyl.
w.td.uvHRpd;w±l;ok;cD (92) zJ Nantamine u0DR< uD>pH.tuD>
qXM.vDRI ,w>*h>rh>’fo;d ,ub.’k;oh.nguD>pH.yok;vXy0Jtu J
vH;yok;u[JuRh *kRcH’*f >h *D>tltw>vd.b.tCd< yuydmxD.±GŒ.F vH.
tusEd mk vDRyXrFŒ;uFeH g’fo;d yurRpXRtrJ&uRt Marauderok;usRd vX
93
t[Jx.D vXt.o. (Assam) td.’D;tw>ynd.vXubSx D .D Ledo-

China usrJ >k vXuD>pH.t[D.cd.tylRvXtrJ&uRt*D>M.vDRI rl’gvDR
qDt0JtHRb.w>rR0HRtDRzJ 1944 eH.cD.xH;M.vDRI ok;cd.vXtyX
qSX&J.usJRw>rRz;’d.tHRrh>0J Maj. Bridge ‘D; Maj Leech wz.vDRI
ok;usRd wz.rh>0J’. Ma C-hindradall Regiment vXt[JvX Assam
Special Rifles M.vDRI
ytd.bS;H zJy.l w.td.wvg0HRtvD>cH,b.w>qSXvDR,RqlucFŒ.vJ

bH (Levy) ok;td.zJLaaung -ga vXttd.zJy.l w.td.’D; Suprabum
0h>cHzsX.tbX.pXRM.vDRI ,vJRCkm’D; Maj. Coffee ‘D;yrl’grh>’fo;d
yuqJ;usXvdmyo;’D;ok;&h. (136) td.vXucFŒ.uD>pJ.upX>usgvX
uD>y,D>uvHRpd;M.vDRI wuwD>CDM.yub.Cko.h ng,y.tok;
w>c;yeD.’D;’D.wJm,y.ok;tw>qJ;us;d tusRd wz.t*D>vDRI w>M.
0HRtvD>cH,td.’D;rl’gvXb.qJ;usXvdmyo;’D;trJ&uR Marauder
ok;usRd wkRy’k;uGmH rF;H uFeH gwpkM.vDRI
rF;H uFeH gvDR0HRtvD>cH Dead-end-hills tok;usRd [J[;H M> Marauder t

ok;usRd tvD>r&D’X>tok;usRd uhRtd.bS;H zJ Assam M.vDRI ,Rph>uD;
w>’k;td.bS;H ,RzJ Assam tw>yXw>vD>ud;0J Shillong M.vDRI ,td.
bS;H wvgC.C.0HRw>qSXu’D;,Rqlu>D y,DRvXrl’gvDRqDCmk ’D;*D>
&cgrkmo;rRpXRok;usRd vDRqDt.d zJt.o.w>yXM.vDRI ,rl’grh>’fo;d
yurRysu D mHG ,y.tok;vXtrRwHmwm< &RvDRto;zJyudupX>wl>
wu0DRt*D>M.vDRI w>rRz;’d.tHR0HRtvD>cHo;k usRd tHRw>[h.vDRu
94
pD R rD v X>
’D;ySRrl’gvXu’k;zs;d xD.uGmH ,y.ok;td.zJy‹Fregrk>xD.’D;wkRvDRvXu

&h.eH.uvHRxH;wz.M.vDRI
zJ 1945 vgtDuml (7) oDr>k eRytd.zJupX>usgo0DwzsX.td.vXyF‹r

eg’D;yh.vD. (yifav1if) tbX.pXRw>vD>ud;0J (uefjyLat1uf) zJ
z;zDr>k C.C.uwD> (11) e.&H.bs.J M.y’d;M>vDysRH w>upD.’k;oh.ng
ySRvX,y.tok;ymvDRpku0JR’D; w>’k;0HRvHM.vDRI w>w[h.ySRt
cGJ;vXy’k;,y.ok;zdwz.vXRb.I w>uvk>vDRvXyub.vJRvDR
ql,>G uFoH 0D’;D rRvRuyDRw>rReXRteHRtrl;0HRyuhRxD.u’guhRqly‹F
regM.vDRI
wkRvDRzJ 1963 eH.’D;,EkmvDRrRoud;w>’D; KNU ‘D;vXw>tHRtJu

vH;ok;ymyeD.,RvXySRC.’lcsXo;zdtCdw>w[h.uhR,bl;,vJ
vXtylRuGmH p;xD. (1943=47) w>r mJ ngrl’gylRwz.t*D>vXRb.I
vX Volunteer tok;ylRM.yok;uhc.d rh>0J Col Standly, Maj. Spicar,
Capt Wright, Capt. H. Hockson ‘D;ok;cd.w*RcH*R,wd>eD.trHRwM>
vXRb.I
ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ
95
zkv;uFH.y>=puDRrJ’lt*h>zk.udm
o;yS>pDRrJ’t l 0Jr>h zgwH>pDRzdr;F tzdcgG 0J>udM.vDRI t’Dy>k 0J>td.vG>H *R< pDR

rJ’<l eD>ud>< eD>y.’D;pDRrD.vh.M.vDRI t0Jt.d w>vD>rh>0JvX>’d.0h>w>
yX< o0DvX>0J;cHM.vDRI t0JrRvdw>zJvX>’d.wDRzk.uF0d RH < uRw>bD
oXeH.zJw>cD.vD>pDRoDuMdF .vDRI vXcHt0JuRh td.uhRvXto0D’;D xD.
yS>’D;twcGgrk.w>yd.vd.M.vDRI ‘D;t0Jr>h vXuG;J vHmz;vHm< uwdRy
,DRusmd oh’;D wJtu J vH;usmd ph>uD;b.zJt-uX;tCdo0Dzw d z.ymxD.
tDRvXo0Do;yS>M.vDRI ‘D;t0Jb.zD.xD.o0Do;yS>tw>rR’D;uJx.D
puDRzJo0DvX>0J;cHM.vDRI t0Jx.D zdc*H R< tzdr.k 0J>ude>D v;uF.H < tzd
cGgpDRxd.oDtMh .vDRI vXcHw,Hmb.M.,y.EkmvDRqlu>D y,DR’D;’k;
w>’D;tJuvH;M.vDRI zJM.tcgb.vXtJuvH;ok;wz.C.’D;Ch>rSH
[;zs;d tqXuwD>M.vDRI ‘D;zgwH>’D;toud;o0Dzw d z.xH.vXtJu
vH;tcd.w*RChw>rRpXRvXt0Jo.h ttd.’D;vXw>o;td.tylRymcl
ol.0J’;D qSXupDRuGmH 0Jqo l 0DwzsX.b.wzsX.M.vDRI
vXcHM.,y.M>b.w>upD.vXySRunDwz.rRpXR’D;ymclol.tJu
vH;ok;wz.tCd,y.ud;vDRt0Jo.h qlvX>’d.t%lvXtrh>o;yS>rJ’l
(vX>0J;cHo0D)< o&.CDol (wul.o0D)< zky’d.wD; (chyRl o0D) wz.
’D;w>vD>t*kRt*RweDRvDRI wkRvXzgwH>rJ’v l RJ wkRvXvX>’d.t%lM.
zk.cD.ok;wz.zD.CmtDR’D;pXwH>CmtDR< wD>tDRrR0Jtuvkmuvkm
’D;oHuG>orHord;t0Joh.w>tgr;vDRI vXcHzk.cD.ok;zdcH*RqXxX.
vXtuyRcD*R*Rpdm’D;cD.zH;ok;w*RwcD’;D ’J0tJ rJmo.vXcD.zH;ok;vX
96
puD R rJ ’ l
tngo;td.’D;x;M.vDRI wkRtrJmcsHo.HG xD.< nd;xD.wpkysJvRD uhR

