jiytupd;

topapy;
vdJ ghjq;fspy;
gadpf;fpNwd;

V.vy;.jtk;
jtprhsu;
gpuNjr rig
mf;fiug;gw;W

jiytupd; topapy; vdJ ghjq;fspy; gazpf;fpNwd;.

 ntspaPL
njd;fpof;Fg; gy;fiyf; fof gl;ljhupfs; ikak;
mf;fiug;gw;W.
2010.09.

Mtzf;;Fwpg;G: jiytupd; topapy; vdJ ghjq;fspy; gazpf;fpNwd;.

gjpg;ghsH: vk;.v];.vk;. gp\;upd; gjpg;Gupik: njd;fpof;F gy;fiyf; fof gl;ljhupfs;
ikak; Kjw;gjpg;G: 2010 gf;fq;fs;: 37 vOj;J: mfuhjp> rhUNfrp
tbtikg;G: APEX Technical Institute, Akkaraipattu mr;Rf;Nfhg;G: epA+ nryf;\d;>
mf;fiug;gw;W ntspaPL: njd;fpof;F gy;fiyf; fof gl;ljhupfs; ikak;> mf;fiug;gw;W
njhlHG top: graduatesakp@gmail.com

,/J -
njd;fpof;Fg; gy;fiyf; fof gl;ljhupfs; ikak;.
mf;fiug;gw;W.
2010.09.23
graduatesakp@gmail.com

jiytupd; topapy; vdJ ghjq;fspy; gazpf;fpNwd;.

 Kd;Diu

FWthj murpay; rpe;jidfs;> mjNdhL ,iae;j elj;ij Nfhytpay;Gfs;> mjd; tpisTfs;

gw;wpnay;yhk; mwpe;Jk; mDgtpj;Jk; nfhz;bUf;Fk; r%fj;jsj;jpy;> mwptpay; jsk; xd;wpd;
Mzpj;jukhd fl;likg;G> mjd; kPjhd r%f Gduikg;G Nfhyq;fspd; NjitfisAk; czHe;J
epw;Fk;> Ntz;b epw;Fk; fhyfl;lk; ,Jntd;gjpy; gy mwptpay; rhH ez;gHfs; Ngjq;
nfhs;skhl;lhHfs; vd epidf;fpNwhk;.

,t;thwhdnjhU rfj;jpuj;jpy;> r%fk;rhH tplaq;fspd; mwptpay; jsk; vJ ntd;gJk;> mJ gw;wp

r%f gpuf;iQAs;stHfSf;F vLj;Jf;$WtJk; vkJ flikfspy; xd;whf fUJfpNwhk;.

r%fk; vd;gJ vg;NghJk; jdJ tplaq;fspy; Njq;fp epw;Fk; ,ay;ghdjd;W@ mjw;F xU

,aq;fpay; ntspg;ghL ,Uf;fpwJ. r%f epWtdq;fSk;> jdpegHfSk; ,jpy; gq;nfLf;fpwhHfs;.
ejpf;fiuNahuj;J ehfupfq;fspy; tho;e;j kf;fs; FOkj;jpd; r%ftpaw; gz;G khw;wkile;J>
,d;W gpd; etPd fhyj;Js; gazpf;fpwJ vd;gJ Kjd;ikahd cz;ikahFk;. ,e;jg;
gpd;dzpapy; jhd; ehk; ekJ mf;fiug;gw;W kz;iz mZfNtz;ba Njit cs;sJ.

mf;fiug;gw;Wk; mjd; kf;fs; njhFjpapdUk;> Njrpa murpay; jsj;Jf;F toq;fpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;

tfpghfKk;> ,g;gpuNjrj;jpd; jw;Nghija Gwtakhd ,ay;Gk;> ,d;W ,g;gb vk;ikg; Ngrj;
J}z;bapUf;fpwJ. ,jidr; nrhy;tjhapd;> FWthj murpay; czHTfs; fisag;gl Ntz;Lk;@
kdq;fs; mwptpay; gug;Gf;Fs; mfy tpupa Ntz;Lk;@ jdpkdpj vjpHthjq;fs; GwnkhJf;fg;gl
Ntz;Lk;@ ,e;jg; gz;G rhH elj;ijAs;stHfs; kl;LNk ,e;j Mtzj;ij thrpf;fj;
jFjpahdtuhfpwhHfs;.

ekJ mf;fiug;gw;W Njrpa murpaypy; ,yq;FtJ jiytH mjhcy;yhtpd; murpay;

rhzf;fpaj;jhy; jhd; vd;gij kWf;fhj vtUk;> gpuhe;jpa uPjpapy; ekJ kz;zpd;
Kw;Nghf;Ff;Ff; fhuzkhdtH@ Njrpa jiytH mjhcy;yhtpd; topepd;W gazpf;fpd;w> ekJ
gpuNjr jtprhsH V.vy;. jtk; vd;gij Vw;Wf; nfhs;tH. Vnddpy;> jiytupd; murpay; ghriw
FWthj> gpuNjrthj> jdpthj kw;Wk; vjpHthj murpay; rpe;jidfSf;F Kw;Wg; Gs;spitj;jJ
vg;NghNjh ele;J tpl;lJ.
kf;fspd; murpay; gq;Fgw;Wjy; Muk;gpf;Fk; ,lk;;> me;j kf;fs; Neubahf njhlHGgLfpd;w
gpuNjrj;jpd; MSifia nfhz;bUf;fpd;w cs;@H mjpfhu rigfshFk;. ,t;thwhd
gpd;dzpapy; ekJ mf;fiug;gw;W gpuNjr rig gy Mz;Lfhy tuyhw;wpid nfhz;lJ. xt;nthU
fhyfl;lj;jpYk; njupT nra;ag;gl;ltHfs;> jiyik nfhLj;jtHfs; fhy #o;epiyfSf;F
Vw;gTk; jkJ Ntiyahw;Wk; jpwd;fspd; mbg;gilapYk; rpy Ntiyfis nra;jdH vd;gjid
ehk; ,q;F epidT $wNtz;bAs;sJ. vt;thwhapDk;> \\mf;fiug;gw;W gpuNjr rig|| vd;gJ
vy;NyhH kdjpYk; gjpe;j fhyk; kpf mz;ikf;fhykhFk;. ,jw;F vd;d fhuzkhf ,Uf;Fk;
vd;gij> kd ,Lf;Ffis mfw;wp tpl;L Nahrpj;jhy;> gpuNjr rigapd; jiyik kPJ cq;fsJ
ftdk; nry;;Ytij czuyhk;. \\vwpaj; njupe;jtdpd; ifapy; nghy;Y ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;||
vd;gJk; Qhgfj;Jf;F tUk;.

jiytupd; topapy; vdJ ghjq;fspy; gazpf;fpNwd;.

nghJthf gpuNjr rignahd;wpd; eltbf;iffis vLj;Jg; ghHj;jhy;> mJ gw;wp ekf;F
Gyg;gLtJ@ mit gy;Gfisg; NghLtJ> ,iwr;rpf; filfis elj;JtJ Nghd;wdthFk;.
Mdhy;> ,tw;iwf; fle;J ,d;Dk; gy Mf;fG+Htkhd tplaq;fis nra;tjw;F mf;fiug;gw;W
gpuNjr rigf;F ,aYikia je;jJ V.vy;. jtk; mtHfspd; gpuNjr jtprhsH vd;w
ghj;jpuj;jpd; gpd;duhFk; vd;gij> jdpkdpj vjpHthjq;fspy; ,Ue;J tpLgl;ltHfSk; FWthj
murpay; rpe;jidaw;wtHfSk; Gupe;J nfhs;thHfs;.

V.vy;. jtk; vd;gtupd; r%ftpay; ghHit vd;gJk;> jdJ r%fj;Jf;F jd;dhy; ,aYkhdij
nra;aNtz;Lk; vd;gJk;> mtuJ ghlrhiy ehl;fspy; ,Ue;Nj Muk;gkhdJ. jd;Dila
vOj;ij r%f Gduikg;gpw;fhd xU fUtpahf mtH gad;gLj;jpapUe;jhH. ,J md;wpUe;j r%f
Nfhytpay;Gf;F Vw;wjhf ,Ue;jJ. ,tw;iw mtupd; rkfhy ez;gHfs; Qhgfg;gLj;jpf;
nfhs;thHfs; vd epidf;fpNwhk;.

r%fj;Jf;fhf vijahtJ nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;why;> murpay; mjpfhuk;; Njit vd;gij

vy;NyhUk; czHe;jpUe;j fhyj;jpy;> jd;idAk; mtH murpay; mjpfhuj;jpid Nehf;fpr; nry;Yk;
ghriwfspy; ,izj;J tsHj;Jf; nfhz;lhH vd;gjid kiwf;f KbahJ. ,t;thW gazpj;Jf;
nfhz;bUe;j jWthapy; gy;fiyf; fof jupg;gplk; te;jJk;> r%fk; rhHghd tplaq;fis
Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;tjw;fhd fl;Lr;rhjdq;fis mq;NfNa jahHgLj;jp> VidNahiuAk;
tpopg;gilar; nra;jhnud;gJk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. ,f;fhyg; gFjpapy; mtNuhL $l ,Ue;jtHfs;
ehq;fs; vd;gij ngUikNahL epidT$HfpNwhk;.

gaq;futhj gpur;rpidfSf;fhd epthuzq;fspYk; rkhjhdg; Ngr;RthHj;ijfspYk;> K];ypk;

r%fk; Xuq;fl;lg;gLtjid vjpHj;J> K];ypk; murpay; nra;gtHfisAk;; Njrj;ijAk;;
rHtNjrj;ijAk;> ,yq;if K];ypk;fspd; gf;fk; jpUk;g itj;jJ@ ,tH jiyik nfhLj;J
elhj;jpa xYtpy; gpufldNk vd;gjid kWf;f KbahJ. ,jw;F murpay; gj;jpahsHfshd
D.B.S. n[auh[;> N.M. rptuhk;> yre;j tpf;fpukJq;f Nghd;Nwhupd; vOj;Jf;fs; kpfj;njspthd
rhl;rpfshFk; vd;gjid $wpf;nfhs;s tpUk;GfpNwhk;.

