Abdominal cavity & Posterior Abdominal wall…

‫بسم ال الرحمن الرحيم‬

.…… In the last lecture we covered the anteirolaterl and the abdominal wall

Now we start to talk about the abdominal cavity and we finished up by talk about the
..……… posterior abdominal wall

. Tab3an ba3ed 7aki kter 3an el practical exam

O balashna …….:P .……3……2……1

we introduce to you the idea of serous membrane in the introduction we told serous
membrane are made of mesothelium they take a shape of closed sac and we don’t tear
.… them and put the organ inside …..No

Organ invaginate these membrane and these lead to arrangement of having two layer of
..…membrane
parietal: lining internal abdominal wall .1
(visceral : lining abdominal organ (visara .2

Serous: liquid
Serous membrane: fluid filled sac to reduce friction

We studied the pleura and serous pericardium membrane which is also a serous
……membrane

Now we will study the serous membrane in the abdomen …we call it the peritoneum so
…… serous membrane have special name in different location

In the abdominal cavity, some of the organs are moving like stomach and small intestine
and in the abdomen there is a muscle which contract and make movement so we need a
fluid filled sac to reduce friction because the movement that come from a abdominal wall
. during wall during muscle contraction

Note : the liver which is not movable ….But when you move the abdominal wall
move and touch it and make friction….so we have fluid filled sac to reduce this
friction so it cover the most of the abdominal wall organ whether they are movable
..……or non- movable

?Q: does the peritoneal contain any organs

No ….so when I say or describe an organ as being intra peritoneal ….i don’t mean that
.inside the peritoneal cavity ….i mean it surrounded by the peritoneal membrane
When we took a cross section through the abdomen you see the peritoneal and the organ
invaginate this membrane (liver ,stomach, spleen ) but you notice some organ like the
kidney they are not surrounded by peritoneal so you cant say it intra peritoneal we call it
..… retro peritoneal

..…Sooo
The structure which is completely covered by peritoneum is called intra peritoneum…
(,(Covered bay visceral layer from tow side ant, and post
.E.g.…stomach, spleen, jejunum, ileum

The structure which is not completely covered by the peritoneum is called retro
(peritoneum (only ant. To organ
.…E.g. : kidney, pancreases ,ascending and descending colons

.…So we start to talk about the peritoneal cavity as just I said we have two part

.…main part : greater sac which is anterior to the stomach *

(…small part that continue the stomach :lesser sac (post to the stomach *

…… (both they communicate at an opening (epiploic foramen

(.epiploic foramen (foramen of Winslow connect the greater sac with the lesser sac

:Boundaries of foramen of Winslow

Ant: the portal trial (portal vein that return blood from intestine to the liver hepatic (1
..…artery that bring oxygenated blood to the liver
(..…Bile duct that take bile from the liver down to the intestine

Post : IVC (2
(Sup : the liver (caudate lobe of the liver (3
Inf: the duodenum (4

We have to divide the peritoneum to specific part according to what structure they are
..…covering
The part of the peritoneum that cover the stomach omentum like an (apron .
(:maryaleh :p
(Peritoneum covering small intestine (mesentery .
(Peritoneum covering large intestine (mesocolon .
(Peritoneum covering liver or spleen (ligament .

.…The stomach has lesser curvature (located superiorly) and greater curvature *

.… Peritoneum that go anterior to the lesser curvature we call it lesser omentum

…Peritoneum that continue from greater curvature we call it greater omentum

As the lesser omentum arrives to the liver it will be called ligament

.Omentum is double layer sheet because there are two layers around the stomach

.As they join there will be two visceral layer of peritoneum

…The omentum connect the stomach to another abdominal organ

:(Intra abdominal fat (adipose tissue

Accumulation of fat around the greater omentum as it come down from the stomach
( ‫) لونة اصفر‬

… Then ,when they reach the transverse colon they open and called mesocolon

…Lesser omentum attach at its end to the duodenum that go to the liver

As it attach to the duodenum it will not be called omentum because it is not attached to
the stomach any more
It will be called hepatoduodenal ligament

Hepatoduodenal ligament is the free margin of lesser omentum

Mesentery : double layer of peritoneum connect small intestine to posterior abdominal