0J’D;rXySRuhRqSXuhRtDRqlto0DM.vDRI wHRoud;unD< y,DRvX0h>
vX>’d.tylRwz.oh.ngtDRtgr;tCdySRqSXuhRtDRvXto0D’D;t
[H.zdCzD [d tJ .d uhRtDRM.vDRI ySRb.uhR,d;uhRtDRvDRI p;xD.zJM.
t0Jb.wl>b.w>e;e;uvJmwkRtrJmcscH w H .d [;*DRuGmH ’D;xH.uhRw>
wohvXRb.M.vDRI o0DvX>0J;cH’;D vX>’d.0h>,HR0J( 6) e.&H.usJM.
vDRI
vXcHz.k cD.wz.xD.rR[;*DRo0DtRH ’D;’lo0D< [H.CD< bk[w k >zdw>

vHRwz.[;*DRuGmH ’D;o0Dzw d z.b.Ch>xD.uGmH ’D;td.clo.l vXyS>ylR
vDRI w>tD.w>tDwvX< w>ulw>uRph>uD;wulwvX‘D;zJM.w>ql;
w>qgwz.[Jux J .D ’ftrh>w>[XzXvlw>qgwz.cVr;tCdo;orl
wz.b.pl;uGmH to;Ckmo;yS>rJ’t l rd>ty>ph>uD;vDRI ySRvXucl.vDR
t0Jo.h wtd.b.I td.’.xJtzdcgG o’gpDRrD.vh.’D;tzgwH>cH*RvDRI
cs.D wuhvXubd.bX0Jp>h uD;wtd.b.I pDRrJ’w l cDr>h vXtrJmwxH.
w>tCdvRJ ymvDRtrd>ty>qlt’J[.D cd.wwkRb.I rh>vXt0JC>h w
oh< [;wohtCdb.td.vXrk>*>zgwH>’D;zdrgtw>tH;xGu J >G xGt
J zDc.d
vDRI t0JwxH.w>tCdtzdwz.b.zD.uvX>0J’D;ySRvXt[Jtd.
oud;tDRtgM>cHbso D Xbsw D z.zD.0Jtuvk>b.xD.’D;wd>eD.uhR0Jt
up>b.vDRI wkRzdc*H R’d.xD.M.b.zH;b.rR< uG>vk>tD.uhRtDRvDRI
rgw*RwcDb.uG>xGt J RD ’D;’k;tD.‘k;tDtRD vX[H.ylRCDyRl vDRI trgM.
td.’D;w>o;bH;w>qgtCdb.weHRzJzo d .h wz.[;zH;[;rRtcgt
0Jt.d wh>’D;trgcH*RvX[H.’D;b.zJw>o;tH;xD.trgtcgt0Jb.d bH
xD.trg’D;zd;[kCm0JvXtpk’.k wDRvdRM.vDRI trgto;[;xD.vX
97
tpkvRd b.q.woh.ng0Jb.I toud;vXt[H.uyRw*R[Jt.d

oud;tDR’D;xH.0JvXtzd;[kCmtrgvXto;orlwtd.vXRw*RM.
vDRI wkRtw>wJb.tDR’D;t0JyvX>uG>trg’D;[D.[ho;r;to;vDRI
vXcHy,DRy’d.rR0JwmJ vG>H wJmp;xD. (1972=1974) eH.tCdo0DvX
upX>cd.uvdusgwz.y,DRok;w’k;td.’D;[D[;xD.uGmH 0J’;D rX0Jt[J
uhRtd.bl;vDRuhRzJ0>h vX>’d.uydmuyRo0Dye>’JM.vDRI qXuwD>zJ
M.tzdcgG oHumHG ’D;td.uhR0J’;D tzdr.k ’D;trmtoud;M.vDRI td.0JwRk
1976 eH.tzdr.k oHp>h uD;tCdtyk>’hcgG pDRrD.vh.ud;uG>uhRtDRvXt
[H.’D;pl;uGmH to;zJ 1978 eH.M.vDRI t0Jr>h ySRvXySRoh.ngtDRtgr;
’D;wHRoud;wz.ymuJtRD ’D;tJ.b.tDR’d.r;w*RM.vDRI zJtvJRylR
uGmH [D.cd.tcgtd.rl0J 72 eH.M.vDRI
(tJuvH;ok;cd.tHRrh>0J Maj. Seagrim M.vDR) b.w>uG;J tDRvXpDRpd

rlzIH
ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ
98
pD R bD R M.
pDRbDRM.
pDRbDRM.td.zs.J xD.0J’.zJ (23I2I1922) M.vDRI ty>rh>0JpRD ±ì‹.xlp.

’D;trd>rh>0JeD>’g’J;M.vDRI t0Jtd.zsJ.xD.0J’.zJweDo&H.uD>cD< bsH;
[D.u0DR< yvD;< yh.cFgo0DM.vDRI ty>M.rh>ySRrRw>zdvXudRvR0gt
pX>ylRx;ylRp&hM.vDRI trd>rh>ySR’d;oMRto;vXt0R’D;ol.ph>uD;us;D
wpJ;M.vDRI t0Jt’Dyk>0J>td. (4) *RM.vDRI vXtusgt0Jrh>ySRt
’d.uwX>w*RM.vDRI
t0Jp;xD.rRvdw>zJto0Dy.h cFgM.vDRI t0Jzsx d .D vG>H wDRzJto0Du0dF RH

vXtw>rRvdqn l gt*D>ty>qSXtDRql0>h ’0J>< usrD RD pduMdF .vDRI t0JrR
vdw>zJutdF RH zsx
d .D (7) wDR0HRrh>vXty>td.wql.tCdt0JwqJ;rR
vdb.w>vXRb.I b.rRpXRuhRtrd>vX[H.CDtw>zH;w>rRtCd
M.vDRI weH.CDzJM.ty>pl;uGHmto;M.vDRI t0Jb.rRpXRtrd>’D;
b.uG>xGJuhRyk>qH;wz.tCdw>rRvduwX>uGHm0J’.zJ (7) wDRM.
vDRI
zJ1942=43 eH.tylRzk.cD.wz.[JEmk vDRqlu>D y,DRtylRvXySRy,DRzd

wz.tw>uGEJ mk tDRvXu‘k;pXRtDRuDRvR0gtCdM.vDRI zJM.unDzd
wz.tgwuh>rh>ySRvXtrRw>vXudRvR0gtw>yXtylRM.vDRI t
Cdy,DRwz.uG>wvDRySRunDzw J XudRvR0gteD.wD> (vufuikd f
d 0J v
wkw)f ’D;t0J oh.rReXRrRC.rRtXrRoDyRS unDzwd z.e;r;vDRI zk.cD.
wz.ymzS.d xD.to;’D;y,DRweDR’D;yXql.yXpd;xHzud >D zde;M>uDRvR0g
99
wz.tq;wz.tq;vDRI ySRxHzu d >D zdy,DRwz.wJ0J (usm; a=umuf