,t;thW> jdf;F fpilj;j re;jHg;gq;fspnyy;yhk; jdJ r%fj;jpd; tpbTf;fhf ghLgl;L

ciof;Fk; V.vy;. jtk; mtHfspd;> mf;fiug;gw;W gpuNjr rig jtprhsH vDk; ghj;jpuk;>
mtuJ jdpkdpj MSikf;F ,d;Dk; nkUfpid jUfpd;wJ. ,tupd; murpay; gpuNtrj;jpw;Fg;
gpd;dH gpuNjr rigapid topelhj;Jk; tpjKk;> mf;fiug;gw;Wf;F kpf Kf;fpakhd Njitahf>
mwptpay; rhH r%fk; fUJfpd;w tplaq;fspd; kPJ ,tH nfhz;Ls;s Kidg;Gk; mZFKiwfSk;
fhyj;jpd; NjitfshFk;.

jiytH mjhcy;yhtpd; MNyhridfspd; gb jdJ gpuNjr Kfhikj;Jtj;jpidAk;>

xOq;fikg;gpidAk; ,tH jdJ MSikapd; %yk; Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;fpwhH vd;gjid kWf;f
KbahJ. FWthj murpay; rpe;jidAs;stHfs; kdg;gpuhe;jpapd; fhuzkhf ,tw;iw kiwf;f
Kw;gLtijAk;> NrW G+Rk; eltbf;iffspy; <LgLtijAk; iffl;bf; nfhz;L ghHj;jpUf;f
KbahJ. ,e;j tplaq;fis ePq;fSk; tpsq;fpf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhf> mLj;j
gf;fj;jpid Gul;b thrpj;J GupeJ
; nfhs;s toptpLfpNwhk;.

jiytupd; topapy; vdJ ghjq;fspy; gazpf;fpNwd;.

jiytupd; topapy; vdJ ghjq;fspy; gazpf;fpNwd;.
 “vdf;Fk; fdTfs; ,Ue;jd; fw;gidapd; ,wf;iffis tpupj;J
gwe;jpUf;fpNwd;; mit ntWk; fdTfsy;y; fw;gidAk; tPzhdJ my;y.
ez;gu;fNshL> cly;fspy; GOjp gbAk; nta;apy; fhyq;fspYk;> njUf;fspy;
kPd; cyhTk; kiof;fhyq;fspYk;> ,e;j Cupd; njUf;fspy; cytpa kwf;f
Kbahj me;j ,dpa gs;spf; fhyq;fspy; kdjpy; thu;j;j fdTfs; mit;
epidTfspy; gwe;j fw;gidfs; mit; ngw;Nwhu;fisf; fz;zpag;gLj;j
Mir nfhs;Sk; kdq;fspYk; - gpwe;j kz;izf; fhjy; nfhs;Sk;
rpe;jidfspYk; tUgit> ,e;jf; fdTfSk; fw;gidfSk;.”

mg;NghJ> epide;jpuhj Xu; ,lj;jpy; - xU gjtpapy; - vd;idf; nfhz;L te;J

Nru;j;jJ ,iwtdpd; ehl;lk;jhd;. J}a vz;zq;fs; cau;e;j gjtpfis toq;fp> xU
kdpjidf; fz;zpag;gLj;JfpwJ vd;gJ> ehd; czu;e;j mEgtk;. “my;`k;Jypy;yh`;>
my;yh`; ngupatd;”.

mwptpay; Mok; nfhz;l Gj;jp [PtpfisAk;> mjp cd;dj murpay; ,urid nfhz;l
fiyj;Jt kdpju;fisAk; nfhz;l - ,e;j Ciu epu;tfpf;fpd;w nghWg;G vdf;Ff; fpilj;j
nghOJ - mr;rKk; kfpo;rr
; pAk; vd;id tij nra;jd.

Gj;jp [Ptpfs; tpae;J NghFksT> epu;thff; fl;likg;ig cUthf;FtJ mt;tsT ,yFthd

fhupakd;W vd;gJ vdf;Fj; njupe;Nj ,Ue;jJ. mJ Nghy;> kpifj;j fiyj;Jt kdk;
nfhz;ltu;fs; yapj;Jg; NghFk; Cupd; mofpay; xOq;fikg;ig kPl;LUthf;fk; nra;tJk;>
,yFthd nraw;ghL my;y vd;Wk; ehd; njupe;jpUe;Njd;. ,e;j ,U tiff;
fl;likg;Gf;fisAk; Neu;j;jpahfr; nra;tNj> mf;fiug;gw;W kf;fs; vdf;Fj; je;j gjtpapd;
Kf;fpa nraw;ghL vd ehd; czu;e;Njd;. mf;fiug;gw;iwg; nghWj;jkl;by; J}u Nehf;Fila
epu;thf xOq;F gLj;jYk; - murpay; ftu;r;rp kpf;f #oy; mikTfSk;jhd; - ,e;jg;
gjtpapd; ngWkhdj;ijj; jPu;khdpf;Fk; vd;Wk; mwpe;jpUe;Njd;.

mf;fiug;gw;W njhlu;ghd mwptpay; kw;Wk; mofpay; vd;fpd;w kpf Mokhd Gupjy;;fs;>

ekJ jiytu; mikr;ru; mjhcy;yh mtu; topapy; vd;id te;jile;jd. kdjpd; Mokhd
,lq;fs; tiu gha;e;J nrd;W> vdf;Fs; vdJ fdTfisAk; fw;gidfisAk; cwq;f
tplhky; jl;b vOg;gpf; nfhz;NlapUf;fpd;wd.

kpifj;j fiy kdk; nfhz;l ekJ Cupy;> khngUk; fw;gidAk; mofpay; kdKk; nfhz;l
jiytupd; epu;khzq;fs; xt;nthd;Wk; xt;nthU ftpij. murpay; QhdKk;> mDgt
mwptpd; MoKk; nfhz;l kf;fs; trpf;fpd;w ekJ}upy;> kpfr; rupahd vjpu;fhyj;ijr; Rl;bf;
fhl;Lk; jPu;f;fjuprdk; ekJ jiytupd; KbTfspD}lhf ehk; fz;L nfhs;fpd;w ghlq;fs;jhd;.
,e;jg; ghlq;fSk;> mEgtq;fSk; vd;id ,d;Dk; Mokha;r; nrJf;fpd. fdTfis

jiytupd; topapy; vdJ ghjq;fspy; gazpf;fpNwd;.

tprhyg;gLj;jTk;> fw;gidfis nkUFgLj;jTkhd mwptpay; Njl;lj;ij Nehf;fp vd;id
top elhj;jpd. ehDk; ,g;ghijapy; elf;fj; njhlq;fpNdd;.

85fspy; ekJ ,jaj;ij frf;fpg; gpope;j> ekJ nghJr; re;ij kw;Wk; g]; epiya
vupg;Gf;fhd epthuzKk; epHkhzKk; ekf;F Ntz;Lk; vd vd;zpNdd;. mjid fdthf;fpf;
nfhz;Nld;

90fspy; ehk; ,oe;j nghJ E}yfKk;> gpuNjr rig mYtyfKk; etPd trjpfNshL ekf;F
Ntz;Lk;. mjw;fhf vij tpiyahff; nfhLf;fTk; jahuhNdd;. ekJ kz;Zf;Fk; ikjhdk;
Ntz;Lk;. ek; ,isQHfs;> ,q;fy;y@ vq;Nfhnty;yhk; tpisahl Ntz;Lk;
vd;nwz;zpNdd;. mjidAk; fdthf;fpf; nfhz;Nld;.