.wall mesentery of small intestine
Mesocolon : double layer of peritoneum connect larg intestine to posterior abdominal
wall
Transverse mesocolone
Sigmoid mesocolone
Mesoapendix

?Q: what about ascending and desending meso colon

We call it ascending and descending mesocolon ….!!! 
No…because these part are reteroperitonel

.…Soo
Mesentery :covering small intestine
Mesocolon : covering large intestine

ligament attached to the liver *

falciform ligament : attach the liver with anterior abdominal wall
(falci>>>>sickle shape)
the end of the falciform ligament enclose another ligament which is not part of the
( peritoneum (ligament terse) or (round ligament of the liver

(GIT)
.… esophagus , stomach, small intestine, large intestine
…Of course we have another part but these what we covered in the abdomen
…Now start in esophagus
Esophagus enter the abdomen through esophageal opining which is a sling of the right
(curs of the diaphragm at (T 10

The length of the esophagus is about 25 cm only les than 2 cm enter the abdomen and
(terminate at the cardiac orifice (T 11

(stomach: (intra peritoneal

:regions 4
the smallest region (cardia) it is sup . area where esophagus meet the stomach .1
. dome shape fundus is the must superior part .2
body : main part of the stomach extend from cardiac orifice down to a small notch .3
.( called incisure's angular (small notch in the lower part of lesser curvature

( pylorus : (gate guard .4

: made of two subdivision
pyloric antrum : extend from incisure's angularis to pylorus
. pyloric canal : cavity of the pylorus

: ( opening 2)

:cardiac orifice
( between esophagus and stomach( physiologic sphincter
mean it is has a function

:pyloric orifice
(between stomach and duodenum (physiological and anatomical sphincter
.Anatomical sphincter : which mean thickened circular muscular layer

The stomach have two curvature

Lesser curvature: smaller one, cancave on right side -
greater curvature: largest one, on the left side and convex -

: stomach consist of three layers

outer layer : longitudinal fiber.1

middle layer: circular fiber.2
inner layer :oblique fiber.3

by contraction of this fibers that mechanical digestion occurs in the stomach just few
…drugs absorption in the stomach most of absorption in the intestine
. small intestine: longest part of the GIT
: three part
duodenum .1
jejunum .2
Ileum .3

???The length is about 10 meter but of course is shorter in living individual why
Because of muscle tone (minimal contraction in muscle fiber) this tone is decrease in
.… length of the small intestine in living individual

:Duodenum
(Retroperitoneal except wher it attach by the (hepatodudenal ligament

: It composed of four main part

Superior part (1
Descending part (2
Ascending part (3
Inferior part (4

:( sup . part (horizontal .1

it is the first part -
it is directly attached to pylorus -
( it is at vertebral level of ( L 1 -

Descending part .2 :
( at the vertebral level of ( L2 – L3 -
it goes down in the right side of vertebral column and around the head of pancreas and
receive bile secretion from the liver and gallbladder and also receive secretion from
pancreas
the pancreatic duct and the bile duct from the liver they merge together as one duct to
empty in the descending duodenum or the second part of duodenum and that opening we
… call it the major papilla or ampulla's of vater
when we remove the pancreas we see the green structure is the pancreatic duct it merge
with the bile duct which come from the liver and gallbladder and they empty in the
duodenum and this main duct we call it ampulla's of vater
this major duodenal papilla we will see in the lumen of the duodenum not in the outer
… surface

The end
I recommend you to go to the slides for anything u didn't understand
Good luck every body and forgive me for any mistake
Bhdi hadi el lecture la a7la sa7beh bl denia 3athari luv u ya 2mar o el 5er be yali b2dro
rabna so el 7amdollah 3a kol shi

(O amon 5asawneh (bjanen el a5dar 3aleki ya wasema :P

Byname bashair el hersh fa 7sabek ba3den tete tete

!! Mastashfa !! ramadi !! mo fahmeh
(… ra7 nos 3omrek ah)
D :D:D:D:

( o shoroo8 ( shedi 7elek nshallah ma bde3lek ta3ab

b7b7 ….) ma nsetak ola bansak ya a7la shi be 7aiati (laith) thnx 3a kol shi o 3'alabtak)
..……… ma3i be teba3et hal mo7adara o dayman m3'alebtak bs t7amalni l2ni 8adarak
jad thnx 

:done by
yara magableh 