vd‹±k iS }f u;D ud;k / ±Si}f u;D usm;xufq;kd ) M.vDRI xHzu d >D zdwz.zS.D vDR,mvDR<
zH;tD.rRtD.b.uDucD cJ w J Rk ’.vJmuulb.od;b.t*D>b.rRM>oh.
bh.< wD>uykmtDR’D;b.ulbXto;vDRI ySRyXw>tcgzJM.yXql.yXpd;
wD>xHzduD>zdwz.< pDRbDRM.teD>up>’.vJmb.wD>wbsDcDzsdvXy
,DRweDRvXtuG>wvDRty>vXtrRw>vXudRvR0gtpkylRtcgt
CdvRJ qJ;wdq;J cG;J zk.cD.’ftRH ’fERk tCdz.k cD.wz.wD>pDRbDRM.bl;u
oHb.r;to;< b.wl>b.0Je;e;uvJmvDRI w>rRto;vXtDRtHRt
0Jwo;yhReD.0Jew D bsb D .I tcgzJM.t0Jr>h ySRol.0D’;D rR0D< rRpHmrRu
pkt.D upkyRS ,d,zd v d RD I
zJ 1943 eH.tvXmwuyRM.t0Jzst D o;’D;eD>vJR’.M.vDRI t0Jx.D

yS>0HRu,HmcHe.H bs.J M.udRvR0gzdwz.[JEmk yXuhRuD>y,DRtoDwbsD
M.vDRI pDRbDRM.tHRvXtzdo.tcgvHRvHRto;pJvXw>’k;w>,Rw
uyRM.vDRI tCdzt J 0Je>[luRd vR0gwl>vdmySRok;zdtCdt0JvRJ Ekm
vDRqluRd vR0gok;zJ 1946 eH.xD.toDwuyRzJ0>h ’0J>M.vDRI tcD.
xH;ySRymtDRvXok;zdo’D ;D vXcHt0Jx.D ok;w>rRvdz0J >h ’0J> 6 vgvDRI
ok;w>rRvd0RH w>[h.vDRtDRrl’gqlw>vD>wwDRb.wwDRM.vDRI w>
vD>vXt0JvRD b.rl’gwz.rh>0Ju.yD;< vDv<d ,h.zFL.< rD.w.’D;o
,J;cFwD >vD>oh.wz.M.vDRI t0Jr>h ySRw*RvXtyh>tqSgtCdr>h *hR<
udRvR0gwz.emM>tDRtCdt0JtvD>tvRxD.wqDb.wqDwkR
ok;puDR (oXyV) M.vDRI t0JM>b.ok;puDR0HRw,Hmb.M>b.w>
cG;J w>,mvXub.vJRxD.yh>qSg (intelligent) w>rRvdvX0hr.D vrF.J
M.vDRI t0Jzsx d .D yh>qSgw>rRvdz0J >h ’0J>0HR[JuRh wkRzJ0>h ’0J>M.w>w
100
pD R bD R M.
[h.vJRtDRqlw>vD>t*RvXRb.I w>[h.vDRtDRrl’gvXub.td.
zJ0>h ’0J>’D;b.uG>xGu
J sw
d X;M.vDRI udRvR0gwz.tJ.b.tDR< emM>
tDRtCd[.h vDRtDRrl’gtHRM.vDRI
zJ1948 eH.M.udRvR0g[h.uhRuD>y,DRw>obV0HR’D;t0Jo.h xk;uhR

to;’D;uhRqltuD>’.0Ju,Du,DM.vDRI udRvR0g[h.uhRuD>y,DR
w>obV0HRtvD>cHyRS unDz’d ;D ySRy,DRzdwz.w>b.*Hm*lmtd.xD.0J
’.wkRvXunDzw d z.b.zD.xD.w>pku0JR’D;*JRxX.yX>qXw>M.vDRI
zJtcgM.vX0h>’0J>wuyRM.ySRunDzw d z.vXtuJw>h ok;’D;td.’H;
vXrl’gtylRvXtrh>0JpRD bDRM.< pDRuF.cJ< o&.tleyd.< o&.zdcRh ’D;
o&.q.vlo.h wz.M.vDRI t0Jo.h ’d;M>b.w>upD.vXpDRb;tl
uF*H RJ xX.’k;xD’gy,DRvHwbsC D t
D 0Jo.h 5 *Rud;xH.vdmclo.l to;
’D;td.zS.d wX.yD.oud;0HRqXwJm0J’.vXuxD.[H;Cm0h>’0J>Ckm’D;usd
wX;vXw>qXuwD>zk.udmtylRM.vDRI t0Jo.h < oh.rk>eHRz;rk>oDvX
up;xD.w>rR’D;xk;vDRw>&J.w>usRJ wz.wywD>b.wywD>vDRwH>
vDRqJ;M.vDRI tqXuwD>cgzJM.< pDRbDRM.rh>ySRw*RvXtzD.Cm
usw d X;’D;eD.0HmcHvXtb.xG‘J ;D w>pku0JRcJvXmwrFbd .wrFMd .td.vX
tpkylRcJvXmvDRI ‘fw>&J.w>usJRtod;t0Joh.qSXw>upD.qlySRu
nDo0DvXt (pdwcf s) ym0JweDR’ftrh>0h>rh>wg< cD;yD.< csX.zl’;D qlusrD RD
pduFd< unDuFdzdoh.wz.ttd.M.vDRI o0Dzdwz.ph>uD;td.’D;w>
ol.ql.o;*JR< wd>ymrhRwd>yHm’D;rRChymCm0Jtgtg*D>*D>M.vDRI pDRbDR
M.wcD’w f >[h.wh>tDRrl’gtod;t0J,;d xk;xD.w>pku0JRwz.vXusd
wX;tylRtwvgwz.twvg’D;ymzS.d clo.l Cm0J’.vXt[H.ylRw
eDR’D;tbkzt D ylRweDRvDRI
101
wkRw>qXuwD>bl;xD.vXw>&J.w>usRJ wcsK;p;xD.M.t0Jo.h to
ud; 5 *RxH.vdmtd.oud;wX.yD.oud;toDwbsMD .vDRI zJM.vXt
0Jo.h ,J>*Rtusgo&.tleyd.pH;0J’.yw>’k;wbst D RH rh>rReXRw>M.rh>
rwRuyXw>’D;uJc.d uJe>&J.usRJ w>M.vJ.I zJM.pDRbDRM.wJx.D 0J’.
vXyuymxD.ycd.ye>vXuyXw>M.urh>0J’.o&.q.vlM.vDRI zJ
M.ySRb.to;ud;*RvDRI b.q.oemuhrrh >h o.tleyd.w*RM.w
wJx.D w>eDwrHRb.I trJmo.zsgwrkmb.M.vDRI
zJw>&J.w>usRJ up;xD.bl;xD.woDM.ySR0h>rh>wg< cDy.D ’D;csX.zlo.h