,e;j Cu; kf;fspd; Rw;Wr; #oy; Rj;jg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd epidj;Jf; nfhz;Nld;.

mij> epiwNtw;Wk; xU rgjkhfTk; fUjpf; nfhz;Nld;. jpl;lkplg;gl;l tbfhyikg;G
,y;yhjjhy; kpjf;Fk; ,e;j Ciu> mjpypUe;J fiuNaw;w Ntz;Lk; vd cWjp nfhz;Nld;.
“tpUk;gpa gbnay;yhk; tPjpfisg; Nghlyhk;” vd;W fle;j fhyq;fspy; ele;Njwpa
gpioahd epu;thfj; jpl;lq;fspdhy;> tPLfs; Fsq;fsha; khwpapUe;jd. mjpypUe;J> ,e;j Cu;
kf;fis kPl;nlLf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W jplrq;fw;gk; G+z;Nld;.

,j;jid fdTfNshLk;> vj;jidNah jpl;lq;fNshLk;jhd; ehd; gpuNjr rigf;Fs; fhyb

vLj;J itj;Njd;. \cldbahfr; nraw;gLj;jf; $ba jpl;lq;fs; - ePzl
; fhyj;jpy;
nraw;gLj;jp Kbf;Fk; jpl;lq;fs; - vd vdJ fdTfis tbtikj;Nj ehd; ,e;jg;
gjtpiag; nghWg;Ngw;Nwd;|.

Mdhy;> mq;F vdf;Fg; ngUk; mjpHr;rpNa fhj;jpUe;jJ. ePzl

; ehs; Aj;jj;jpy; Nrjkile;J
iftplg;gl;l xU gpuNjrj;ijg; Nghy> ekJ gpuNjr rig fple;jJ. xU Nehahspiaf;
ifNaw;gJ Nghy> ehd; gpuNjr rigiag; nghWg;ngLj;Njd;. gpuNjr rigia
rupg;gLj;JtjpYk;> Fzg;gLj;JtjpYk; fhyq;fis tPzbf;f Ntz;bapUe;jJ. ehd; epidj;j
fdTfisr; nraw;gLj;j Ntz;Lnkd;why;> mjw;fikthf gpuNjr rigia xOq;F gLj;j
Ntz;bapUe;jJ. fhL ntl;b - Fsk; fl;b - epyj;ijg; gjg;gLj;;jp - gapu; nra;a Ntz;ba
epiyf;Fj; js;sg;gl;Nld;.

“m”dhtpypUe;J Gjpjhf Muk;gpf;f Ntz;bapUe;jJ. ekJ rigapy; 1996 Mk; Mz;L

njhlq;fp 2006 Mk; Mz;L tiuahd - mjhtJ - xd;W ,uz;L tUlky;y - 10 tUlq;fs;
tiuahd - ,Wjpf; fzf;fwpf;iffs; Kbf;fg;glhkNy ,Ue;jd. tUkhdk;> nryT
njhlu;ghd rq;fjpfs; G+uzkhd gjpTfshf ,y;iy. gupkhw;wk; ele;jJ njhlu;ghd
tplaq;fSk; G+uzkhdjhf ,y;iy.

jiytupd; topapy; vdJ ghjq;fspy; gazpf;fpNwd;.

“nehb” xd;iwg; Nghl;L tpl;L> “Vz;lhf; fz;Lgpb” vd;W %j;jk;khkhu; nrhy;Ytijg;
NghyNt ,it ,Ue;jd. ngl;bf;fil elj;JgtDk; $l tUkhdk;> nryT> gupkhw;wq;fs;
njhlu;ghd G+uzkhd jfty;fis itj;jpUg;ghd;. gpuNjr rig vd;gJ ,e;j CiuNa
epu;tfpf;fpd;w Kf;fpakhd Xu; mur ,ae;jpuk;@ mq;F epu;thfk; ele;jjw;fhd Kf;fpa
jlaq;fs; vJTNk rupahf ,Uf;ftpy;iy. fle;j fhyq;fspy; gpuNjr rigf;F “,iwr;rpf;
fil elj;Jk; fe;Njhu;” vd;W nrhy;yf; Nfl;bUf;fpd;Nwd;. ,itfisnay;yhk; ghu;f;Fk;
NghJ> mJ cz;ik Nghy;jhd; Njhd;wpaJ.

,e;jg; gj;J tUl ,Wjpf; fzf;fwpf;ifiar; rup nra;tJ njhlu;gpy; Nahrpj;Njd;. \Vrpah
gTz;Nlrd;| (Asia Foundation) vd;fpd;w> ru;tNjr mur rhu;gw;w epWtdj;jpd; cjtpNahL
eptu;j;jp nra;J Kbj;Njd;. ,Wjpf; fzf;fwpf;iffs; G+uzkhfTk;> Neu;j;jpahfTk; rup
nra;ag;gl;l - fpof;F khfhz goiktha;e;j gpuNjr rigfspy; Kjd;ikahdJ - vd
Kd;Dupik ngWk; epiyf;F ,d;W ekJ rig khw;wg;gl;bUf;fpd;wJ.

midj;Jk; fzpdp kag;gLj;jg;gl;L> Ntz;ba jfty;fis kWfzj;jpy; njupe;J nfhs;Sk;

nghwpKiw cz;lhf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. fpof;F khfhzj;jpNyNa ,t;thwhd fzpdp nghwpKiw
mikg;G ekJ gpuNjr rigapy; khj;jpuk;jhDs;sJ vd;gJ ekf;F ngUik NrHf;fpwJ.

jiytupd; topapy; vdJ ghjq;fspy; gazpf;fpNwd;.

 g]; jupg;G epiya tshfk;

2006 Mk; Mz;L Nk khjk; 20 Me; jpfjp gpuNjr rigj; Nju;jy; eilngw;wJ. [{d; Mk;
khjk; 19 Me; jpfjp rj;jpag; gpukhzk; vLj;Jf; nfhz;Nlhk;. [{iy khjk; 17 Me; jpfjp
g]; js mgptpUj;jpapd; Muk;gkhf g]; epiya tshfj;ijr; Rw;wp Ntyp Nghlg;gl;lJ. ,J
jiytu; mtu;fNshL fye;Jiuahba gpd;Ng Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lJ. ,Ue;Jk;> gy jilfs;
njhlu;r;rpahf vk;ik rq;flg;gLj;jpd; fbdkhd rpf;fy;fis vk; Kd;Nd epWj;jpd.

Miyab Ntk;Gg; gpuNjr rig vkf;F vjpuhf tof;Fj; jhf;fy; nra;jJ. ePjp kd;wpd; jil
cj;jutpd; gpufhuk; Ntiyfs; ,il epWj;jg;gl;ld. mijAk; jhz;b - capu; mr;RWj;jy;fs;
- cstpay; rpf;fiy cUthf;Fk; tifahd mr;RWj;jy;fs; - gaq;futhjpfsplkpUe;Jk;>
,d;Dk; ,de; njupahj gyuplkpUe;Jk; njhlu;e;j tz;zk; ,Ue;jd.

,e;jj; jilfs;> rl;l uPjpahfTk;> Gupjy;fspD}lhfTk; kpf MNuhf;fpakhd epiyapy;

ePff
; g;gl;Lf; fle;J te;jpUf;fpwJ vkJ epu;thfk;. g]; epiyak; epu;khzpf;fg;gl;l ,e;j ,lk;>

jiytupd; topapy; vdJ ghjq;fspy; gazpf;fpNwd;.

\vg;NghJk; K];ypk; tu;j;jfu;fSf;Fr; nrhe;jkhd filj; njhFjpfisf; nfhz;bUe;jJ vd;w
mopah cz;ik| vkJ nraw;ghl;bw;Fr; rhl;rpahf epd;wJ. mJ Nghy> vkJ gpuNjr
rigaplNk me;j tu;;j;jf epiyaq;fs; tupAk;> thlifAk; nrYj;jp te;jpUe;jikAk;
gpwpnjhU rhl;rpahf vkf;F cjtpaJ.

,J jtpu> g]; epiyak; njhlu;ghf jiytuplKk;> vd;dplKk; kdr;rhl;rp kpf;f njspthd

vjpu;ghu;g;Gfs; ,Ue;jd. mjhtJ> “xU fhyk; te;J - jkpo; rNfhjuu;fSk;> K];ypk;fSk;
xw;Wikahf xU rpW kd cWj;jy; $l ,y;yhky; tho Ntz;Lkhapd;> \\K];ypk;fs;
jq;fsJ vijahtJ gwpj;Jf; nfhz;lhu;fs; vd;w cWj;jy; - jkpou;fsplKk;> jkpou;fs;
jq;fsJ vijahtJ gwpj;Jf; nfhz;lhu;fs; vd;w cWj;jy; - K];ypk;fsplKk; ,Uf;ff;
$lhJ|| vd;gjpy; ehk; cWjpahf ,Ue;Njhk;. mjw;fhfj;jhd; kd Rj;jpahd
Ngr;Rthu;j;ijfis Nkw;nfhz;Lk; - rl;l uPjpahd ePjpkd;w eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhz;Lk;
Fwpj;j gpur;rpidia rpf;fypy; ,Ue;J kPl;L njspTgLj;jpNdhk;. ,g;NghJ> vkJ gpuNjr
rigf;Fl;gl;l kf;fspd; eyDf;fhf khj;jpuky;y - ,g;gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; trpf;Fk; %d;W
r%fq;fSk; gad; ngWk; tifapy;> mq;F g]; jsk; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

ve;j Cupy; ,Ue;J te;jhYk;> ,e;j ,lj;jpy; jupf;fhky; Nghf KbahJ vd;fpd;w tifapy;
ekJ g]; jupg;G epiyak; mike;Js;sJ. ,J gy efuq;fspd; gpujhd tPjpfs; te;J \if
FYf;Fk;| Kf;fpa ,lk;. ,J ,e;jg; gpuhe;jpaj;jpd; \Kfg;G ntw;wpiy|. vdNt> ,ij NkYk;
NkYk; fiy eaKs;sjhfTk;> gazpfspd; fisg;ig MRthrg;gLj;Jk; tpjkhfTk;
moFgLj;j vz;zpAs;Nshk;.

87fSf;Fg;gpwF> murpay; ,yhgq;fSf;fhf Nkilfspy; khj;jpuk; Ngrg;gl;L te;j - ve;j

kPl;GKaw;rpfSk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;glhj - g]; jupg;G epiya tshfj;ij> ~xU Ks;Sk;
Kwpahky;| kPl;nlLf;f vkf;F ehba my;yh`;Tf;Nf vy;yhg;GfOk;.

jiytupd; topapy; vdJ ghjq;fspy; gazpf;fpNwd;.

 jpz;kf; fopT
gioa epiy

jpz;kf;foptpid (Fg;igfis) mfw;Wjy; vd;gJ rhjhuz tplakhfj;jhd; gyUf;Fj;

njupfpwJ. rpyu; Rj;jj;NjhL njhlu;GgLj;jpg; ghu;f;fpwhu;fs;. kf;fspd; tPL tiu nrd;W>
jpz;kf; foptpid mfw;Wjy; xU ngWkjpkpf;f Nrit vd rpyu; fUJfpd;whu;fs;. jpz;kf;
fopT mfw;Wjy; vd;w nraw;ghl;by; - gpuNjr kf;fSf;F - mtu;fs; fUJfpd;w ,e;jf;
fUj;Jf;fs; XusT nghUe;jf; $baJjhd;. MapDk;> ,jw;F NkYk; gy tplaq;fisf;
fw;gidahff; nfhz;L tbtikf;fg;gl;l xU jpl;lk;jhd; ,J.

jpz;kf; fopT mfw;Wjy; vd;gJ> jpBnud thdj;jpypUe;J Fjpj;J te;J> vdJ rpe;jidapy;
cjpj;j tplaNkh my;yJ cyfpy; vq;Fk; ,y;yhj xU GJf; fz;Lgpbg;Ngh my;y. mJ gy
Njrq;fspy; - gy ehLfspy; - nraypy; cs;s xU tplak;jhd;. ,e;j tifapy; ghu;f;Fk;
NghJ> vdJ epu;thfj;jpy; ,J xd;Wk; ngUk; rhjiday;y vd;Wjhd; ahUk; fUJthHfs;.
Mdhy;> ngUk; tsu;r;rpaile;j ehLfspy; $l jpz;kf; fopT mfw;Wtjw;F Vw;gLk;
rpukq;fis ehk; mwpNthkh? mNj Neuk;> \,d;W Aj;jj;jpw;F mLj;jgbahf fopTfspdhy;
Vw;gLk; tpisTfspdhNy cyfk; mjpfk; ghjpg;Gf;Fs;shfpwJ| vd ek;kpy; vj;jid Ngu;

jiytupd; topapy; vdJ ghjq;fspy; gazpf;fpNwd;.

,d;iwa epiy

czu;fpd;Nwhk;. mz;ikapy;> nld;khHf;fpy; ,lk; ngw;w NfhgN`d; khehL ,jw;F xU

rpwe;j cjhuzkhFk;.

mf;fiug;gw;wpy; jpz;kf; fopT mfw;WtJ njhlu;ghd vdJ rpe;jidf;F Nkw;$wg;gl;l

fhuzq;fs; jtpu> ,d;Dk; gy fhuzq;fSk; cs;sd. Fg;igfs; ,y;yhky; ,Uf;Fk;
gpuNjrk; rhjhuzkhfNt moiff; nfhz;bUf;Fk; vd;gJ XH mofpay; kjpg;gL P . kl;Lkd;wp>
mf;fiug;gw;wpy; tbfhd; kw;Wk; tPjpfs; Nghd;wit xOq;F gLj;jg;gl;l G+uzkhditahf
,y;yhikahy; CUf;Fs; ePzl ; ehl;fs; ePH Njq;fp epd;W> jpz;kf;fopTfSld; fye;J
gyNeha;fs; cUthfTk; - gutTk; - toptFg;gNjhL> me;jf;fyitfspd; Clhf> Vw;gLk;
JHehw;wk; mUtUg;igAk;> Rfhjhukw;w #oiyAk; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ vd;gjhYk;> ,jpypUe;J
vkJ kf;fisf; fhg;ghw;w Ntz;Lkhapd;> jpz;kf;fopit mfw;Wjy; kpfTk; mtrpankd
czHe;Njd;.
mJkl;Lky;yhky;> tPLfspNy NrUfpd;w jpz;kf;fopTfis mfw;WtJk;> me;j jpz;kf;fopT
gw;wpa rpe;jidapy; rjh %o;fpagb ,Ug;gJTk; ngz;fs;jhd;. tPL thry; Nghd;wtw;wpd;
mfk; kw;Wk; Gw moF> Rj;jk;> guhkupg;G ngz;fsplNk ,Uf;fpd;wd. mtu;fSf;Nf ,e;jj;
jpz;kf; fopT mfw;Wtjd; ngWkjp mjpfk; GupAk;. mNj Neuk;> mtu;fspd; RikAk;

jiytupd; topapy; vdJ ghjq;fspy; gazpf;fpNwd;.

FiwAk; vd gy Kf;fpa fhuzq;fs; jpz;kf; fopT mfw;WtJ njhlu;ghd xOq;F
gLj;jg;gl;l> jpl;lkpl;l nrayhf;f tiuig cUthf;fp eilKiwg;gLj;j vd;idj; J}z;baJ.

,j;jpz;kf; fopT mfw;Wjy; vd;w nraw;ghL Nfhup epw;fpd;w rpf;fy;fs; gy cs;sd. Mszp
- thfdk; - mjw;Fr; nrythFk; gzk; - ,J tsu;r;rpaile;j ehLfNs jpz;lhLk; xU
nraw;ghlhFk;. kpfTk; JzpNthLjhd; ,wq;fpNdd;. ehd; gpuNjr rig epu;thfj;ijf;
ifNaw;Fk;NghJ> %d;Nw %d;W coT ,ae;jpuq;fs; khj;jpuNk ,Ue;jd. mtw;wpy; ,uz;L
cuypy; ,Ue;jd. ,tw;iw itj;Jf; nfhz;L> Xu; Cupd;> nkhj;jj; jpz;kf; fopTfisAk;
mfw;w KbahJ vd;gJ rpW gps;isf;Fk; njupAk;. vdNt> ,e;j %d;iwAk; Vohfg;
ngUf;ff; fhyk; Njitg;gl;lJ@ fLk; Kaw;rpahy; mjpy; ntw;wp fz;Nld;.

mNj Neuk;> jpz;kf; fopTfis mfw;wp> VNjh Xuplj;jpy; Ftpg;gjw;Fg; gjpyhf> me;jj;
jpz;kf; fopTfisg; gad;gLj;jf; $ba jpl;lq;fisj; jahupj;Njhk;. mJNt ,d;W
mf;fiug;gw;W - Mypk; efu; - 05 Mk; fl;ilapy; xU njhopy; epiyakhfNt
cUg;ngw;Ws;sJ. FWfpa fhyj;jpy; cf;f itj;jy; - Compost cw;gj;jpj; jskhfTk;> ePzl
;
fhyk; cf;f itj;jy; - Land fill site MfTk; cUthfp epw;fpd;wd. RkhH Ie;J Nfhb &gh
nrytpy; ,t;tpuz;Lk; epHkhzpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

jpz;kf;fopT mfw;Wk; eltbf;ifiar; nraw;ghl;Lf;Ff; nfhz;L te;jNghJ kf;fshy;

ngupJk; tuNtw;fg;gl;lJ. njUf;fspy; jpz;kf; fopTfisg; ngz;fNs Ftpj;J itj;J>
thfdk; tUk; tiu fhj;jpUe;J fopTfis mfw;Wk; fhl;rp kl;Lky;y, me;j Neuj;jpy;
mtu;fsplk; Vw;gLk; kfpo;rr
; pAk; tpiy kjpf;f Kbahj xd;Wjhd;.
gpuNjr rigapd; jpz;kf; foptfw;Wk; thfdj;jpw;fhff; \fhj;jpUj;jy;| vd;gJ mtu;fspd;
md;whlf; flikfspy; xd;whf khwpapUg;gJjhd; ,jd; ntw;wpahFk;. ,jw;fhfr; nrythFk;
gzk; kpf mjpfkhFk;. me;jg; gzj;ijj; njhlu;e;J gpuNjr rigahy; nrytpl Kbahj
epiy Vw;gl;lJ. mg;NghJ vd;d nra;tJ? vd;w Nfs;tp vd; Kd;Nd vOe;jJ. CupYs;s
Gj;jp [Ptpfs;> ngupahu;fs;> Kf;fpa];ju;fs; Nghd;wtu;fis mioj;J nrytpdj;ijAk;
rigapd; epjp ,Wf;fj;ijAk; tpsq;fg; gLj;jpNdd;. mtu;fNs kf;fsplkpUe;J rpW njhifg;
gzj;ij mwtplyhk; vd;w MNyhridiaAk; toq;fpdu;. ,ij kf;fs; Vw;Wf; nfhz;L
vkf;Fj; jkJ gq;fspg;ghd Nritf; fl;lzj;ijr; nrYj;jp xj;Jiog;G toq;fp tUtJk;
,e;jj; jpl;lj;jpd; Kf;fpa tsu;r;rpahFk;.