wz.uwJmuwDRto;’D;[JvDRql0h>’0J>vXu[H;M>ymCmw>pku
0JRM.vDRI zJM.o&.tleyd.w*RvJRxD.bs0D ’J .vXus‘J ;D wJ0yJ w>&J.
w>usJRwz.wuJxD.vXRb.I (eD>eD>wcDw>&J.w>usJRtd.vDRwH>
vDR) zJM.ySRursX>wz.uqHuqGx J .D to;w>e>yX>ur.vdmto;
td.xD.0JvRD I y,DRok;wz.ymol.ymo;w>rRto;’D;emM>0J’.ySR
unDzw d z.’D;ys>vDR0J’.unDzv d Xtd.vXtok;ylR< rXtCko.h ng
w>*h>w>usdRwz.tCdoh.ng0J’.vXySRunDzdwz.tw>&J.w>
usRJ w>ul.xD.z;vDRw>oh.wz.M.vDRI zJM.y,DRwz.oh.ng0JvX
zgwH>bDRM.ttd.M.td.’D;w>pku0JRtCd[.h vDR0J’.w>uvk>vX
w>uzD.t0J’.M.vDRI zJM.y,DRzdvXttJ.b.tDRw*R< b.,d.
w>vXt*D>tCd[J’k;oh.ngtDRw>*h>w>usdRwz.tCd’D;t0JuGJ;
0JvHmwbh.’D;vXvHmtylRuGJ;0J (txl;owif;pkpH rf;&efarmfvòrdio f @kd
xGuo f mG ;ygonf) ‘D;ymwD>vHmtHR’D;wJw>h 0JyRS rh>[JC,
k R’D;[h.vDRvHm
tHR0HRt0Jy’h.to;’D;[;xD.0J’.zJM.vDRI
102
pD R bD R M.
weRCDzMJ .t0Ju;d xD.ySRunDzv d XtemM>0Jzt J uydmuyRvXtbl;

’D;tDRweDR’D;0Hx.D us<d uscd su
H sod .oh.wz.vXtymclo.l wh>0Jwz.
’D;uhRu’guhRqly>h cFgtw>yXwuyRvDRI t0JrRu’gy,DRtrJmcDzst d
0Ju;JG wh>vHmM.ymzsgxD.vXuvJRqlr.D vrF.J tCdy,DRok;wz.vlR
bstD RD vXuzD.tDRt*D>vDRI zJM.y,DRok;zD.0J’.ySRw*RuG>0JvRD *m’D;
tDRtrHRrh>vDcx D yl ,DRqdur.0J’.vXtDRtCdrRoHumHG 0J’.M.vDRI
zJt0J[u J Rh wkRqlo0Dy.h cFg’D;t0Ju;d zS.d o0Dzw
d z.0HRwJy;F 0J‘.vXpDR
b;tluFH*JRxX.yX>qXw>vXunDzdt*D>vHtCdy0J’.unDzdvX
bs;H §’0J>wuyRph>uD;ytd.’D;yw>&J.w>usRJ vDRI b.q.yw>&J.w>
usRJ [;*DRuGmH 0JtCd,[JuRh wkRvXtHRvDRI ytd.‘ftRH ytd.wohvXR
b.I yb.p;xD.uwJmuwDRyo;vDRI w,Hmb.vXw>qXuwD>zk.
udmtylRyub.uG>qX.rJm’D;y,DRvDRI vXw>M.tCdt0Ju&Xu&d
xD.ol.xD.o;p>vXttd.’D;t*H>tbgwz.’D;[h.vDR0J’.w>pku
0JR’D;od.vd0J’.vXub.zD.pku0JR’fvJ.t*h>vDRI p;xD.zJM.t0J
oh.to0Dzw d z.td.’D;w>uwJmuwDRw>yvD>y’Dto;xDbMd .vDRI
y,DRwz.t0Jo.h [H;Cmuvkm’d.pdoEl’;D [;vlRrReXRrRC.unDzd
wz.M.vDRI y,DRwz.tHREkmvDRo0DwzsX. b.wzsX.’D;w,Hmb.
[JwRk qly.h cFgo0DM.vDRI y,DRwz.[JEmk vDR’D;ok;rDx.d M.vDRI rh>vX
o0Dzdwz.M>qdw>upD.wu;’H;b.trJmngt0Joh.td.wh>’D;w>
uwDRo;vHtCdcd;vDRCm0Jtcd.’D;c;wH>vDR0J’.y,DRok;wz.M.
vDRI y,DRoHwbsK;*RvDRI b.q.ugwtd.ywkmwbsDCb D .tCd
vXz.url.< [D.cd.ck.tusgy,DRxl.zs;J uGmH 0J’.2=3 *R’fM.vDRI
103
t0JEkmvDRudRvR0gok;zJ 1946 eH.’D;t0J[;xD.udRvR0gok;M.p;

xD.zJ 1949 unDzdwz.p;xD.pku0JRw>yX>qXM.vDRI t0JqJ;usX
vdmto;’D;unDc.d e>vXx;wuyRzJt0J[;xD.udRvR0gok;0HRt
vD>cHM.vDRI t0JymzSd.rRoud;uhRw>vXunDw>yX>qXtylR’D;w>
[h.vDRtDRrl’gzJt0Jt.d zs.J xD.[D.u0DRvXtrh>yh.cFgo0D< yvD;< usJ
rk>xH;o0Dwz.t[D.u0DRM.vDRI vXcHw>[h.vDRu’D;rl’gvXub.
[Jx.D qlweDo&H.us (d xHr>d yS>us)d vXw>uol.xD.qDvRD ymvDRuD>
olvRh w>yXw>qSXt*D>M.vDRI t0J[x J .D wkRxHr>d yS>uszd J (1952) eH.
’D;ol.xD.qDvDRoud;uD>olvhRw>yXw>qSXcD.wCmCkm’D;vD>
cX.o;cd.e>< bs;H §’0J>cd.e>wz.M.vDRI w>ymvDRw>yXw>qSXtcD.
wCmw>vD>wcDr>h 0J (ch.r.x.) weDo&H.uX>eHRM.vDRI t0JrRo
ud;w>’D;cd.e>wz.zJxrH >d yS>ust
d RH (3) eH.0HRt0JuRh vDR[H;M>rl’gzJt
up>to0DvXyh>cFg< yvD;usJr>k xH;o0Dwz.t[D.u0DRM.vDRI t0J
uhRwkRqlw>rJmng[D.u0DRzJ (1956) eH.’D;vXw>yX>qXurReXRw>
t*D>t0JusJ;pX;[l;*JRvXw>u&Xu&dw>rR’D;ok;tw>[l;w>*JRw
z.M.vDRI wkR 1974 ’k.’grRwJmvG>H wJmw>&J.w>usRJ tCdt0Ju[l;
*JRvJRxD.uhRvDRt*D>wnDvXRb.tCdt0J[u J Rh xD.qlu>D &h. (ch.
r.x.) M.vDRI t0JrRoud;uhRw>zJu>D olvRh y’d.ttd. (4=5) eH.
0HRrh>vXto;yS>xD.tCdt0J[;H M>w>td.bS;H vXw>rRtylRM.vDRI
t0J[;H M>w>td.bS;H 0HRtvD>cHt0J[;td.vXzdvRH oh.wz.ttd.zJ
t0Jto;td.0JwwDRb.wwDRM.vDRI ‘D;zJ,ElRtg&HR 1oD 1992 eH.
M.t0Jp;l uGmH to;vXo;yS>w>qgM.vDRI
ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ
104
pD R xl r .
pDRxlr.
pDRxlr.td.zsJ.xD.0J’.z (J 28I3I1925) eH.M.vDRI t0Jt.d zsJ.xD.