jiytupd; topapy; vdJ ghjq;fspy; gazpf;fpNwd;.

 tpisahl;L ikjhdk;

90 fs; ek;ikg; nghWj;jtiu frg;ghd fhyg;gFjp; ,dpikahd ,uTfs;> gaq;fuk;

epiwe;j xd;whapd. njUf;fspy; elkhl Kbahj gb kdk; mr;rg;gl;Lf;nfhz;bUe;jJ.
cwq;FtJ $l epk;kjpaw;w xd;whfpg;NghdJ; ,it ehk; mwpe;jNj. ,e;jg; fhyg;gFjpfspy;
ekJ kf;fSf;fhfr; Nritahw;wpa kpf Kf;fpa mur ,ae;jpuq;fshd itj;jparhiyAk;>
E}yfKk; KiwNa - tpNrl mjpubg;gil kw;Wk; nghyp]; epiyaq;fSf;fhf - ghJfhg;G
mikr;rpdhy; ifNaw;fg;gl;ld.

me;j Neuj;jpy;> kf;fspd; mwptpay; kw;Wk; cly; - cstpaw;Nrit -,ae;jpuq;fisg;

ghJfhg;ghd ,lq;fspy; cUthf;f Ntz;ba NjitAk; ,Ue;jJ. me;jf;fhuzq;fNs> ekJ
vOtl;Lthd; tpisahl;L ikjhdj;ij ek;kplkpUe;J gwpj;Jf; nfhz;l JaH epuk;gpa
rk;gtj;ij ,d;Wk; typNahL czHfpNwhk;. Sfpof;F khfhzj;jpNyNa kpfTk; Gfo; ngw;w
tpisahl;L ikjhdk; mJ. mJ kl;Lky;yhky;> ,e;j khfhzj;jpNyNa gpujhd tPjpNahL
xl;bapUe;j xNu xU ikjhdKk; mJjhd;. Njrpa mstpy; NjHr;rpahd tPuHfis
cUthf;fpa ,lk; mJ. Njrpa vy;iyfisj; jhz;b rHtNjrj;jpd; kz;zpy; ekJ tPuHfspd;
fhy;fisg; ngUikNahL njhlitj;j ,lk; mJ. me;j tpisahl;L ikjhdk; ekf;F
,y;yhkNy NghdJ.

jiytupd; topapy; vdJ ghjq;fspy; gazpf;fpNwd;.

ekJ Cupd; ,isQHfisg; ghHf;Fk; NghJ> mtHfspd; tPuk; njUf;fspYk;> NjePHf;
filfspYk; kOq;fbf;fg;gLtijf; fz;L jiytUk; ehDk; nrhy;yKbahj Jauq;fis
mDgtpj;j gbjhd; ,d;W tiu ,Uf;fpNwhk;. Njrpa ngUikkpf;f ikjhdj;jpw;F khw;wPlhf>
ekJ ,isQHfSf;F ntWk; xU Fg;ig NkLjhd; fpilj;jpUf;fpwJ. mJ vJ tpj
GdUj;jhuzKk; mw;w epiyapy; \ikjhdk;| vd;W miof;f Kbahj xU epiyapy; ,Ue;jJ.

tpisahlf;$ba #oypy; mJ ,y;iy@ kdk; $rpa gbNa ekJ ,isQHfs; me;j ,lj;jpy;
tpisahlj; njhlq;fpdhHfs;. tpisahl;L vd;gJ ntWk; nghOJ Nghf;F kl;Lkd;W; clw;
Rfhjhuk; kl;Lkd;W; mJ Njrpa juj;jpw;F tPuHfis cUthf;Fkplk; kl;Lkd;W; ,itfisj;
jhz;b> jPa nray;fis Nehf;fp ,isQHfs; nrd;W tplhky; mtHfspd; xOf;fj;ij
Nkk;gLj;Jfpd;w xd;W vd ehq;fs; ek;gpapUg;gjhy;> vq;fs; kdq;fs; xt;nthU fzKk;
ikjhdk; gw;wpa epidTfisg; gpwg;gpj;Jf; nfhz;Nl ,Ue;jd.

ekJ gpuNjr ,isQHfspd; kPJ mf;fiw nfhz;l me;jf; fdTfs; jiytupd; cjtpNahL>
,d;W tpisahLtjw;F trjpaha; ikjhdj;ij XusT jahH gLj;jpf;nfhLf;f itj;Js;sd.
,Ue;Jk;> ekJ ,isQHfspd; kPJ mf;fiw nfhz;l ,e;jf; fdT> ekJ tpisahl;L
ikjhdk; xU Njrpa juk; nfhz;l ikjhdkhf khw;wg;gl Ntz;Lk; - vd;W tpupe;J
nfhz;Nl ,Uf;fpwJ. mjw;fhd Kaw;rpfSk; jw;NghJ ele;jgbNa ,Uf;fpd;wd.

,e;j ikjhdj;Jf;Fupa ghij> gpujhd tPjpapypUe;J ikjhdj;jpd; kj;jpapy; njhLk;

ghijahf - xU myq;fhukhd EiothapNyhL mikg;gjw;F ikjhdj;ij mz;kpj;Js;s
jdpahH epyq;fis thq;Fk; eltbf;iffs; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. \,d;~h my;yh`;| vjpH
tUk; kpff; FWfpa fhyj;jpy; ekJ fw;gidapYs;s ikjhdk; gpwf;Fk; vd;W jplkhf
ek;GfpNwhk;.

NkYk;> mf;fiug;gw;wpy; xU nghJ tpisahl;L ikjhdk; kl;Lk; NghjhJ vd;W czHe;j

jiytH mtHfs;> vg;gb K`k;kjpah Guj;jpy; xU tpisahl;L ikjhdj;ij
cUthf;fpdhNuh> mNjNghy; jw;NghJ ehk; \gJH| fpuhkj;jpYk; xU tpisahl;L ikjhdj;ij
cUthf;fpAs;Nshk;. mjw;fhf cjtpa midtiuAk; epide;J ed;wpkdk; nfhs;fpNwhk;.
mLj;J> fhjpupa;ah gpuNjrj;jpYk;> Mypk; efupYk; jyh xU ikjhdj;ij cUthf;f
Kaw;rpfis Nkw;nfhz;L tUfpNwhk;. mjw;Fk; vkf;F ,iwtd; cjTthd; vd jplkhf
ek;GfpNwhk;.

jiytupd; topapy; vdJ ghjq;fspy; gazpf;fpNwd;.

 tPjpfSk; tbfhDk;

cyfpy; ,d;W jha;> je;ijaHfSf;F mLj;jgbahf kpf neUf;fkhd cwTfshf ,Ug;gJ

tPjpfs;jhd;. ekJ tho;ehspy; ngUk; gFjp tPjpfshy; jhd; Mf;fpukpf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd.
kdpjDf;F ,t;tsT Kf;fpakhfpg;Nghd tPjpfs;> ekJ Ciug; nghWj;jkl;by; \eufk; khjpup|
khwpg;NghdJk;> ekJ kf;fSf;F vjpupfshf khwpg;NghdJk;jhd; ,d;iwa epiy. jpl;lkpl;l
tPjp mikg;G - tPjp rupnra;jy; - Nghd;w tiuGfSk; rpe;jidfSk; fle;jfhyq;fspy;
filg;gpbf;fg;glhikapdhy;> ekJ gpuNjrj;jpw;F NeHe;j mtyk; ,J.

tPjpfspy; jpBH jpBnud fw;fSk;> kz;Zk; nfhl;lg;gLk;; vd;dntd;W Nfl;lhy; tPjp

NghLtjhfr; nrhy;yg;gLk;; kPzL
; k; kPz;Lk; tPjpfSf;F Nky; nfhl;lg;gLk;; tPjp Nghl;ljhf
ngUikabj;Jf; nfhs;thHfs;; ngUikg;gl;lJjhd; \kpr;rKk; kPjKk;|. kf;fs; vjpHnfhs;Sk;
Jauq;fs; ftdj;jpw; nfhs;sg;gLtjpy;iy.

jiytupd; topapy; vdJ ghjq;fspy; gazpf;fpNwd;.

tPjpfs; cau cau tPLfSk;> thry;fSk; Fsq;fshf khwpd. gj;J tUl fhyj;Jf;Fs;
fl;ba GJ tPLfis rpy ,lq;fspy; cilj;J> kPz;Lk; Gjpjhf fl;lNtz;ba epiyia ,J
cUthf;fpaJ. kj;jpa ju tUkhdj;ijf; nfhz;l ekJ}upy;> mbf;fb tPLfis cilj;J
tPjpfSf;F Vw;g caHj;j Ntz;ba JHg;ghf;fpa epiy Vw;gl;lJ.