w>vD>wcDrh>0JuD>y,DRuvHRxH;< weDo&H.uD>cD< 0h>bsH;tylR< uFdR
’d.o0D (aus1ufacs1if;) M.vDRI ty>trHRrh>0JpRD vlRbh.’D;trd>trHR
rh>0Je>D xH&.H M.vDRI trd>ty>rh>0JyRS td.upkt.D upk’;D zH;tD.rRtD.
pHm{dRySRJ {dRM.vDRI t’Dy>k 0J>cJvXmtd.0J,>J *RvDRI ydmcGgvG>H *R’D;ydmrk.
w*RvDRI vXt’Dy>k 0J>tusgt0Jr>h ySRcH*Rw*RM.vDRI t0J’.d xD.’.
zJto0D’;D rRvdp>h uD;w>zJto0DM.vDRI vXtzdo.cgvHRvHRt0Jr>h
ySRw*RvXto;pJt.d vXw>’k;ok;uyRM.vDRI *JRvdmuJ’G ;D toud;
zdwz.M.vdmuG0J w J >’k;vdmo;M.vDRI t0JrRvdw>zsx d .D wwDRb.w
wDRvDRI t0JzsdxD. (6) wDR0HRtvD>cHrh>vXt0Jtrd>y>qSXtDRwM>
vXRb.tCdt0Jtw>rRvduwX>uGmH 0J’.zJM.vDRI b.q.t0Jw
cDto;td.qJ;rRvdw>’H;vDRI t0Jb.rRpXRuhRtrd>ty>vXw>zH;
tD.rRtD.wuyRM.vDRI
(1946) eH.zJt0Jto;td. (20) bs.J M.’fto;pJt.d vXw>’k;w>,R

wuyR’D;tJ.’d;qJ;rRvdw>tCdt0JvRJ EkmvDRuDRvR0gtok;zJ0>h bs;H
uDRvR0gok;xH;M.vDRI t0JvRJ EkmvDRtcgb.qX.b.wDRvXw>u
[h.ok;w>rRvdtCdt0Jx.D b.0Jw>rRvdwbsC D MD .vDRI ok;w>rR
vdtRH b.w>[h.tDR (6) vgySRJ ySRJ vDRI xD.w>rRvd0RH w>[h.vDRtDR
rl’gzJ0>h bs;H w>vD>wwDRb.wwDRM.vDRI vXw>zH;w>rRtylR’fto;
pJt.d tod;< tw>’due.w>us;J pX;*hRtCdc.d e>wz.tJ.b.tDR’D;
105
tvD>tvRph>uD;xD.0J’.wwDRb.wwDRM.vDRI t0JuJuDRvR0g
ok;tcgw>[h.tDRtvD>tvRwkRok;puDRzd (wyfpw d rf LS ;) M.vDRI w
bsDwcD.w>[h.ph>uD;tDRrl’gvX&h.’D;’0J>w>yXw>vD>wz.M.vDRI
(1949) eH.ySRunDwz.*JRxX.p;xD.< pku0JRw>yX>qXM.t0Jp>h uD;
vJRxD.’k;w>vXthp.h w>’k;M.vDRI t0JrRwh>uDRvR0gok;p;xD.vX
(1946) wkR (1949) eH.M.vDRI
thp.h w>’k;M.rh>vXySRunDzw d z.’k;y,DRweXRtCdb.*kRuhRtcH

M.vDRI w>’k;0HRtvD>cHt0J[u J Rh vDRqlbsH;< ‘0J>wyRM.vDRI rh>vX
w>wb.vdmb.p;tCdt0JuhRqltrd>ty>ttd.’D;rRpXRtrd>
ty>M.vDRI zJ (1952) eH.M.t0J’;d wh’;d zst D o;’D;o;yS>u.vl.tzd
rk.o’geD>&SR’h.M.vDRI uD>&h.bs;H < ‘0J>tylRySRunDzw d z.qJ;usXvdm
to;’D;unDc.d e>vXx;wz.’D;ol.xD.qDvRD w>yX>qXok;’D;uD>ol
vhRw>yXw>jy;M.vDRI zJM.unDzv d XtyX>qXw>zdwz.[Jx.H vdm
to;’D;tDR’D;vXunD’u D vkmw>xl.zs;J t*D>wX.yD.vdmto;0HRt0J
[H;xD.zD.xD.tySRuvkmtrlt’gM.vDRI t0J’t f rh>uDRvR0gok;vD>
vHRw*Rtod;’Duvkmw>xl.zs;J t*D>t0J[;H M>rl’gvXok;wuyRM.
vDRI tcgzJM.bs;H < ‘0J>wuyRtHRrh>0J’.ok;u (h 6) M.vDRI ok;uhc.d
wcDr>h 0Jo;k cd.uFeD .H xlM.vDRI t0J[.h vDRpDRxlr.rl’gvXok;’hc.d t
ywD>M.vDRI t0J[.h vDRto;rRw>*hRr;tCdw>wD.xD.tDRvD>vR
wqDb.wqDwkRvXok;&h.cd.w*RzJbsH;A’0J>uD>&h.tylRM.vDRI
vXySRuvkmw>xl.zsJ;t*D>t0JwuG>teD>up>w>b.bsK;b.I t0J
wl>qgcD.qgto;’D;[h.vDRto;vXmvXmqhqMh .vDRI uG>u’guhR
t0JrRwh>w>tylRM.zJt0JvRJ ql’.k ’g[D.u0DRylR’D;u&Xu&dx.D w>
106
pD R xl r .
tcgb.uG>qX.rJmw>CH;w>phR< b.td.clo.l < b.td.0HRtd.phRoX

oDv>HG oDvXtEGMH .td.wbsK;bsb
D .q.to;w[;*DRb.to;ql.
’.xDbv d Xtw>zH;w>rRtylRM.vDRI
zJ (1972) eH.M.t0Jb.’d0’J .vXw>’k;tylR’D;’k.’gtuscd sMH .ySRxk;

xD.uhRtDRwnD< wohb.tCdb.w>qSXtDRqluD>uFD.wJ.w>qg
[H.M.vDRI t0JvJRwkRvXpd.zk;w>qg[H.b.q.rh>vXw>qXu
wD>pJRcHvXt*D>tCdt0Jp;l uGmH to;zJM.vDRI w>u[JuRh pdmuhRtpd.
qlu>D ylRwnDb.tCdw>cl.vDRtDRzJp.d zku>D q.tylRw>vD>trHRud;