,jidj; jLj;J epWj;Jtjw;F rgjk; nfhz;Nlhk;. vq;fshy; mjw;F kpfj;njspthd

jpl;lq;fs; tFf;fg;gl;ld. JiwrhH epGzHfspd; cjtpNahL kpfj; jPtpukhdJk; -
,Wf;fkhdJkhd eilKiwfs; filg;gpbf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

,q;F xd;iwr; nrhy;yNtz;Lk;@ tbfhd; njhlHghd xU jpl;lkply; ehk; tUk; NghJ

gpuNjr rigapy; ,Ue;jJ. MapDk;> mJ fhl;rpg;nghUshf kl;LNk ,Ue;jJ. eilKiwg;
gLj;jg;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy. mJ eilKiwapNyNa ,y;iy. 1996 Mk; Mz;L fhyg;gFjpapy;
,e;j tbfhd; tiyaikg;G tiuag;gl;bUe;jhYk; $l> mJ xU %iyapy; iftplg;gl;l
epiyapy; fplg;gpy; fple;jJ.
me;j tbfhd; tiyaikg;G tiuG %iyapy; fple;jJ khj;jpukd;W; vkJ CUf;Nf cupa
\,aw;ifahd tbr;ry;| topfnsy;yhk; kz;Zk;> fy;Yk; Nghlg;gl;L epiwf;fg;gl;bUe;jd.
,jdhy;> kio ePH ntspNa nry;y Kbahky;> CUf;Fs;NsNa FbapUf;fj; njhlq;fpaJ.
mjd; mtyk; ehk; vy;NyhUk; mDgtpg;gJjhd;. ehd; mjpfk; nrhy;yj;Njitapy;iy.

jiytupd; topapy; vdJ ghjq;fspy; gazpf;fpNwd;.

mf;fiug;gw;wpd; miktplk;> MSL (Mean Sea Level) mstpYk; Fiwthf ,Ug;gJ>
Nkw;$wpa fhuzq;fs; vy;yhtw;wpYk; ghHf;f mnrsfupaq;fis vkf;F cUthf;Fk; kpfg;
gpujhd fhuzkhFk;. vdNt> kpfr;rupahd jpl;lq;fis cUthf;fp> mij eilKiwg;
gLj;Jtjd; Clhfj;jhd; vkJ kf;fspd; ,e;jg;gpur;rpidiaj; jPHf;fKbAk;.

mjw;fhd jpl;lq;fis cUthf;fpNdhk;. ,dp mj;jpatrpakhdJ jtpu> ve;j tPjpfSk; Gjpjhf

kz; epug;gg;gLtNjh - md;wp caHj;jg;gLtNjh - ,y;iy vd;W kpf cWjpahf
mwptpj;Njhk;; mjpw; fLk; Nghf;ifAk; filg;gpbj;Njhk;@ tPjpfisg; NghLtjw;Fg; gjpyhf>
mit \Njhz;lg;gl| Ntz;Lnkdj; jPHkhdpj;Njhk;. tPjpfs; Nghlg;gLtjhf
,Ue;jhy;>\Njhz;b> nfhq;fpuPl; khj;jpuNk| gad;gLj;JtJ vd fwhuhf KbntLj;Njhk;;
mijNa eilKiwg;gLj;jpNdhk;.

2008Mk; Mz;by;> jiytupd; topfhl;lNyhLk;> JizNahLk; GjpanjhU tbfhd;

tiyaikg;G tiunghd;iw cUthf;fpNdhk;. mij Kd;khjpupahf itj;Nj> vkJ Cupd;
tbfhd; mikg;G rPH gLj;jg;glTk;> mikf;fg;glTk; Ntz;Lnkd;W cWjpahfr; nraw;gl;L
tUfpNwhk;. ,e;j tbfhd; tiyaikg;ig Kw;whf epHkhzpj;J Kbf;fTk; - tPjpfnsy;yhk;
Kw;whfr; rupg;gLj;jp Kbf;fTk; - fhyk; Njit vd;gij kf;fs; ,yFthfg; Gupe;J
nfhs;thHfs; vd ek;GfpNwd;.

\\RUf;fkhfg; ghHj;jhy;> vkJ gpuNjrj;jpw;fhd \tPjpf;nfhs;if vd;gJ|, tPjpfSf;F

kz;NghLtJ jil - nfhq;fpuPl; tPjpf;F kl;Lk; mDkjp - tPjpfs; Njhz;lg;gl;L tbr;rYf;F
Vw;wkhjpup gad;gLj;Jjy; -vd;gjhfNt mikAk;.|| ,J GJtpjkhfj; njupayhk;. mtrpaKk;
fhuzKk; fUjp> ,it vk;khy; filg;gpbf;fg;gLfpd;wd. tbfhd; tiyaikg;igAk;
Muk;gpj;jpUf;fpNwhk;. ,J njhlHghf kpf tpupthd jfty;fSk; tpsf;fq;fSk; vk;kplk;
,Uf;fpd;wd. re;jHg;gk; tUk; NghJ> mtw;iw vy;NyhuplKk; gfpHe;J nfhs;s KbAk;.

jiytupd; topapy; vdJ ghjq;fspy; gazpf;fpNwd;.

 ekJ re;ij

mjpfk; NgH re;jpf;ff;$ba xU ,lj;ij cUthf;FtJ kpfr;rpukk;: mg;gbahd Xuplk;

,aw;ifahf mike;jpUg;gJ xU tuk;. me;j tuk; ekJ CUf;F ,Ue;jJ. ehd;F gpujhd
ghijfs; re;jpf;Fk;,lk; khj;jpuky;y> gy;ypd> gy; fyhrhu mk;rq;fisAk; nrupj;Jf;
nfhz;L nropg;ghf fhl;rp je;j xU ,lj;jpy;jhd; ekJ re;ij ,Ue;jJ. ,aw;ifahf
mike;j ,lj;jpy; Xu; CH jdJ re;ijia ngw;wpUg;gjd;> ngWkhdq;fisg; Gupe;J nfhs;s
Kbahj rpW tajpy;> me;jr; re;ijiaf; fz;bUf;fpNwd;@ re;ijapd; jiuapy; ghjq;fisg;
gjpj;J fle;J nrd;W re;ijg; gs;spf;$lj;jpy; gbj;;jpUf;fpNwd;. tpisahLtjw;F
nghUl;fSk; cz;gjw;F kpl;lha;fSk; NghJnkd;W epidf;Fk; Foe;ijg; gUtk;; mg;NghJ
vdf;F.

1985Mk; Mz;L me;jr; Jaur; rk;gtk; epfo;e;jJ@ xU fzg; nghOjpy; vupe;J rhk;gyhfp
kz;NzhL kz;zhfpg;NghdJ@ vupe;jJ vd;W nrhy;tJ xU ehfupfk; fUjpa Ngr;Rj;jhd;@
vupf;fg;gl;lJ vd;gJjhd; cz;ik.

caHe;j tpLjiyf;fhf NghuhLtjhfr; nrhy;yp> kf;fspd; kdq;fspy; tpLjiy vd;fpd;w

ngUk; jkpo;f; fdit cUthf;fpa> MAjf; FOf;fs;jhd; ekJ re;ijia vupj;jd.

jiytupd; topapy; vdJ ghjq;fspy; gazpf;fpNwd;.

tpLjiyf; fUj;ij gug;Gk; Gj;jp[Ptpfs; kj;jpapy; mg;NghJ \mf;fiug;gw;wpd; ,Ujak;
epWj;jg;gl;Ltpl;lJ| vd;w Ngr;R re;Njh~kspf;Fk; xU nra;jpahfNt ,Ue;jJ.

re;ij vupf;fg;gl;;lJ Kjy; ,d;W tiu> jw;fhypf ,lj;jpNyNa ,aq;fp tUfpwJ. thq;fTk;>
tpw;fTk;> xU ,lk; vd;w gz;G khwp> Xu; Cupd; ehfupf mikthf;fkhfTk;> me;j Cupd;
tho;tpay; juj;jpd; milahskhfTk;> re;ij vd;gJ khwpg;Nghd ,d;iwa epiyapYk;> ekJ
re;ij jw;fhypf ,lj;jpNyNa ,aq;fptUfpwJ@ ,ij vz;Zk; NghJ typfshy; neQ;R
gupjtpf;fpwJ.