0JvXeDzo d .h vXunDusdmM.vDRI tzdtrgoh.wz.wxH.b.tpd.
’D;wcl.vDRb.ph>uD;tDRb.I t0Jymwh>uGmH tzdtrg< unDw>yX>qX
’D;od.’lwz.vXttJ.0Jwz.M.vDRI
ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ
107
pDR’Je,X.xdbD.
pDR’Je,X.xdb.D M.td.zs.J xD.0J’.vXuD>y,DRto;uH>0h>wDtzl v J g

rhR (14) oD (1923) eH.M.vDRI ty>rh>0Jy>D &Dxb
d .D < trd>rh>0Je>D tJvpf .H
M.vDRI t’Dy>k 0J>cJvXmtd.0J (*) *R’D;t0J’.rh>0JyRS (6) *R w*RvDRI
p;xD.vXt0Jt.d uFo d th qXuwD>t0JrRvdw>zJ0>h wDtu l nDwRD xD
uFMd .vDRI t0Jzsx d .D 0JwwDRb.wwDR’D;zJ (1940) eH.M.t0Jzsx d .D 0J
’.wDRxDuMdF .vDRI 0HRtvD>cHt0Jq;J rRvdu’D;w>ol.w>zs;tcDv.h
cHe.H 0HR< [D.cd.’Db.h w>’k;cHbsw
D bsu
D x
J .D tCdt0JEmk vDR}bH;xH; (±S)f
txHok;rk>zJ (1942) eH.M.vDRI
t0J’t f rh>ySRok;zdtoDw*Rtod;t0Jb.xD.0J’.*H>cD.xH;ok;tw>rR
vd (3) vgM.vDRI 0HRtvD>cHrh>vXw>ul.b.ul.ohtywD>td.vX
urRvde.D eJ.zsgw>rRvdtCd< t0Jq;J rRvdtgxD.b.u’D;eD.eJ.zsg
w>rRvd (6) vgM.vDRI wkRtzsx d .D w>rRvd0RH w>[h.vDRrl’gvXu
rRw>zJxo H ;k xH;vDRI t0JrRw> (3) vg0HRcd.e>wz.xH.0J’.vXt0J
rRw>*hRtywD>xD.b;< eXRw>rR*hR*hRtCdw>[h.vDRtDRu’D;rl’g
qlr.h ,k;ok;ubDtylR’ftrh>eD.eJ.zsgrl’gcd.w*Rtod;M.vDRI vXrl
’gtylRt0Joh.tubDvJRwkRqluDRvRoluD>oXbsDvGH>bsDph>uD;M.
vDRI
(1947) eH.unDw>yX>qXwcsK;p;xD.tqXuD>cd.pDRb;tluvHF RJ u
&Xu&dunDo;p>wz.vXtrRuDRvR0gok;vXxHo;k ’D;cdo;k tylRw
108
pD R ’J e ,X.xd b D .
z.M.vDRI vXw>M.tCd’Je,X.xdbD.toud;weDR[;xD.vX
}bH;xH;(±S)f xHo;k rk>tylR’D;vXunD’u
D vkmw>xl.zsJ;t*D>t0JymzS.d
vdmto;’D;pDRb;tluFH’D;rRoud;w>vDRI vXuDRvR0gok;ylRt0JrR
w>vXeD.eJ.zsgw>rRtCdvXunDw>yX>qXtylRph>uD;w>[h.vDRph>
uD;tDRrl’gvXeD.eJ.zsgw>rRM.vDRI w>[h.vDRtDRrl’gw>vD>wcDr>h 0J
0h>oxl.w>yXtylRM.vDRI vXw>qXuwD>w,Hmb.tylRthp.h w>
’k;p;xD.0J’.M.vDRI vXw>M.tCdt0Jo.h b.vJRvDRoud;ql0>h th
ph.w>’k;M.vDRI w>’k;vX0h>thp.h tHRrh>vXw>rReXRwtd.tCdt0J
oh.b.*kRuhRtcHM.vDRI 0HR (1950) eH.ylRM.t0Jb.[JuRh ql0>h o
xl.M.vDRI t0Jt.d zJM.weH.0HRrh>vXy,DRwz.rXySRunDzw d z.vX
uqduwD>pku0JRw>yX>qX’D;[JrRoud;w>’D;tDRvXxHu>D tw>Cl
w>zd;t*D>M.vDRI ySRvXw[JuRh rRoud;w>wz.M.vlRzD.0J’.’D;zX
EkmvDR0J’.qlCmd ylRM.vDRI t0Jo.h rh>vXwtJ.’d;rRoud;w>’D;y,DR
oh.wz.tCdC>h qlupX>cd.< qlz.yl.weDR< Ch>qluwXwH;weDR’D;
ql (óu;d 0kid ;f ) weDRM.vDRI
0h>z.yl.uJx.D 0J’.unDzw d z.tvD>cX.o;tCdc.d e>oh.wz.td.
zS.d to;zJ0>h z.yl.M.vDRI t0J’t
f rh>vD>cX.o;tySRzD.pJ;w*Rtod;
t0Jb.vJRtd.0J’.zJ0>h z.yl.M.vDRI ‘D;w>[h.ph>uD;tDRrl’gvXcd.
e>tw>vJRw>uhRtylRt0Jb.ydm0J’;D [H;M>rl’gvXySRzD.pJ;wuyRM.
vDRI t0Jrh>ySRvXtywD>xD.b;tCdvXw>wX.yD.wX.yDt*D>b.
vJRCkm’D;cd.e>wz.xDbpd >h uD;M.vDRI
t0J[;xD.uhRvDRvJRb.uhRb.w>vD>wwDRb.wwDRM.vDRI zJ
109
vgrhR (1953) eH.tylRt0Jx.H vdmto;’D;o&.rk.’J;zeH.’D;t0Jo.h