xU CUf;F@ nghUj;jkhd ,lj;jpy; re;ij miktjd; mtrpaj;ijAk;> gy gpujhd

tPjpfs; re;jpj;J fpis gpupe;J nry;Yk; ,lj;jpy; mike;jhy;> ,jw;F Vw;glf;$ba
nghUshjhug; ngWkhdj;ijAk; mwpe;J nfhz;l ehl;fspypUe;J vdJ rpe;jidia
epiwj;jpUe;jJ re;ij gw;wpa vz;zq;fNs.

me;j vz;zq;fis nka;gLj;jpf;fhl;Lk; vdJ Kaw;rpapy; ,iwtdpd; MjuT KjypYk;>

jiytupd; Jiz ,uz;lhtJkhf vdf;Ff; fpilj;jpUe;jJ. gbg;gbahf tsHr;rpaila
Ntz;ba re;ijia cldbahf cUthf;fpf; fhl;Lk; Mw;wy; ekJ jiytH top fw;Wf;
nfhz;l xU tplak;jhd;. ekJ re;ij vupf;fg;gl;ljpypUe;J> ,d;Wtiuahf gbKiwahf
tsHr;rpaile;jpUe;jhy; vg;gb ,Uf;FNkh> mg;gb mj;jid tUlq;fspd; Nkk;gl;l xU
tsHepiyapy; ekJ re;ijia cUthf;fptpLtNj vdJ mth MFk;.

ekJ nghJr; re;ij epHkhzj;jpid Muk;gpj;J itf;f my;yh`; vdf;F ehbdhd;. %d;W
fl;lq;fshf jpl;lkpl;L mikf;fg;gLk; ekJ re;ijapd; Kjw; fl;lk; njhlq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
KOtJkhf ekJ re;ijia fl;bKbg;gjw;fhd Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs; njhlHe;jgbNa cs;sd.
jiytupd; cjtpNahL ,d;~h my;yh`; mJ epiwNtWk;.

,e;jg; gpuNjr rigf;Fs; EioAk; NghJ> vd;NdhL MW Kf;fpa tplaq;fis

kdRj;jpNahL nfhz;Lte;Njd;. ekJ nghJr; re;ij> g]; epiya kPl;Gk; epHkhzKk;>
tpisahl;L ikjhdk;> nghJ E}yfk;> gpuNjr rigf; fl;blk;> jpz;kf;fopT mfw;wy; jpl;lk;
Nghd;witjhd; me;j MW tplaq;fSk;. vg;gbahtJ> vg;ghLgl;lhtJ> vdJ iffshNy
Muk;gpj;J Kbf;fNtz;Lk; vd;w ~epa;aj;Jk;|> mjw;F my;yh`;tpd; cjtp Ntz;Lnkd;w
gpuhu;j;jidAk; xU fzKk; vd;idtpl;L mfd;wjpy;iy. ~my;`k;Jypy;yh`;|> ,d;W me;jg;
ghf;fpak; vdf;F fpl;bapUf;fpwJ. rpyij Muk;gpj;jpUf;fpNwhk; rpyJ epiwTw;wpUf;fpwJ@
~~Mk;! J}a vz;zq;fs; nka;g;gpf;fg;gLk;>; J}a vz;zq;fspd; gf;fk; ,iwtd; ,Ug;ghd;.||

,e;j Neuj;jpy;> ekJ re;ijf;fhd epjpg;gq;fspg;Gr; nra;j IOM epWtdj;ijAk; epidT$uf;

flikg;gl;Ls;Nsd;.

jiytupd; topapy; vdJ ghjq;fspy; gazpf;fpNwd;.

 tho;epyk;
kf;fs; ngUfpf;nfhz;bUf;fpd;wdH. tho;epyk; RUq;fpf;nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. epyj;NjhL
ekf;fpUf;Fk; cwT gy tif vdpDk;> tho;epyk; vd;w tifapy; kpf Kf;fpakhdJ. ekJ
Ciu Kd;dpWj;jp> mjd; kf;fSf;fhd xU nghJr; rpe;jidia ftdj;jpy;
nfhz;Nlhkhdhy;@ ekJ kf;fs; trpg;gjw;fhd tho;epyq;fisg; gw;wpajhfj;jhd; ,Uf;Fk;.
Kd;ngy;yhk; tPLk; mijr;#o thrYk;> me;j thry; KOtJk; gRikahd G+kuq;fs;> mjd;
tz;zq;fs; thridfs; ek; kdij ,NyRgLj;Jfpw xU #oiyf; nfhz;bUe;Njhk;. ,d;W
mg;gbapy;iy. ,uz;L tPLfSf;fpilapy; $l ,ilntspfs; rhj;jpakw;W Ngha;tpl;ld.
,d;Dk; gpe;jp tug;Nghfpw fhyj;jpy; trpg;gplq;fSf;fhf vjpH nfhs;Sk; gpur;rpid vd;gJ
ekJ Cupd; gpujhdkhd rthyhf khwptpLk; vd;gij vtUk; kWf;fKbahJ.

cyf tuyhw;wpy; epyj;ij Kd;dpWj;jp mope;J Nghd capHfs; jhd; mjpfk;. kf;fSf;fhd
tho;epyq;fis nefpo;rr
; pahfTk;> jpwikahfTk; ifahs;tJjhd; ekf;FKd; tpupfpd;w ngUk;
rthy; vdf; fUJfpNwd;;.

ekJ Ciug; nghWj;jkl;by;> kf;fs; jkJ tho;epyq;fis - Fwpj;j ,lq;fisf; fle;J

nrd;W cUthf;fpf; nfhs;s tpUk;ghj kdepiyiaNa nfhz;bUf;fpd;wdH. fle;j
fhyq;fspd; gaq;fuk; epiwe;j #oy;> mtHfspd; trpg;gplq;fSf;F xU ghJfhg;gpd;ikia
Njhw;Wtpj;jpUe;jJ vd;gJ xU GwkpUf;f> kf;fs; FbNawp trpf;f tpUk;Gk; ,lq;fSf;Fk;>
gpujhd FbapUg;G kw;Wk; efu cwTfSf;Fkhd njhlHGfs; jpUg;jpahf
mike;jpUf;ftpy;iy. FbapUg;Gf;fis efuj;NjhL ,izf;fpd;w gy;NtW ghijfs;
mtrpag;gl;lNghJk;> mit ,y;yhkNyNa ,Ue;J te;jJ. mJ kl;Lky;yhky;> gpujhd
FbapUg;Gf;fSf;F mUfhikapYk;> mjD}lhfTk; khj;jpuNk trjpfNshL $ba ghijfs;
mikf;fg; gl;bUe;jJk; xU fhuzkhFk;.

VyNt> cs;s ghijfis rPHnra;jy; vd;gNjhL> Gjpa ghijfis cUthf;f Ntz;ba

NjitfSk; Kf;fpakhfpg; Ngha;tpl;lJ. ,e;jg; Gjpa ghijfs; vg;gb> vq;F> vjD}lhf
mikag;ngWjy; Ntz;Lk; vd;gNjhL> vjpHfhyj;jpy; ekJ kf;fs; tho;epyq;fshf
khw;wf;$ba ,lq;fisAk; mtHfSf;F gupe;Jiug;gjhf mikaNtz;Lk; vd;gjpy; ehd;
kpff; ftdkhfTk;> MokhfTk; rpe;jpj;jpUf;fpNwd;.

mjd; epkpj;jkhf> njhopy;El;gf;fy;Y}up> gpuNjr nrayfk;> fy;tpf;fhupahyak;> gpiw FM

thndhyp epiyak;> ePHg;ghrd fhupahyak;> nghJ ikjhdk;> gs;spthry; Nghd;w kf;fSf;F
kpf mtrpakhd Nrit epiyaq;fs; mike;jpUf;Fk;> mf;fiug;gw;W fy;Kid gpujhd
tPjpia njhLk; xU Gs;spapy; ,Ue;J Muk;gpf;fpwJ xU GJg;ghij.

jiytupd; topapy; vdJ ghjq;fspy; gazpf;fpNwd;.

njhopy; El;gf;fy;Y}upapd; tlGwk; Muk;gpf;Fk; ,g;ghijia ePl;b rpd;dKy;iyj;jPit
milar; nra;J@ kPz;Lk; rpd;dKy;iyj;jPtpd; njd;Gw vy;iyapypUe;J gl;babg;gpl;bapd;
tlf;F vy;iy tUk; tiu nfhz;L nry;Yk; NghJ> ,t;tPjp tiyg;gpd;dYf;F cl;gLk;
ghupa epyg;gug;Gk; mjd; Xuq;fSk; tho;epyq;fshf (FbNaw;w epyq;fshf) khWk;.

gpujhd FbapUg;gpidAk;> gl;babg;gpl;b> gs;spf;FbapUg;G> rpd;d Ky;iyj;jPT Nghd;w

fpuhkq;fisAk; njhlHG gLj;Jk; ,e;jg; ghij cUthf;fj;jpd; Clhf fz;lilag;gLk;
ekJ kf;fSf;fhd tho;epyq;fs; kpfKf;fpakhditahFk;. ,e;j epyg;gug;G ekJ vjpHfhy
tho;epyj;jpw;fhd Njitia jpUg;jpfukhf epiwNtw;Wk; vd;gjpy; vJtpj re;NjfKk;
,y;iy.

ekJ CUf;fhd Gjpa ghijapd; mUfpYk;> mg;ghijfs; ,izf;Fk;

tho;epyq;fSf;fpilapyhd epyg;gug;Gf;fspYk; vjpHfhyj;jpy; ekJ kf;fs; trpg;gplq;fis
cUthf;FtH. ,e;j tho;epyq;fspy; trpg;gjw;F jil vdf;fUjg;gl;l FbePH vd;w gpur;rpid
,d;W ,y;yhkNy Ngha;tpl;bUf;fpwJ. ekJ jiytH FbePH vd;w mj;jpatrpag;
gpur;rpidia jPHj;J itj;jpUf;fpwhH vd;gJ ehd; nrhy;yp njupaNtz;ba xd;wy;y.

mJNghd;W> Rdhkpf;Fg; gpwF flNyhLk; flw;fiuNahLk; re;Njfj;Jld; $ba Xu; cwNt

ekJ kf;fSf;F ,Ue;jJ. flypd; ,jkhd epwKk;> miyfspd; miog;Gk;> mq;F te;J
jltpr; nry;Yk; njd;wiytpl ,sikahd fhw;Wk; kf;fspd; kd ,Wf;fj;ij cjpur;
nra;fpd;wd. xU itj;jpaidg; Nghy kdij Mw;Wg;gLj;JfpwJ.
ekJ kf;fs; flw;fiuNahL kPz;Lk; neUf;fKw tpUk;Gtij czu Kbe;jJ. kPz;Lk;
tPLfisAk; thbfisAk; fl;bf; FbNawTk; njhopy; nra;aTk; ehl;lk; fhl;bdH. Vwj;jho
4 km ePsj;jpy; 300 m mfyj;jpy;> kpfg; ngUk; epyg;gug;G kPz;Lk; gad;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;
vd;W ehd; tpUk;gpNdd;. mjid rhjpg;gjw;Fr; Rdhkpahy; mope;j> flYf;F
rkhe;jukhdjhd Ngupay; tPjpia mikj;Jf; nfhLj;Njd;. ,d;W mg;ngUk; epyg;gug;gpy; 50
tPjkhit Nkw;$wpa Nehf;fj;jpw;fhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLtij fhZk;NghJ kpf re;Njhrkhf
,Uf;fpwJ. ~my;`k;Jypy;yh`;.|

jiytupd; topapy; vdJ ghjq;fspy; gazpf;fpNwd;.

 E}yfk; ;

cyf tuyhw;wpy; E}yfq;fSf;nfd;W xU jdpaplkpUf;fpwJ. kdpjHfis tpl> caukha;

E}yfq;fis kjpf;Fk; gof;fk; ,d;W tiu cyfpy; Gof;fj;jpy; cz;L. \\fpwp];jt kjk;
cyif Mf;fpukpj;j fhyj;jpy;> Nkw;FyfpypUe;J mwptpay; mopf;fg;gl;lJ; mjid ghurPfk;
Nghd;w ,];yhkpa ehLfNs fhg;ghw;wpd vd;gJ tuyhW|| vd vk;.vd;.uha; vd;w Gj;jp[Ptp>
\,];yhj;jpd; tuyhw;Wg;ghj;jpuk;| vd;w Gj;jfj;jpy; kpftpupthf vOjpapUf;fpwhH. mg;gbf;
fhg;ghw;wp ,Uf;fhtpl;lhy;> ,d;W ,Uf;fpd;w ,e;j tpQ;Qhd mwptpay; cyfNk
,y;yhjpUe;jpUf;Fk;; mit ntWk; fw;gidfshfNt Kbtile;JkpUf;Fk;.

me;jg;guk;giuapy; te;j vtDf;Fk;> mwpit Nehf;fpa <Hg;Gk; jhfKk; ,ay;ghfNt

mike;jpUf;Fk;. mjd; njhlHr;rpjhd; vdf;Fk; E}yfq;fspd; kPJ jPuhf;fhjiy cUthf;fp
,Ue;jJ. E}yfq;fs; njhlHghd cyf mwpjy;fisg; Gupe;J nfhz;L> ehd; gpuNjr rigia
epHtfpf;f tUk; NghJ> ekJ gpuNjr E}yfk; Vkhw;wj;ijNa je;jJ. xU jdpegH E}yfj;jpy;
,Uf;Fk; msit tpl kpff;Fiwe;j Gj;jfq;fNs ,q;fpUe;jd. E}yfk; vkJ gpuNjrj;jpy;
njhlq;fpa fhyj;jpypUe;J 2006Mk; Mz;L tiu Gj;jfq;fNs thq;ftpy;iyah? vd;w
Nfs;tp vd;id Mr;rupaj;jpy; Mo;j;jpaJ. Mdhy;> jw;NghJ 20>000f;Fk; Nkw;gl;l tifahd

jiytupd; topapy; vdJ ghjq;fspy; gazpf;fpNwd;.

Gj;jfq;fs; ekJ E}yfq;fspy; ,Uf;fpd;w msTf;F mjid khw;wpapUf;fpNwhk;.
\my;`k;Jypy;yh`;|.

ehd; VyNt nrhd;dijg; Nghd;W> ekJ E}yff;fl;blKk; 1990Mk; Mz;by; ghJfhg;G

mikr;rpdhy; ifNaw;;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. mjd; gpwF> ,lk; khwp - ,lk; khwp - gy thliff;
fl;llq;fspy; E}yfk; ,aq;FtJk; vOk;GtJkhfNt nraw;gl;lJ. ,J vkJ kf;fSf;Fg;
ngUk; mnrsfupaj;ijf; nfhLj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jJ.

mNjNeuk;> \vkJ gpuNjrj;jpd; kpf Kf;fpakhd nrhj;Jf;fshfTk;> mwptpay;

fUtiwfshfTk; ehd; fUjpaJ> E}yfj;ijAk; ekJ Njrpa ghlrhiyiaAk; jhd;|.
vj;jidNah Gj;jp[PtpfisAk; ngUk; mwpthspfisAk; jPHf;fjuprdKs;s jiytHfisAk;
cUthf;fpa \jha;kb| ekJ Njrpa ghlrhiyjhd;. mjd; kPJ mstpl Kbahj gw;Wk; mjd;
tsHr;rpapy; kPshf;fuprdKk; vdf;fpUf;fpwJ.

vdJ epUthfj;jpd; fPo; ,g;ghlrhiy ,y;yhj NghJk;> vd;id cUthf;fpa

,g;ghlrhiyf;F VjhtJ nra;a Ntz;Lnkd;w vz;zk; vd;dplkpUe;jJ. ngupjhfr;
nra;tjw;F gpuNjr rigahy; KbahJ vd;gJk; vdf;Fj; njupAk;. mjw;fhd rupahd jUzk;
ghHj;jpUe;Njd;.

ghlrhiy vd;gJ mwpT cw;gj;jp nra;Akplk;; E}yfnkd;gJ me;j mwpT cw;gj;jpf;F

cjTk; xU nraw;ghl;L epWtdk;. vdNt jhd;> xd;iw Nahrpf;Fk; NghJ> kw;iwaJk; ekJ
rpe;jidf;Fs; te;J ,lk; gpbj;J tpLfpd;wJ. ,e;j Neuj;jpy;> E}yfj;jpw;fhd fl;llk; xd;iw
cUthf;Ftjpy; ftdkhf ,Ue;Njd;. jiytupd; cjtpNahL gpuNjr rig tshfj;jpy;
E}yff; fl;llj;jpw;fhd Ntiyfs; njhlq;fg;gl;bUe;j NghJjhd; xU tha;gG
; f; fpilj;jJ.

rHtNjr mur rhHgw;w epWtdkhd US AID, E}yfk; mikg;gjw;F cjTtjhfr; nrhd;dJ.

ehd; re;Njhrk; mile;Njd;. Njrpa ghlrhiyf;F cjt Ntz;Lnkd;W jUzk; ghHj;jpUe;j
vdf;F> my;yh`; xU re;jHg;gj;ijj; je;jhd;. \E}yfKk; Njrpa ghlrhiyAk; ekJ Cupd;
,uz;L fz;fs;| vd ,Ue;j vdf;F> mJ Xu; mupa tha;gg
; hfg; Ngha;tpl;lJ. US AID
epWtdj;jplk; E}yfj;jpw;F vdf; fhl;b - fl;llj;ij vLj;J - tiuaWf;fg;gl;l tsq;fisf;
nfhz;l xU E}yfj;NjhL Njrpa ghlrhiyf;fhf mjidg; gad;gLj;j KbAk; vd;W
vz;zpNdd;; mijNa nra;Njd;. mJNghd;W> nghJ E}yfj;jpw;F vd gpuNjr rig
tshfj;jpy; cUthf;fg;gl;l fl;llj;ij Kbj;J> mjpy; E}yfj;ij mkHj;jp> ,d;W ,e;j
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