to;td.vdmo;’D;uJxD.w>tJ.wDM.vDRI ‘D;vXcHzJvg,l. (5) oD
(1954) eH.M.t0Jo.h zst D o;M.vDRI t0Jo.h zstD o;zJw>vD>uwX
wH;< unDu>D pJ.M.vDRI t0Jzst D o;0HR (7) vgbs.J M.vXt0Juol.
xD.bSDxD.[H.t*D>vJRuG>w>vD>vXuDRvdmxHusduX>eHRvXtrd>t
y>[D.cd.tpHmvD>td.tvD>M.vDRI tw>wdmymwcDr>h 0JubSMD >0Jtrg
t[H.0HRtrgtd.zJM.’D;od.vdw>zJM.vXt0JwuyRwcDrRtySRu
vkmw>rRuoht*D>rh>w>vD>vXt-uX;tb.0J’.M.vDRI t0JigySRusD
ysMD >tDRw>’D;uG>0JyRS rRM>tDRw>M.’ft0Jto;tw>vd.b.tod;w
xD.b;0Jb.tCdt0JEkmvDRrRw>vXteD>up>vDRI t0JrRw>vXm
*H>vXmbgvDRI w>bH;S to;b.q.t0JusJ;pX;rR0J’t f w>b.to;
uM>t*D>M.vDRI t0JrRw>rRcHoDoXoD0HR0JrRw>wuJtgtgvXR
b.I w>bS;H to;’d.r;’D;ul;< bS;D vDRvXtoH.G ’.vJmM.vDRI vXw>
M.tCdyRS vJRud;M>tDRuoH.o&.vXxHus0d >b;cDvXcDrLF M;td.w>
vD>uoH.o&.w*RM.vDRI tcg0JM.cDrLF M;wz.td.u’k’;D ymt0JR
vD>vXuDRvdmusdx0H >cDM.vDRI uoH.o&.rRuG>tDR‘D;oh.ng0J’.
vXw>qgtHRrh>w>yod.qgM.vDRI tCduoH.o&.wJb.tDRvXu
vJRrRuG>to;vX0h>wul.w>qg[H.z;’d.M.vDRI vXt0JrRwh>w>
vX}bH;xH; (±S)f xHo;k rk>tcgt0JvRJ w>uhRw>vXyD.vJ.ylRtcgw>ck.
b.tDRrh>*hR< tdo;H tgtCdr>h *hR< t0J’;G 0Jw>qg tHRuJx.D to;vDRI
t0Jp;xD.vXtrRw>yX>qXM.t0JzF;uGHmoH;vDRI t0J’.ySRqSXtDR
ql0>h wul>w>qg[H.z;’d.M.vDRI zJM.ySR’du>G tDR (X-Ray) ‘D;ySRxH.
vXtyod.cHuyRvdmzsg’fo;d zh*Rk tylRwz.tod;vDRI vXcHt0JrRM.
0Jw>yod.qgw>qgM.vDRI zJM.t0Joh.ngvDRtw>qgt*h>’D;rh>
110
pD R ’J e ,X.xd b D .
rlM.rh>’.vXup>,GRymrltDRtCdvDRI tCdt0JymvDRto;vXt
w>qgrh>bsgM.urRuhRw>vXw>o;ckupD.w>zH;w>rRtylRvDRI vX
cHb.w>qSXtDRql (T B special ) w>qg[H.vDRI w>qg[H.tHRrh>rH;
±SX.w>qg[H.’D;td.vXrD.vrF.J M.vDRI t0JvRJ ulpgto;vXrD.v
rF.J rH;±SX.w>qg[H.cHe.H 0HR< tw>qgtHRt*H>wJm’D;bsg0J’.*hR*hRM.
vDRI zJ (1956) eH.t0Jp.H vDRvXw>qg[H.’D;uhRtd.’D;trgM.vDRI
tcgzJM.trgwcDvRJ rRw>vXph&,X. (oefvsif) M.vDRI t0JrRo
&.rk.zJ (St. Georges Diocesan High School ) M.vDRI zJvgrhR(4)
oD< 1957 eH.M.t0J’;d M>b.0Jz0d >J udzyd md cGgzdw*RM.vDRI t0JwrR
w>rReDwrHR’fb.td.’.rRpXRrgvX[H.’D;uG>tzdM.vDRI ‘ft0JymvDR
to;vXtw>qgrh>bsgurRw>o;ckupD.w>rRtod;zJvg,l.
(1959) eH.M.t0JvRJ xD.uDRvR0gvHmpDqu HS zdF 0J >h thp.h M.vDRI t0J
uhRtd.oud;t[H.zdCzD v d X (Syriam) wvgwbszD t J 0Jx.D vHmpDqHS
uFdtcgvDRI
zJt0JrRvdw>vXvHmpDqSHuFdtzXrk>vgpJ;yxhbX. (21) oD (1960)
eH.t0J’d;M>u’d;zdcGgcH*Rw*RM.vDRI t0JrRvdvHmpDqSH (4)
eH.0HRt0JzsdxD.0J’.zJ (1963) eH.< vgr>±S;tylRM.vDRI zJ (1964)
eH.M.b.w>CkxXxD.tDRvXuvJRuG>w>td.zS.d vX (Nam Kham
Dr.Gorden Seagrave Hospital ) M.vDRI t0Ju>G w>td.zS.
d < wbsCD D
t0JrRph>uD;w>o;ckupDw>rRzJ,Rd uD>uvHRpD;M.vDRI rh>vXt0Ju>G
w>td.zSd.rh>*hR< rRw>o;ckupD.w>rRrh>*hR< rR0JvXw>ol.td.o;
111
td.w>xJ;*H>xJ;bgtCdzJ (1973) eH.M.ympktDR’D;t0Jb.w>wD.

xD.tDRqlo&.ympkM.vDRI
zJ (1974) eH.vgth¹z.h tylRw>td.zS.d z;’d.b.zJ0>h rH;xH.v.M.vDRI
t0JvJRxD.w>td.zSd.z;‘d.tHRM.vDRI w>td.zSd.0HRt0JvJRqlwDtl
M.vDRI vXtw>vJRtHRM.t[XzX0HmwuHxD.0Jowl>uvm’D;qg
xD.0Jw>l 0JwySRJ b.tCdb.pH.vDR0J’.zJ0>h yFrH eg’D;vJRxD.w>qg[H.
M.vDRI xD.w>qg[H.utd.oXoD’;D t0J’.tw>qgudn>vDRuhR0J
’.vDRI b.q.t*H>tbgwvXtySJR’H;b.I tCdvXt*H>tbgu
xD.uhRt*D>uoH.o&.qJ;M>tDRuoH.*H>bgM.vDRI tqJ;vDRu
oH.*H>bgtHR0HRvXpSRrH;eH;twD>ylRtrJm0gxD.< w>xD.tDRwpd>zd’D;
oH0’J .M.vDRI oH0RH r;uoH.o&.rRuG>’D;oh.ngvXttd.’D;qH.qX
w>qgM.vDRI
uoH.*H>bgvXtqJ;0J’D;w>qH.qXtw>qgtHRwb.vdmto;
b.tCduJxD.±SD;‘D;pl;uGHmto;owl>uvmM.vDRI o&.rk.cH*R
vXtrRw>zJy‹Fregw>qg[H.tHRM.rh>ySRzsx
d .D uoH.w>rRvdvXegcg
w>qg[H.tCdo.h ng0J’.o&.’d.tHR*hR*hRvDRI tCdt0J’v d RD vDysRH
qltzdtrgtd.rh>*hRtrdttd.rh>*hRvXo&.’d.pl;uGmH to;t*h>vDRI
0HRt0Jo.h bl.oud;bgoud;M>w>0HRcl.vDRtDR*hR*hRb.b.vDRI
ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ
112

Oral History

Încărcat de

Informații document

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Oral History

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

muInEBtPFlitIHRp~BnoFtH~

Drum Publication Group

• ySRxXzS.d w>*h>tw>uwdRqSXEkm (1) 1

w>uJx.D to;vXpdRcJtRH M.yrh>tJ.’d;vXyzdyvHRvXcHwpdRoh.ng

tgM>tM. Mrs. Sally Steen tw>rRpXRw>yD;w>vDvXw>xXzSd.

‘fo;d vHmwbh.tHRuuJx.D *D>pH;bsK;b.ph>uD;o&. Ashly South

w>pH.CJRwJpRd M.rh>yrSRH yyS>txloElxv l RH wcgM.vDRI rh>t*h>’fv.J

vHmw>pH.CJRwJpRd wbh.tHRtw>uG>pdr>h zdvRH vXpdRcJtRH ’D;qlngvX

1939 uFXreH.tok;rk> Panga rReXRw>vX,l&yR’D;[H;M>yXbJvuF.H

1941eH.< vgpJ;yxhbX.,y.qSXvDRtod.rSRH qlu>D trJ&uRtcgEkm

rh.yd>zJ’.H phbX. (7)oDteHRM.vDRI vXw>tHRtCdvg’H.phbX.(8)oD

1I B.M.P (Burma Military Police)

Burma Rifles tylRunDzt

rk> (Burma Rifle ) ’D;tok;xH;(8)’ftzsgvXx;cJvXmteD.*H>td.0JcH

p;xD.,y.rRM> (Victoria Point) 0HR1942eH.M.ok;usRd rd>yS>td.0J(4)

cDy,DRwz.[H;M>tcG;J t,m’D;’G.J tlumHG ’lo0D< zD.unDzwd Rk vXtrR

1945=tJuvH;ubD,Rl [JuRh EkmvDR0h>wul.0HRtvD>cH,y.Ch>xD.

‘fyRS oHwz.b.w>rRvRuyDRtod;ySRtd.rl’;H wz.’D;trgvXtrlw>h

wHo&.cFg< u0DR (7 ) ySRxXzSd.w>

0JvXod.rSRH ’D;,y.cHzv k Xmt*D>zJtymvDRw>’k;tw>&J.usRJ wz.t

cJtRH [D.cd.w>’k;0HRtd.teH.CkqC H .C.vHI ySRtd.wh>’.xJweDR

pDRprH;’dtd.zsJ.xD.zJ 1906 eH.< vged.0hbX. 27 oD ‘D; EkmvDRok;zJ

vXuD>th’,.ok;tcJ’rh.tpdRyD> (w>pH.pdRwJpRd ) tylRw>rRvdt0J

zJ 1939 eH.< vg’H.phbX. (19) oDteHRok;cd.tHR’d;wh’d;zsDto;’D;

1949 vg,ElRtg&H. 4 oDuD>y,DRM>w>obs›vXtJuvH;y’d.’D;

‘f t w>uG J ; eD . vXweH R b.weH R vH m uG J ; eD . b.w>qS X xD . ql

,EkmvDRuD>y,DRok;rk>’d. Burma Army zJvgtD;uxdbX. 19 oD

zJyvJRqS.0hR0DRw>vX0;uD>pJ.tylR,ySRok;zdpRD o.xhvRD uGmH vXoX

wkRrh>,[JuRh qlr.h rF;d ’D;yb.w>ok;ySRqlr.h uv.’l.< 0h>wul.’D;

vXw>[JuRh qlu>D y,DRtHR,rl’grh>0J’of ;d ,u[JuRh qJ;usX’D;pDRbD

Seagrim ‘D; L.T pDRb;uF.

Office vX,uxD.w>rRvdvX (Q) tw>rRvdtvD>wkRrR0HR(Q

zJ,EkmvDRok;tHR,eD>up>eD.*H>rh>0J 1231 ( W/884 Burma Signals)

Shillong (Assam)uD>pJ.tylRzJvgtD;uxdbX. 1944 eH.M.vDRI 0HRt

,td.zs.J vXo0Du’J; (uwdu k )f uF;J v;uD>q.zF.yl.uD>&h.ys.› xHx.

ok;b.’dvXw>rJmngwz.[JwRk zS.d yb.uG>rRuqSt D ylRvD>< zXEkmu

xHu>D zdt.d zJtRH wz.ud;vDRo;vXubH. Kasie uvkmrh>’. Assam

’Xrk>zJ&rd ;upX>vdRbl;’D;0h>und;uG‹vRD I ytd.zJM.tcgyvJR[;ql’l

zJM.tcgzk.cD.wz.CkvRJ cDqrl >k xD.wuyR< ySRc;pJ;_y;J wz.vlRcd;c;

tvD>cHy[JuRh zJyud0>h rHweR’D;ySRqSXu’guhRySRql0>h wul.0HRw>xk;

HDML td.b.wvgcHvgtgbs’D ;D zJ,td.vXcdtcg,b.vJRcd;rl’gw

y0JunDoX*RuFD.±S<› 0grd.’D;,Ry’d;xD.ubD BISN zJ0h>wul.cDzsd

wxH.uRqhb.I td.xJtvJvRD I vJRql0>h tcgr;uRxD.0Jtqh<

,[JwRk vXbDet H .d Borneo rh>pUz;’d.wpU’;D w>yXtDRvXySRcHuvkmI

o0DwzsX.rh>ySR Dayak o0Dt0Jo.h td.[H.wzsX.{dR’Do0DvRD I t[H.

’l.oXqHbs.J td.oud;0J[.H wzsX.CDvRD I [H.tcD.z;xD< CDt.d 0JcH

xD.b;tCd,oHu>G eRvDRI zJM.tcgywohuwdRrvhusmd tCdyw

yvJRrRw>p;xD.vX 1949 ‘D;,[;xD.[JuRh zJ 1952 ,[JuRh wkR

,td.’D;zkyRJ ’lwz.tcg,ChvRJ [;qlbs;H A’0J>uD>&h.’D;,[h.wh>rl

qD; KRC 0JRvD>vDRI ,vJRu’D;oh.bDbv

0HR’D;y’d.bH.bD,Rl zD’;D ok;cd.xlxv

’k,uvJRvDRI yySRuvkm[;xD.qlu>D csXweDRvHI wrs;u,Rr;w

zdwz.rRoHumHG (Maj. Nie Moe ‘D; Maj. Maclinton) 0HRvXcHuRh M.zD.

Barren w*RwJ,RogtJ.’d;vJRpdmuGmH MqX. (I want to pass nature)

tD.vXySRtcgyzD.M>tDRzJo0DtCXRM.vDRI o0Dz[ d .h w>tD.0HRo

t0JwJ,R ?b.uuJxD.{g/ ’D;,wJtDR ?uGJ;M>,RxJvHmzdwbh.

zJy[Jx.D qlo;k uh0RJ vD>cd.oh.tcgok;cd.’d.tX.vDR,RvXu[h.0J

tcgzJM.o0Dzwd z.Ch>ymwh>uGmH ’lo0Dcv J Xmb.Ch>td.clo.l vXcJc.d

Barrel uhRu’guhRql0>h wul.’D;qlt’

pDRzJ,gzsŒ (Saw Fair Play)

,RpDRzJ,gzs›rwh rh>uFeD f (John) tHRtd.zsJ.xD.zJvgtD;uxdbX. 22

,p;xD.rRvduhRw>zJ (Morrow Karen High School Tavoy) ‘D;,

uD>y,DRM.,y.EkmvDRqd’;D cDu>D qXtqduwX>zJuqD0g< bDw>H zJu.DF

tCdzrJ >k eR (12) e.&H.M.< ywkRonD.qH.o0D<‘D;vX*DRywkRtJ;tJ;

wR’D;yok;cd.wRorHord;ySR< tDuzH s.D cHxX.0HRb.xD.qlov d .h ylR

y’k;rh>rF;d 0h>0HRvXySRzD.M>y,DRok;cd.tR (30) tusgwR’D;yok;cd.

yb.zD. (60) Rtusgy0JtRwqHqXS ySRql0>h wul.< thp.h Cdm’D;vh.

vXcHyoud;tRwqHM.xk;xD.0JcH RcH*R’D;qSX0Jq’l X;t’d.vXySRtd.